STRUCTURAL DESIGN CALCULATION OF

DOCUMENT TITLE DEWATERING STATION 221 MLD,LOCATION-ALAMDAR COLONY DWS SDZ-V (J&K)

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 STRUCTURAL DESIGN CALCULATION OF
DOCUMENT TITLE DEWATERING STATION 221 MLD,LOCATION-ALAMDAR COLONY DWS SDZ-V
(J&K)
S.NO DESCRIPTION PAGE

1 DESIGN BASIS & DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

2 DESIGN PARAMETERS AND GRADE OF MATERIAL USED

3 LOAD CALCULATIONS

3A HYDRODYNAMIC PRESSURE CALCULATIONS FOR CIRCULAR WALL

3B HYDRODYNAMIC PRESSURE CALCULATIONS FOR RECTANGULAR WALL

4 DESIGN OF WET WELL

5 DESIGN OF WALL W1

6 DESIGN OF WALL W2

7 DESIGN OF WALL W3
 STRUCTURAL DESIGN CALCULATION OF
DEWATERING STATION 221 MLD,LOCATION-ALAMDAR COLONY DWS SDZ-V (J&K)
The Design note cover the design of Wet well.The whole structure is modelled in STAAD.
Walls are modelled in the STAAD by idealizing the wall panel and thickness and Reinforcement are designed with the help of excel
sheet.
2.0) DESIGN PARAMETERS AND GRADE OF MATERIAL USED -
2.1 Material Data
f
Characteristic Cube Compressive Strength of Concrete ck = 30 N/mm2
Unit weight of Concrete ϒc = 25 kN/m3
Unit weight of Brick ϒb = 18 kN/m3
Unit weight of Plaster ϒp = 20 kN/m3
Unit weight of Soil ϒs = 18 kN/m3
Unit weight of Floor Finish ϒs = 24 kN/m3
Unit weight of Water ϒw = 10 kN/m3
ko = 0.33
Reinforcement
Characteristic Yield Strength of Steel A = 500 N/mm2

Unit weight of Steel ϒ = 78.5 kN/m3

st
Water table depth considered (As per soil report Bore Log data) = 1.20 m below FGL
3.0) Loads and Load Combinations
Primary Load and Load Combinations:
Load 1 Dead Load
Load 2 Water Load from Inside
Load 3 Soil Load from Outside
Load Combinations
Lcomb 201 Tank Full with no Soil outside
Lcomb 202 Tank Empty with full Soil outside
 STRUCTURAL DESIGN CALCULATION OF
DEWATERING STATION 221 MLD,LOCATION-ALAMDAR COLONY DWS SDZ-V (J&K)
Dia of well = 14 m
Height of Wall, H = 14.50 m
Thickness at bottom, T1 = 1.2 m 14
Thickness at top, T2 = 0.6 m
Avg thickness of Wall, T = 0.9 m
fck = 30 N/mm2
PLAN
Weight Calculation
Weight of Tank Wall = 14341.95 KN
Mass of Tank Wall mw = 1461972.48 KG
Volume of Water = 2230.97 M3
Wt. of water = 21885.816 KN
Mass of water , m = 2230970.00 KG

h of water = 14 M
Dia = 14 M
Parameters of spring mass model
Height/dia (H/D) = 1.000
From Graph (Figure 2) IS 1893 (Part 2):2014
mi/m = 0.8 mi = 1784776.00 KG
mc/m = 0.3 mc = 669291.00 KG
hi/h = 0.35 hi = 5.075 M
hc/h = 0.65 hc = 9.425 M
hi*/h = 0.5 h i* = 7.25 M
hc*/h = 0.75 hc* = 10.875 M

Time Period
IMPULSIVE
Time period of impulsive
Ti = Ci*h*√ρ / √(t/D)*√E E = 5000*√fck
27386.13 N/SQMM
For h/D = 1.000 Ci = 4.20 FIG.5
Ti = 4.389 SEC
CONVECTIVE
Time period of convective mode Tc= (Cc√D/g) = 3.823 SEC
Cc (from (fig. 5) IS 1893 (Part 2):2014 = 3.20 FIG.5

Design horizontal Seismic coefficient

IMPULSIVE
Zone factor, Z = 0.36 (Table 2, Zone V, IS1893 (part1))
Importance factor, I = 1.5 (Table 1, IS 1893 (Part 2):2014)
Response reduction factor, R = 3 (Table 3, IS 1893 (Part 2):2014)
Damping (impulsive) = 5%
Multiplying factor = 1 (Table 3, Zone III, IS1893 (part1))
T = 4.39 SECONDS
Sa/g = 0.6 (Page 13, IS1893 (part1)) GRAPH Fig 2 Pg.16
Ahi = (ZxIxSa)/2xRxg = 0.054 (Page 7, IS1893 (part2))

CONVECTIVE
Zone factor, Z = 0.36 (Table 3, IS1893 (part1))
Importance factor, I = 1.5 (Table 1, IS 1893 (Part 2):2014)
Response reduction factor, R = 3 (Table 2, IS 1893 (Part 2):2014)
Damping (Convective) = 0.5 % If time period not greater than 4
Multiplying factor 1 (Table 3, Zone III, IS1893 (part1))
T = 3.823 SECONDS
As time period is NOT greater than 4 = 1 (From clause 4.5.2 of IS:1893: part 2)
hence Multiplying factor for 0.5 %
damping
Sa/g as per fig 2 = 0.75 (Fig. 2, IS1893 (part1))
Ahc = (ZxIxSa)/2xRxg = 0.0675

Hydrodynamic Pressure Calculation

IMPULSIVE
Impulsive hydrodynamic pressure on wall, Piw= Qiw(y) x Ahi x ρ x g x h = 3.626 KN/SQM
Qiw(y) = 0.866(1-(y/h)^2 x tanh(0.866L/H) = 0.472 Manual
(at base of wall,y=0)

CONVECTIVE
Convective hydrodynamic pressure on wall, Pcw= Qcw(y) x Ahc x ρ x g x L = 0.110 KN/SQM
Qcw(y) = (0.41658xcosh(3.162 y/L))/cosh(3.162h/L) = 0.01183 Manual
(at base of wall,y=0)

Pressure Due to Wall Inertia

Pww = Ahi x T x ρ m x g = 1.215 KN/SQM

Pressure Due to Vertical excitation

Pv = Av(ρ x g x H x (1-y/H)) = 6.53 KN/SQM
Av = 2/3(ZxIxSa)/(2xRxg) = 0.0450

Maximum Hydrodynamic pressure

P = √(Piw+Pww)^2 + Pcw^2 + Pv^2 = 11.475 KN/SQM
 STRUCTURAL DESIGN CALCULATION OF
DEWATERING STATION 221 MLD,LOCATION-ALAMDAR COLONY DWS SDZ-V (J&K)

Length of wall,L = 11.2 m

Width of wall,B = 3.6 m
Height of Wall, H = 9 m
Thickness at bottom, T1 = 0.6 m 3.6
Thickness at top, T2 = 0.4 m
Avg thickness of Wall, T = 0.5 m
fck = 30 N/mm2
PLAN
Weight Calculation
Weight of Tank Wall = 3330 KN
Mass of Tank Wall mw = 339449.54 KG
Volume of Water = 362.88 M3
Wt. of water = 3559.853 KN
Mass of water , m = 362880.0 KG

Analysis Along 'X'-direction

For 'X' Direction L = 11.2 M
B = 3.6 M
Parameters of spring mass model
Height/dia (H/D) = 0.804
From Graph (Figure 2) IS 1893 (Part 2):2014
mi/m = 0.9 mi = 326592.00 KG
mc/m = 0.2 mc = 72576.00 KG
hi/h = 0.35 hi = 3.15 M
hc/h = 0.85 hc = 7.65 M
hi*/h = 0.4 h i* = 3.60 M
hc*/h = 0.8 hc* = 7.2 M

Time Period
IMPULSIVE
Time period of impulsive
Ti = (2*pi*√d/g) = 0.284 SEC.
d (deflection of tank wall on certical centre line at height h' when loaded by uni. dist. press. 'q') = P(h')^3/3EIw
= 0.0201 M
P(conc loaddue to a strip of unit width,qxhx1) = 232.9000 KN
h'=(mi/2*hi+mw'/2*h)/(mi/2+mw') = 2.5 M
mw' (mass of one tank wall perpendicular to direction of loading) = 11467.900 KG
q=(mi/2+mw')g/(B*H) = 38.800 KN/SQM
E5000*√fck = 27386127.9 KN/SQM
Iw = (1xT^3)/12 = 0.002 m^4

CONVECTIVE
Time period of convective mode Tc= (Cc√L/g) = 4.060 SEC
Cc (from (fig. 7) IS 1893 (Part 2):2014 = 3.80 FIG.5

