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II PUC – PHYSICS: CHAPTERWISE QUESTIONS FROM BOARD EXAM PAPERS

--- March 2014 – August 2022-----
Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields

Charge
Q. Name the SI unit of charge? [Mar 14]
Q. What are electric conductors and insulators? [Sep 21]
Q. Name the apparatus used to detect electric charge on a body. [May 22]

Properties of charges
Q. Mention any three properties of charges. [Jul 14, Mar 18, Mar 19, Sep 21]

Electrification
Q. Mention one method of charging a body. [Mar 18, Aug 22]

Coulomb’s inverse square law

Q. State and explain Coulomb’s inverse square law.
[Mar 14, Jun 15, Mar 17, Mar 18, Mar 19, Mar 20]
Q. Write the expression for electrostatic force (Coulomb’s law) in vector form and explain the
terms. [Mar 15]
Q. Define coulomb (or unit charge) or define SI unit of charge [Mar 15]
Q. How does the electrostatic force between two point charges change when a dielectric is
introduced in between them? [Jun 17, Aug 22]

Electric field due to a point charge

Q. Name the SI unit of electric field? [Jul 16]

Electric dipole
Q. What is an electric dipole? [Mar 16, Mar 19]
Q. Define ‘electric dipole moment’. [May 22]

Electric field due to an electric dipole

Q. Derive the expression for electric field at a point on the axis of an electric dipole.
[Mar 16, Jun 17, Mar 18]
Q. Derive the expression for electric field at a point on the equatorial line (or perpendicular
bisector) of an electric dipole. [Mar 15, Jun 19, Sep 20]

Electric field lines

Q. What is an electric field line? [May 22]
Q. Mention any four properties of electric field lines.
[Jun 15, Mar 16, Mar 17, Jul 18, Jun 19, Sep 20, May 22]
Q. Draw electric lines of force of point charge Q when (i) Q > 0 (ii) Q < 0 [Jul 16, Mar 19]

Electric flux
Q. Write the SI unit of electric flux. [Mar 20]

Gauss’ law and its applications

Q. State and explain Gauss’s Law. [Mar 14, Jun 15, Mar 17, Jun 17, Mar 19, Aug 22]
Q. Derive the expression for electric field at any point due to a charged spherical shell or
spherical conductor using Gauss’ theorem. [Mar 14, Jul 14, Mar 17, Jul 18, Mar 19]
Q. What is the electric field inside a charged spherical shell? [Sep 20]
Q. Derive the expression for electric field at a point due to an infinitely long straight uniformly
charged thin wire using Gauss’ theorem. [Jun 15, Jul 16, Aug 22]

Problems
1. Two small charged spheres having charges 2 x 10-7C and 3 x 10-7C are placed 3 cm apart in
vacuum. Find the electrostatic force between them. Find the new force, when the distance
between them is doubled. [May 22]
2. Two point charges qA = 3 C and qB = −3 C are located 20 cm apart in vacuum.

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(a) What is the electric field at the midpoint O of the line AB joining the two charges?
(b) If a negative test charge of magnitude 1.5 nC is placed at this point, what is the force
experienced by the test charge? [Mar 17, Mar 20, Aug 22]
3. An electric dipole contains two charges 10C and −10C separated by 5mm apart. What is
the electric dipole moment? Calculate the electric field at a point P, 1m away from the centre
of the dipole when P is on the (a) axial line (b) equatorial line. [Sep 21]
4. Two point charges 3nC and -3nC are placed at two corners A and B of an equilateral triangle
of side 0.1m. Find the resultant electric field at C. [Mar 17]
5. Three charges each equal to +4nC are placed at the three corners of a square of side 2cm.
Find the electric field at the fourth corner. [Mar 18]

Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Electric potential
Q. Define electric potential at a point in an electric field. [Mar 17, Mar 18]
Q. Derive the relation between electric field and electric potential due to a point charge.
[Jul 14, Jun 15, Mar 17, Jun 17, Mar 20, Sep 20, Aug 22]

Electric potential due to a point charge

Q. Derive the expression for electric potential at a point due to a point charge.
[Mar 18, Sep 21]

Electric potential energy due to system of charges

Q. Derive the expression for potential energy of system of two charges in the absence of
external electric field. [Mar 14, Jul 16]
Q. Derive the expression for potential energy of system of two charges in an external electric
field. [Mar 19]

Electric potential energy due to dipole

Q. Derive the expression for the electric potential energy of an electric dipole placed in a
uniform electric field. [Mar 19]

Equipotential surface
Q. What is an equipotential surface? [Mar 18]
Q. Draw equipotential surface for (a) positive point charge (b) a uniform electric field.
[Aug 22]

Dielectric polarisation
Q. Write any two differences between polar and non-polar molecules [Sep 21, May 22]

Capacity of a capacitor
Q. What is a capacitor? [Jul 14, Mar 18]
Q. Write the SI unit of capacitance [Sep 21]

Capacity of parallel plate capacitor

Q. Derive the expression for capacity of a parallel plate capacitor with air as medium. [Mar 15]
Q. On what factor does the capacitance of parallel plate capacitors depends?
[Mar 17, Mar 18, May 22]
Q. Define dielectric constant in terms of capacity of parallel plate capacitor. [Sep 20]
Q. A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitance C. What will be the
capacitance if
a) the distance between the plates is doubled?
b) the space between the plates is filled with a substance of dielectric constant 5? [Mar 20]

Combination of Capacitors
Q. Derive the expression for the equivalent capacitance of two capacitors connected in series.
[Jul 18, Jun 19, Sep 21]
Q. Derive the expression for the equivalent capacitance of two capacitors connected in parallel.
[Mar 17]

Energy stored in a capacitor

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Q. Derive the expression for energy stored in a capacitor. [Mar 16, Mar 17, Mar 18, Mar 20]
Q. A capacitor of capacitance 2F is charged to a potential of 10V. Calculate the energy stored
in it. [Mar 17]

