—Ufesfaa —D. eae n___o/b of — Spud = a —Al_ a “Spud Rrockions ee - Tonic seadiong - 8) Medenake Speed Suubinis * o[stow Step: 2} PLR —» Rabe Detarmaing . cA et eM ron voy Allow) _____ - Chemical Kinghics= ' —}—Aersical Kans _ as Show Spand Reactions - Papin sical Sto ) Home giro Reach neocons dn _—ghich al _.Ne.t - = 2NH3 re ee | = Product = (yy)? a : Ke Reactant QD Gx- Cor t Og s= = 200, (9) 2 Kez (Pol =p? tat (Re}* [Po] PE» B, Pune Liquid > Uhon as suodest (fon toatn) . C4 ul — fe CH3 COB Hs 9) + HOW) == CHscooh w + Cea 4G)_ = (cHacoo _ - = Ea(cecociss as! — _ —— — —F) ; ig token 08 1 —~1 Pune _liquad. ke gabid guid passant 04 8 _peactonh ther ak Consider asa @une igual __ > _CHs COOH (Q) Cals OH (L) == CH3C00CaHs ) + H20 W) Ke = le} 0. Cconscoort] (CaHs0H) vi ee fe yu —__ 9 _ Gow) + Had g) == Cry) * Ha (9) Ke ={CosLf Hs Ko= PoP (0) (10) Pax Pao Lg) Hatanse nous _Reobions - Those noochions Jn oshich avodart & produck do: — nok Rave some physical Abode - > COLO5) == CaO +6029) Cloned) a Ke = (Cox) Kp = Rea ; = | ——__ 9 fe? eq) + SOM") == Felote — 2 Ke =. —_ 9 NoNOsls) ==NoNOrats> + 5 02) Kez Cost > Kpz (Po, D> Bho 6) + 4HaOU FeO, 47 + 4Haty Ke = CHI, ke=(Pa" -AW) Chtsipieatia “ inwchion A) hpi e ole - © Proceed oly in one direction @ Comp tebes wn dix tis es 5 earn nowr atta : ne Sy = ranalhy procsed dn opan vessel) con pocud ” alse cn closed vessel — when a product wb procipitate: fx 1) Ponmal chcomposttion gn when procard sn_opan Vessel - : —Calos 6) 2 CoO) $60.15) (Chose) _(S} cased Horn bres NaNO 3 (s> 2» NaNOs(s) +4 O29) 2) Max- sedox seachon when proceed tn opan vsscel ont innevensihle - Zn (59 + He S04G) ——> ZrSOuts) + Hig) Copen) 3) Nudtnabisabcon a) Shnang oud and Bheong aed base if annevenarble - He + Nao — > Noll + H,O b) then a& produc a precpitals Hen neackion ts _ innoversi ble: HLL + Agog — > Aga + HNO; _B) y Reversible " Reachions oO Pnocred ia bab iid . @ ae wil) otk ain ao on ee Te_® Prowed un chesed vacacls- eee E _Nake © faniadion | Combushion | Newtnalischion fb wns. . ond —— —ekatgnralc —_- ‘ = a Geet Bacorpasibion, fl panastation i ef one e a __€1 endaonmiry — — < cE Jno dy Dry So te Du So Creays endelhoun se 7 © 44 Ang 40 Ren DH my be <0 (monvs exathornuie) ¢ es ro = [Talo sith] [inant * et od Aovstaus Prodih — 4 epee 7 - a7 | _ D Phe = PCRg+ (hp ee : | @ Nog = 2NQ | Gado | D2Cotro, ==200, Exo- Ceombustn) | © 250,40, = 250s Ex: OO He +02 = 2HT 7@ NitO.