And for some people, the longer you stay, the harder it is to go

Unit 1 Another country home.

Part 1 Living abroad

These days, people don’t always stay in the country where Part 2 Adriana: Life in England
they were born.
Adriana Gonzalez-Vera trained as a vet in her home country.
Many people choose to live in other countries and in other
She came to the UK with her British husband Mark 10 years
cities.
ago.
They sometimes live a long way from home.
Adrianna: I was born in Santiago, capital of Chile, in South
In an international city, like London, you can meet people America.
from lots of countries.
She didn’t only work with animals when she lived in Chile.
Some people left their home country a long time ago, and
I worked as a veterinary surgeon, and I also worked as a
some people have just arrived in the city.
consultant in retail and pharmaceuticals.
They all have different reasons for moving to another country.
I met my husband through work.
Mary: I left about five years ago and came to London just to
He was the managing director of the company where we
work, really.
worked.
Jann: I left my home country about 20 years ago to go abroad
Adriana swapped the busy lifestyle of a South American city
to study.
for the peace and quiet of the English countryside.
Eva: I left in September of this year to study Shakespeare at
What did her family think about her moving to another
Shakespeare’s Globe.
country to live?
Living in a different country can be very exciting.
They thought that it was very far away for all of us, and that it
You experience a new culture, and it’s great for learning a new was going to be a little bit more difficult to meet up.
language.
Adriana doesn’t work as a vet in the UK.
People often love their new home.
She’s using other skills from her home country, Chile.
Mary: The food, culture, music, theatre is really wonderful
I run my own Spanish consultancy company, where I train
here and you get a sense that there’s a real … great buzz
company directors and help them with their presentation.
around London.
I also do some translations, and some Spanish teaching.
Jann: What I like is the weather, the adventure of being in a
new country, and the people. Most of my family are still in Chile.
Eva: I love the international feel of London. I have my mother, my father, my younger sister, her husband
The fact that, walking to and from school, I hear five or six and her daughter, and my two grandmothers living in Chile.
languages easily.
I miss the weather, I miss the hot summers, and I miss the
Jann: What I like is the weather, the adventure of being in a warm people, the friendly people in Chile.
new country, and the people.
I miss my Mummy’s cooking, really, and I miss the long talks
But it can also be a challenge living far from your own with my father.
country.
Adriana’s two daughters are now 9 and 7 years old.
And there are some things that everyone misses …
They are very adorable girls.
Mary: I suppose I miss my friends and my family a lot. I have
Camilla loves reading and she loves the outdoors.
a lot of friends in London as well, but you always remember
your friends from home. Isabelle, she likes fashion, she likes make-up, and everything
in pink!
Jann: I miss the culture, the language, and my family.
For now, Adriana enjoys the quiet country life in England, but
Eva: I miss having children in my life. My nephews and my
she would like to go back to Chile one day.
nieces running round.
I would really like to work as a vet again.
Living in a different country, whether it’s for family, work, or
study, can be a great opportunity. Unfortunately I would have to qualify again in the UK.
Perhaps we will stay here for a long time, or maybe we will go Part 3 Anita: Life in Barcelona
back to Chile if my husband can find work there.
Anita Patwardhan moved from her home city of San
Francisco to live in the Spanish city of Barcelona.
Her parents are Indian, but she was born in the United States.
Anita: Well I first came to Barcelona in 2003, because I
wanted to study Spanish, and then I fell in love with the city at
that time, so I decided that I wanted to come back.
Luckily, in 2005, Anita found a job in Barcelona.
So I decided to come back and, and I’m really happy here, I
really enjoy it.
Today, Anita’s home is in an area called San Gervasi, about 15
minutes walk from the city centre.
It’s very convenient for me because I have my job within
walking distance.
I can take the bus directly to the beach, and I’m there in 15
minutes.
Anita spoke fluent Spanish when she came back to Barcelona,
and found a job with an American online marketing company.
I work for a company that provides different online marketing
services for hotels, and specifically my team builds websites
for hotels, so I work with designers and programmers.
As well as a great job, Anita has many friends in Barcelona.
We’re all very close, we’re friends, so it’s almost like a second
family away from home; we have dinners together, we
celebrate birthdays together, so, it’s, it’s a nice feeling.
Although she has got a good job and close friends she still
misses home.
I miss my family most of all.
It’s very difficult to not be able to give my mum a hug, or to
enjoy my Dad’s barbecue.
So I feel happy if I can see them.
But staying in touch with family overseas is much easier
today.
So my family and I, we speak generally every weekend, either
through Skype, or through e-mail, and every now and then on
the telephone too.
They have come to visit me a few times, and I try to go back
and see them at least once a year.
Anita really loves her new life in Barcelona.
Barcelona is an amazing place, you have a combination of so
many wonderful things with weather, cultural activities,
beautiful architecture, and most importantly the beach.
How can anyone not like the beach?
But still she’s not sure where her life will take her in the
future.
I don’t know if I will stay in Spain forever, forever seems like a
really long time.
So, for now it’s nice, and I’m really happy here, I enjoy it a
lot, but I don’t know if I will be here forever.
Unit 2 A park in the sky Part 2 The High Line
In 2009 a new and very unusual park opened in Downtown
Part 1 New York City living Manhattan.
New York City is one of the busiest, noisiest, but most
The new park, called The High Line, is now one of the city’s
popular cities in the world.
most popular attractions, and it’s easy to see why people love
Eight million people live in New York’s five boroughs. it.
The largest is Queens, then there’s Brooklyn, the Bronx, and The High Line is nearly one and a half miles long, but it’s less
Staten Island. than 20 metres wide.
The smallest borough is Manhattan. It runs right through the buildings three storeys up, over the
traffic and crowded streets below.
But this is the borough most people talk about when they talk
about New York. Before the High Line was a beautiful park it was a train line.
For people who love city life New York is the perfect place to The High Line opened in 1934.
live and for visitors it’s the trip of a lifetime.
Before that, from the 1850s until the early 1930s, trains
There’s so much to see and do. travelled along the streets of Manhattan.
It’s got amazing shopping and restaurants, exciting theatres, The trains carried milk, meat, and goods.
and some of the most famous architecture in the world.
But with more cars on the roads, along with people and
But not everyone enjoys New York life. horses, it was very dangerous and there were many accidents.
It’s hard to wake up refreshed in a city that doesn’t sleep. Because of these accidents, the High Line was built and the
trains now travelled safely above the traffic.
Living in the city can be very stressful and it’s easy to feel
lonely. Trains used the High Line until 1980, when the train line
closed.
So where do New Yorkers go to get away from the crowds,
traffic, and stress? Then, for many years, the High Line was empty and its
landscape started to change.
There are many beautiful parks in Manhattan, and they are
great places to relax. Without any trains travelling on the tracks plants started to
grow.
Some, like Washington Square Park, aren’t very big, but they
are very popular with local residents. Some people wanted the High Line demolished, but a group
of city residents fought to protect it.
People come here to chill out and have fun.
They dreamed of making the old train line into ‘a park in the
Central Park is 2.5 miles long and half a mile wide and it has
sky’.
over 35 million visitors every year.
And finally, this dream came true.
When you’re in Central Park you can forget that you are in the
middle of a busy city. After years of work the first section of the High Line park
opened on June 9th 2009.
In 2011 the second section opened, and the park isn’t quite
finished.
But already three million visitors come to the park every year.
Part 3 A great success
On a perfect hot and sunny day in July the High Line is busy
with visitors and staff.
Gardeners are looking after the plants and flowers, while the
guides are helping visitors, telling them more about the park’s
history and environment.
In the park there are plenty of places to sit where you can
relax, listen to music, or meet with friends and chat.
Many visitors are enjoying the views over the Hudson River,
as far as the Statue of Liberty, or watching the busy streets
below.
So what do today’s visitors think of the High Line?
Betty: Oh, this is an amazing resource.
It’s this green oasis in an urban setting that is just surprising
and beautiful.
Derek: It’s a little bit of the country in the city, you know, that
you really don’t get enough of here.
Jeanie: I think it’s beautiful.
It gives … it’s a great place for people to spend their time off,
their lunch breaks, their time with family.
So, I think it’s a fabulous place in the city to go.
Lance: Beautiful. It’s an amazing treasure.
We just arrived an hour ago and we’ve just started walking
along, but it’s amazing to see the sites of the city and all the
foliage, all the green trees and plants, and all the people
enjoying the beautiful day.
The High Line is an amazing success.
It’s a pathway of flowers and grass that runs through
neighbourhoods where many people haven’t got gardens.
For local residents it’s a place where they can chill out and
escape the stress and noise of the crowded city.