Problems
1. Two charges 30nC and -20nC are located 15 cm apart. At what points on the line joining the
two charges is the electric potential zero? Take the potential at infinity to be zero.
[Jul 14, Mar 17]
2. Two point charges +1 nC and −4 nC are 1m apart in air. Find the positions along the line
joining the two charges at which resultant potential is zero. [Mar 15]
3. Charges 2C, 4C and 6C are placed at the three corners A, B and C of a square ABCD of
side x metre. Find what charge must be placed at the fourth corner so that net potential at
the centre of the square becomes zero. [Jul 16]
4. ABCD is a square of side 2m. Point charges of 5nC, 10nC and -5nC are placed at corners A,
B, C respectively. Calculate the work done in transferring a charge of 5C from D to the point
of intersection of diagonals. [Jun 15]
5. ABCD is a square of side 4cm. Point charges of +2nC, -2nC and +3nC are placed at corners
A, B, C respectively. Calculate the work done in transferring a charge of +4nC from D to the
centre of the square. [Mar 18]
6. ABCD is a square of side 1m. Point charges of +3nC, -5nC and +3nC are placed at corners A,
B, C respectively. Calculate the work done in transferring a charge of 12C from D to the
centre of the square. [Jun 19]
7. A charge of 8 mC is located at the origin. Calculate the work done in taking a small charge of
-2 x 10-8C from a point A(3cm, 0, 0) to a point B(0, 4cm, 0) via a point C(3cm, 4cm, 0).
[May 22]
8. In a parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates, each plate has an area of 8 × 10−3
m2 and the distance between the plates is 2 mm. Calculate the capacitance of the capacitor.
If this capacitor is connected to a 50 V supply, what is the charge on each plate of the
capacitor? (Absolute permittivity of free space = 8.854  10-12 Fm-1)
[Mar 14, Jun 17, Sep 20, Aug 22]
9. In a circular parallel plate capacitor, radius of each plate is 5 cm and they are separated by a
distance of 2 mm. Calculate the capacitance and the energy stored, when it is charged by
connecting the battery of 200 V. (o = 8.854  10-12 Fm-1) [Mar 19]
10. Energy stored in a system consisting of two capacitors in series and connected across 4kV
line is 8J. When the same two capacitors are in parallel across the same line, energy stored
is 36J. Find the capacitance of the capacitors. [Mar 16]
11. The plates of a parallel plate capacitor have an area of 100 cm2 each and are separated by 3
mm. The capacitor is charged by connecting it to a 400V supply. Calculate (a) the energy
stored in the capacitor (b) if a dielectric constant 2.5 is introduced between the plates of the
capacitor, then find the energy stored and also change in the energy stored. [Jul 18]
12. A 4 F capacitor is charged by a 200 V supply. It is then disconnected from the supply, and is
connected to another uncharged 2F capacitor in parallel. How much electrostatic energy of
the first capacitor is lost? [Mar 19]

Chapter 3: Electric Current

Drift velocity
Q. What is drift velocity? [Jul 14, Mar 18, Mar 19, Sep 20]
Q. Derive the expression for drift velocity in terms of relaxation time.
[Mar 16, Jul 16, Sep 21, May 22]
Q. Write the expression for drift velocity of electrons and explain the terms. [Mar 19]
Q. Write the expression for drift velocity in terms of current and explain the terms.
[Mar 19, Aug 22]

Mobility and relaxation time

Q. Define mobility. [Mar 14, Mar 17, Jun 17, Mar 18, Sep 20, Sep 21]
Q. Mention SI unit of mobility. [Jun 17, Aug 22]
Q. Define relaxation time. [Mar 18]

Current density
Q. Name the SI unit of current density? [Mar 17]

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Ohm’s law
Q. State and explain Ohm’s law. [Mar 17, Jul 18, Sep 21, May 22, Aug 22]
Q. Mention the limitations of Ohm’s law. [Jul 14, Mar 15, Jun 15, Jun 19, Mar 20, Sep 21]
Q. What is ohmic device? Give an example. [Jun 17]

Variation of resistance with dimension

Q. On What factors does the resistance of a conductor depend? [Mar 18]
Q. How does the resistance of a conductor vary with its length? [Jun 19]
Q. Define electrical resistivity of material of a conductor. [Mar 19]
Q. Derive the expression for electrical conductivity of a material in terms of relaxation time.
[Jun 15, Jul 18, Mar 20]
→ →
Q. Derive the relation J =  E (Equivalent form of Ohm’s law). [Jun 17]
Q. Why manganin and constantan are used in making standard resistors? [Mar 19]

Carbon resistor
Q. A resistor is marked with colours red, red, orange and gold. Write the value of its resistance.
[Mar 15]
Q. Write the colour code for a resistor of resistance 45  10% [Mar 18, Aug 22]
Q. The resistance of a carbon resistor with four coloured rings is (500  50) . Identify the
colour of fourth ring. [May 22]

Variation of resistance with temperature

Q. Represent graphically the variation of resistivity of i) copper ii) nichrome with absolute
temperature. [Jul 18, Sep 20, May 22]
Q. Graphically represent the variation of resistivity of a semiconductor with absolute
temperature. [Mar 20]

Combination of resistances
Q. What is equivalent resistance? [Mar 15, Mar 19]
Q. Obtain the expression for the equivalent resistance when two resistors are in parallel.
[Mar 14, Mar 15, Mar 18, Mar 19]

Combination of cells
Q. Define emf and internal resistance of a cell. [Sep 21]
Q. Derive the expression for equivalent emf and equivalent internal resistance when two cells
are connected in series. [Mar 17, Sep 20]
Q. Derive the expression for equivalent emf and equivalent internal resistance when two cells
are connected in parallel. [Mar 18, Mar 19]

Kirchhoff’s laws
Q. State Kirchhoff’s junction rule. [Jun 17, Mar 18]
Q. State Kirchhoff’s II law or voltage law or loop rule. [Mar 18]

Wheatstone’s network
Q. Obtain the expression for balanced condition of the Whetstone’s network.
[Jul 14, Mar 16, Jul 16, Mar 17, Mar 18, Jun 19, May 22, Aug 22]
Q. What is the condition for the balanced state of Wheatstone’s network? [Jun 15]
Q. Draw Wheatstone’s bridge circuit and write the condition for its balance. [Mar 14, Mar 17]

Problems
1. Calculate the current density and average drift speed of conduction electrons in a copper
wire of cross sectional area 10-7 m2 carrying a current of 1.5 A. Given free electron density of
copper is 8  1028 electrons/m3, e = 1.6  10-19 C. [Mar 17]
2. 100 mg mass of nichrome metal is drawn into a wire of area of cross section 0.05 mm2.
Calculate the resistance of this wire. Given density of nichrome is 8.4  103 kgm-3 and
resistivity of the material as 1.2m. [Mar 18]
3. (a) Three resistors 2 , 3, and 4 are combined in series. What is the total resistance of
the combination?
(b) If the combination is connected to a battery of emf 10 V and negligible internal
resistance, obtain the potential drop across each resistor. [Mar 16]

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4. (a) Three resistors 4, 6 and 8 are combined in parallel. What is the total resistance of
the combination? (b) If the combination is connected to a battery of emf 25 V and negligible
internal resistance, determine the current through each resistor, and the total current drawn
from the battery. [Jun 17]
5. a) Three resistors 3, 4 and 12 are combined in parallel. What is the total resistance of
the combination? (b) If the combination is connected to a battery of emf 6 V and internal
resistance of 0.5, determine the current drawn by the battery and terminal p.d across the
battery. [Mar 20]
6. Two resistors of resistance 12 and 6 are connected in parallel to a battery of 12V. (a)
Calculate the equivalent resistance of the network. (b) Obtain the current in 12 and 6
resistors. [Jul 14]
7. Two resistors of resistance 3 and 6 are connected in parallel to a cell of emf 1.5V and
internal resistance 1. Calculate current through 3 and 6 and p.d across 3. [Mar 17]
8. A battery of internal resistance 3 is connected to 20 resistor and potential difference
across the resistor is 10V. If another resistor of 30  is connected in series with the first
resistor and battery is again connected to the combination, calculate the emf and terminal
p.d across the combination. [Mar 14]
9. When two resistances are connected in series with a cell of emf 2V and negligible internal
resistance, a current of 2/5A flows in the circuit. When the resistances are connected in
parallel, the main current is 5/3A. Calculate the resistances. [Mar 17]
10. When two resistances are connected in series with a cell of emf 5V and negligible internal
resistance, a current of 2A flows in the circuit. When the resistances are connected in
parallel, the main current is 25/3A. Calculate the resistances.
[Mar 19]
11. In the given circuit diagram
calculate (i) the main current through the circuit
(ii) also current through 9  resistor. [Jul 18]