=22N0 entice (lester cathy ENA OE Exe ® CeO =40 + COn rs a ( O_NoNOys== NeNOe 63 Hea Endo _@ ee ‘ Ata “atin dea i dee yes sical Skate - 14 _Rnown as Pp, col i Oe ctl tet omtnal ow Pepe arm Ho (2) = He) > = S pall al when nab _of e sand nen % \ p tahe_y “ti nen! > Dips Ps Equilhba - sae [ HO 6) == tO af aa : wk & en P&T “y aade_of- Convendion of Salt » into Liquid —_- be enual to snake of Convenaten 7 —~ mortar ligult 1 Te slid , m ow atforne d 7 eg? te “04 ‘Geli Liquid eg egy : - “a Liga = Ges Physical HO WY) == b20 9) 5) Salid - Gas Physical taps a _ ~ yO) ae 920.) oe 2 eee ool: 1 aalubs = q Salvent ) Sotunatsd Sebubios py Ts Ay == NaC log) = Op abe of —disaclubion—<] d- solute pick lg Beaty Physical ty! Pre spats _ alia al — faa ca fg eAcoping 4. Cp SS —Ee E © Adkive mans af Solid. re ig token 06 “1 hecouse omit. _disseciation~ ike densify ond Sliolen. take nonain Bort = © Ackive mass ae -biyid_i a t bh ith chan, Cone: ds peabigibfe- + — When bro dda present aS a a seach Ban are __¢emsiden ag _ a purebiguid.- _ ee 8 S88 gH i pati 00. belt Hon find out dks achive mars” a sss : BeBrder 2) = es als: BBS KEES aaa let Abu ——Eined Ado Ed Aba — He Seon __ 16 .. S32 KT kt 8S 6 1a iam ee kK 3g Node Ng 83 MS eee ee oc ieee Muy 635Q: 208 Cal05 i: pax _INGAK - Sel Caos 4 Salid , So L Ackivs nas . 4 Q fied euh_ achive moss a 158.g/nt ere dealt: 564 a Te Py the SP a _ Tabet Prasaune _ . ap fron lig sy VieLR HE Bgl th A nA | | eee! hy ee ~ ape fess? | = —_ “> ft — a a an ha he _= iol Yt ; to deal be > cee GE a taba Sa: fa —- —_ = fee 2 Gos 5s tonal” oe —_ —— __R*0:062 ce cS co[Eyal mala q| Fs DN one find, Hon Talal pron ee toed patel pata Hat Q 4g tt 32g Os vane mixed. him Teta prostow 87 12 ath: oe aut Fordial presdurs eg oz Seli- Pag = 2x = 4 Ans G s2 re 22 2 | ong Ha k a2 g Ox Were mined dn 9 2.26 Dab — ves ot oC Y find out Fy 0:2 = 0-1 | Sebi- Pax V = hy, RT 42. =0-4 Py ORR a uy Qual nt Hy % 0, woe mind # total Basa ie Pan — fin uk Partiol — parssauns of Ha oo, : "Chemical Fay. mls oo te Sahn Palins Te whan nate of onward _ —_seacdion _ Sine “4 ol to note of shock wand - —wwacion. fee = 2- dt is also knots as Dyno we Equelibrnr became cot me _doodion appaar fo he _skep but ac = Ib + 3: AL aquiibrisurs Poasurable proparbias Py Fy ho cone +, Val» do , colour ato ramon conatant - co (e Daslen Prinopall ot cdanasd 4 measurable Bare y Pe a Mat dauchion fore it call sho dhe oppoar of change ) 5 Gtolyst dows not Show at. aot on O ibnia , shots equidthrturn constas =) Conditions J EquiLibninm Dp Ace | fi ulliboiuoe- Gibbs anengy Change , AY = 0 Stordand Gibbs erangy Chon gs i eae i 2:305)4 But—Sdordon > ) ft) Emp 20, bt Fell = 055 @ Ey" is ar strtermidiode pation blu two opposite. — terdancy a) Reodont want ~te otal mon! Ly proans joo # __convension inte product are Bn