And, for visitors, it’s an opportunity to explore New York’s
amazing architecture and experience one of the world’s
greatest cities in a very different way.
In New York City, the High Line makes a difference to
people’s lives.
It makes people happy.
Unit 3 The Titanic Part 2 Building the Titanic
The birthplace of the Titanic is Belfast.
Part 1 A tragic story
Belfast is the capital city of Northern Ireland in the United
In April 1912 newspapers around the world were full of the
Kingdom and the city was famous for ship-building in the
tragic story of one of the most famous ships in history – the
20th Century.
Titanic.
The Harland and Wolff shipyard, where they built Titanic, still
At the time, the Titanic was the largest passenger ship in the
exists today.
world.
You can see the dock where they finished the ship.
She was nearly 270 metres long and over 53 metres high with
nine decks. They don’t make ships here anymore, but you can still see the
yard’s two massive cranes, Samson and Goliath, from all
She was owned by the White Star Line.
across the city.
The Titanic left the port of Southampton on the south coast of
Today, the old shipbuilding area of Belfast is called the
England on the 10th April 1912.
Titanic Quarter.
She stopped briefly at Cherbourg in France, and Queenstown,
There’s a lot of new development in this area.
now called Cobh, in Ireland, and then started her journey
across the Atlantic towards her final destination, New York. And there’s a huge new Titanic Signature Building at the old
shipyard where you can learn more about the ship.
She was carrying 1343 passengers and 885 crew members.
From the outside this amazing new building looks like the
The trip to New York was her maiden voyage.
bow of the Titanic.
Some passengers, in first class, were rich and famous.
And behind the new building you can still see the old offices
But most second and third class passengers weren’t rich. of Harland and Wolff, where they designed the ships for the
White Star Line.
They were people from across Europe travelling to America
to start new lives. This building is empty today, but in 1900 there were hundreds
of people working here, and around 15,000 people working in
The story of the Titanic is so famous that everyone knows
the shipyards.
how the voyage ended.
The Titanic was the second of three ships that Harland and
Just before midnight on Sunday 14th April, as she was sailing
Wolff were building for the White Star Line in the early 20th
towards the coast of North America, the ship hit an iceberg
century.
and was badly damaged.
The plans for the Titanic and its sister ship, the Olympic, were
Two hours 40 minutes later the ship sank.
almost identical both inside and out, but the Titanic was
Tragically, there weren’t enough lifeboats and only 710 slightly bigger.
people survived.
The designers marked the Titanic’s differences in red on the
In 1985 the wreck of the Titanic was finally found at the ships’ plans.
bottom of the Atlantic Ocean, two and a half miles down.
You can see these original plans at the Ulster museum of Folk
A hundred years after the Titanic sank people are still and Transport’s Titanica exhibition in Belfast.
fascinated by its story.
You can also see a lot of the objects from the Olympic.
But, while there are hundreds of books, television
The Titanic had identical items on board when she sank.
programmes, and famous films about the ship’s short voyage,
many people still know very little about where the ship came At the exhibition you can also learn much more about the
from and the people who built it. people who built the ship, and the people who were travelling
on her when she sank.
And this is just one of many Titanic exhibitions around the
world.
Part 3 My great-grandfather’s story
The tragedy of the Titanic was very difficult for the people of
Belfast and for many years no-one in Belfast talked about how
they built the Titanic.
But this changed over time and today people in the city are
proud of their family histories.
There’s a memorial to the men of Belfast who died on the ship
outside the City Hall.
And tour guide Susie Millar has her own very special family
story.
Susie: I can remember as a small child, my grandmother
taking me to see the Titanic memorial, which stands in the
grounds of Belfast City Hall, and she pointed up at, at the
name, Thomas Millar on the plinth and told me that that was
my great-grandfather.
My great-grandfather worked here in Harland & Wolff, in the
shipyard which built Titanic and he had helped to construct
the engines for Titanic and its sister, Olympic …
And Tommy Millar has a special place in the history of the
Titanic.
He’s unique, he’s the only one of the crew who worked on the
construction of Titanic for Harland & Wolff and then worked
for White Star as one of the crew.
Like many people on the ship, Tommy was leaving Ireland to
start a new life in America.
Before my great-grandfather left Belfast, he said his goodbyes
to his two sons and he gave each of them two new pennies
dated 1912 and he told them not to spend those coins until the
family was all together again.
Sadly, Tommy was one of the crew members who died. But
his family never forgot him.
… my grandfather kept those two pennies all of his life and he
passed them down through the family and we still have them
in the family today.
But why is the story of the Titanic still so famous after a
hundred years?
Susie Millar thinks that there are two reasons that people will
always be interested in the Titanic.
… you’ve got the biggest ship in the world with the richest
people in the world and the poorest people in the world,
sailing across the Atlantic and on the maiden voyage, it hits
this iceberg and it’s a disaster.
And within that bigger story, there are all these little threads
of stories, individual stories about families and people, and
people who were heroes and people who were cowards and
people who were villains, so you’ve got all those elements
within it, so I think those two things combined give you a
really good story.
Unit 4 Healthy eating eat and drink where you can find the most delicious food from
around the world.
Part 1 A diet for a long life
There are many reasons for differences in life expectancy, that Part 2 Italian food
is, the average age that people live to.
At over 81 years, the average life expectancy in Italy is one of
But one of the most important secrets to a long life is food –
the highest in the world, and food is one of the most important
having enough food, and eating the right food.
parts of Italian culture.
We all know it’s not always easy to eat well.
And when Italians move to other countries, they take their
We have busy lives. Nowadays, a lot of people don’t cook food with them.
traditional food at home.
New York is full of Italian restaurants.
Fast food is quick and cheap everywhere.
Italian food is a great example of the Mediterranean diet – a
But a bad diet can reduce your life expectancy by many years. diet that is one of the healthiest in the world.
So, do you think you have a healthy diet? This is PJ Charlton, an Italian Restaurant on Charlton Street in
Greenwich Village, New York.
Dan: I think I have a healthy diet, 80 per cent of the time.
I eat whole foods, home-cooked food, meat, vegetables. Phil Mouquinho opened the restaurant in 1979.
I don’t like much junk food or processed food.
The area around the restaurant has changed a lot in 30 years,
Tim: I feel I have a balanced diet. But you could always eat but PJ Charlton’s still serves fabulous Italian cuisine to
more fruit and vegetables. residents and visitors to the city from around the world.
Anne-Marie: Not so healthy. I eat a lot of sugar, so, sugar’s So, what is it that makes Italian food so healthy?
not very good for you.
The heart of any good Italian cuisine begins with garlic,
Angus: I do not have a healthy diet at all. I like onions, and olive oil.
cheeseburgers, I like bad food.
And once you begin with that, and you introduce the great San
Do you think some countries have a better diet than other Marsano tomatoes, you begin to create a Marinara sauce.
countries?
Your greens, I like to refer to all of those greens as captured
Beth: Country that has the healthiest diet? sunlight.
I probably think the Mediterranean countries, places like
It’s basically all of the vegetables that you can think of, err,
Italy, and France, and Spain.
with a little bit of garlic and oil.
They eat a lot of locally produced food.
In addition to that, when you talk about pasta, it’s nothing
Angus: I believe that the countries which have the healthiest
more than flour and eggs.
diet are places such as Spain, Portugal, Italy, this is because
of their reliance on things like olive oil and fish. What could be more simple than that, more healthy and more
nutritious?
Edel: I’m not too sure. I’ve been to Japan before and they
seem to eat a lot of fish and oily foods. Some of the pastas that we use here at the restaurant are
I think they have a very healthy diet. linguini, spaghetti, and we have rigatoni, penne, and then we
have the cannelloni, and we have ravioli, and we have what
Dan: I spent a lot of time in Spain and I think they have a very
we call the stuffed pastas.
healthy diet.
They eat a lot of natural food. How do you cook the food?
They eat a lot of vegetables, they eat a lot of fresh fish, it’s all
We sauté many of our vegetables, we broil many of our meats
fresh food.
and poultry, we don’t fry, we try to stay away from the frying
So I always felt very healthy when I was in Spain.
process, because it’s not that healthy for you.
In the United States the average life expectancy is only 78
When my customers come in and they greet me and they’re
years.
happy, and they sit and they tell one another this is the best
A lot of traditional American food isn’t very healthy. kept secret in New York City, it makes me feel very, very good.
Often there’s a lot of fried food and meat and there aren’t I love doing what I do. I’ve been doing it for 32 years.
many fresh vegetables or salad.
I feel that, watching my customers eat my food, get healthy,
But luckily in cities like New York there are lots of places to stay happy, is what I want to do.
The Mediterranean diet isn’t just good for you because of the
healthy ingredients.
Eating a healthy Mediterranean diet is about eating delicious
food together, and most of all it’s about enjoying your food.