12. A network of resistors is connected to a 16V battery with internal resistance 1 as shown in
fig below.
Find (a) the equivalent resistance of the network b) total current in the circuit. [Jun 19]

13. A wire of length 2m, diameter 1mm and resistivity 1.963 × 10 -8 m is connected in series
with a battery of emf 3V and internal resistance 1. Calculate the resistance of the wire and
the current in the circuit. [Jul 16]
14. Two identical cells either in series or in parallel combination, gives the same current of 0.5A
through external resistance of 4. Find the emf and internal resistance of each cell.
[Jun 15]
15. Two cells of emf 2V and 4V and internal resistance 1  and 2 respectively are connected in
parallel so as to send the current in the same direction through an external resistance of 10
. Find the potential difference across 10  resistor. [Mar 15, Aug 22]
16. A storage battery of emf 8.0 V and internal resistance 0.5 is being charged by a 120 V dc
supply using a series resistor of 15.5 . What is the terminal voltage of the battery during
charging? What is the purpose of having a series resistor in the charging circuit? [Mar 19]
17. In the following circuit, find the current I. [May 22]

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18. In the given circuit, calculate the

current through the galvanometer
[Jun 20]

19. In the given circuit, calculate the current through the

galvanometer. [Sep 21]

Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Biot-Savart’s law
Q. State and explain Laplace’s law (Biot- Savart’s Law) and write its mathematical expression in
vector form. [Mar 17]

Magnetic field due to current loop

Q. Using Biot-Savart’s law, derive the expression for the magnetic field at a point along the axis
of a current loop (circular coil). [Mar 14, Mar 15, Mar 17, Mar 18, Mar 19, Sep 21]

Magnetic dipole
Q. Derive the expression for magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron in a hydrogen
atom. [Mar 17, Mar 19]

Force on a moving charge in a magnetic field

Q. Mention the expression for force experienced by a charged particle moving in uniform
magnetic field and explain the terms [Jul 14, Mar 19]
Q. When is the force experienced by a charged particle moving in a magnetic field (i) minimum
(ii) maximum? [Jul 14, Jul 16, Jun 19]
Q. A charged particle enters a magnetic field in the direction of it. What is the nature of the path
traced by it? [Jun 15, Aug 22]
Q. A charged particle is moving parallel to a uniform magnetic field. What is the magnitude of
the force on it? [Sep 21]
Q. What is the magnitude of the magnetic force on a charged particle moving anti-parallel to a
uniform magnetic field? [May 22]

Lorent’z force
Q. What is Lorent’z force? [Jun 17]
Q. In a region an electric field E = 5  103 ĵ NC-1 and a magnetic field of B = 0.1 k̂ T are
applied. A beam of charged particles are projected along the x-direction. Find the velocity of
the charged particles which move undeflected in this cross fields. [Mar 20]

Cyclotron
Q. What is Cyclotron? [Mar 16, Sep 20]
Q. Give the principle of cyclotron. [Mar 20]
Q. Draw a neat labeled diagram of cyclotron. [Jun 19, Mar 20, Sep 20]
Q. What is the purpose of using magnetic field in the cyclotron? [Mar 17]
Q. Write the expression for cyclotron frequency and explain the terms [Jul 18]
Q. Mention uses of cyclotron? [Mar 14, Jul 14, Mar 18]

Ampere circuital law

Q. State and explain Ampere’s circuital Law.
[Jul 14, Mar 15, Jun 15, Mar 18, Jun 19, Sep 20, Sep 21]
Q. Derive the expression for magnetic field at a point due to a long straight conductor using
Ampere’s circuital law. [Jun 15, Mar 17, Mar 18, Sep 21]

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Q. Mention the expression for the magnetic field at a point inside a solenoid carrying current
and explain the terms. [Jun 19]
Q. What is a toroid? Mention the expression for the magnetic field at a point inside a toroid and
explain the terms. [Mar 16, Sep 21]

Mechanical force on a conductor in a magnetic field

Q. Write the expression for mechanical force acting on a current carrying straight conductor in a
uniform magnetic field. [Jul 18]
Q. When is the force experienced by a straight current carrying conductor in a magnetic field (i)
minimum (ii) maximum? [Sep 20]

Force between two straight conductors

Q. Derive the expression for force between two parallel current carrying conductors. Hence
define ampere. [Jun 15, Mar 16, Jul 16, Jun 17, Jul 18, Mar 20, Aug 22]
Q. Write the expression for force between two long parallel current carrying conductors. Hence
define ampere. [Mar 19]
Q. What is the nature of the force between two long straight parallel conductors when they
carry currents in the (i) same direction? (ii) opposite direction? [Mar 14, Jul 14, Mar 18]

Torque acting on a current loop

Q. With the help of a diagram, derive the expression for the torque on a rectangular loop placed
in a uniform magnetic field. [May 22]

Pointer galvanometer
Q. Define current sensitivity of a galvanometer. [Jul 18]
Q. Write the two reasons to show that, ‘the galvanometer as such cannot be used as an
ammeter’. [May 22]

Conversion of galvanometer
Q. Mention the method of converting a galvanometer into (i) an ammeter (ii) a voltmeter.
[Sep 21, May 22]
Q. Explain with a circuit diagram how a galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter.
[Mar 15, Mar 18, Mar 19, Jun 19, Sep 20]
Q. Explain with a circuit diagram how a galvanometer can be converted into a voltmeter.
[Mar 17, Jun 17, Aug 22]

Problems
1. A wire of length 0.26 m is bent to form a circular loop. If 2A of current is flowing through this
loop, calculate the magnetic field due to this loop at a point P, which is at a distance of
0.15m from its centre on its axis. [Mar 18]
2. A circular copper coil of mean radius 6.284 cm has 20 turns. If a current of 2 A is passed
through this coil, find the magnitude of the magnetic field at its centre. Also find the
magnetic dipole moment of this current coil. [May 22]
3. A galvanometer having coil of resistance 12 gives full scale deflection for a current of 4 mA.
How can it be converted into a voltmeter of range 0-24V? [Jul 16]
4. A 100 turn closely wound circular coil of radius 10 cm carries a current of 3.2A. (a) What is
the magnetic field at the centre of the coil? (b) What is the magnetic moment of this coil.
[Aug 22]

Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter

Magnetic field lines
Q. Mention the properties of magnetic field lines. [Jul 14, Mar 15, Mar 17, Mar 19]
Q. Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines for a bar magnet. [Mar 14]

Magnetic dipole
Q. State and explain Gauss law of magnetism.
[Jul 16, Mar 17, Mar 18, Mar 19, Jun 19, Sep 21]
Q. Prove that a current carrying solenoid is equivalent to bar magnet.
[Jun 17, Mar 18, May 22]
Q. Obtain the expression for period of oscillation of a magnetic dipole placed in a uniform
magnetic field and hence obtain the expression for magnetic field. [Sep 20]

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Q. Write the expression for magnetic potential energy of a dipole in a uniform magnetic field
and explain the terms [Mar 18]