equ” poodvon it ww nat paserble - b) Re adurk wont te ata moc sundomnoes pan 100% oxistonts din jor q svodunt Ande in equalnxn: res he mb sab As sok lis ~ tA! pe yy fer sly (Dd) i, vs Q Groph “which sndccobe ato spilidninn—e conc: od ) @ Rk Pde Bornes _ (A)_Ong, = — dy (8) Ph 6 On a — Graphs pa high Elin conc en Produc jp rant. Par pooctont —. _ B) Oy ty (OM (ado OMQ (ep hid ia Hah Se sadn i ional Civ) : — 3)_Let a _heacklon - vob aafoeinl a 2k “+ a Pete SS : — ys Reos”- _Quatiers il Con het Coleus ot “pork a —Palnd gf _ suvensthle mens, whit es constant “ Kp, Ke con be caleutodse only ak equilibrinm — : i ) Condition _ pad) Q> Ke mKp Backwond Ren: 2) Qe Keen Kp Fayibaivins Rey s a - 7S -Q< Kon Kp Fondand Rene Sew Fa ae Ke 210 : He Conc 9} _ As B,C kD a ral (Litre Ker si : Th a Se sR a Q< Ke - ae . ae Fa ee ‘~ Reacion jg fonioond i ii “9. 2A +8 oC a—[B) = (100 = 0:2. pee = 2 —— “partons get —2+ he x00 = os. xlooe = 3 ~_ gs hY 2 e a eles _ Aye) ta) oe ; a Beko < Readiion _ dg. _ farsoand- oo | a A+B = ac +o. Kpsl =—- -Yoe4 mre A) 2ral B | pal kb 2mal D ane ——promnt Ban total prssuno 18 [2 atm: Bon : eae Se dinackion_q xn at Bis time - “sds. fas hax P ee = = gris 4 : - / Q= Cty? 3 apla = = 2 2 Rk rat Coe 4 . > Kp Badewand Ren 3 a a : —_D 4rtnoduced by Neh ae 2 in is dindl — Coho + af nehet coven ee - . ‘b Acc to Lm a = - __ sy = (AISI a Jy Sota =O ee As ab is _ a nb =k CO? — - 90 = Ab oul ppg a Slats Peat — Gut ona fe | Ke 8) + Epilibndion, consint is Bo nokio a contan | -9—_perwoond. tw ee note constant — bocka Ath. ee a te rule g Inc — —_ 4s 20 f ; oo tee find_snabe« aeate “4 nde mai ali: Ke = Ke. 7 ‘Kp 16> arto ' | = Rb —— oe = Ke = ario® =ei “alesd) cat y= (ath) —— tral of stadt ke 2 Gab uo ee To “till ativy myer) BB! | sue _ oO. seg pes 8 tr = _@ a Ze 3 =» pa + ee a - = a “8 = 3a +b — l=R_2 eh . — Weick _ralobion lb coud 2 O_ Fest = OK pS Kegf Gee npekoe es oO) Nene = Q Ate= acto ——_-- (pn Rt 7 fo (ey dng 2422 = 8 Kp = Ke (kr) fe) [pr __kp = (no fo fat mat = : + ~Q: Pls =? PMs + U2 D tog an _aleg.0 os — Ae — _ _@ fog2= = 2:83 ege — = |.) axb_z log a tlogb igo = = igh 2 _ RT : ate 6 : L c) dont = = ble © ten Ko 2 log (at) | —— ley (ath) 2 2 18 ke ele enya a= b Obs = 03 _ag20 ‘ nn ous q)o= “3 4 206 sq t80= u 6201 hag: 2aA— 3B tl. _ ; pa kelRT) 0 deg tes deg pi —— pool = 2ileg RT Ke [2 - eg a ag Kn. = log fia 7 @ tog (ke) dog b RT. ‘Ke _ © tog Ho. = dog RT “ily QO 04,24 6I243 aly leg RT 63% 01123 _ ‘a lefe % — Na se =a Peer soy 300K fad ke 4 Kp = keLeel" a kes Kola —— _ = ont (0082x300) z0b(as> -q: A+B —= 6 of OC. Xp loath! = rake const gf fornond_omh sta 2.24 X10? pel