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Control Chart and Types

This document discusses control charts, which are graphs used to study how a process changes over time. It was invented by Walter A. Shewhart. There are two main types of control charts: variable control charts which track things like average and range, and attribute control charts which track defects. To use a control chart, you collect data over time, plot it on the chart, and look for points outside the control limits to identify problems needing correction. Control charts help monitor processes, identify issues, and determine if changes are needed to reduce variation.

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65 views

Control Chart and Types

This document discusses control charts, which are graphs used to study how a process changes over time. It was invented by Walter A. Shewhart. There are two main types of control charts: variable control charts which track things like average and range, and attribute control charts which track defects. To use a control chart, you collect data over time, plot it on the chart, and look for points outside the control limits to identify problems needing correction. Control charts help monitor processes, identify issues, and determine if changes are needed to reduce variation.

Uploaded by

raja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control Chart and types

The control chart is an online graph used to study how a process changes


over time. The control chart was invented by Walter A. Shewhart.
Table of Contents
 Guidelines for Control Chart:
 When to Use a Control Chart :
 Types of Control Charts:
 Control Chart Basic Procedure :-
 How to interpret the control chart?
 Guidelines for eliminating Special cause variation:
 Guidelines for reducing Common cause variation:
 Benefits of Control Charts:

Guidelines for Control Chart:


A control chart always has a central line for the average, an upper line for
the upper control limit and a lower line for the lower control limit. These
lines are determined from historical data.

By comparing current data to these lines, you can draw conclusions about
whether the process variation is in control or out of control.

When to Use a Control Chart :


 When controlling ongoing processes by finding and correcting
problems as they occur.
 When predicting the expected range of outcomes from a process.
 When determining whether a process is stable.
 When analyzing patterns of process variation from special causes
or common causes (within the process).
 When determining whether your quality  improvement project
should aim to prevent specific problems or to make fundamental
changes to the process.

Types of Control Charts:


There are two categories in the control chart. One is the variable control
chart and the second is the attribute control chart.

Further in the Variable control chart, there are:

 Average and Range chart (X – R)


 Individual and Moving Range Chart ( X – MR / I – MR)
In the Attribute category, there are,

 Number of defectives chart ( p / np chart)


 Number of defects ( c / u chart)

Control Chart Basic Procedure :-


1. Choose the appropriate control chart for your data.
2. Determine the appropriate time period for collecting and plotting
data.
3. Collect data, construct your chart and analyze the data.
4. Look for “out-of-control signals” on the control chart. When one is
identified, mark it on the chart and investigate the cause.
Document how you investigated, what you learned, the cause
and how it was corrected.
5. Continue to plot data as they are generated. As each new data
point is plotted, check for new out of control signals.

How to interpret the control chart?


1. Any point out of control limit ( Out of Zone A)
2. Seven points in a row on one side of center line.
3. Six points in a row continuously increasing or decreasing order.
4. Fourteen points in a row alternating up and down.
5. Two points out of three points in a row in the same zone A.
6. Four points out of five points in arrow in the same zone B.
7. Fifteen points in a row in zone C above or below center line.
8. Eight points in arrow on both side of center line but none in zone
C.

Guidelines for
eliminating Special cause variation:
 Get timely data so that you see the effect of the assignable cause
soon after it occurs.
 As soon as you see something indicates that an assignable
cause of variation has happened, search for the cause.
 Change tools to compensate for the assignable cause.

Guidelines for reducing Common


cause variation:
 Reducing common-cause variation  usually requires making
fundamental changes in your process
 Addressing the common cause  variation will improve the
process  performance.

Benefits of Control Charts:


 Predict process out of control and out of  specification limits.
 Distinguish between specific, identifiable causes of variation.
 Can be used for statistical process control.
 Control charts allow operators to detect  manufacturing problems
before they occur, this greatly reduces the need for  product
rework or COPQ.
 Control charts provide as the early warning detection system, to
make a changes in the running process.
 After analyzing a control chart, operators need to determine
whether to “do something” (adjust in the  process) or “do nothing,”
(let the  process run as is).

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