Terrestrial magnetism
Q. Define declination at a place.
[Mar 14, Mar 15, Jun 15, Mar 17, Mar 18, Mar 19, Jun 19, Sep 21, May 22, Aug 22]
Q. Define inclination at a place or magnetic dip.
[Mar 14, Jun 15, Mar 17, Mar 18, Mar 19, Sep 21, Aug 22]
Q. Define horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field at a place. [Mar 14, Aug 22]
Q. Where is magnetic dip zero on the earth’s surface? [Jul 16, Jul 18]
Q. The vertical component of earth’s magnetic field at a place is 3 times its horizontal
component. Find the dip at that place. [Mar 19]

Magnetisation
Q. Define magnetisation. [Mar 16, Mar 17]
Q. Name the SI unit of magnetisation? [Jun 15, Mar 17]
Q. Define magnetic susceptibility. [Mar 14, Mar 19]
Q. Write the relation between relative permeability and magnetic susceptibility. [Mar 19]

Magnetic materials
Q. For which type of material magnetic susceptibility is low and positive? [Mar 14]
Q. State and explain Curie law. [Jun 15, Jul 16, Jul 18, Aug 22]
Q. Mention the properties of ferromagnetic materials. Give an example.
[Jul 14, Mar 16, Mar 17, May 22]
Q. Mention three distinguishing properties of diamagnetic and paramagnetic materials.
[Mar 15, Mar 17, Jun 17, Jul 18]
Q. Distinguish between diamagnetic and ferromagnetic materials on the basis of relative
permeability and susceptibility. [Jun 15]
Q. Mention three distinguishing properties of diamagnetic and ferromagnetic materials.
[Jun 19]
Q. Mention three distinguishing properties of paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials.
[Jul 16, Mar 19]
Q. Mention three properties of diamagnetic materials. [Mar 20]
Q. Mention three properties of ferromagnetic materials. [Mar 17]

Hysteresis
Q. What is Hysteresis? [Mar 18, Sep 20, Aug 22]
Q. What is the significance of Hysteresis curve? [Sep 20]
Q. Draw hysteresis curve. Or Draw the variation of magnetic field with magnetic intensity when
a ferromagnetic substance is subjected to cycle of magnetization. [Mar 16, Aug 22]
Q. What is retentivity and coercivity? [Mar 18, Jul 18, Jun 19, Mar 20]

Natural magnet and electromagnet

Q. What are permanent magnets? [Mar 17]
Q. Mention any one use of an electromagnet. [Mar 18, Mar 20, Aug 22]

Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic induction
Q. Name the phenomenon in which electric current is generated by varying magnetic fields.
[Sep 21]
Q. Explain briefly the coil-magnet experiment to demonstrate the phenomenon of
electromagnetic induction. [Mar 16, Jul 18, Sep 20]
Q. State and explain the law of electromagnetic induction or Faraday’s law of electromagnetic
induction. [Jul 14, Mar 16, Mar 17, Mar 18]

Lenz’ law
Q. State and explain Lenz's law. [Mar 14, Mar 17, Jul 18]
Q. What is the significance of Lenz's law? [Mar 15, Jul 16, Mar 17, Mar 18, Mar 20, May 22]

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Motional emf
Q. What is motional emf? [Jun 17, Mar 19, Aug 22]
Q. Derive the expression for motional EMF induced in a conductor moving in a uniform magnetic
field. [Jul 14, Mar 15, Jul 16, Mar 17]

Eddy current
Q. What is eddy current and mention how to minimise eddy current?
[Jul 14, Jun 15, Mar 17, Mar 19]
Q. Mention any three applications or advantages of eddy currents.
[Mar 14, Jul 14, Jun 15, Mar 17, Jun 17, Jun 19, Sep 20, Sep 21, May 22]
Q. Mention one advantage and one disadvantage of eddy currents. [Mar 19]

Self induction
Q. What is self induction? [Jun 15]
Q. Define self-inductance of a coil. [Jul 16]
Q. Mention any two factors on which the self-inductance of a coil depends. [Jul 18, Aug 22]
Q. How is the self inductance of a solenoid, depend on number of turns in the coil? [Mar 19]
Q. Derive the expression for energy stored in the coil (or solenoid) carrying current. [Jun 15]
Q. Mention the expression for energy stored in the coil carrying current. [Mar 14, Mar 17]

Mutual induction
Q. Define mutual inductance between pair of coils. [Jul 16]

AC generator
Q. With the help of a labeled diagram, derive an expression for instantaneous induced emf in an
AC generator. Represent the variation of this emf with time graphically.
[Jun 19, Mar 20, Sep 21, Aug 22]
Q. Give the working principle of AC generator. Why the current generated by it is called
alternating current? [May 22]

Problems
1. The magnetic flux linked with a coil varies as  = 3t2 + 4t + 9, what is the magnitude of
induced emf at 0.25 s? [Jun 17]
2. Current in a coil falls from 2.5A to 2.0A in 0.01 s, calculate the induced emf in a coil if its self
inductance is 5mH. [Mar 16, Sep 20]
3. The current in a coil falls from 25 mA to 0 mA in 1 ms and induces an emf of 10 V in it. Find
the self-inductance of the coil. [May 22]
4. Calculate the change in current in an inductor of 5 mH in which the emf induced is 250 V in
10-2 s. [Mar 19]
5. A long solenoid with 20 turns per cm has a small loop of area 2.5 cm2 placed inside the
solenoid normal to its axis. If the current carried by the solenoid changes steadily from 0.2 A
to 0.6 A in 0.1 s, calculate the induced emf in the loop while the current is changing.
[Mar 18]
6. A circular coil of radius 10 cm and 25 turns is rotated about its vertical diameter with an
angular speed of 40 rads-1, in a uniform horizontal magnetic field of magnitude 50 mT.
Calculate the peak value of emf induced in the coil. Also find the peak value of current in the
coil if the resistance of the coil is 15. [Mar 18]
7. A conductor of length 3m is moving in a uniform magnetic field of strength 100T. It covers a
distance of 70 m in 5 s. Its plane of motion makes an angle of 30o with the direction of
magnetic field. Calculate the emf induced in it. [Mar 19]

Chapter 7: Alternating Current

Alternating current
Q. Mention the expression for rms value of alternating voltage in terms of peak value.
[Mar 14, Jun 17]
Q. If the peak value of an ac is 4.24A, then find its rms value? [Mar 18, Aug 22]

AC applied to pure resistor

Q. Show that voltage and current are in phase with each other when AC is applied to a pure
resistor. [Mar 18]

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10 Compiled by HB, M’lore

AC applied to pure inductor

Q. Obtain the expression for the current in an ac circuit containing a pure inductor. or

Show that voltage leads current by , when A.C. voltage applied to pure inductance.
2
[Mar 15, Mar 19, May 22, Aug 22]
Q. What is the power loss in an ac circuit containing pure inductor? [Mar 17]

AC applied to pure capacitor

Q. What is the power factor of an AC circuit containing pure capacitor? [Jun 17]
Q. How does capacitive reactance vary with frequency of ac? [Mar 20]