Git! Sec! Bind ee elrsrsrr—r—“sr—C—C—*SCt—tE=E =’ ef Hechond. re B10 _@jo%§Diisszancdion (x) ft —> forward Rtn ” (4) ¥ —> Backward Rr” (0) 3.28 (D).32-6 Yad On boensnstny cence» ef _voctont —> fanoand Reach »_b i i nsf product —> Bockutond Reason —-On—ducnsasing—Cant— _pasduck —> fornand_ Roschion = Nomeanl Og padtl > toad Reache: ee de eae ea Ee _ex@AthB =O Ave toks OA t Btlo KI = C OA +h =C-lokI _ ___@ At B,IDKT = ¢ =— TP et, Forward ireans averTex] Ex-0 A+B == Cc AH 2-10 KT @AtB —~loKT == CAB = C rlokd QAR == 6 3 10kKI Tp, 2d 5 fanwond moons govern? % Eddest_s}— / Abs — “(par I Ang 22 rEg: Ha +12 = 2uT = reget (Constants) _ 6) Ang > On POs == PO, +Ua Lo ra| [=e . ea Ang SO 2” & (Nat GH, = 2NMs mete) =lexel pris 4) Edfek adure_ = xes (v NEGO] (AD Arg 20 yh __€g Ha tla = IT toed one ues (B)__ Ang > 0 a” eg, PUr=s POs tg ~W) Expl ph yeh et ppaparraeeeea PULL Lereeee aysLew, v Vtyx . fan waa d fou : (EC) dry Zo nn : = my LO 0 foto QNH3 x av) net, yt xt, forward qs 5) Mixing _o drank Gos - = 1. Snank 64 dara nat — ravct wth equsli bruni wivchioe , “So ibs abet dus to vite volume (Chat du to its poussuns) i 2+ Mixkiyg ef drank gas at Const: Val —> No fet : 3-44 in ques: cotton dg nak giuen j Hen occ: to chetsd essed we_caill contidanr. te condhon_¢f censtaich_veburee © coh Ly Pinting Const Presi > 4] eg eae pete] ho affect.” a] Ang 22 me 8 br. Hin gan on mdebing inant gas vol: will troreoae to x will BR, Hen qarwond nH, Gov) a Ang 6o ar gn RS nxn On macht sthont gos val Py xb Shon Fons backward rxr ( ungow.) ~ NHg => Nat SH Utet coll be He affect a felony, p ee tog Atode © t yay TH bo) Pt Dindt (NHS) f oul. X% SP Prod-conct React conc TH , EP, Forward th Backward Farwand. ° Backward e)_ Mixing of dart gor_at_ cout P: ceed FV= = Begs <7 =F Exo Hanne Q@ Aco +O, == 2CO2 z D.Te x2, farwand 2) PD Fonwand 3) COV Back and : - © Pet Bockwand eee SD Mina ns gs He gos Neo edfesh 2502 4% = = 2503 Te abtnin Be, rae quarbhy of $05 “beh all om Condition ¢ temp. ke pravurd On ps lige +O, == 2503 OTs, pr nye T | CUP TEeTef: _O Pb, To xv P Lee aA tbe = = cC +d dD pms ctd_, AHZO OK -— _@ 4b Xctd, Ato —< Oath 7Ctd , AHZO xe 4 Dng 20 @®atb NoNO, +4 Og Au = fe ___ = vk Dear), Ee . . oe » a __ xg —P__%& % » = ¥ ¥ ee Q: CaCO3 == Cao +002 OH = ve > SR Gf lg id mpl Yo rr Fenced i DG Pt Goroond — 9 ecole (Co Oy = No sb Deft — > @_Om mee elf tata afte — P © Pond fewand ke) oe D_ Moda _Pepnesintsstion ( Sbvicha oe Ro At = Crd kez (o3-CoF > ° = [ _A7b) : - as +O = At Ye) o- Pp c B K's By By — oe _ When yr. nook” 1s navennad Hoon thom > bum ondbant Jinwensed po bullies Be ta JR a Constant “mun 9 