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CVS - Blood

The document discusses the components of blood including plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It describes the circulatory functions of these blood components such as oxygen transport, immune response, and clotting. The document also covers blood typing by the ABO and Rh blood group systems which are important for safe blood transfusions.

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Quimson Kenneth
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55 views30 pages

CVS - Blood

The document discusses the components of blood including plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It describes the circulatory functions of these blood components such as oxygen transport, immune response, and clotting. The document also covers blood typing by the ABO and Rh blood group systems which are important for safe blood transfusions.

Uploaded by

Quimson Kenneth
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Circulatory

System

Hannah Beatriz I. Dela Cruz


Instructor
● Blood
● Heart
● Blood Vessels & Circulation
Blood
A type of CT that consists of a liquid matrix (plasma), and cells and cell fragments
(formed elements)
8% of the total body weight
For males, the normal blood volume is 5-6 L while it’s 4-5 L for females
Composition:
● Plasma - Proteins, Water, other solutes
● Formed Elements - Blood cells
Blood
Blood
Formed Elements
● Derived from Hematopoietic Stem Cells or
Hemocytoblasts
● Formed thru Hematopoiesis
● Divides into myeloid and lymphoid stem
cells
● 95% Red Blood Cells (RBC) or erythrocytes
● Platelets or thrombocytes
● White Blood Cells (WBC) or leukocytes
Blood
Red Blood Cells / Erythrocytes
- Transport oxygen from the
lungs to the tissues of the
body, and carbon dioxide from
the body tissues to the lungs
- Biconcave shape
- Central Pallor
- Average lifespan: 120 days
Blood
Hemoglobin
- Iron-rich protein found in RBCs
that provide their unique red
color and carries gases
- Iron-deficiency anemia
Hematocrit
- Percentage by volume of red
cells in your blood
Blood
White Blood Cells /
Leukocytes
Immune Response
Under a Microscope
Blood
Platelets / Thrombocytes
Small, colorless cell fragments that form clots and stop or prevent
bleeding.
Cell fragments of a megakaryocyte
Vascular Spasm
- Smooth muscles of the damaged blood vessel constrict to
temporarily stop blood flow
- Thromboxanes and Endothelin
Platelet Plug Formation
Blood Clotting / Coagulation
Blood Typing: ABO
Blood Group
The ABO blood group system is
used to categorize human blood.

Two types of antigens may appear


on the surface of the red blood cells,
type A antigen and type B antigen.

Type A: Type A antigen

Type B: Type B antigen

Type AB: Both A and B antigens

Type O: Neither A nor B antigens


Blood Typing: ABO
Blood Group
Antibodies against the antigens are
usually present in the plasma of
blood.

Type A: Contains anti-B antibodies,


which act against type B antigens;

Type B: Contains anti-A antibodies,


which act against type A antigens.

Type AB: Has neither type of


antibody

Type O: Has both anti-A and anti-B


antibodies.
Donor: Person who gives blood; type O often termed as universal donor

Recipient: person who receives blood; Type AB often termed as universal recipient

Agglutination: Blood clumping; occurs when blood transfusions are wrongly matched.
Clumped RBCs can cause toxic reactions
Blood
Rh Blood Group
People are Rh-positive if they have certain
Rh antigens on the surface of their red
blood cells, and they are Rh-negative if
they do not have these Rh antigens.
The ABO blood type and the Rh blood
type are usually expressed together. For
example, a person designated as type A in
the ABO blood group and Rh-positive is
said to be A-positive.
Blood
Rh Blood Group
Antibodies against the Rh antigens do not develop unless an Rh-negative
person is exposed to Rh-positive red blood cells. This can occur through a
transfusion or by the transfer of blood across the placenta to a mother from
her fetus.
When an Rh-negative person receives a transfusion of Rh-positive blood,
the recipient becomes sensitized to the Rh antigens and produces anti-Rh
antibodies.
Other Diagnostic Blood Tests
- Complete Blood Count (CBC)
- Red Blood Count
- Erythrocytosis
- Hemoglobin Measurement
- Hematocrit
- White Blood Count
- Leukopenia and Leukocytosis
- Differential White Blood Count
- Platelet Count
- Thrombocytopenia
- Prothrombin Time Measurement

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