Design horizontal Seismic coefficient

(Ah)
IMPULSIVE
Zone factor, Z = 0.36 (Table 2, Zone III, IS1893 (part1))
Importance factor, I = 1 (Table 1, IS 1893 (Part 2):2014)
Response reduction factor, R = 4 (Table 3, IS 1893 (Part 2):2014)
Damping (impulsive) = 5%
Multiplying factor = 1 (Table 3, Zone III, IS1893 (part1))
T = 0.284 SECONDS
Sa/g = 2.5 (Page 13, IS1893 (part1)) GRAPH
Ahi = (ZxIxSa)/2xRxg = 0.1125 (Page 7, IS1893 (part2))
CONVECTIVE
Zone factor, Z = 0.36 (Table 3, IS1893 (part1))
Importance factor, I = 1 (Table 1, IS 1893 (Part 2):2014)
Response reduction factor, R = 4 (Table 2, IS 1893 (Part 2):2014)
Damping (Convective) = 0.5 % If time period not greater than 4
Multiplying factor 1.00 from clause 4.5.2 of IS 1893 :part 2 (If more than 4 than 1.75 used)
T = 4.060 SECONDS

Sa/g as per fig 2 = 0.75 (Fig. 2, IS1893 (part1))

Sa/g = 0.75
Ahc = (ZxIxSa)/2xRxg = 0.03375

Hydrodynamic Pressure Calculation

IMPULSIVE
Impulsive hydrodynamic pressure on wall, Piw= Qiw(y) x Ahi x ρ x g x h = 4.758 KN/SQM
Qiw(y) = 0.866(1-(y/h)^2 x tanh(0.866L/H) = 0.479 Manual
(at base of wall,y=0)

CONVECTIVE
Convective hydrodynamic pressure on wall, Pcw= Qcw(y) x Ahc x ρ x g x L = 0.039 KN/SQM
Qcw(y) = (0.41658xcosh(3.162 y/L))/cosh(3.162h/L) = 0.01043 Manual
(at base of wall,y=0)

Pressure Due to Wall Inertia

Pww = Ahi x T x ρ m x g = 1.40625 KN/SQM

Pressure Due to Vertical excitation

Pv = Av(ρ x g x H x (1-y/H)) = 6.75 KN/SQM
Av = 2/3(ZxIxSa)/(2xRxg) = 0.0750

Maximum Hydrodynamic pressure

P = √(Piw+Pww)^2 + Pcw^2 + Pv^2 = 9.141 KN/SQM
Analysis Along 'Y'-direction
For 'Y' Direction B = 3.6 M
L = 11.2 M
Parameters of spring mass model
Height/dia (H/B) = 2.500
From Graph (Figure 2) IS 1893 (Part 2):2014
mi/m = 0.95 mi = 344736.00 KG
mc/m = 0.15 mc = 54432.00 KG
hi/h = 0.5 hi = 4.5 M
hc/h = 0.75 hc = 6.75 M
hi*/h = 0.4 h i* = 3.60 M
hc*/h = 0.8 hc* = 7.2 M

Time Period
IMPULSIVE
Time period of impulsive
Ti = (2*pi*√d/g) = 0.206 SEC.
d (deflection of tank wall on certical centre line at height h' when loaded by uni. dist. press. 'q') = P(h')^3/3EIw
= 0.0110 M
P(conc loaddue to a strip of unit width,qxhx1) = 80.3000 KN
h'=(mi/2*hi+mw'/2*h)/(mi/2+mw') = 2.9 M
mw' (mass of one tank wall perpendicular to direction of loading) = 47247.700 KG
q=(mi/2+mw')g/(B*H) = 13.400 KN/SQM
E5000*√fck = 27386127.9 KN/SQM
Iw = (1xT^3)/12 = 0.0023 m^4

CONVECTIVE
Time period of convective mode Tc= (Cc√L/g) = 2.302 SEC
Cc (from (fig. 7) IS 1893 (Part 2):2014 = 3.80 FIG.5

Design horizontal Seismic coefficient

(Ah)
IMPULSIVE
Zone factor, Z = 0.36 (Table 2, Zone III, IS1893 (part1))
Importance factor, I = 1.0 (Table 1, IS 1893 (Part 2):2014)
Response reduction factor, R = 4 (Table 3, IS 1893 (Part 2):2014)
Damping (impulsive) = 5%
Multiplying factor = 1 (Table 3, Zone III, IS1893 (part1))
T = 0.206 SECONDS
Sa/g = 2.5 (Page 13, IS1893 (part1)) GRAPH
Ahi = (ZxIxSa)/2xRxg = 0.1125 (Page 7, IS1893 (part2))

CONVECTIVE
Zone factor, Z = 0.36 (Table 3, IS1893 (part1))
Importance factor, I = 1 (Table 1, IS 1893 (Part 2):2014)
Response reduction factor, R = 4 (Table 2, IS 1893 (Part 2):2014)
Damping (Convective) = 0.5 % If time period not greater than 4
Multiplying factor 1.00 from clause 4.5.2 of IS 1893 :part 2 (If more than 4 than 1.75 used)
T = 2.302 SECONDS

Sa/g as per fig 2 = 1.2 (Fig. 2, IS1893 (part1))

Sa/g = 1.2
Ahc = (ZxIxSa)/2xRxg = 0.0540

Hydrodynamic Pressure Calculation

IMPULSIVE
Impulsive hydrodynamic pressure on wall, Piw= Qiw(y) x Ahi x ρ x g x h = 1.629 KN/SQM
Qiw(y) = 0.866(1-(y/h)^2 x tanh(0.866L/H) = 0.164 Manual
(at base of wall,y=0)
CONVECTIVE
Convective hydrodynamic pressure on wall, Pcw= Qcw(y) x Ahc x ρ x g x L = 0.011 KN/SQM
Qcw(y) = (0.41658xcosh(3.162 y/L))/cosh(3.162h/L) = 0.0057 Manual
(at base of wall,y=0)

Pressure Due to Wall Inertia

Pww = Ahi x T x ρ m x g = 1.40625 KN/SQM

Pressure Due to Vertical excitation

Pv = Av(ρ x g x H x (1-y/H)) = 6.75 KN/SQM
Av = 2/3(ZxIxSa)/(2xRxg) = 0.0750

Maximum Hydrodynamic pressure

P = √(Piw+Pww)^2 + Pcw^2 + Pv^2 = 7.401 KN/SQM
4 Design basis and design philosophy:
This design note covers the design of Pumping Station.The pumping station comprises of circular tank of 14.0m
dia.The walls are designed for -
a) Soil pressure from Outside.
b) Water pressure from inside .
The design for water retaining structural members is performed as per IS 3370 and the pump house above as
per IS 456.The ground water table considered is as per geotechnical report.

Basic Data
Grade of Concrete = 30
Grade of reinforcement Steel = 500
Ground Level Virgin (NGL) NGL = 1587.60 m
Ground Formation Level (FGL) FGL = 1587.60 m
Top Level of Well TOW = 1589.00 m
Top of raft of well TOR = 1574.50 m
Sub Soil Water Level (SSWL) SSWL = 1586.40 m
Unit weight of soil (Soil Report) ϒs = 18.00 kN/m3
Unit weight of Reinforced Concrete ϒc = 25 kN/m3
Unit weight of Water ϒw = 9.8 kN/m3
Unit weight of PCC ϒpc = 24 kN/m3
Unit weight of Steel ϒst = 78.5 kN/m3
Dia of Tank D= 14 m
Permissible Strength of Concrete σc = 2
Permissible Strength of Steel σst = 130 kN/m2
Design Coefficient j= 0.914
Clear cover to concrete = 50 mm
Surcharge pressure to be considered p= 10 kN/sqm
Minimum R/F required = 0.35 %

Uplift Check of Circular Raft:

Projection of Raft = 500 mm

Thickness of wall assumed -

Level in m Height in Wall thk in
From To m m
1589.00 1586.75 2.25 h6 0.6 t6
1586.75 1584.50 2.25 h5 0.6 t5
1584.50 1582.00 2.50 h4 0.9 t4
1582.00 1579.50 2.50 h3 0.9 t3
1579.50 1577.00 2.50 h2 1.2 t2
1577.00 1574.50 2.50 h1 1.2 t1

Weighted average thickness of wall = (h1*t1)+(h2*t2)+(h3*t3)+(h4*t4)

(h1+h2+h3+h4)
= 0.920 m
 Ht. Inner Dia Outer Dia (m) (Inner Volume Density
Item Nos. Wt. (kN)
(m) (m) dia+2*Avg. Thk.) (cum) (kN/cum)
Wall W1 14.50 14.000 15.840 625.28 25 1 15632.04
Dia (m)
Ht. Volume Density
(inner dia of tank Nos. Wt. (kN)
(m) (cum) (kN/cum)
+2*t1+2*projection)
Raft 1.800 17.4 428.02 25 1 10700.45
Ht. Dia (m) Volume Density
Nos. Wt. (kN)
(m) (inner dia of tank) (cum) (kN/cum)
Curb Wt. 1.50 14 32.99 25 1 824.67
Plug Wt. 3.50 14.60 585.96 24 1 14062.93
Ht. Volume Density
L (m) B (m) Nos. Wt. (kN)
(m) (cum) (kN/cum)
Column 21.5 0.45 0.45 4.35 25 2 217.69
Beam TB1 0.60 28 0.35 5.88 25 1 147.00
Beam TB2 0.60 7.5 0.35 1.58 25 8 315.00
Slab 0.25 14 7 24.50 25 1 612.50
Total Wt. 42512.27

Area of raft = 237.79 sqm

Depth of water = 15.20 m
Water load from raft bottom = 35420.86 kN
FOS against uplift = 1.200 OK

Circular Raft Design :