Part 3 Japanese food

The longest life expectancy in the world is in Japan.
Life expectancy for women in Japan is over 86 years old!
And one of the secrets to the long lives of the Japanese is their
traditional diet.
The traditional Japanese diet is very healthy, and today
Japanese food is popular around the world.
Jing Chen is the manager of Miraku, a Japanese restaurant in
Long Island, New York.
So, what is it that makes Japanese food so healthy?
Jing Chen: Japanese people live a very long life, and I think
that’s mainly due to their diet of eating a lot of fish.
Fish have omega 3, which is good for the body.
What ingredients are popular in Japanese food?
Some of the key ingredients in Japanese cuisine are rice, fish,
seaweed, and soy.
How do you cook the food?
There’s grilling, there’s ‘sautéing’, there’s braising.
What about Jing? What’s her favourite meal?
I love Japanese food.
The ingredients are very fresh, because it focuses on
seasonality.
Sushi is really unique to Japanese cuisine, there’s no other
cuisine that uses raw fish.
Raw fish tastes really, really great, has a lot of, you know,
natural flavours.
And it’s also very, very healthy.
Like the Mediterranean diet, the Japanese diet isn’t good for
you just because of the healthy ingredients.
It’s about a different way of eating.
Japanese food looks beautiful.
There are a lot of small dishes, and a lot of variety.
People eat slowly, and they eat less food.
But everything tastes amazing!
Unit 5 Alternative energy in a different and dramatic way.
They are building new cities that try to change the way we
Part 1 Fuel for the future live and use energy today, and in the future.
Today, one of the biggest global challenges we face is how we In the United Arab Emirates they are building a new ‘green’
are going to be able to supply enough energy for everyone in city, where renewable energy is at the heart of the
the future. development.
Globally, we are using more and more energy. Masdar City is a walled city 11 miles from the city of Abu
We all want electricity for our homes, and fuel for our cars. Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates.

We need our factories to work and our planes to fly. British architects Foster and Partners designed the city and the
Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company is building it.
But we know that traditional energy sources, fossil fuels like
oil, gas and coal, won’t last forever and are causing The first residents moved in in 2009 but it probably won’t be
environmental problems like climate change. finished until 2025 or 2030.

Some energy sources, like nuclear power, can also be harmful Masdar City is a very big project.
when accidents occur. Masdar is going to be a square, nearly a mile wide and when it
The development of new energy sources is becoming more is finished they hope that about 40,000 people will live in the
important across the world. city, and another 50,000 will commute to Masdar every day
from across the United Arab Emirates.
People are looking for sources of energy that are safe and
cheap, like wind power, solar energy from our homes or huge
solar farms, or hydro-electric power using our rivers and Part 3 A green city
lakes.
The brand new hi-tech Masdar City will use only solar, wind,
We need energy that won’t run out, renewable energy, and
and other clean, green renewable energy sources.
energy that won’t damage the environment, green energy.
They will also try to reduce energy use as much as possible.
Some of these energy sources are already well-known.
By designing buildings and streets to use shade and wind to
And most people have opinions about what kind of energy we
stay cool when the temperature outside can rise to over 40
will be using in the future and what’s the best kind of
degrees, the city will use less energy.
renewable energy.
The city will also recycle most of its water and waste.
Ijeoma: I think we’ll use more wind energy and I think that
we’ll use more solar energy. One of the most important ideas for reducing energy use in
I believe the government is investing in that. Masdar is that you won’t be able to drive a normal car in the
city.
Judy: People will probably use more solar energy, more wind
power, more hydro-power. Instead, there will be public transport using electric vehicles
and a ‘Personal Rapid Transit’ system.
Andrew: In the future I think we will use more renewable
forms of energy, especially as fossil fuels are running out. The Personal Rapid Transit system uses small pods that travel
I feel solar power, wind power will be increasing in the future, on magnets in the roads across the city.
and I think that will be more sustainable for our development.
You will get into a pod at stations around the city, choose
where you want to go on the touchscreen and the pod will
carry you to your destination.
Part 2 Alternative living
The design of the city encourages people to walk – the
A few countries, like Iceland, are lucky. staircases are large and lifts are hard to find!
They already have their own renewable power supply; Building a new city is very expensive and complicated.
geothermal power.
But at the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, and
Geothermal power provides over 60% of Iceland’s energy. across Masdar city, they are using and testing technology that,
Across the country they use the boiling hot water from under hopefully, will be used around the world in the future.
the surface of the earth to make electricity.
This electricity is clean and green, and will never run out.
But other countries are looking at the problem of energy use
Unit 6 Scotland landscape, the mountains, the Highlands.
Jackie: In summer it’s… there’s really gorgeous light, you
Part 1 The country know, in the summer it stays light a really long time and that’s
The United Kingdom is made up of four countries; England, nice.
Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Cassandra: I think that people are willing to share cultural
England is the biggest country and has a population of over 50 differences which, for me, is interesting so, the atmosphere is
million. something I love.