Series LCR circuit

Q. Obtain the expression for impedance and current in a series LCR circuit using phasor
diagram. [Mar 18, Mar 19]

Electrical resonance
Q. Write the condition for electrical resonance in series LCR circuit. [Jul 18]
Q. What is resonant frequency? Write the expression for resonant frequency. [Sep 20]
Q. Derive the expression for resonant frequency or resonant angular frequency. [Jul 14]
Q. What is wattless current? [Jul 18]

LC oscillation
Q. What is LC oscillation? [Mar 17]
Q. Mention the expression for natural frequency of LC oscillations and explain the terms.
[Mar 17, May 22]

Transformer
Q. What is transformer? Mention its principle of working.
[Mar 14, Jun 15, Mar 16, Mar 17, Aug 22]
Q. Explain the construction and working of transformer. [Mar 14, Jul 16, Mar 18]

Q. What is a transformer? Mention the sources of energy losses in a transformer.

[Jun 15, Mar 16, Mar 17, Mar 18, Mar 19, Jun 19, Mar 20, Sep 21, May 22]

Problems
1. A pure inductor of 25.0 mH is connected to a source of 220 V. Find the inductive reactance
and rms current in the circuit if the frequency of the source is 50 Hz. [Jul 14]
2. An inductor and bulb are connected in series to an AC source of 220V, 50 Hz ac source. A
current of 11A flows in the circuit and phase angle between voltage and current is /4 radian.
Calculate the impedance and inductance of the circuit. [Jul 16]
3. A sinusoidal voltage of peak value 283 V and frequency 50 Hz is applied to a series LCR
circuit in which R = 3, L = 25.48 mH, and C = 796 F. Find (a) the impedance of the
circuit; (b) the phase difference between the voltage across the source and the current (c)
the power factor (d) Average power dissipated in the circuit. [Mar 15, Mar 17, Jun 19]
4. A sinusoidal voltage of peak value 285 V is applied to a series LCR circuit in which R = 5, L
= 28.5 mH, and C = 800 F. Find (a) resonant frequency (b) Calculate the impedance,
current and power dissipated at resonance. [Jun 17]
5. A 20 resistor, 1.5 H inductor and 35F capacitor are connected in series with a 220V, 50 Hz
ac supply. Calculate the impedance of the circuit and also find the current through the circuit.
[Jul 18]
6. A resistor 100, a pure inductance coil of L = 0.5 H and capacitor are in series in a circuit
containing an ac of 200V, 50 Hz. In the circuit current is ahead of the voltage by 30o. Find
the value of the capacitance. [Jun 15]
7. An ac source of 110V, 50 Hz is connected in series with a 50 resistor, 15F capacitor and
2200H inductor in series. Find impedance and current through the circuit. [Mar 17]
8. An ac source of 200V, 50 Hz is connected in series with a 3 resistor, 790F capacitor and
25mH inductor in series. Find impedance and current through the circuit. [Sep 20]
9. Obtain the resonant frequency of a series LCR circuit with pure inductor of inductance 5.0 H,
a capacitor of capacitance 20 F and resistor of resistance 40. Find (a) Q-value of this
circuit (b) band width (c) Impedance at resonant condition. [Mar 14, Mar 16, Mar 20]

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10. A source of alternating emf of 220V, 50 Hz is connected in series with a resistance of 200
and inductance 0.1 H and capacitance of 30F. Does the current lead or lag the voltage and
by what angle? [Mar 17]
11. An inductor 200 mH, a capacitor of capacitance 500F and a resistor of resistance 10  are
connected in series to a 100 V variable frequency ac source. Calculate (a) frequency at which
the power factor of the circuit is unity (b) current amplified at this frequency (c) Q factor.
[Mar 19]
7
12. An ac source 230V, 50 Hz is connected in series with 50 resistor, H inductor and
44
7
 10−4 F capacitor. Find the phase angle between the current in the circuit and the source
22
voltage. State whether the current leads or lags behind the voltage in the circuit. [Sep 21]

Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves

Conduction current and displacement current

Q. What is conduction current? [Mar 17]
Q. Define displacement current. [Jun 15, Mar 17, Mar 20, May 22, Aug 22]
Q. Write the expression for displacement current. [Jun 15, Mar 15, Mar 20, May 22, Aug 22]

Electromagnetic waves
Q. What are electromagnetic waves? [Jul 16, Mar 19]
Q. How are electromagnetic waves produced? [Mar 19]
Q. Who predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves? Give the wavelengths of
electromagnetic spectrum. [Mar 14, Aug 22]
Q. Write the expression for speed of electromagnetic wave in vacuum in terms of permeability
of free space and permittivity of free space. [Jul 16, Jun 17, Mar 19]
Q. Write the relation between the magnitude of the electric and magnetic fields in an
electromagnetic wave. [May 22]

Electromagnetic spectrum
Q. Give the wavelength range of electromagnetic spectrum. [Mar 14, Sep 20]
Q. Arrange the following electromagnetic waves in ascending order of their wavelength:
Radio waves, Gamma rays, IR waves and X-rays. [Mar 20]
Q. Mention the wavelength range of X-rays? [Mar 16]
Q. What are the uses of X-ray? [Mar 18]
Q. Name the type of electromagnetic rays lying between ultraviolet and gamma rays. [May 22]
Q. What are the uses of UV rays? [Jul 18, Jun 19]
Q. What are the uses of IR rays? [Mar 15, Mar 18, Sep 20]
Q. What are the uses of microwaves? [Jul 14, Mar 17]
Q. Which electromagnetic waves are used in radio communication? [Sep 21]

Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Reflection through spherical mirror

Q. Arrive at the relation between the focal length and radius of curvature of a spherical concave
mirror. [Mar 18, Jun 19, Mar 20]
Q. Mention the relation between the focal length and radius of curvature of a spherical concave
mirror. [Aug 22]

Refraction through plane surface

Q. State the laws of refraction [Jul 14]
Q. A blue ray of light enters an optically denser medium from air. What happens to its frequency
in denser medium? [Jul 18]

Total internal reflection

Q. Define critical angle. [Jun 17]
Q. What is total internal reflection? [Jul 16, Mar 17, Mar 19, Sep 20]
Q. Mention the conditions for total internal reflection.
[Jun 15, Mar 17, Jun 17, Mar 19, Sep 20]

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Q. Mention three applications of total internal reflection of light. [Mar 14]

Q. Mention three applications of optical fibre. [Jul 16, Aug 22]

Scattering of light
Q. Why does sky appear blue? [Mar 20, Aug 22]
Q. Give the reasons for the following statements: (a) The sun is visible a little before the actual
sunrise & until a little after the actual sunset (b) The sky appears blue. [May 22]

Refraction through a prism

Q. Derive the expression for the refractive index of the material of a prism in terms of the angle
of the prism and angle of minimum deviation. [Mar 15, Mar 17, Mar 19]
Q. The following ray diagram shows a ray of light passing through an equilateral prism in
minimum deviation position. What is the value of r in it? [Sep 21]

Refraction through curved surface

Q. Derive the relation between n1, n2, u, v and R for refractrion at a single spherical surface.
[Mar 18]

Refraction through a lens

Q Define power of a lens [Aug 22]
Q. How does the power of a lens vary with its focal length?
[Mar 15, Mar 16, Mar 17, Sep 20, Aug 22]
Q. Derive lens maker’s formula. [Jun 15, Jul 16, Mar 17, Jun 17, Mar 19, May 22]
Q. For which position of the object magnification of convex lens is -1? [Mar 19]