Depth of water upto raft bottom (FGL-SSWL+Raft Thk) h= 15.20 m

Pressure intensity h*ϒw = 149.0 kN/m2
Wt of Bottom Raft raft Thk.*ϒc = 45.0 kN/m2
Net upward load on raft (w) (Pressure Int.- Wt. of bot. raft) = 104.0 kN/m2
dia of raft (Incl. wall) = 17.40 m
Radius, R= 8.7 m
Moment at center (Fixed Edge) =wR^2/16 M1 = 491.80 KNm
Moment at edges (Fixed Edges) =wR^2/8 M2 = 983.59 KNm
Thickness required, d = (BM*10^6*6/σc*1000)^0.5 1768 mm
Provide 1800 mm
OK
Reinforcement required, Ast = BM*10^6/(σst*j*d) 4599 mm2
Minimum reinforcement (as per IS:3370 Part 1) 4320 mm2
Design Ast (on each face) 4599 mm2
Using dia 25 mm
Spacing Required 107 mm2
Spacing Provided 100 mm
OK
Plug :
Plug is made of PCC having strength (Min. cement content 330kg/cum) 15 N/mm2
Level at top of plug 1572.70 m
Proposing PCC M15 Plug
Water height above top of plug Hw = 13.70 m
Thickness required considering gravitional load only (Hw*water density/(conc. 9.79 m
Density-water density) =
Consider flexure strength of concrete also
Concrete shall be placed under water ,hence considering characteristics 7.50 N/m2
Strength at 7 days ; 2/3rd of Characteristic compressive strength 5.00 N/m2
Fcr = 0.7*sqrt(conc. Density) 1.57 N/m2
Factor of safety 3.00
Now ,Fcr/Factor of safety 0.52 N/m2
Consider thickness of plug Tp = 3.50 m
Upward Pressure intensity at bottom of plug (Pp) = (Hw+Tp)*ϒw 172 KN/m2
Downward load (Dp) Tp*ϒpc = 84 KN/m2
Unbalanced upward force (p) = Pp-Dp = 88 KN/m2

Radial and circumferential moment

Bending Moment = (3/16)*p*R2 808.50 KNm
3
Modulus of section (z) = (1/6)*bd2 2041666667 mm
Flexure stress=BM*1000*1000/Z 0.40 N/mm2
OK
Well Curb
Material as RCC M30
Dimensions shown on sketch
Cross sectional area 1.088 m2
Total area of reinforcement in curb is proposed as 0.92% out of which 0.72% as hoop bars and
Hoop bars area required 7830 mm2
No of hoops required of 20 dia bars 24.92 nos.
Provide 25 nos.
OK
Provide 12 dia stirrups
Total length of each stirrups 2400 mm
Link bar-1 650 mm
Link bar-2 575 mm
Link bar-3 500 mm
Link bar-4 425 mm
Link bar-5 350 mm
Link bar-6 250 mm

Total length of transverse reinforcement 5150 mm

Volume of each set of stirrup and link barsstirrup (Total length of rebar*area of 582156 mm3
Volume of Curb per m length 1.0875 m3
Volume of transverse reinforcement required/m 2175000 mm2
Spacing required 250 mm
Stirrups provided at a Spacing of 225 mm
OK
Bearing Pressure check :
Total Self Weight = SW 42512.27 kN
Height of water hw 13.10 m
Water Weight = WW 19762.61 kN
Total Weight = TW = SW+WW 62274.88 kN
Area of raft = Ar 237.79 sqm
Actual Bearing pressure = TW/Ar 261.89 kN/sqm
Water level from NGL = 2.40 M
Net Safe Bearing Capacity = 70 kN/sqm
Gross bearing Pressure = 262.20 kN/sqm
OK
5.0 Design of Wall W1 1200 thk wall

Load Case 1 - Tank full with No Soil Outside:

Inputs
Ultimate tensile strength in reinforcement steel = 500 N/mm2
Characteristic Compressive Strength of Concrete fck = 30 N/mm2
Design Coefficients:-
xumax/d = 0.456
j= 0.808
R= 3.99
Clear Cover to Concrete, Cmin = 50 mm
Water Density ϒw = 9.8 kN/cum
Assuming thickness of Wall, D = 1200 mm

Factored vertical Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 448.00 kNm/m

Factored Horizontal Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 308.00 kNm/m
Dia o tank D = 14.0 m
Height Considered = 14.50 m
Factored Hoop Stress T=ϒw*H*D/2*1.5 = 1.49 N/sqmm
Factored Shear Stress (From Staad Analysis) = 0.360 N/sqmm

Water face:-
Factored vertical moment = 448.00 kN-m
Factored Horizontal moment = 308.00 kN-m
Hoop tension = 1492.05 kN/m

Depth required = sqrt(M/0.133fck*b) = 335.08 mm

Provided depth = 1200 mm
Effective depth , d = 1122 mm OK
Min. R/F required = 0.35 % Condition 1 - 0.24% for structure having dimension < 15 m
Condition 2 - 0.35% for Structure other than condition 1
Depth of surface zone = 250 mm
Reinforcement required in Vertical direction
Required 16 mm dia @ 177 mm c/c = 1135.34 mm2
Provided 16 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c + 16 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c = 2679.47 mm2 OK

Reinforcement required in horizontal direction (Max of Reinforcement reqd due to moment or Hoop Tension)
Required 20 mm dia @ 105 mm c/c = 2984.10 mm2
Provided 20 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c = 3140.00 mm2 OK

Shear Check
2
Calculated shear stress, τv = 0.360 N/mm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.239 %
2
Permissible shear stress, τc = 0.362 N/mm OK
(From Table - 19 of IS 456 : 2000 )

Check for Cracking (For Vertical Direction)

Flexural Cracking

Unfactored Moment, M = 298.667 kN-m

Reinforcement Diameter = 16 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 75 mm
Effective depth, d = 1122.0 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 1200.0 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 2679.5 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.4 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.0 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.0 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.3
Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm
Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.
Using Modular Theory for Bending ,

Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 213.2 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 106.06 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.000576
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.000000

Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000576 + 0 = 0.000576

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000666

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.000

and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.002

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of 0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.000666
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = -0.000091
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 78.55 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = -0.020 mm OK

Check for Cracking (For Horizontal Direction)

Flexural Cracking
Unfactored Moment, M = 205.33 kN-m
Unfactored Direct Tension, T = 994.70 kN
Reinforcement Diameter = 20 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 100 mm
Effective depth, d = 1122.00 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 1200.00 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 3140.00 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.39 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.00 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.00 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.33

Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 228.81 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 62.53 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.0003400
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.00158
Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000340 + 0.0015839 = 0.0019239

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0005605

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.0019
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.0013
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.0020

Therefore the dominant effect is Tension.

For a crack width of
0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.0012739
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = 0.00065
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 82.65 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = 0.151 mm OK

 Design of Wall W1 1200 thk wall

Load Case 2 - Tank empty with water Outside

Inputs
Ultimate tensile strength in reinforcement steel = 500 N/mm2
Characteristic Compressive Strength of Concrete fck = 30 N/mm2
Design Coefficients:-
xumax/d = 0.456
j= 0.808
R= 3.99
Clear Cover to Concrete, Cmin = 50 mm
Water Density ϒw = 9.8 kN/cum
Assuming thickness of Wall, D = 1200 mm

Factored vertical Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 261.00 kNm/m

Maximum Factored Horizontal Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 250.00 kNm/m
Factored Shear Stress (From Staad Analysis) = 0.277 N/sqmm

Soil face:-
Factored vertical moment = 261.00 kN-m
Factored Horizontal moment = 250.00 kN-m
Hoop tension = 0.50 kN/m
Depth required = sqrt(M/0.133fck*b) = 255.76 mm
Provided depth = 1200 mm
Effective depth , d = 1117 mm OK
Min. R/F required = 0.35 % Condition 1 - 0.24% for structure having dimension < 15 m
Condition 2 - 0.35% for Structure other than condition 1
Depth of surface zone = 250 mm
Reinforcement required in Vertical direction
Required 16 mm dia @ 230 mm c/c = 875.00 mm2
Provided 16 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c = 1339.73 mm2 OK

Reinforcement required in horizontal direction

Required 25 mm dia @ 85 mm c/c = 5747.13 mm2
Provided 25 mm dia @ 80 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 80 mm c/c = 6132.81 mm2 OK

Shear Check
2
Calculated shear stress, τv = 0.277 N/mm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.549 %
2
Permissible shear stress, τc = 0.516 N/mm OK
(From Table - 19 of IS 456 : 2000 )

Check for Cracking (For Vertical Direction)

Flexural Cracking

Unfactored Moment, M = 174.000 kN-m

Reinforcement Diameter = 16 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 150 mm
Effective depth, d = 1117.0 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 1200.0 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 1339.7 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.4 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.0 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.0 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.3
Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 155.1 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 121.92 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.000662
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.000000

Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000662 + 0 = 0.000662

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.001412

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.000

and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.002

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of 0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.001412
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = -0.000750
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 103.87 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = -0.212 mm OK

Check for Cracking (For Horizontal Direction)

Flexural Cracking
Unfactored Moment, M = 166.67 kN-m
Unfactored Direct Tension, T = 0.33 kN
Reinforcement Diameter = 25 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 80 mm
Effective depth, d = 1117.00 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 1200.00 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 6132.81 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.39 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.00 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.00 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.33

Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 304.91 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 26.76 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.0001475
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.00000
Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000148 + 0.0000003 = 0.0001478