Northern Ireland is the smallest and has a population of fewer And the worst thing about Scotland?
than two million. Sandra: The weather. It’s really cold compared to Spain.
Scotland’s population is a lot smaller than England’s, at just Robin: Cold.
over five million, but the country has got some of the most
beautiful scenery in the UK. Isabelle: I hate the rain, it’s windy and I don’t like the food
apart from fish and chips.
Scotland has got the tallest mountain in the UK, Ben Nevis,
and the deepest lake, Loch Morar, as well as historic castles,
amazing beaches, and a dramatic coastline. Part 2 The people
But there’s much more to Scotland than beautiful countryside,
Although it is part of the United Kingdom, Scotland has its
it’s also got some of the most exciting and important cities in
own Government, which meets at the modern Parliament
the UK.
buildings in Edinburgh.
Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland.
People from Scotland are called Scots.
It’s an important city for business and culture, with some great
Over the past 400 years hundreds of thousands of Scots have
modern architecture.
left to live in countries around the world.
Edinburgh isn’t as big or as modern as Glasgow, but it’s the
Generations on, many of the families of these emigrants still
capital city of Scotland and it’s the top destination for
feel a strong connection to Scotland, and they often return to
international visitors to the country.
the country to visit.
Around one and a half million international visitors come to
Scots have got their own vocabulary for example; – small is
Edinburgh every year.
‘wee’, a lake is a ‘loch’ and a child is a ‘bairn’.
So what do international visitors think about the country?
Sometimes even English people find it hard to understand
What’s Scotland like? Scots when they are speaking English as they can have strong
accents.
Jazz: I came to Scotland last week. I’ve been here about a
week, so far. It’s gorgeous. So, what are the Scots like?
The countryside’s beautiful, Edinburgh is stunning and the
Isabelle: Very friendly. They are funny to understand, some
people are really friendly.
speak funny.
And the food’s great.
Amrita: Pretty bubbly, friendly.
Jackie: It’s miserable. Firstly, I really like sunny weather and
it’s grey here all the time. Rory: Often very loud.
Sandra: I think it’s really nice place; a lot of young people, Conor: They’re very friendly, very welcoming.
many parties and the university is great.
Alex: I would say Scotland was more … feels more like a wee
I really like it.
community, compared to England.
How different is Scotland from your home country?
Amrita: It’s a lot colder than where I’m from.
Robin: I don’t know, just the people are a lot nicer here than
in Germany.
Isabelle: The people are very polite here, whereas back home
it’s not as, not as nice. Very friendly.
What’s the best thing about Scotland?
Sandra: The best thing about Scotland? I think maybe the
Part 3 Edinburgh
The most popular tourist attraction in Edinburgh is the castle,
and it’s one of the oldest buildings in the city.
There’s been a castle here for nearly a thousand years.
Edinburgh Castle stands on Castle Rock and has got amazing
views over the city and across to the River Forth.
But once a year the castle isn’t the centre of attraction, and
many people agree on the best time to visit the city.
Isabelle: Summer during the Fringe Festival. Absolutely
amazing.
Alex: Oh, Edinburgh Festival.
Andy: Edinburgh Festival. There’s lots of things happening.
Street artists and different kind of shows on and stuff in the
theatres. It’s good.
Every year, in August, the city holds the biggest arts festival
in the world, the Edinburgh Festival.
It’s the most exciting time to visit Edinburgh, and the city is
busier in August than at any other time of the year.
Edinburgh’s population of 450,000 people doubles and the
city becomes the cultural capital of the world.
The Festival began in 1947 and is a 3-week celebration of art,
music, theatre, film, dance and comedy.
During the festival, there are performances all over the city –
over 30,000 performers come to the city to work in over 2,000
shows.
The most popular shows are comedy, but there’s something
for everyone.
Edinburgh isn’t a cheap city and everything gets even more
expensive in August.
Luckily there are a lot of free shows during the festival, from
music and magic, to street theatre and there’s so much to do
that people come back year after year.
Unit 7 Writers’ houses Today the house is a museum that has been open to the public
since 1949.
Part 1 Places that inspire writers The Austen family weren’t very wealthy and they didn’t have
There are many cities around the world that have inspired a great estate.
great works of art and literature. Jane’s own home isn’t as large or as beautiful as the homes of
For hundreds of years artists have come to Paris to live and the characters in her novels, like Mr Darcy.
work. But the house is quite comfortable, pretty and light and there’s
Writers like George Orwell, F Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest a beautiful garden.
Hemingway, and many others travelled from across Europe, Visitors today can see many of Jane’s possessions including
and around the world, to experience life in the city. the desk where she completed her six novels.
The beautiful city of Prague inspired the work of Franz Kafka, Jane Austen didn’t become a famous writer in her own
and since the early 20th Century New York has been home to lifetime.
many writers and artists.
Her own name did not even appear on her work until after her
London has changed a lot since Charles Dickens wrote about death.
the city in the early 19th Century, but the city still attracts
writers from the UK and around the world. She wrote as ‘a Lady’.

Of course, it isn’t just great cities that inspire writers. But slowly she has become one of the most read female
novelists in the world.
Every year people travel from around the world to the Lake
District in the North of England, to visit a tiny farmhouse in Since the early 20th century, there have been many famous
the middle of beautiful English countryside. film and television adaptations of her novels.

Hill Top farm was the home of Beatrix Potter. The first famous film of Pride and Prejudice was made in
1940.
Potter wrote and illustrated the Tale of Peter Rabbit and many
other stories for children. In recent years there have been many adaptations of her work,
as well as films about her life.
Since she wrote Peter Rabbit in 1902 publishers have sold
more than 40 million copies, and they have translated the Keira Knightly played Elizabeth Bennett in Pride and
story into more than 35 languages. Prejudice, and Anne Hathaway played Jane Austen herself in
a film about her life, Becoming Jane.
Hill Top has been open to the paying public for over 60 years,
and it’s still as popular as ever. And still today fans come to this quiet and gentle part of the
English countryside to learn more about her life and work.
In 2011 there were over 100,000 visitors.