Combination of lenses
Q. Derive an expression for effective focal length of combination of two thin lenses in contact
[Mar 16, Jul 18, Sep 21, Aug 22]
Q. Two lenses of power -0.5D and +1.5D are kept in contact. Find the effective power of the
combination. [Mar 18]

Simple microscope
Q. Draw the ray diagram for formation of image in simple microscope. [Mar 19]

Compound microscope
Q. Draw the ray diagram of a Compound Microscope when the image is formed at near point or
least distance of distinct vision. [Mar 15]

Telescope
Q. Draw the ray diagram for formation of image by a refracting telescope and write the
expression for magnifying power of telescope. [Mar 17]

Problems
1. Two convex lenses of focal lengths 0.20 m and 0.30 m are kept in contact. Find the focal
length of the combination. Calculate powers of two lenses and combination. [Mar 14]
2. An equilateral prism produces a minimum deviation of 40o. What is the R.I of the material of
the prism? Calculate the angle of incidence. [Jul 14]
3. An equilateral prism is made of glass. When a beam of light is incident on a face of the prism
the angle of minimum deviation is found to be 40o. Calculate the R.I of the prism. If this
prism is placed in water of R.I 1.33, find the new angle of minimum deviation for the parallel
beam of light. [Mar 17, Mar 18]

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4. A ray of light passes through an equilateral glass prism such that the refracted ray inside the
prism is parallel to its base. Calculate the (a) Angle of deviation of the ray and (b) Speed of
light ray inside the prism.
Given: the refractive index of glass = 3/2 and the speed of light in vacuum = 3 x 108 ms-1
[May 22]
5. The refractive index of an equilateral prism is 1.532. If this prism is placed in water of R.I
1.33, then find the angle of minimum deviation. [Sep 20]
6. At what angle should a ray of light be incident on the face of an equilateral prism, so that it
just suffers total internal reflection at the other face? The refractive index of the material of
the prism is 1.5. [Mar 20]
7. The radii of curvature of two surfaces of a convex lens is 0.2 m and 0.22 m. Find the focal
length of the lens if refractive index of the material of lens is 1.5. Also find the change in
focal length, if it is immersed in water of R.I 1.33. [Jul 18]
8. An object of height 3 cm is placed 14 cm in front of a concave lens of focal length 21 cm.
Find the position, nature and size of the image formed. [Jun 19]

Chapter 10: Wave optics

Wavefront
Q. What is a wavefront? [Mar 14, Sep 21]
Q. What is the shape of the wavefront from a point source at a finite distance? [Sep 21]
Q. Derive Snell’s law using Huygens Principle. [Mar 17, Mar 18]
Q. Using Huygens Principle, show that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
during a plane wavefront reflected by a plane surface. [Jun 19, Mar 20, May 22, Aug 22]

Interference of light
Q. What is meant by interference of light? [Mar 15]
Q. Give the condition for constructive and destructive interference in terms of path difference
between the interfering waves. [Mar 15, Jul 16]
Q. Explain the theory of interference of two waves of the same amplitude and write the
condition for constructive interference in terms of path difference and phase difference.
[Mar 18]
Q. What are coherent sources? [May 22]

Young’s double slit experiment

Q. Describe Young’s double slit experiment. [Jun 15]
Q. Obtain the expression for the fringe width of interference fringes in Young’s double slit
experiment. [Mar 14, Jul 14, Mar 17, Jul 18, Jun 19, Mar 20, Sep 20]

Diffraction of light
Q. What is diffraction of light? [Mar 19, Sep 20]
Q. Write differences between diffraction pattern and interference. [Jun 17]

Resolving power
Q. Define resolving power of a microscope. How can we increase it for a given wavelength of
light used? [Mar 19]
Q. Mention the expressions for limit of resolution of (a) microscope and (b) telescope. [Jul 14]
Q. Mention the methods of increasing resolving power of microscope. [Jul 14, Mar 20]
Q. Mention the method of increasing resolving power of telescope. [Mar 16]
Q. Mention the expressions for resolving power of microscope and explain the terms. [Mar 17]
Q. Mention the expressions for resolving power of telescope and explain the terms. [Aug 22]
Q. How does the resolving power of a telescope change on increasing the diameter of the
objective lens? [May 22]

Polarisation
Q. What is polarisation of light? Or When do we say that light is plane polarised?
[Jul 18, Mar 19, Sep 20]
Q. Mention any two methods of producing plane polarised light [Jul 18, Sep 20]
Q. Represent the plane polarised light diagrammatically. [Mar 17]

Polarisation by reflection
Q. What is Brewster’s angle? [Mar 17]

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Q. State and arrive Brewster’s law in polarisation. [Mar 18]

Q. For which angle of incidence reflected ray is completely polarised? [Mar 19, Aug 22]

Malus law
Q. State and explain Malus Law. [Mar 14]
Q. Write the formula for Malus law. [Jul 16, Aug 22]

Polaroids
Q. Mention three applications of polaroids. [Mar 16, Mar 17, May 22]

Problems
1. In young’s double slit experiment while using a source of wavelength 4500Å, the fringe width
obtained is 5mm. If the distance between the screen and plane of the slits is reduced to half,
what should be the wavelength of the light required to get fringes of width 4mm? [Jul 16]
2. In young’s double slit experiment while using a source of wavelength 6000Å, the fringe width
obtained is 6mm. If the distance between the screen and plane of the slits is reduced to half,
what should be the wavelength of the light required to get fringes of width 4mm? [Mar 17]
3. A beam of light consisting of two wavelengths 420 nm and 560 nm is used to obtain
interference fringes in Young’s double slit experiment. The distance between the slits is 0.3
mm and the distance between the slits and the screen is 1.5 m. Compute the least distance
of the point from the central maximum, where the bright fringes due to both the
wavelengths coincide. [Jun 15]
4. In Young’s double slit experiment, fringes of certain width are produced on the screen kept
at a certain distance from the slits. When the screen is moved away from the slits by 0.1 m,
fringe width increases by 60m. The separation between the slits is 1 mm. Calculate
wavelength of light used. [Mar 16]
5. In Young’s double-slit experiment distance between the slits is 1 mm. The fringe width is
found to be 0.6 mm. When the screen is moved through a distance of 0.25 m the fringe
width becomes 0.75 mm. Find the wavelength of the light used. [Mar 15]
6. In Young’s double slit experiment distance between the slits is 0.5 mm. When the screen is
kept at a distance of 100 cm from the slits the distance of 9th bright fringe from the central
fringe system is 8.835 mm. Find the wavelength of light used. [Jun 17]
7. In Young’s double slit experiment the distance of the screen from the double slit is 2m. When
light of wavelength 550 nm is incident on the double slit, fringes of width 2mm are obtained.
Determine the separation between the slits. Find the fringe width when light of wavelength
400 nm is used. [Mar 17]
8. In Young’s double slit experiment the slits are separated by 0.28 mm and the screen is
placed at a distance of 1.4 m away from the slits. The distance between the central bright
fringe and the fifth dark fringe is measured to be 1.35 cm. Calculate the wavelength of the
light used. Also find the fringe width if the screen is moved 0.4 m towards the slits for the
same experimental setup. [Mar 18]
9. In Young’s double slit experiment the slits are separated by 1.2 mm and the screen is placed
at a distance of 0.75 m away from the slits. The distance between the central bright fringe
and the fifth bright fringe is measured to be 1.8 mm. Calculate the wavelength of the light
used. Also find the distance of 5th dark fringe from the centre of the screen. [Mar 19]
10. In Young’s double slit experiment wavelength of light used is 500 nm and distance between
the slits is 2mm, distance of the screen from the slits is 1m. Find the fringe width and also
calculate the distance of 7th dark fringe from central bright fringe. [Mar 19]
11. Two narrow slits separated by 0.2 mm are illuminated by a light of wavelength 400 nm. An
interference fringe pattern is obtained on a screen placed 2m from the slits. Find (a) fringe
width (b) now fringe width when the slits separation is halved. Also find the change in fringe
width [Sep 21]
12. Two slits separated by 1 mm in Young’s double slit experiment are illuminated by the violet
light of the wavelength 400 nm. The interference fringes are obtained on the screen placed
at 1 m from the slits. Find the fringe width. If the violet light is replaced by the light of the
wavelength 700 nm, find the percentage change in fringe width. [May 22]

Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Electron emission
Q. Mention three types of electron emissions. [Mar 14, Mar 19, Jun 19]

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Q. What is meant by photoelectric emission? [Sep 21]

Q. Define electron volt. [Jul 16]

Photoelectric effect
Q. Mention Hallwachs’ and Lenard’s observations. [Jun 15]
Q. Define work function. [Jun 15, Jul 16, Jun 17, Mar 18, Mar 20, May 22]
Q. Define threshold frequency. [Jun 15, Jun 17, Mar 18]
Q. Mention five experimental observations of photoelectric effect (or laws of photoelectric
emission). [Mar 16, Mar 17, Jul 18, Mar 19, Sep 20, Sep 21, May 22]
Q. Write Einstein’s photoelectric equation and explain the terms. [Mar 20]
Q. Write Einstein’s equation of photoelectric effect. Give Einstein’s explanation of photoelectric
effect. [Mar 15, Mar 19]
Q. Define stopping potential. [Jun 15, Jun 17]

Photon
Q. Mention three properties of photon. [Mar 14, Mar 18]
Q. What is the rest mass of a photon? [Jun 19]

Matter waves
Q. What are matter waves or de-Broglie waves? [Jul 16, Jun 17, May 22]
Q. What is de-Broglie wavelength? [Mar 17]
Q. How does the de-Broglie wavelength vary with momentum of moving particle? [Jun 17]
Q. Write the expression for the de-Broglie wavelength of a moving particle and explain the
terms. [Jul 16, Mar 17, Sep 21, Aug 22]
Q. Write the de-Broglie wavelength of electrons in terms of electric potential and explain the
terms. [Mar 19]
Q. Name an experiment which verified the wave nature of electrons. [May 22]
Q. What is the outcome (conclusions) of Davisson Germer experiment? [Mar 15, Mar 17]
Q. Calculate de-Broglie wavelength associated with an electron moving with a speed of 2105
ms-1. Given h = 6.625  10-34 Js, me = 9.11  10-31 kg. [Jul 18]
Q. An alpha particle, a proton and an electron are moving with equal kinetic energy. Which one
of these particles has the longest de-Broglie wavelength? Give reason. [Mar 20]

Problems
1. The work function of caesium metal is 2.14 eV. When light of frequency 6 × 1014Hz is
incident on the metal surface, photoemission of electrons occurs. What is the (a) energy of
the incident photons (b) maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons. (c) Stopping
potential, and (d) maximum speed of the emitted photoelectrons? Given h = 6.63  10-34 Js,
e = 1.6 x 10-19 C, me = 9.1 × 10-31kg [Jul 14]
2. Light of frequency 8.41  1014 Hz is incident on a metal surface. Electrons with their
maximum speed of 7.5  105 ms-1 are ejected from the surface. Calculate the threshold
frequency for photoemission of electrons. Also find the work function of the metal in eV.
Given Planck’s constant = 6.625  10-34 Js and mass of the electron = 9.1 10-31 kg.
[Mar 18]
3. Light of frequency 7.21  1014 Hz is incident on a metal surface. Electrons with their
maximum speed of 6.0  105 ms-1 are ejected from the surface. Calculate the threshold
frequency for photoemission of electrons. Given Planck’s constant = 6.626  10-34 Js. Mass of
the electron = 9.1 x 10-31 kg. Also find the work function in eV. [Mar 17, Aug 22]

Chapter 12: Atoms

Atomic models
Q. Draw the schematic diagram of Geiger-Marsden (Rutherford’s) experiment.
[Mar 18, May 22]
Q. What is impact parameter? When it is minimum? [Mar 17, Aug 22]

Bohr’s theory
Q. Mention Bohr’s first postulate of hydrogen atom. [Sep 21]
Q. State and explain Bohr’s postulates of hydrogen atom.
[Mar 14, Jun 15, Mar 17, Mar 18, Mar 19, May 22]

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Radius of orbit
Q. Obtain the expression for radius of nth orbit of H-atom. Hence write the expression for Bohr
radius. [Mar 15, Mar 20, Sep 20]

Energy of electron
Q. Obtain the expression for energy of the electron in the nth orbit of H-atom.
[Jul 14, Jul 16, Jun 17, Jul 18, Jun 19]
Q. Write the expression for energy of the electron in the nth orbit of H-atom. [Mar 19]

Hydrogen spectral series

Q. Draw the energy level diagram of hydrogen atom and sketch the different spectral series in
it. [Mar 19]
Q. Name the spectral series of hydrogen which lies in the ultraviolet region of electromagnetic
spectrum. [Mar 15, Mar 18]
Q. Name the spectral series of hydrogen which lies in the visible region of electromagnetic
spectrum. [Jun 15, Jun 19]
Q. Mention the limitations of Bohr model. [Mar 14, Mar 18, Mar 19, Sep 20]

Excitation and Ionisation

Q. What is meant by the ionization energy of an atom? [May 22]

de-Broglie’s explanation
Q. Give de Broglie’s explanation of Bohr’s second postulate of quantisation. [Mar 18]

Problems
1. Calculate the shortest and longest wavelength of Ballmer series of hydrogen atom. Given R =
1.097 x 107 m-1. [Mar 16]
2. The first member of the Balmer series of hydrogen atom has wavelength 6563Å. Calculate
the wavelength and frequency of the second member of the same series. c = 3 × 108 ms-1.
[Mar 17, Aug 22]
3. Calculate the wave number, wavelength and frequency of H line of hydrogen spectrum.
R = 1.097 x 107 m-1, c = 3 × 108 ms-1. [Mar 17]
4. Calculate the wavelength of series limit of Balmer series of Hydrogen. State the region of
electromagnetic spectrum to which this line belongs. Take Rydberg constant = 107 m-1
[Sep 21]
Chapter 13: Nuclei
Nuclei
Q. What are isotopes? Give example. [Jul 14, Mar 16, Jun 19]
Q. What are isobars? Give example. [Mar 16, Sep 21, Aug 22]

Properties of nucleus
Q. What is the ratio of nuclear densities of two nuclei having mass number in the ratio 1:3?
[Jul 16]
Q. What is the order of the density of a nucleus? [Mar 19]