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0002681

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.0000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.0000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.0020

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of
0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.0002681
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = -0.00012
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 79.64 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = -0.027 mm OK

 Design of Wall W1 900 thk wall

Load Case 1 - Tank full with No Soil Outside:

Inputs
Ultimate tensile strength in reinforcement steel = 500 N/mm2
Characteristic Compressive Strength of Concrete fck = 30 N/mm2
Design Coefficients:-
xumax/d = 0.456
j= 0.808
R= 3.99
Clear Cover to Concrete, Cmin = 50 mm
Water Density ϒw = 9.8 kN/cum
Assuming thickness of Wall, D = 900 mm

Factored vertical Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 350.00 kNm/m

Factored Horizontal Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 365.00 kNm/m
Dia o tank D = 14.0 m
Height Considered = 9.50 m
Factored Hoop Stress T=ϒw*H*D/2*1.5 = 0.98 N/sqmm
Factored Shear Stress (From Staad Analysis) = 0.375 N/sqmm

Water face:-
Factored vertical moment = 350.00 kN-m
Factored Horizontal moment = 365.00 kN-m
Hoop tension = 977.55 kN/m

Depth required = sqrt(M/0.133fck*b) = 296.17 mm

Provided depth = 900 mm
Effective depth , d = 822 mm OK
Min. R/F required = 0.35 % Condition 1 - 0.24% for structure having dimension < 15 m
Condition 2 - 0.35% for Structure other than condition 1
Depth of surface zone = 250 mm
Reinforcement required in Vertical direction
Required 16 mm dia @ 166 mm c/c = 1210.70 mm2
Provided 16 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c + 16 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c = 2679.47 mm2 OK

Reinforcement required in horizontal direction (Max of Reinforcement reqd due to moment or Hoop Tension)
Required 20 mm dia @ 161 mm c/c = 1955.10 mm2
Provided 20 mm dia @ 125 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 125 mm c/c = 2512.00 mm2 OK

Shear Check
2
Calculated shear stress, τv = 0.375 N/mm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.326 %
2
Permissible shear stress, τc = 0.414 N/mm OK
(From Table - 19 of IS 456 : 2000 )

Check for Cracking (For Vertical Direction)

Flexural Cracking

Unfactored Moment, M = 233.333 kN-m

Reinforcement Diameter = 16 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 75 mm
Effective depth, d = 822.0 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 900.0 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 2679.5 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.4 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.0 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.0 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.3
Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm
Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.
Using Modular Theory for Bending ,

Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 179.3 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 114.25 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.000641
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.000000

Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000641 + 0 = 0.000641

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000503

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.000

and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.002

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of 0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.000503
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = 0.000138
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 78.55 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = 0.030 mm OK

Check for Cracking (For Horizontal Direction)

Flexural Cracking
Unfactored Moment, M = 243.33 kN-m
Unfactored Direct Tension, T = 651.70 kN
Reinforcement Diameter = 20 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 125 mm
Effective depth, d = 822.00 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 900.00 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 2512.00 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.39 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.00 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.00 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.33

Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 174.28 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 126.81 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.0007104
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.00130
Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000710 + 0.0012972 = 0.0020076

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0005395

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.0018
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.0012
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.0020

Therefore the dominant effect is Tension.

For a crack width of
0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.0011943
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = 0.00081
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 89.95 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = 0.198 mm OK

 Design of Wall W1 900 thk wall

Load Case 2 - Tank empty with water Outside

Inputs
Ultimate tensile strength in reinforcement steel = 500 N/mm2
Characteristic Compressive Strength of Concrete fck = 30 N/mm2
Design Coefficients:-
xumax/d = 0.456
j= 0.808
R= 3.99
Clear Cover to Concrete, Cmin = 50 mm
Water Density ϒw = 9.8 kN/cum
Assuming thickness of Wall, D = 900 mm

Factored vertical Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 250.00 kNm/m

Maximum Factored Horizontal Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 167.00 kNm/m
Factored Shear Stress (From Staad Analysis) = 0.264 N/sqmm

Soil face:-
Factored vertical moment = 250.00 kN-m
Factored Horizontal moment = 167.00 kN-m
Hoop tension = 0.50 kN/m
Depth required = sqrt(M/0.133fck*b) = 250.31 mm
Provided depth = 900 mm
Effective depth , d = 822 mm OK
Min. R/F required = 0.35 % Condition 1 - 0.24% for structure having dimension < 15 m
Condition 2 - 0.35% for Structure other than condition 1
Depth of surface zone = 250 mm
Reinforcement required in Vertical direction
Required 16 mm dia @ 230 mm c/c = 875.00 mm2
Provided 16 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c = 1339.73 mm2 OK

Reinforcement required in horizontal direction

Required 20 mm dia @ 82 mm c/c = 3839.08 mm2
Provided 20 mm dia @ 80 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 80 mm c/c = 3925.00 mm2 OK

Shear Check
2
Calculated shear stress, τv = 0.264 N/mm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.477 %
2
Permissible shear stress, τc = 0.487 N/mm OK
(From Table - 19 of IS 456 : 2000 )

Check for Cracking (For Vertical Direction)

Flexural Cracking

Unfactored Moment, M = 166.667 kN-m

Reinforcement Diameter = 16 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 150 mm
Effective depth, d = 822.0 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 900.0 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 1339.7 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.4 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.0 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.0 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.3
Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 131.4 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 159.86 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.000890
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.000000

Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000890 + 0 = 0.000890

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.001064

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.000

and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.002

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of 0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.001064
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = -0.000175
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 100.21 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = -0.046 mm OK

Check for Cracking (For Horizontal Direction)

Flexural Cracking
Unfactored Moment, M = 111.33 kN-m
Unfactored Direct Tension, T = 0.33 kN
Reinforcement Diameter = 20 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 80 mm
Effective depth, d = 822.00 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 900.00 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 3925.00 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.39 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.00 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.00 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.33

Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 211.49 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 37.74 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.0002128
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.00000
Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000213 + 0.0000004 = 0.0002133

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0003297

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.0000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.0000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.0020

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of
0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.0003297
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = -0.00012
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 77.66 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = -0.025 mm OK

 Design of Wall W1 600 thk wall

Load Case 1 - Tank full with No Soil Outside:

Inputs
Ultimate tensile strength in reinforcement steel = 500 N/mm2
Characteristic Compressive Strength of Concrete fck = 30 N/mm2
Design Coefficients:-
xumax/d = 0.456
j= 0.808
R= 3.99
Clear Cover to Concrete, Cmin = 50 mm
Water Density ϒw = 9.8 kN/cum
Assuming thickness of Wall, D = 600 mm

Factored vertical Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 82.00 kNm/m

Factored Horizontal Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 185.00 kNm/m
Dia o tank D = 14.0 m
Height Considered = 4.50 m
Factored Hoop Stress T=ϒw*H*D/2*1.5 = 0.46 N/sqmm
Factored Shear Stress (From Staad Analysis) = 0.255 N/sqmm

Water face:-
Factored vertical moment = 82.00 kN-m
Factored Horizontal moment = 185.00 kN-m
Hoop tension = 463.05 kN/m

Depth required = sqrt(M/0.133fck*b) = 143.36 mm

Provided depth = 600 mm
Effective depth , d = 528 mm OK
Min. R/F required = 0.35 % Condition 1 - 0.24% for structure having dimension < 15 m
Condition 2 - 0.35% for Structure other than condition 1
Depth of surface zone = 250 mm
Reinforcement required in Vertical direction
Required 12 mm dia @ 129 mm c/c = 875.00 mm2
Provided 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c + 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c = 1507.20 mm2 OK

Reinforcement required in horizontal direction (Max of Reinforcement reqd due to moment or Hoop Tension)
Required 16 mm dia @ 202 mm c/c = 996.28 mm2
Provided 16 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c = 1339.73 mm2 OK

Shear Check
2
Calculated shear stress, τv = 0.255 N/mm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.285 %
2
Permissible shear stress, τc = 0.391 N/mm OK
(From Table - 19 of IS 456 : 2000 )

Check for Cracking (For Vertical Direction)

Flexural Cracking

Unfactored Moment, M = 54.667 kN-m

Reinforcement Diameter = 12 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 75 mm
Effective depth, d = 528.0 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 600.0 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 1507.2 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.4 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.0 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.0 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.3
Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm
Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.
Using Modular Theory for Bending ,

Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 108.6 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 73.75 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.000432
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.000000

Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000432 + 0 = 0.000432

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000637

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.000

and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.002

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of 0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.000637
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = -0.000205
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 75.18 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = -0.042 mm OK

Check for Cracking (For Horizontal Direction)

Flexural Cracking
Unfactored Moment, M = 123.33 kN-m
Unfactored Direct Tension, T = 308.70 kN
Reinforcement Diameter = 16 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 150 mm
Effective depth, d = 528.00 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 600.00 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 1339.73 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.39 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.00 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.00 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.33

Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 103.08 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 186.49 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.0010904
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.00115
Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.001090 + 0.0011521 = 0.0022425

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0007229

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.0022
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.0015
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.0020

Therefore the dominant effect is Tension.