Part 3 The Brontës

Part 2 Jane Austen
Over 200 miles away from the gentle countryside and bright,
Around a hundred years earlier another female British author comfortable living rooms of Jane Austen’s world there’s
was at work. another house with a far more dramatic and remarkable
In the city of Bath in the South West of England there’s a literary history.
museum about one of England’s most well-known writers of This is the town of Haworth in Yorkshire, in the North of
the early 19th Century; Jane Austen, the author of Pride and England, and at the top of the steep cobbled high street is the
Prejudice. Brontë Parsonage.
Austen wrote about this city in her novels, and it’s a favourite This house was the home of Charlotte Brontë, the author of
location for film and television adaptions of her work. Jane Eyre, Emily Brontë, the author of Wuthering Heights and
But Austen only lived in Bath for a short time. Anne Brontë, the author of The Tenant of Wildfell Hall.

She wrote most of her famous novels in the peace and quiet of The sisters moved here with their father Patrick and their
the English countryside. brother, Branwell, and it was in this small home they wrote
the famous novels that have sold millions of copies and have
This is Chawton, a 17th century country house where Jane been adapted into hundreds of stage plays, films and
Austen lived with her mother and sister Cassandra from 1809 television programmes.
until just before her death in 1817.
Haworth is surrounded by Pennine Yorkshire moorland and For many visitors, it is exploring the dramatic Yorkshire
this dramatic scenery was the inspiration for many of the countryside surrounding the Parsonage that really helps them
Brontës’ novels. to understand the powerful novels of the remarkable Brontë
sisters.
Life was very hard here in the mid-1800s.
The Brontës’ mother died soon after arriving at Haworth, and
two sisters, Maria and Elizabeth, died when they were just 10
and 11.
The sisters were very close and rarely left the Parsonage, as
Ann Dinsdale from the Brontë Parsonage explains:
What they really wanted to do was to be together at the
Parsonage and to write and that’s what they did.
The sisters wrote in the evening, sitting together at the table in
the small dining room.
Like Jane Austen, the sisters didn’t use their real names when
they first published their books.
They published their novels under the names Currer, Ellis,
and Acton Bell, hoping that they would be treated as, as
writers rather than women writers.
Their books were instant hits and everyone wanted to know
the true identity of the authors.
So, Charlotte and Anne travelled to London by train to tell
their publishers their real names.
But tragedy was never far away.
In 1848, Bramwell died, followed three months later by Emily
and then Anne five months after that.
Shortly after she married, Charlotte died in 1855.
But by the time she died, Charlotte was a famous writer.
She died in 1855 in this house and two years after her death, a
biography written by Elizabeth Gaskell was published, ‘The
Life of Charlotte Brontë’ and that attracted a huge amount of
interest in the Brontë’s lives … people wanted to come to
Haworth and see the place where the Brontë novels had been
written and to see where the family had lived their lives.
There has been a small Brontë museum in Haworth since
1895, but it wasn’t until 1928 that the Parsonage opened to the
public.
Today, inside, visitors can see many of the sisters’ possessions
including Charlotte’s wedding dress, and many of the sisters’
handwritten letters and manuscripts.
Experts still come to the Parsonage from around the world to
research the sisters and their work.
Every year we get 75,000 visitors on average and they’re
drawn from all over the world, from America, from Japan,
from places in this country.
The Brontë novels have been translated into, into over 26
different languages … they’re read by people all over the
world.
Unit 8 Twins Part 2 Being a twin
Runyararo and Rufaro Mapfumo are twins.
Part 1 Why are twins special?
They live together in East London.
It doesn’t matter if you have boys or girls; it’s always a
challenge bringing up children. Rufaro: My name is Rufaro Mapfumo, I’m 20 years old.
But bringing up twins is an even greater challenge. I’m 23 minutes older than my twin sister and I study
bio-medical science at Middlesex University.
Can you imagine two of everything, at the same time?
Runyararo: I’m Runyararo Mapfumo, um, also 20 years old,
The Department of Twin Research at Kings College London
and I’m studying film and visual effects at Sheffield Hallam
has a database of over 12,000 twins who are taking part in a
University.
fascinating research programme.
For Rufaro and Runyararo, there are many more advantages to
Throughout their lifetimes, the twins regularly visit St
being twins than disadvantages.
Thomas’ Hospital in London to have a range of medical tests.
Rufaro: Having a double wardrobe is great.
Today, hundreds of pairs of twins taking part in the
programme have come to a summer party at the hospital. As a twin, umm, one of the advantages about being a twin is
getting to play tricks on people.
It’s a chance to meet other twins and share their experiences.
When we were younger, we swapped classes a few times,
So, why are all these twins so important to scientists?
which was interesting.
All identical twins, like Xand and Chris, share 100 per cent of
I went to her maths class, and she went to my English class,
their genes – they are genetically identical.
and we swapped because we thought it would be really funny.
Twins usually look exactly the same, and they often have very
We never got caught though. We used to look even more
similar abilities, interests and personalities.
similar.
Xand: Chris and I are similar in that we enjoy the same
When they were teenagers, the Mapfumo twins did some
things, we both have a lot of the same friends.
acting.
Chris: We both did medical degrees, we both did exactly the
They learnt new skills, but, as at school, they were still able to
same A levels.
take each other’s place when necessary.
But, identical twins can often be good at different things, and
Because they were twins, they once had the chance to work on
even suffer from different diseases.
a Harry Potter film.
Chris: I think I am different to you, I think I do have some free
Rufaro: They would give us one role and divide that between
choice.
us.
There are differences in our personalities.
Remember when we were ten and I failed, you know, I came So I would go on set for three hours, while Runyararo was in
bottom of the class in every single exam and everyone said oh, school, and then, once I’d finished and I’d had my time on set,
you know why don’t you just work a bit harder like your they used to swap us over.
brother and you’d do a bit better.
So I suppose that’s good, because we, even though we got to
So, if two people are genetically identical, why is one loud do what we loved, we still had enough time to go to school,
and boisterous and the other quiet and sensitive? and get a really good education as well.
Or why does one get an illness and the other doesn’t? Runyararo: Rufaro’s a bit more of a joker. She liked to make
everybody laugh, whereas I could possibly be seen as more
It is these differences between identical twins that are so
serious.
important to researchers.
Rufaro: Runyararo has a lot of patience, and I think when
They give us a clearer picture of the influence of ‘nature’ –
you do film, you need to have a lot of patience, and kind of
our genes – and ‘nurture’ – how we live – on the development
speak to the people you’re working with and artists, and be
of our personality and health.
able to guide them patiently, whereas I kind of want things
And scientists hope that this will help them to identify and done then and there. I have a little bit less patience.
prevent health problems in the future.
It’s always nice having someone that you have close
connection to, and having a twin, I don’t think there’s a
stronger bond. It’s like living with your best friend really.
Part 3 Bringing up twins
Rachel: I love that! That’s nice seeing that.
Rufaro: Yeah. Us dressed the same with our jackets.
Runyararo: I think that’s probably when we looked most
similar actually...
Rachel Mapfumo is the mother of the Mapfumo twins.
Rachel: Oh yes I remember.
Rufaro: That’s when we went for our audition, … our first
audition as twins.
Rachel: I remember buying those t-shirts in Marks and
Spencer’s.
So, what’s it like trying to raise identical twins?
Rachel: I had to rely a lot on my parents, because, having two
babies, they had different times of feeding, that was one of the
difficulties, different times of sleeping.
So you find, if you didn’t have any help then you would be up
24/7.
Another difficulty is the cost. Everything you pay for is
double.
Not so much when they’re young, but when they’re older, it
becomes very costly.
Rufaro: Our spotlight picture, there…
Rachel: The girls bonded right from the first day.
I used to keep them more or less together.
They had different cribs, they had different, you know,
separate chairs.
But for some reason they always used to reach out for each
other, or look out for each other.