x - hp 2 hy ret hD__,_K= foe) ——— ee oi 2 ihe agn mad” raulbep ly od alg a ee Mere Hi, conthunk — a a ___pocata—of — shrine constant“Ubpium_ nn os odd Hon eqn eet ale ho raubplod — Ahan ruin —sneaak™» ane bababactad, Haine . Tes il be dwidod a Ac=ab Ks ee a 2G Bt KY a —— = peers a “Nat 20, =2No, kK =100 - = NO = Na + Oa Krs 2 B10 (Hoo (0) be mien — 2 pe! OA 4 Bo BAT IB sg = Io ; 10% @rlo> ey lo? | 1e ——__OS C nb D - Obs eck QA = 2d kis . - = _ Ee 7 36 (716 : oo : Ce 4 Org Ce 0 = Q = _ QE RQ Be a a Fea “GiQR i225 Ka=(4) = = j PSs k'+ 2 : — ) (A) 24 ©) 8 =A _ (1 S (oD. BS : 7 : 35%, 4a e — _ _ _Q: 033A 5d B_ se @ 1B suc ka =o)" = 10 _ Gage =% 0 Ka=(lon) = to - 2a = 2D k'=9_ — 7 fea10é (D103 oe ao _— = “Eyed Cepboa atuns on BP tatnok SS I: Vand Hed equation = a = hb NW i | | ie Aiea]_at Dae 6n_ rains “hes leq” const: obo. ___wheneaas? — Se oe (BD Exotfennic. we “Aye _ 3 RR by Pane oun sing. dom te. _gpoteunobly rene. ont og Jomap 247 Onsdnnt tol Incnearr - — One smd no effect of = “an Vell Elfed a) inde we Podiol Prastune — 1) Rade of fausond 0% Ke _ 2 Rate 8 Bockwand n> Re dn abhow >. qh beg a een dn atthe ea “ jee epee ee cae ALR 7 @ BAC kerio z kK : Qed kero! OME kerio? a oe4) Ronmad Gabiilidby gf Produc — PD Ke 1) Ream wi gh Reach SR a = tee er tn which reocat cud be — Seask eee A ir a Nn a - : Mask Stable - CSC ODE Kesio9ste papal ai 4 Ronmal- _ Gobilisy of Product — 7 PU &X Ke . — “SRL lh Benda st — — a RL tg oS a — ap nanshet cde a teoct stable - faaaeaee _ Mast Stable - =e eee eee _@ Die Eb Ke = 104 oes be sowerstle hh. Sra seack” _ bs douns i 2 Set Feta ls Lies pe aa “neh t-6 Bap Ke tous 4 corcantrshion ge a ears aeaneea ay “Nat SMa —= 2NHs 2 Sf mab i Na Ha Se G43 ane Snot pjonele 5 One ie bata te Ss Lit vease Ls f ~ Salt Nn + Bh = ZN a “ oe 7 Eapoales - a 5 oo —_ cee fe Wee 2 sb _ enunee —_——— Ke = Dey 2 OF See se —————i) expanio gk Kp is dn dens id “Parbink Pressure So. gto eqn male we willl cole’ de Porbicul_pressurs ¢ ah and Ren _Kp- oe » Q Ad eq” 5 male of Noval 4 _ reek G. 5 mole a ) ammonia ane preaint— Sf fated _prassurs of eg Wf ob: TRan ind out Kip: _ Sell: Na + @H2 ==NH3 : feel ceo ee he Pe Sau Bay ee ) 4 a _——--—-——- oo P81 Expacition ef Ke is tn dena Qa Ne £ 3H ean Swale Ny 0 nol : Q 0_ Ra te Sel) amroniq ane present Je oe d : O-as, Kes (xual? = os GN fa tN gg f, eet 7 YP a tee dalid | Pan Tiguan asl _ Ge tego : c i te -e 7 LEP Be. ko: 2108, ae Se Qj a _— 7 er _ oe — ANG value gf Kets wy doo Ban 2 de very Small £0: Wo Sit magpie Ho term tt a naockorch sbde =-_= Eg 2A + 6 = 3c Ko® tors gatie mol _ ay eae BR ee i a i eee fo ko (6 a _ oe eer a997700P