For a crack width of
0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.0014928
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = 0.00075
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 95.97 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = 0.182 mm OK

 Design of Wall W1 600 thk wall

Load Case 2 - Tank empty with water Outside

Inputs
Ultimate tensile strength in reinforcement steel = 500 N/mm2
Characteristic Compressive Strength of Concrete fck = 30 N/mm2
Design Coefficients:-
xumax/d = 0.456
j= 0.808
R= 3.99
Clear Cover to Concrete, Cmin = 50 mm
Water Density ϒw = 9.8 kN/cum
Assuming thickness of Wall, D = 600 mm

Factored vertical Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 85.00 kNm/m

Maximum Factored Horizontal Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 126.00 kNm/m
Factored Shear Stress (From Staad Analysis) = 0.234 N/sqmm

Soil face:-
Factored vertical moment = 85.00 kN-m
Factored Horizontal moment = 126.00 kN-m
Hoop tension = 0.50 kN/m
Depth required = sqrt(M/0.133fck*b) = 145.96 mm
Provided depth = 600 mm
Effective depth , d = 522 mm OK
Min. R/F required = 0.35 % Condition 1 - 0.24% for structure having dimension < 15 m
Condition 2 - 0.35% for Structure other than condition 1
Depth of surface zone = 250 mm
Reinforcement required in Vertical direction
Required 16 mm dia @ 230 mm c/c = 875.00 mm2
Provided 16 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c = 1339.73 mm2 OK

Reinforcement required in horizontal direction

Required 20 mm dia @ 108 mm c/c = 2896.55 mm2
Provided 20 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 300 mm c/c = 3140.00 mm2 OK

Shear Check
2
Calculated shear stress, τv = 0.234 N/mm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.602 %
2
Permissible shear stress, τc = 0.536 N/mm OK
(From Table - 19 of IS 456 : 2000 )

Check for Cracking (For Vertical Direction)

Flexural Cracking

Unfactored Moment, M = 56.667 kN-m

Reinforcement Diameter = 16 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 150 mm
Effective depth, d = 522.0 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 600.0 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 1339.7 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.4 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.0 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.0 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.3
Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 102.4 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 86.70 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.000514
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.000000

Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000514 + 0 = 0.000514

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000734

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.000

and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.002

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of 0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.000734
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = -0.000220
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 100.21 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = -0.055 mm OK

Check for Cracking (For Horizontal Direction)

Flexural Cracking
Unfactored Moment, M = 84.00 kN-m
Unfactored Direct Tension, T = 0.33 kN
Reinforcement Diameter = 20 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 100 mm
Effective depth, d = 522.00 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 600.00 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 3140.00 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.39 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.00 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.00 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.33

Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 148.05 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 56.60 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.0003420
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.00000
Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000342 + 0.0000005 = 0.0003426

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0002899

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.0000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.0000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.0020

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of
0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.0002899
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = 0.00005
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 82.65 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = 0.011 mm OK

6.0 Design of wall W2 - 600 Thk wall

Load Case 1 - Tank full with No Soil Outside:

Inputs
Ultimate tensile strength in reinforcement steel = 500 N/mm2
Characteristic Compressive Strength of Concrete fck = 30 N/mm2
Design Coefficients:-
xumax/d = 0.456
j= 0.808
R= 3.99
Clear Cover to Concrete, Cmin = 50 mm
Water Density ϒw = 10 kN/cum
Assuming thickness of Wall, D = 600 mm

Factored vertical Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 170.00 kNm/m

Factored Horizontal Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 225.00 kNm/m
Factored Shear Stress (From Staad Analysis) = 0.485 N/sqmm

Factored vertical moment = 170.00 kN-m

Factored Horizontal moment = 225.00 kN-m
Depth required = sqrt(M/0.133fck*b) = 206.41 mm
Provided depth = 600 mm
Effective depth , d = 526 mm OK
Min. R/F required = 0.35 % Condition 1 - 0.24% for structure having dimension < 15 m
Condition 2 - 0.35% for Structure other than condition 1
Depth of surface zone = 250 mm
Reinforcement required in Vertical direction
Required 16 mm dia @ 219 mm c/c = 918.98 mm2
Provided 16 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c + 16 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c = 2679.47 mm2 OK

Reinforcement required in horizontal direction `

Required 16 mm dia @ 165 mm c/c = 1216.29 mm2
Provided 16 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c = 1339.73 mm2 OK

Shear Check
2
Calculated shear stress, τv = 0.485 N/mm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.509 %
2
Permissible shear stress, τc = 0.501 N/mm OK
(From Table - 19 of IS 456 : 2000 )

Check for Cracking (For Vertical Direction)

Flexural Cracking

Unfactored Moment, M = 113.333 kN-m

Reinforcement Diameter = 16 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 75 mm
Effective depth, d = 526.0 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 600.0 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 2679.5 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.4 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.0 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.0 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.3
Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,

Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 139.1 mm

 2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 88.19 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.000525
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.000000

Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000525 + 0 = 0.000525

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000342

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.000

and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.002

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of 0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.000342
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = 0.000184
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 74.96 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = 0.037 mm OK

Check for Cracking (For Horizontal Direction)

Flexural Cracking
Unfactored Moment, M = 150.00 kN-m
Reinforcement Diameter = 16 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 150 mm
Effective depth, d = 526.00 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 600.00 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 1339.73 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.39 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.00 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.00 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.33

Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 102.87 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 227.70 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.0013376
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.00000
Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.001338 + 0.0000000 = 0.0013376

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0007266

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.0000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.0000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.0020

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of
0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.0007266
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = 0.00061
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 97.36 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = 0.150 mm OK

 Design of Wall W2 600 thk wall

Load Case 2 - Tank empty with water Outside

Inputs
Ultimate tensile strength in reinforcement steel = 500 N/mm2
Characteristic Compressive Strength of Concrete fck = 30 N/mm2
Design Coefficients:-
xumax/d = 0.456
j= 0.808
R= 3.99
Clear Cover to Concrete, Cmin = 50 mm
Water Density ϒw = 9.8 kN/cum
Assuming thickness of Wall, D = 600 mm

Factored vertical Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 121.00 kNm/m

Maximum Factored Horizontal Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 160.00 kNm/m
Factored Shear Stress (From Staad Analysis) = 0.575 N/sqmm

Soil face:-
Factored vertical moment = 121.00 kN-m
Factored Horizontal moment = 160.00 kN-m
Hoop tension = 0.50 kN/m
Depth required = sqrt(M/0.133fck*b) = 174.14 mm
Provided depth = 600 mm
Effective depth , d = 528 mm OK
Min. R/F required = 0.35 % Condition 1 - 0.24% for structure having dimension < 15 m
Condition 2 - 0.35% for Structure other than condition 1
Depth of surface zone = 250 mm
Reinforcement required in Vertical direction
Required 12 mm dia @ 129 mm c/c = 875.00 mm2
Provided 12 mm dia @ 125 mm c/c + 12 mm dia @ 125 mm c/c = 1808.64 mm2 OK

Reinforcement required in horizontal direction

Required 16 mm dia @ 55 mm c/c = 3678.16 mm2
Provided 16 mm dia @ 80 mm c/c + 12 mm dia @ 80 mm c/c = 3925.00 mm2 OK

Shear Check
2
Calculated shear stress, τv = 0.575 N/mm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.743 %
2
Permissible shear stress, τc = 0.584 N/mm OK
(From Table - 19 of IS 456 : 2000 )

Check for Cracking (For Vertical Direction)

Flexural Cracking

Unfactored Moment, M = 80.667 kN-m

Reinforcement Diameter = 12 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 63 mm
Effective depth, d = 528.0 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 600.0 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 1808.6 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.4 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.0 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.0 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.3
Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 117.7 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 91.25 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.000536
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.000000

Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000536 + 0 = 0.000536

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000522

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.000

and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.002

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of 0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.000522
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = 0.000014
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 72.49 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = 0.003 mm OK

Check for Cracking (For Horizontal Direction)

Flexural Cracking
Unfactored Moment, M = 106.67 kN-m
Unfactored Direct Tension, T = 0.33 kN
Reinforcement Diameter = 16 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 80 mm
Effective depth, d = 528.00 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 600.00 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 3925.00 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.39 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.00 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.00 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.33

Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 163.43 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 57.39 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.0003436
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.00000
Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000344 + 0.0000004 = 0.0003441

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0002220

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.0000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.0000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.0020

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of
0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.0002220
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = 0.00012
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 74.37 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = 0.024 mm OK

Design of wall W2 - 500 Thk wall

Load Case 1 - Tank full with No Soil Outside:

Inputs
Ultimate tensile strength in reinforcement steel = 500 N/mm2
Characteristic Compressive Strength of Concrete fck = 30 N/mm2
Design Coefficients:-
xumax/d = 0.456
j= 0.808
R= 3.99
Clear Cover to Concrete, Cmin = 50 mm
Water Density ϒw = 10 kN/cum
Assuming thickness of Wall, D = 500 mm

Factored vertical Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 33.00 kNm/m

Factored Horizontal Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 185.00 kNm/m
Factored Shear Stress (From Staad Analysis) = 0.475 N/sqmm

Factored vertical moment = 33.00 kN-m

Factored Horizontal moment = 185.00 kN-m
Depth required = sqrt(M/0.133fck*b) = 90.94 mm
Provided depth = 500 mm
Effective depth , d = 426 mm OK
Min. R/F required = 0.35 % Condition 1 - 0.24% for structure having dimension < 15 m
Condition 2 - 0.35% for Structure other than condition 1
Depth of surface zone = 250 mm
Reinforcement required in Vertical direction
Required 16 mm dia @ 230 mm c/c = 875.00 mm2
Provided 16 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c + 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c = 2093.33 mm2 OK