Sometimes it seems the girls can communicate without

talking.
Rachel: I can’t even tell you sometimes as a mother what they
do, but I know they have a silent way of communicating.
If Runyararo is say at Sheffield, and Rufaro is in London, and
if something is happening to Runyararo that she is not happy,
Rufaro can pick it up.
She was in the library, and she left to go to the toilet, and she
… when she got back her laptop had been stolen, and she was
quite upset.
She hadn’t rung me or she hadn’t rung her sister.
But at the moment when she was so desperate, her sister rang
her from London to see if she was all right, because she just
felt something was going on.
So it’s things like that as well, even when they’re apart, that
they can still communicate.
They know if one is in trouble, or one is not happy.
Or if one is happy, for that, for that matter.
What advice does Rachel have for parents of school-age
twins?

Rachel: You mustn’t be given a report where the teachers are

using ‘They’.
You should have single reports for each individual child.
The problem I’ve found was that the teachers could not
differentiate between the two girls.
Who was Rufaro and who was Runyararo.
You have to be absolutely sure that the teacher is talking
about the correct twin.
Half the time they got it all wrong and mixed up.
Runyararo: Very nice, smiling in the background … your
teddy making its way into every picture.
Rachel: Is that you or Runyararo?
Rufaro: Oh yeah!
Rachel: That’s not you, that’s your sister.
Rachel: They’ve got a very close bond. I don’t worry so much
about them because I know they’ve got each other.
They talk to one another, and the most interesting is at the
moment to see them grow up to be very confident and
individual young ladies.
Unit 9 Roald Dahl Dahl wrote about his childhood in his autobiography, ‘Boy’.
He told many stories about being naughty at school.
Part 1 The man
When he was only nine years old Roald’s mother sent him to
Roald Dahl is known to generations of children as the man boarding school a long way from home.
that brought them magical stories like Charlie and the
Chocolate Factory, Danny the Champion of the World and He was terribly homesick and he wrote her letters nearly
James and the Giant Peach. every day.

Many people remember his stories from their childhood. Although he was lonely and unhappy, his letters were always
cheerful and full of stories.
Olive: I’ve got a few favourites. There’s Matilda, The
Witches, James and the Giant Peach. And school wasn’t all bad.
They are so fantastic and different it’s like going into another A chocolate company sometimes sent new sweets for students
world. to test.
Beth: I used to read a lot of Roald Dahl when I was little, and This gave Roald a life-long love of chocolate, and became the
I had a lot of Roald Dahl read to me by my parents. inspiration for Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.
He’s very funny. He’s a very witty author who makes good
stories for children and for adults. Gemma: Roald Dahl absolutely loved chocolate and
whenever he ate them, instead of just throwing the wrappers
Kate: The BFG, The Big Friendly Giant, is about a big away he actually kept them and he would scrunch them all
monster and he goes around catching dreams. together to make a silver ball and he actually kept that ball as
I can’t even remember. a little souvenir on his desk next to him when he wrote.
Edel: I can’t remember.
I think my dog ate that book.
Tom: I’ve taught Roald Dahl to children.
I read four or five of his books and the ones that I taught were
Danny Champion of the World, which I think is probably my
favourite of all his books.
But they are great children’s books.
Children love them and it’s great to be able to teach them to
children who want to learn, who want to know.
And he’s a great man. I love his books. I think they’re great.
He invented his own words and he wrote about fantastic
places and people.
By the end of the 20th century people had bought over 35
million copies of his books.
At the Roald Dahl museum and Story centre you can learn
more about him and his world.
Gemma Holland works at the centre.
She explains why Dahl’s stories are still popular today:
Gemma: I think that the children still find the same things
funny as they found funny 50 years ago and I think that Roald
Dahl had a really amazing way of being able to reach the
children, but also be able to reach the adults that were
reading with the children.
So the humour isn’t just for the child but it’s also for the
parents or the adult reading with that child and I think that is
a massive appeal as well for everybody.
Roald Dahl’s parents were Norwegian, but they had left
Norway to live in Wales before Roald was born on 13
September 1916.
Part 2 The writer Part 3 The magic
Roald wasn’t the best student at school, but he was always Millions of children have heard or read the stories of Roald
good at sport and he enjoyed adventure. Dahl, but at the Roald Dahl story centre they encourage young
people to write their own stories.
He didn’t go to university after he finished school.
Gemma explains…
Instead, he started working for an oil company.
I think story telling is important because it helps to make life
They sent him to Africa.
more interesting.
Gemma: Then World War II broke out and Roald Dahl saw
Around the museum there are lots of things to inspire young
this as another part of an adventure, so he actually joined the
writers.
Royal Air Force and he became, and and learnt to fly a plane,
um and he actually flew a variety of different planes, Tiger So how did writers like Dahl turn their ideas into a story?
moths, Hurricanes, Gladiators and um unfortunately er Roald
Roald Dahl er always wrote his ideas down in his ideas books
Dahl was actually involved in quite a serious accident when
that he kept with him at all times.
he crashed his plane in the desert, and he was very badly
injured. He actually had some ideas in his notebook for 20 years
before he used them.
And all of that adventure actually led to his first ever
published piece of writing and it was called ‘Shot Down Over And Dahl always wrote in the same way.
Libya’.
He always wrote in his writing hut and I’m sitting in his
By this time, Dahl already knew how to tell a great story. replica chair right now um, and we’re surrounded by lots of
really interesting things that he kept in his writing hut.
He wrote a dramatic report about his accident while he was
recovering in the United States. Dahl always wrote with a pencil.
He described how the Germans had shot him down, but really So he would sharpen six of them and then he would sit down
he had crashed because he had run out of fuel! to write on his special yellow paper.
Dahl had moved to the United States in 1942. Everything he did he wrote by hand.
He was working as a TV presenter when he met his wife, He would write for two hours every morning and then he
Patricia Neal. would stop for lunch and then he would write for two hours
every afternoon as well.
She was a film star.
Roald Dahl died in 1990 at the age of 74. One of the last lines
They married in 1953 and moved back to England.
he wrote was, ‘Those who don’t believe in magic will never
The couple lived in the small town of Great Missenden and find it’.
they had five children.
I think that’s a lovely way to finish off his last book.
By the 1960s he had become a very successful short story
Basically saying that if you believe in magic you will find it,
writer.
and I think story storytelling definitely helps us to keep that
At this time most of his stories were for adults. magic alive.
Then the first story that he wrote for children was called ‘The
Gremlins’ and it was all about little creatures that got inside
the engines of planes and caused them to crash and break
down.
And it was after that story and after the success of that story
that he started writing stories for children including those
famous ones such as James and the Giant Peach and then
obviously Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.
Unit 10 Three inventors When I was 18, I travelled to Africa on my own which was
really scary at first but actually, when I got there, people were
Part 1 Emily Cummins really welcoming, they invited me into their homes, they
looked after me, they listened to me and we shared ideas, so
Many of the inventions of the past 100 years have changed the although initially I was frightened about the experience, it
way we live our lives. was actually incredible.
Mobile phones are owned by almost six billion people
worldwide and when over six trillion texts are sent every year,
many of us believe that we can’t live without them. Part 2 Josh Silver
People are always trying to think of the next big invention It is estimated that about 60 per cent of the world’s population
that’s going to change the world. need eye-glasses to see clearly.
But for some inventors this doesn’t mean designing a new Everyone should have their eyes checked regularly by an
phone app, or building a smaller, quicker, lighter computer. eye-care professional.
For some inventors it’s about looking at what everyone really But, in parts of Africa, there’s only one eye-care professional
can’t live without. for eight million of the population.
Emily Cummins is a young inventor who is looking for new If you can’t see, you might not be able to read, or drive, or
ways to help people. even work.
She started inventing at a very young age. Josh Silver is a Professor of Physics.
Emily: At the age of 4, my granddad gave me a hammer. He invented a new kind of eye-glasses to solve this problem.
I used to spend hours with him in his shed at the bottom of the John: These, these eye-glasses are rather interesting, rather
garden. special in a way, I call them adaptive eyeglasses and I will
demonstrate them for you.
As I got older, he would teach me about the different
properties of materials and how to use the tools and the The eye-glasses work by adding liquid to the lenses.
machinery in his shed.
I want to see clearly in the distance, I just… I’m covering up
While she was still at school Emily designed a new type of one eye, I’m adjusting the lens now until I’ve got nice clear
fridge. vision and then do the same with the other eye and there we
are.
But her fridge doesn’t look like the ones that most of us have
in our kitchens. Right, I can now see clearly in the distance so these glasses
have the interesting feature that I can change each lens so as
It’s designed to be used in areas where there isn’t any
to suit my vision and get clear vision.
electricity.
When you go through this correction procedure and you get
I spent a lot of time researching how to redesign the
the eye-glasses set to your vision, you don’t wear them like
refrigerator.
that, you do up the screws on this frame and you cut off the
I realized that people in Africa weren’t able to store food and adjusters and then you end up with this, which you can wear
medicine because they didn’t have access to electricity or and this is my pair and there are about 40,000 or so of these
refrigerators. in use now in about 20 countries.
The design was very simple. A small cylinder inside a larger It’s taken Josh over twenty years of research to develop these
one. eye-glasses.
You put your food or medicine in the small cylinder. He travelled to Africa to see how his eye-glasses could help
people.
Between the two cylinders you put some material that stays
wet like sand or soil. Henry Ajay Mensa was the first person to get a pair of Josh’s
eye-glasses.
In the sun, the fridge then ‘sweats’, just like a person.
Shall we try the glasses and see if that helps you with
The water evaporates and pulls the heat out of the small
threading it?
cylinder and the contents stay cool.
Henry was a tailor in a small village in Ghana.
The fridge was designed so anyone anywhere could make it
with simple tools and materials. He needed good eye-sight to do his job making clothes, but
his eye-sight was getting worse…
And Emily wanted to help people do this.
Ah! That did it immediately! So it works! So, the jerry can means life for us.]
He was trying to thread a needle and he couldn’t and he put Michael has travelled around the world seeing his products in
them on and he adjusted them and he just threaded a needle action saving lives.
immediately and what he did was he then, he then started
We do many projects around the world to help people who do
operating his sewing machine much faster.
not have access to clean drinking water, whether that be in
This experience proved that Josh’s eye-glasses can work. Malaysia or in Haiti, or in Pakistan or in India, we do lots of
projects around the world to make sure that people have
Today he is still improving his invention and looking for ways
access to clean water, not just for a day or for a week but for
of producing adaptive eyewear for everyone who needs it.
life.
My motivation for the work is to see those billions of people
that need eyewear get it.