Mass defect and binding energy

Q. Define mass defect and binding energy. Write the relation between them. [May 22]
Q. Define specific binding energy. [Mar 15]
Q. Mention the element which has highest specific binding energy. [Mar 17]

Nuclear force
Q. What is a nuclear force? Mention its properties. [Jul 14, Mar 16, Mar 18, Sep 21]

Nuclear fission and fusion

Q. Fusion reaction requires very high temperature. Why? [Mar 17]

Radioactivity
Q. The decay of proton to neutron is possible only inside the nucleus. Why? [Mar 18]
Q. A radioactive element 92U238 undergoes -decay giving rise to thorium. What is the mass
number of daughter nuclide? [Jul 18]
Q. Write the nuclear reaction equation for alpha decay of 92U238. [Mar 20]

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Decay law
Q. State and explain radioactive decay law. [Mar 14, Mar 17]
Q. Derive N = Noe-t for a radioactive element. [Mar 17, Aug 22]

Activity
Q. Name the SI unit of activity? [Jun 15, Mar 17, Sep 20, Aug 22]

Half and mean life

Q. Define half-life. [Jul 14, Mar 17, Jun 17, Mar 18]
Q. Derive the expression for half-life of a radioactive element. [Jul 14, Mar 17, Mar 18]
Q. Identify the particle X in the following reaction:
n ⎯→ p + e-1 + X [Mar 16]
Q. Write the relation between half-life and mean life. [Mar 19]

Problems
1. Calculate the mass defect and specific binding energy of 7N14, given that the rest mass of
nitrogen nucleus is 14.00307 u, mP = 1.00783 u and mn = 1.00867 u. [Mar 14, Mar 18]
2. Calculate binding energy and binding energy per nucleon of an oxygen nucleus 8O16. Rest
mass of oxygen nucleus is 15.995 u, mass of proton = 1.007825 u and mass of neutron =
1.008665 u. [Jun 17]
3. Calculate the binding energy of an alpha particle in MeV. Rest mass of helium nucleus =
4.00260 u, mass of proton = 1.007825 u and mass of neutron = 1.008662 u.
[Jun 19, Sep 20]
4. The activity of a radioactive substance is 4700 per minute. Five minutes later the activity
reduces to 2700 per minute. Find (a) decay constant (b) half-life of the radioactive
substance. [Jul 16]
5. The normal activity of living carbon (C-14) containing matter in found to be about 15 decays
per minute per gram of carbon. A specimen found in an archaeological excavation has an
activity of 1.5 decays per minute per gram of carbon matter. Estimate the age of the
specimen. Given: the half-life of carbon (C-14) is 5730 years. [May 22]
6. A given copper coin has a mass 63.0 g, calculate the nuclear energy that would be required
to separate all the neutrons and protons from each other. Assume that the coin is entirely
made of 29Cu63 atoms of mass = 62.92960u. Given NA = 6.022×1023
mp = 1.00727 u, mn = 1.00866 u. [Mar 20]
7. Determine the mass of Na22 which has an activity of 5 mCi. Half life of Na22 is 2.6 years.
Avogadro number = 6.023 × 1023 [Mar 15]
8. Determine the mass of Pb214 which has an activity of 2Ci. Half life of Na22 is 26.8 minutes.
Avogadro number = 6.023 × 1023 atoms [Mar 19]
9. Calculate the half life and mean life of Radium 226 of activity 1Ci. Given mass of Radium 226
is 1g. 226 g of radium consists of 6.023 × 1023 atoms. [Jun 15]
10. The half life of a radioactive sample 38Sr90 is 28 years. Calculate the rate of disintegration of
15 mg of this isotope. Given Avogadro number = 6.023  1023 [Jul 18]
11. Half life of U-238 undergoing -decay is 4.5  109 years. What is the activity of one gram of
U-238 sample? [Mar 19]

Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics

Semiconductor
Q. Give an example for elemental semiconductor. [May 22]

Band theory of solids

Q. Explain conduction band, valence band and energy gap in semiconductor. [Mar 19]
Q. Explain the formation of energy bands in solids. On the basis of energy bands distinguish
between a metal, a semiconductor and an insulator. [Mar 14]
Q. Classify metals, semiconductors and insulators based on the band theory of solids with
diagram. [Mar 15, Mar 18]

Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor

Q. What are intrinsic semiconductors? [Jun 15]
Q. Write three differences between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor.
[Mar 19, Mar 20, May 22]

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p-type and n-type semiconductor

Q. Name the element used as dopant to obtain p-type semiconductor. [Jun 15]
Q. Distinguish between n-type and p-type semiconductor.
[Jul 14, Jul 16, Mar 17, Mar 18, Mar 19, Aug 22]

p-n junction diode

Q. What is depletion region in a semiconductor diode? [Mar 18]
Q. Describe the action of a p-n junction when it is forward biased. [Aug 22]
Q. Describe the action of a p-n junction when it is (i) forward biased (ii) reverse biased with I-V
characteristics [Jul 18]

Rectifiers
Q. What is rectification? [Jun 15, Mar 16, Mar 17, Mar 18, Jun 19, Mar 20, Aug 22]
Q. What is a rectifier? [Mar 18, May 22]
Q. Write the neat circuit diagram of a half wave rectifier and explain its working. Draw the input
and output waveforms. [Mar 18, Jun 19, Mar 20, Sep 21, Aug 22]
Q. Write the neat circuit diagram of a full wave rectifier and explain its working. Draw the input
and output waveforms. [Jul 14, Jun 15, Mar 16, Mar 17, May 22]

Zener diode
Q. What is a zener diode? [Sep 20]
Q. Explain the working of zener diode as a voltage regulator.
[Mar 14, Jun 17, Jul 18, Sep 20]
Q. Under which bias Zener diode works as voltage regulator? [Mar 17]

Optoelectronic junction devices

Q. What are optoelectronic devices? Name any two optoelectronic devices. [Sep 20]
Q. What is a photodiode? [Mar 15]
Q. Mention the applications photodiode. [Mar 15]
Q. Mention the applications LED. [Jul 14, Mar 17]
Q. Mention two advantages of LED over conventional incandescent low power lamps.
[Jun 17, Jul 18, May 22]
Q. Which compound semiconductor is used for making LEDs of different colours? [Mar 19]

Logic gates
Q. What is logic gate? [Sep 21]
Q. Write the circuit symbol and truth table of OR gate. [Mar 14]
Q. Write the circuit symbol and truth table of AND gate.
[Jul 14, Mar 17, Jun 17, Mar 18, Aug 22]
Q. Which logic gate is used as inverter? [Sep 20]
Q. Draw the circuit symbol of NOR gate. [Mar 17, Mar 20]
Q. Draw the circuit symbol of NOT gate and AND gate. [Sep 21, May 22]
Q. What is NAND gate? [Mar 17, Jun 19]
Q. Write the circuit symbol and truth table of NAND gate. [Mar 16, Jul 16, Mar 17, Jun 19]
Q. Write the output of the NAND gate if A = 1 and B = 0. [Jun 15]
Q. [Mar 18]

Q.
Identify the logic gate [Mar 19]

A•
B• o o •Y

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18 | P a g e Compiled by HB - Mangaluru