Reinforcement required in horizontal direction `

Required 16 mm dia @ 163 mm c/c = 1234.82 mm2
Provided 16 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c = 1339.73 mm2 OK

Shear Check
2
Calculated shear stress, τv = 0.475 N/mm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.491 %
2
Permissible shear stress, τc = 0.493 N/mm OK
(From Table - 19 of IS 456 : 2000 )

Check for Cracking (For Vertical Direction)

Flexural Cracking

Unfactored Moment, M = 22.000 kN-m

Reinforcement Diameter = 12 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 75 mm
Effective depth, d = 426.0 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 500.0 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 2093.3 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.4 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.0 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.0 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.3
Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,

Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 111.0 mm

 2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 27.02 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.000167
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.000000

Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000167 + 0 = 0.000167

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000383

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.000

and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.002

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of 0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.000383
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = -0.000216
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 76.96 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = -0.044 mm OK

Check for Cracking (For Horizontal Direction)

Flexural Cracking
Unfactored Moment, M = 123.33 kN-m
Reinforcement Diameter = 16 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 150 mm
Effective depth, d = 426.00 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 500.00 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 1339.73 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.39 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.00 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.00 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.33

Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 91.47 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 232.76 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.0014212
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.00000
Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.001421 + 0.0000000 = 0.0014212

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0006206

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.0000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.0000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.0020

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of
0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.0006206
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = 0.00080
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 97.36 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = 0.190 mm OK

 Design of Wall W2 500 thk wall

Load Case 2 - Tank empty with water Outside

Inputs
Ultimate tensile strength in reinforcement steel = 500 N/mm2
Characteristic Compressive Strength of Concrete fck = 30 N/mm2
Design Coefficients:-
xumax/d = 0.456
j= 0.808
R= 3.99
Clear Cover to Concrete, Cmin = 50 mm
Water Density ϒw = 9.8 kN/cum
Assuming thickness of Wall, D = 500 mm

Factored vertical Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 96.00 kNm/m

Maximum Factored Horizontal Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 113.00 kNm/m
Factored Shear Stress (From Staad Analysis) = 0.534 N/sqmm

Soil face:-
Factored vertical moment = 96.00 kN-m
Factored Horizontal moment = 113.00 kN-m
Hoop tension = 0.50 kN/m
Depth required = sqrt(M/0.133fck*b) = 155.11 mm
Provided depth = 500 mm
Effective depth , d = 428 mm OK
Min. R/F required = 0.24 % Condition 1 - 0.24% for structure having dimension < 15 m
Condition 2 - 0.35% for Structure other than condition 1
Depth of surface zone = 250 mm
Reinforcement required in Vertical direction
Required 12 mm dia @ 177 mm c/c = 637.78 mm2
Provided 12 mm dia @ 125 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 125 mm c/c = 904.32 mm2 OK

Reinforcement required in horizontal direction

Required 16 mm dia @ 77 mm c/c = 2597.70 mm2
Provided 16 mm dia @ 80 mm c/c + 12 mm dia @ 80 mm c/c = 3925.00 mm2 OK

Shear Check
2
Calculated shear stress, τv = 0.534 N/mm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.917 %
2
Permissible shear stress, τc = 0.634 N/mm OK
(From Table - 19 of IS 456 : 2000 )

Check for Cracking (For Vertical Direction)

Flexural Cracking

Unfactored Moment, M = 64.000 kN-m

Reinforcement Diameter = 12 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 125 mm
Effective depth, d = 428.0 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 500.0 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 904.3 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.4 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.0 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.0 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.3
Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 77.0 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 175.90 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.001060
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.000000

Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.001060 + 0 = 0.001060

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000940

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.000

and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.002

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of 0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.000940
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = 0.000120
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 89.34 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = 0.027 mm OK

Check for Cracking (For Horizontal Direction)

Flexural Cracking
Unfactored Moment, M = 75.33 kN-m
Unfactored Direct Tension, T = 0.33 kN
Reinforcement Diameter = 16 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 80 mm
Effective depth, d = 428.00 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 500.00 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 3925.00 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.39 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.00 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.00 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.33

Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 144.20 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 50.52 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.0003167
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.00000
Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000317 + 0.0000004 = 0.0003171

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0001894

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.0000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.0000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.0020

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of
0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.0001894
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = 0.00013
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 74.37 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = 0.025 mm OK

Design of wall W2 - 400 Thk wall

Load Case 1 - Tank full with No Soil Outside:

Inputs
Ultimate tensile strength in reinforcement steel = 500 N/mm2
Characteristic Compressive Strength of Concrete fck = 30 N/mm2
Design Coefficients:-
xumax/d = 0.456
j= 0.808
R= 3.99
Clear Cover to Concrete, Cmin = 50 mm
Water Density ϒw = 10 kN/cum
Assuming thickness of Wall, D = 400 mm

Factored vertical Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 22.00 kNm/m

Factored Horizontal Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 122.00 kNm/m
Factored Shear Stress (From Staad Analysis) = 0.365 N/sqmm

Factored vertical moment = 22.00 kN-m

Factored Horizontal moment = 122.00 kN-m
Depth required = sqrt(M/0.133fck*b) = 74.25 mm
Provided depth = 400 mm
Effective depth , d = 332 mm OK
Min. R/F required = 0.35 % Condition 1 - 0.24% for structure having dimension < 15 m
Condition 2 - 0.35% for Structure other than condition 1
Depth of surface zone = 200 mm
Reinforcement required in Vertical direction
Required 12 mm dia @ 161 mm c/c = 700.00 mm2
Provided 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c + 10 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c = 1276.93 mm2 OK

Reinforcement required in horizontal direction `

Required 12 mm dia @ 108 mm c/c = 1044.87 mm2
Provided 12 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c = 1130.40 mm2 OK

Shear Check
2
Calculated shear stress, τv = 0.365 N/mm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.385 %
2
Permissible shear stress, τc = 0.445 N/mm OK
(From Table - 19 of IS 456 : 2000 )

Check for Cracking (For Vertical Direction)

Flexural Cracking

Unfactored Moment, M = 14.667 kN-m

Reinforcement Diameter = 10 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 75 mm
Effective depth, d = 332.0 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 400.0 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 1276.9 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.4 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.0 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.0 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.3
Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,

Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 77.8 mm

 2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 37.53 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.000238
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.000000

Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000238 + 0 = 0.000238

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000533

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.000

and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.002

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of 0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.000533
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = -0.000295
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 72.65 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = -0.056 mm OK

Check for Cracking (For Horizontal Direction)

Flexural Cracking
Unfactored Moment, M = 81.33 kN-m
Reinforcement Diameter = 12 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 100 mm
Effective depth, d = 332.00 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 400.00 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 1130.40 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.39 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.00 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.00 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.33

Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 73.81 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 234.07 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.0014786
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.00000
Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.001479 + 0.0000000 = 0.0014786

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0006076

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.0000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.0000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.0020

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of
0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.0006076
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = 0.00087
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 78.40 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = 0.174 mm OK

 Design of Wall W2 400 thk wall

Load Case 2 - Tank empty with water Outside

Inputs
Ultimate tensile strength in reinforcement steel = 500 N/mm2
Characteristic Compressive Strength of Concrete fck = 30 N/mm2
Design Coefficients:-
xumax/d = 0.456
j= 0.808
R= 3.99
Clear Cover to Concrete, Cmin = 50 mm
Water Density ϒw = 9.8 kN/cum
Assuming thickness of Wall, D = 400 mm

Factored vertical Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 22.00 kNm/m

Maximum Factored Horizontal Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 49.00 kNm/m
Factored Shear Stress (From Staad Analysis) = 0.162 N/sqmm

Soil face:-
Factored vertical moment = 22.00 kN-m
Factored Horizontal moment = 49.00 kN-m
Hoop tension = 0.50 kN/m
Depth required = sqrt(M/0.133fck*b) = 74.25 mm
Provided depth = 400 mm
Effective depth , d = 332 mm OK
Min. R/F required = 0.35 % Condition 1 - 0.24% for structure having dimension < 15 m
Condition 2 - 0.35% for Structure other than condition 1
Depth of surface zone = 200 mm
Reinforcement required in Vertical direction
Required 12 mm dia @ 161 mm c/c = 700.00 mm2
Provided 12 mm dia @ 125 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 125 mm c/c = 904.32 mm2 OK

Reinforcement required in horizontal direction

Required 12 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c = 1126.44 mm2
Provided 12 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 300 mm c/c = 1130.40 mm2 OK

Shear Check
2
Calculated shear stress, τv = 0.162 N/mm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.340 %
2
Permissible shear stress, τc = 0.422 N/mm OK
(From Table - 19 of IS 456 : 2000 )

Check for Cracking (For Vertical Direction)

Flexural Cracking

Unfactored Moment, M = 14.667 kN-m

Reinforcement Diameter = 12 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 125 mm
Effective depth, d = 332.0 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 400.0 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 904.3 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.4 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.0 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.0 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.3
Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 66.9 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 52.37 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.000329
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.000000

Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000329 + 0 = 0.000329

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000771

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.000

and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.002

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of 0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.000771
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = -0.000442
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 86.36 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = -0.094 mm OK