Part 3 Michael Pritchard

No-one can live without water, but today over a billion people
live in water poverty.
They haven’t got easy access to clean water.
Drinking dirty water makes millions of people sick, and kills
thousands of people every day.
After seeing the terrible result of the Asian Tsunami in 2004,
inventor, Michael Pritchard, decided he wanted to do
something about this problem.
It is expensive and difficult to send bottles of clean water to
disaster areas.
Michael thought it was a simple problem.
Michael: … water is everywhere and Mother Nature has her
own way of getting water to people, they’re called the clouds,
they pick the water up from the sea for free, they take the salt
out of it for free, they transport it hundreds of miles for free
and then they dump it on the mountains and the rivers and the
streams and where do people live? Near water.
So, Michael Pritchard invented the Lifesaver water bottle.
Using a special filter, the bottle can clean any water making it
safe to drink.
What the lifesaver bottle allows people to do is take that
water, put it in the bottle, give it a few pumps and the bottle
just through filtration, very small holes, removes all of the
bacteria and all of the viruses and makes the water sterile and
safe to drink.
This new technology saves people’s lives and Michael has
developed more products using his technology, like the
Lifesaver jerry can.
The Lifesaver jerry can, can process up to 20,000 litres of
water and is specifically designed to go into people’s homes
and to be used on an everyday basis.
[The Lifesaver jerry can came like a gift for us, because
without the jerry can we would not have life.
Everyone would die.
Unit 11 The Homeless World Cup homeless people.
Mel and Harold thought of things that brought people together
Part 1 The power of football across the world.
Football, or soccer, is one of the most popular sports in the We used football because it’s very, very simple, everybody
world. understands it, it’s an international language first of all so …
It’s played by millions of young people around the world you, you can involve anybody, male, female, big, small, really
every day. good player, really useless player, doesn’t matter, it’s a great
way of including people.
At the professional level it’s an international game.
Teams in the Homeless World Cup don’t play matches in a
Talented young players often leave their home countries to football stadium.
train at the youth academies of famous football clubs around
the world. They play a kind of football called Street Soccer.

Becoming a successful player can change their life. Street soccer is, is just a simple form of football which is
usually played in, in the street.
One of the world’s best footballers, Leo Messi, is Argentinian,
but he has been playing for FC Barcelona in Spain for many I mean football’s just this wonderful game, you can play it
years. anywhere, you, you can play it on an 11 a side standard
football pitch but you can also play 2 a side or 20 a side or
Messi moved to Spain when he was just 13, and he was only you can play indoors or outdoors or – and you can mix teams
16 when he started playing for the first team. of really good people and not very good people so street
For a few lucky players, like Messi, playing football has not soccer’s like that, it’s just a space in the street.
only been a life-long passion, but it has also made them rich The teams play on a small court.
and famous.
There are eight players in each team, but only four play at the
And sometimes this fame gives them a chance to help others. same time.
Messi now works as a Goodwill Ambassador for UNICEF The games only last for 14 minutes.
helping children around the world.
In the World Cup Tournament the teams play about three
But even if it doesn’t make you a star, football can make a games a day.
dramatic difference to people’s lives.
Organizing an international football tournament with teams of
Once a year, over 60 teams from around the world meet to homeless people isn’t simple.
play in a very unusual football tournament, the Homeless
World Cup. It takes a lot of work and it’s a challenge for Mel’s team in
Scotland and their partners working around the world.
The Homeless World cup brings together teams of homeless
people to play football for their country and helps them As well as organizing the tournament, they have to raise
change their lives forever. money and get passports and tickets for all the players.
So it’s all year round work that we’re doing to, to make sure
that they, they come to, to the event.
Part 2 The tournament But the hard work is worth it.
Mel Young is the co-founder and President of the Homeless The tournament has grown every year and now there are
World Cup. around 50,000 homeless people from 70 countries training for
Mel started his career in journalism. a place in their national team.