Check for Cracking (For Horizontal Direction)

Flexural Cracking
Unfactored Moment, M = 32.67 kN-m
Unfactored Direct Tension, T = 0.33 kN
Reinforcement Diameter = 12 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 100 mm
Effective depth, d = 332.00 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 400.00 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 1130.40 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.39 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.00 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.00 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.33

Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 73.81 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 94.01 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.0005938
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.00000
Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000594 + 0.0000015 = 0.0005953

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0006076

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.0000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.0000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.0020

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of
0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.0006076
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = -0.00001
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 78.40 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = -0.002 mm OK

7.0 Design of wall W3 - 600 Thk wall

Load Case 1 - Tank full with No Soil Outside:

Inputs
Ultimate tensile strength in reinforcement steel = 500 N/mm2
Characteristic Compressive Strength of Concrete fck = 30 N/mm2
Design Coefficients:-
xumax/d = 0.456
j= 0.808
R= 3.99
Clear Cover to Concrete, Cmin = 50 mm
Water Density ϒw = 10 kN/cum
Assuming thickness of Wall, D = 600 mm

Factored vertical Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 35.00 kNm/m

Factored Horizontal Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 122.00 kNm/m
Factored Shear Stress (From Staad Analysis) = 0.315 N/sqmm

Factored vertical moment = 35.00 kN-m

Factored Horizontal moment = 122.00 kN-m
Depth required = sqrt(M/0.133fck*b) = 93.66 mm
Provided depth = 600 mm
Effective depth , d = 532 mm OK
Min. R/F required = 0.35 % Condition 1 - 0.24% for structure having dimension < 15 m
Condition 2 - 0.35% for Structure other than condition 1
Depth of surface zone = 250 mm
Reinforcement required in Vertical direction
Required 12 mm dia @ 129 mm c/c = 875.00 mm2
Provided 12 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c = 1130.40 mm2 OK

Reinforcement required in horizontal direction `

Required 12 mm dia @ 129 mm c/c = 875.00 mm2
Provided 12 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c = 1130.40 mm2 OK

Shear Check
2
Calculated shear stress, τv = 0.315 N/mm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.212 %
2
Permissible shear stress, τc = 0.343 N/mm OK
(From Table - 19 of IS 456 : 2000 )

Check for Cracking (For Vertical Direction)

Flexural Cracking

Unfactored Moment, M = 23.333 kN-m

Reinforcement Diameter = 12 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 100 mm
Effective depth, d = 532.0 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 600.0 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 1130.4 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.4 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.0 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.0 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.3
Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,

Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 95.9 mm

 2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 41.28 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.000239
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.000000

Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000239 + 0 = 0.000239

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000859

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.000

and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.002

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of 0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.000859
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = -0.000621
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 78.40 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = -0.131 mm OK

Check for Cracking (For Horizontal Direction)

Flexural Cracking
Unfactored Moment, M = 81.33 kN-m
Reinforcement Diameter = 12 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 100 mm
Effective depth, d = 532.00 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 600.00 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 1130.40 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.39 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.00 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.00 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.33

Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 95.92 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 143.89 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.0008317
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.00000
Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000832 + 0.0000000 = 0.0008317

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0008591

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.0000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.0000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.0020

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of
0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.0008591
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = -0.00003
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 78.40 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = -0.006 mm OK

 Design of Wall W3 600 thk wall

Load Case 2 - Tank empty with water Outside

Inputs
Ultimate tensile strength in reinforcement steel = 500 N/mm2
Characteristic Compressive Strength of Concrete fck = 30 N/mm2
Design Coefficients:-
xumax/d = 0.456
j= 0.808
R= 3.99
Clear Cover to Concrete, Cmin = 50 mm
Water Density ϒw = 9.8 kN/cum
Assuming thickness of Wall, D = 600 mm

Factored vertical Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 35.00 kNm/m

Maximum Factored Horizontal Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 49.00 kNm/m
Factored Shear Stress (From Staad Analysis) = 0.162 N/sqmm

Soil face:-
Factored vertical moment = 35.00 kN-m
Factored Horizontal moment = 49.00 kN-m
Hoop tension = 0.50 kN/m
Depth required = sqrt(M/0.133fck*b) = 93.66 mm
Provided depth = 600 mm
Effective depth , d = 532 mm OK
Min. R/F required = 0.35 % Condition 1 - 0.24% for structure having dimension < 15 m
Condition 2 - 0.35% for Structure other than condition 1
Depth of surface zone = 250 mm
Reinforcement required in Vertical direction
Required 12 mm dia @ 129 mm c/c = 875.00 mm2
Provided 12 mm dia @ 125 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 125 mm c/c = 904.32 mm2 OK

Reinforcement required in horizontal direction

Required 12 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c = 1126.44 mm2
Provided 12 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 300 mm c/c = 1130.40 mm2 OK

Shear Check
2
Calculated shear stress, τv = 0.162 N/mm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.212 %
2
Permissible shear stress, τc = 0.343 N/mm OK
(From Table - 19 of IS 456 : 2000 )

Check for Cracking (For Vertical Direction)

Flexural Cracking

Unfactored Moment, M = 23.333 kN-m

Reinforcement Diameter = 12 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 125 mm
Effective depth, d = 532.0 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 600.0 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 904.3 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.4 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.0 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.0 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.3
Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 86.7 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 51.29 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.000296
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.000000

Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000296 + 0 = 0.000296

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.001090

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.000

and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.002

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of 0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.001090
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = -0.000795
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 86.36 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = -0.180 mm OK

Check for Cracking (For Horizontal Direction)

Flexural Cracking
Unfactored Moment, M = 32.67 kN-m
Unfactored Direct Tension, T = 0.33 kN
Reinforcement Diameter = 12 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 100 mm
Effective depth, d = 532.00 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 600.00 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 1130.40 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.39 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.00 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.00 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.33

Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 95.92 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 57.79 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.0003340
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.00000
Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000334 + 0.0000015 = 0.0003355

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0008591

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.0000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.0000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.0020

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of
0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.0008591
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = -0.00052
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 78.40 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = -0.111 mm OK

Design of wall W3 - 500 Thk wall

Load Case 1 - Tank full with No Soil Outside:

Inputs
Ultimate tensile strength in reinforcement steel = 500 N/mm2
Characteristic Compressive Strength of Concrete fck = 30 N/mm2
Design Coefficients:-
xumax/d = 0.456
j= 0.808
R= 3.99
Clear Cover to Concrete, Cmin = 50 mm
Water Density ϒw = 10 kN/cum
Assuming thickness of Wall, D = 500 mm

Factored vertical Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 34.00 kNm/m

Factored Horizontal Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 54.00 kNm/m
Factored Shear Stress (From Staad Analysis) = 0.312 N/sqmm

Factored vertical moment = 34.00 kN-m

Factored Horizontal moment = 54.00 kN-m
Depth required = sqrt(M/0.133fck*b) = 92.31 mm
Provided depth = 500 mm
Effective depth , d = 432 mm OK
Min. R/F required = 0.35 % Condition 1 - 0.24% for structure having dimension < 15 m
Condition 2 - 0.35% for Structure other than condition 1
Depth of surface zone = 250 mm
Reinforcement required in Vertical direction
Required 12 mm dia @ 129 mm c/c = 875.00 mm2
Provided 12 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c = 1130.40 mm2 OK

Reinforcement required in horizontal direction `

Required 12 mm dia @ 129 mm c/c = 875.00 mm2
Provided 12 mm dia @ 125 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 125 mm c/c = 904.32 mm2 OK

Shear Check
2
Calculated shear stress, τv = 0.312 N/mm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.262 %
2
Permissible shear stress, τc = 0.376 N/mm OK
(From Table - 19 of IS 456 : 2000 )

Check for Cracking (For Vertical Direction)

Flexural Cracking

Unfactored Moment, M = 22.667 kN-m

Reinforcement Diameter = 12 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 100 mm
Effective depth, d = 432.0 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 500.0 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 1130.4 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.4 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.0 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.0 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.3
Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,

Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 85.5 mm

 2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 49.70 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.000297
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.000000

Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000297 + 0 = 0.000297

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000731

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.000

and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.002

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of 0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.000731
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = -0.000434
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 78.40 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = -0.090 mm OK

Check for Cracking (For Horizontal Direction)

Flexural Cracking
Unfactored Moment, M = 36.00 kN-m
Reinforcement Diameter = 12 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 125 mm
Effective depth, d = 432.00 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 500.00 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 904.32 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.39 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.00 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.00 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.33

Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 77.37 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 98.00 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.0005840
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.00000
Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000584 + 0.0000000 = 0.0005840

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0009283

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.0000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.0000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.0020

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of
0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.0009283
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = -0.00034
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 86.36 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = -0.076 mm OK

 Design of Wall W3 500 thk wall

Load Case 2 - Tank empty with water Outside

Inputs
Ultimate tensile strength in reinforcement steel = 500 N/mm2
Characteristic Compressive Strength of Concrete fck = 30 N/mm2
Design Coefficients:-
xumax/d = 0.456
j= 0.808
R= 3.99
Clear Cover to Concrete, Cmin = 50 mm
Water Density ϒw = 9.8 kN/cum
Assuming thickness of Wall, D = 500 mm

Factored vertical Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 35.00 kNm/m

Maximum Factored Horizontal Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 80.00 kNm/m
Factored Shear Stress (From Staad Analysis) = 0.290 N/sqmm