But since 1993 he has been working on projects helping the The organization has many famous supporters and you even
homeless. can watch the matches on television.

Today, he works at the global organization’s offices at a

football stadium in Scotland.
Part 3 Changing lives
He explains how the tournament started:
For Mel, and his team, the most important thing about the
Mel: The idea of the Homeless World Cup came in a Homeless World Cup is that over 70 per cent of the homeless
conference that we were having in 2001 in Cape Town. players change their lives for the better because of the
I was talking with a colleague with mine, Harold Schmidt tournament.
from, from Austria about how, how we could include more
The coach of the Kenyan team agrees:
I can tell you that over 95 per cent of all the players who took
part – it has changed their life for the better.
Because of Homeless World Cup that they are where they are
now.
They say now: This is not my life. I was not meant to be on the
street.
I must get out of it, go back home, and start a new life.
Mel believes that the project is so successful because it helps
the homeless become part of a team.
This helps them to improve their own lives while the project
supports and encourages them.
Mel: I mean… I think my view is that homelessness … you are
on your own.
And football is this great way in which you can be included so
we get people from that position and say, do you want to play
football… and then the training sessions build so you create a
kind of, if you like a family, which is the team.
And the results for people like David Duke can be amazing.
David: I was living in a homeless project in Glasgow.
I took part in the Homeless World Cup which was held in
Gothenburg in 2004.
David had become homeless as a teenager in Glasgow in
Scotland, but the Homeless World Cup helped him change his
life.
I went back into further education once I came back from the
Homeless World Cup.
David completed his college course and got a full-time job.
And he continued to work with the Homeless World Cup.
My participation in the Homeless World Cup has led to me
being a player, an assistant coach, a coach, manager, project
manager, and I’m now a global ambassador for Homeless
World Cup.
Today, David runs Street Soccer, an organization helping
other homeless people in Scotland get involved with football.
David is a wonderful example of the success of a project that
believes a ball can change the world.
The Homeless World Cup helped me change my life by
providing me an opportunity to change my own life, it inspired
me, it gave me motivation, and it encouraged me to be all I
can be.
Unit 12 Where next? roads – but you’ll experience one of the most exciting and
interesting cities in the world.
Part 1 Cities
It’s always nice to think about your next holiday.
It’s good to have something to look forward to and most
people know where they will go for their next holiday.
Dorothy: Spain.
Yoni: On my next holiday, I’m going to stay in New York.
Mary: To Paris.
Tiffany: Probably Dubai.
Joanna: I’m going to stay in a few different places, but one of
the places I am most excited about is we’re going to stay in an
eco-lodge in the jungle in Cambodia.
Reed: Los Angeles, California.
Selina: The next place on our list is Scotland.
Justin: The Bahamas.
There are so many amazing places to visit around the world.
It would be great to see them all.
But most of us haven’t got the time or the money to visit other
countries and explore new places.
But what if your life were different?
If you were rich, would you travel the world?
If you didn’t have to go to work every day, where would you
go next?
Is there a city you’ve always wanted to visit?
There’s so much to see and do in San Francisco in the USA.
There’s the beautiful Golden Gate Bridge, the famous hills,
and the historic island prison of Alcatraz.
And if you go down to Pier 39 you’ll see the bridge and the
prison, and you might see some of San Francisco’s famous sea
lions.
Or you might prefer to visit Shanghai in China.
It’s a huge city with a fascinating history.
It’s changing all the time so you’ll always see something new
and exciting.
The Pudong skyline looks even better by night.
Or what about New Dehli, the capital city of India?
If you visit Dehli you’ll see amazing buildings like the Lotus
Temple and the Akshardham Temple.
If you like cricket, it’s a great place to see some of the players
of the future.
If you drive in Dehli, you’ll need to be very careful on the
Part 2 Festivals Part 3 Adventure
If you could travel around the world, which cultural festivals If you were more courageous would you try a more
would you like to see? adventurous kind of holiday?
You can experience Chinese New Year celebrations, or St How about trying surfing or kite-surfing?
Patrick’s Day parades, in many different countries.
For some people sight-seeing or going to cultural festivals
If you visit the United States in early July you’ll enjoy the isn’t exciting enough.
Independence Day celebrations.
They don’t want to relax in their time off; they want an
The Stars and Stripes flags will be flying and people will be action-packed holiday.
wearing red, white, and blue.
And there’s one place that is the perfect destination for people
In cities like Boston you’ll see parades of people dressed in looking for adventure – Queenstown in New Zealand.
historic costumes, and celebrating the birth of the United
Queenstown is a small town on New Zealand’s South Island,
States.
next to Lake Wakatipu.
If you go to Rio de Janeiro in Brazil in February you’ll see the
Tourists come here looking for fun and adventure.
amazing Carnival.
In the past, people came to see the beautiful scenery.
And, with over 500,000 people celebrating, you might get the
chance to join in! They went hiking in the summer and skiing in the winter.
And there’s the Notting Hill Carnival in London every This beautiful boat, the TSS Earnslaw has travelled across
August. Lake Wakatipu for over a hundred years.
It’s a celebration of Caribbean culture in the United Kingdom, And it still carries passengers every day.
with music, dancing, and food.
But today, there are a lot more cool things to try in
And if you are very lucky, it won’t rain! Queenstown.
And if you visit the historic city of Venice in Italy, you might If you like speed, you’ll enjoy the Shotover Jet.
experience the Carnival of Venice.
This was one of the first adventure sport attractions in
Venice is one of the most amazing cities in the world with Queenstown.
beautiful bridges, homes, and piazzas, and kilometres of
Over two million people have enjoyed the high-speed trip
canals you can explore on a gondola.
down the Shotover River since 1970.
There has been a spring time festival in Venice since the 11th
If you’re feeling really brave and you want a great view of
century.
Lake Wakatipu, you should try sky-diving.
At this time the carnival lasted about two months.
If it’s your first time, you won’t jump alone.
Today, the modern carnival lasts for two weeks and takes
But even if you jump with an instructor – it will be one of the
place in February or March every year.
most amazing experiences of your life.
It’s a colourful celebration.
But if you come to Queenstown, and you’re into action,
There are parties and processions with everybody wearing there’s one activity you have to try … a bungee jump!
beautiful costumes.
This is the Kawarau Bridge, near Queenstown.
You’ll see many people wearing masks.
The bridge over the Kawarau River is 43 meters high.
Masks are an important part of the traditional celebrations.
People come here from all over the world, because this was
At huge masked balls people dance to classical music. the world’s first bungee jump.
The parties continue in the streets through the night. Bungee jumping looks dangerous, but really it’s very safe.
If you come to the Carnival it will be an experience you’ll Over 300,000 people have jumped here since 1988.
never forget.
Of course, many more people haven’t jumped because they
are too scared.
But they’ve watched their friends and family jump!
If you had the chance would you jump?
Are you brave enough?