Soil face:-
Factored vertical moment = 35.00 kN-m
Factored Horizontal moment = 80.00 kN-m
Hoop tension = 0.50 kN/m
Depth required = sqrt(M/0.133fck*b) = 93.66 mm
Provided depth = 500 mm
Effective depth , d = 428 mm OK
Min. R/F required = 0.35 % Condition 1 - 0.24% for structure having dimension < 15 m
Condition 2 - 0.35% for Structure other than condition 1
Depth of surface zone = 250 mm
Reinforcement required in Vertical direction
Required 12 mm dia @ 129 mm c/c = 875.00 mm2
Provided 12 mm dia @ 125 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 125 mm c/c = 904.32 mm2 OK

Reinforcement required in horizontal direction

Required 16 mm dia @ 109 mm c/c = 1839.08 mm2
Provided 16 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 300 mm c/c = 2009.60 mm2 OK

Shear Check
2
Calculated shear stress, τv = 0.290 N/mm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.470 %
2
Permissible shear stress, τc = 0.484 N/mm OK
(From Table - 19 of IS 456 : 2000 )

Check for Cracking (For Vertical Direction)

Flexural Cracking

Unfactored Moment, M = 23.333 kN-m

Reinforcement Diameter = 12 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 125 mm
Effective depth, d = 428.0 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 500.0 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 904.3 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.4 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.0 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.0 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.3
Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 77.0 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 64.13 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.000386
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.000000

Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000386 + 0 = 0.000386

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000940

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.000

and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.002

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of 0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.000940
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = -0.000553
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 89.34 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = -0.125 mm OK

Check for Cracking (For Horizontal Direction)

Flexural Cracking
Unfactored Moment, M = 53.33 kN-m
Unfactored Direct Tension, T = 0.33 kN
Reinforcement Diameter = 16 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 100 mm
Effective depth, d = 428.00 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 500.00 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 2009.60 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.39 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.00 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.00 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.33

Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 109.33 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 67.78 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.0004155
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.00000
Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000415 + 0.0000008 = 0.0004163

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0003972

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.0000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.0000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.0020

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of
0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.0003972
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = 0.00002
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 79.66 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = 0.004 mm OK

Design of wall W3 - 400 Thk wall

Load Case 1 - Tank full with No Soil Outside:

Inputs
Ultimate tensile strength in reinforcement steel = 500 N/mm2
Characteristic Compressive Strength of Concrete fck = 30 N/mm2
Design Coefficients:-
xumax/d = 0.456
j= 0.808
R= 3.99
Clear Cover to Concrete, Cmin = 50 mm
Water Density ϒw = 10 kN/cum
Assuming thickness of Wall, D = 400 mm

Factored vertical Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 4.00 kNm/m

Factored Horizontal Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 33.00 kNm/m
Factored Shear Stress (From Staad Analysis) = 0.287 N/sqmm

Factored vertical moment = 4.00 kN-m

Factored Horizontal moment = 33.00 kN-m
Depth required = sqrt(M/0.133fck*b) = 31.66 mm
Provided depth = 400 mm
Effective depth , d = 335 mm OK
Min. R/F required = 0.24 % Condition 1 - 0.24% for structure having dimension < 15 m
Condition 2 - 0.35% for Structure other than condition 1
Depth of surface zone = 200 mm
Reinforcement required in Vertical direction
Required 10 mm dia @ 164 mm c/c = 480.00 mm2
Provided 10 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c = 785.00 mm2 OK

Reinforcement required in horizontal direction `

Required 10 mm dia @ 164 mm c/c = 480.00 mm2
Provided 10 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c = 523.33 mm2 OK

Shear Check
2
Calculated shear stress, τv = 0.287 N/mm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.234 %
2
Permissible shear stress, τc = 0.359 N/mm OK
(From Table - 19 of IS 456 : 2000 )

Check for Cracking (For Vertical Direction)

Flexural Cracking

Unfactored Moment, M = 2.667 kN-m

Reinforcement Diameter = 10 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 100 mm
Effective depth, d = 335.0 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 400.0 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 785.0 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.4 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.0 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.0 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.3
Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,

Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 63.1 mm

 2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 10.82 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.000067
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.000000

Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000067 + 0 = 0.000067

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000886

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.000

and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.002

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of 0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.000886
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = -0.000819
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 77.01 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = -0.163 mm OK

Check for Cracking (For Horizontal Direction)

Flexural Cracking
Unfactored Moment, M = 22.00 kN-m
Reinforcement Diameter = 10 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 150 mm
Effective depth, d = 335.00 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 400.00 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 523.33 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.39 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.00 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.00 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.33

Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 52.53 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 132.41 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.0008144
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.00000
Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000814 + 0.0000000 = 0.0008144

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0013612

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.0000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.0000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.0020

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of
0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.0013612
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = -0.00055
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 94.25 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = -0.123 mm OK

 Design of Wall W3 400 thk wall

Load Case 2 - Tank empty with water Outside

Inputs
Ultimate tensile strength in reinforcement steel = 500 N/mm2
Characteristic Compressive Strength of Concrete fck = 30 N/mm2
Design Coefficients:-
xumax/d = 0.456
j= 0.808
R= 3.99
Clear Cover to Concrete, Cmin = 50 mm
Water Density ϒw = 9.8 kN/cum
Assuming thickness of Wall, D = 400 mm

Factored vertical Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 22.00 kNm/m

Maximum Factored Horizontal Moment (From Staad Analysis) = 50.00 kNm/m
Factored Shear Stress (From Staad Analysis) = 0.245 N/sqmm

Soil face:-
Factored vertical moment = 22.00 kN-m
Factored Horizontal moment = 50.00 kN-m
Hoop tension = 0.50 kN/m
Depth required = sqrt(M/0.133fck*b) = 74.25 mm
Provided depth = 400 mm
Effective depth , d = 333 mm OK
Min. R/F required = 0.24 % Condition 1 - 0.24% for structure having dimension < 15 m
Condition 2 - 0.35% for Structure other than condition 1
Depth of surface zone = 200 mm
Reinforcement required in Vertical direction
Required 10 mm dia @ 164 mm c/c = 480.00 mm2
Provided 10 mm dia @ 125 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 125 mm c/c = 628.00 mm2 OK

Reinforcement required in horizontal direction

Required 12 mm dia @ 98 mm c/c = 1149.43 mm2
Provided 12 mm dia @ 90 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 300 mm c/c = 1256.00 mm2 OK

Shear Check
2
Calculated shear stress, τv = 0.245 N/mm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.377 %
2
Permissible shear stress, τc = 0.441 N/mm OK
(From Table - 19 of IS 456 : 2000 )

Check for Cracking (For Vertical Direction)

Flexural Cracking

Unfactored Moment, M = 14.667 kN-m

Reinforcement Diameter = 10 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 125 mm
Effective depth, d = 333.0 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 400.0 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 628.0 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.4 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.0 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.0 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.3
Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 56.9 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 74.37 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.000462
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.000000

Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000462 + 0 = 0.000462

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.001132

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension (Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.000

and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.002

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of 0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.001132
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = -0.000669
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 86.63 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = -0.143 mm OK

Check for Cracking (For Horizontal Direction)

Flexural Cracking
Unfactored Moment, M = 33.33 kN-m
Unfactored Direct Tension, T = 0.33 kN
Reinforcement Diameter = 12 mm
Reinforcement Spacing = 90 mm
Effective depth, d = 333.00 mm
Distance from the compression face, a' = 400.00 mm
Area of main reinforcement provided, As = 1256.00 mm2
Instantaneous modulus of elasticityof concrete, Ec = 27.39 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200.00 kN/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending, fcbc = 10.00 N/mm2
(Refer Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)

Modular Ratio, m = 280/3*fcbc = 9.33

Target Crack Width, wmax = 0.20 mm

Crackwidth will be determined in accordance with Annexure B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009.

Using Modular Theory for Bending ,
Depth of neutral axis, x =[ -m*As+((m*As)^2+2*b*m*As*d)^0.5]/b = 77.41 mm

2
Tensile stress in reinforcement, fs = M/[As(d - x/3)] = 86.39 N/mm
Flexural strain in the tension face = (fs/Es)*(D - x)/(d - x) = 0.0005452
Direct tensile strain in the tension face = T/(As*Es) = 0.00000
Therefore total strain, ε1 = 0.000545 + 0.0000013 = 0.0005465

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Flexure

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = 1.5*b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0000000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = b*(D - x)*(a' - x)/(3*E s*As*(d - x)) = 0.0005403

Stiffening Effect of Concrete in Tension

(Refer Annex B of IS 3370 (Part II):2009)
For a limiting crackwidth of 0.1mm, ε2 = (b*D)/(Es*As) = 0.0000
and for a limiting crackwidth of 0.2mm, ε2 = (2* b*D)/(3*Es*As) = 0.0000
Note: IS 3370 Annexure B, Limit on strain in direct tension = 0.0020

Therefore the dominant effect is flexure.

For a crack width of
0.20 mm, ε2 = 0.0005403
Average strain at level where cracking is being considered, εm = ε1 - ε2 = 0.00001
Distance to the surface of nearest reinforcement bar, acr = 74.71 mm

Maximum flexural crackwidth, wmax = 3*acr*εm/[1+ 2*(acr - Cmin)/(D - x)] = 0.001 mm OK