BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY

Main Campus, College of Engineering and Architecture

Capitol Drive, Capitol Compound, Balanga City 2100, Bataan

A Feasibility/ Project Study on

THE ABUKAWAN ECO-PARK:

DESIGNING OF MANGROVE CONSERVATION AND TOURISM CENTER FOR THE
COMMUNITY OF ABUCAY, BATAAN

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in

Architecture for the Course Research Methods for Architecture, AY 2021 - 2022

Student:
GEALONE, MARIAN L.

Program, Year and Section:

BS ARCHITECTURE, 4TH YEAR C

Date:
JULY 11 2022
 APPROVAL SHEET

This is to certify that we have supervised the preparation of and read the
feasibility/ project study or research report prepared by Marian L. Gealone entitled The
Abukawan Eco-Park: Designing of Mangrove Conservation and Tourism Center
for the Community of Abucay, Bataan and that the said feasibility/ project or research
report has been submitted for presentation by Jury Committee of RMAR0423.

_______________________________________
Ar. John Paul R. Austria, UAP, Green AP
RMAR0423 Adviser

As members of the Jury Committee of RMAR0423, we certify that we have

examined this feasibility/ project study or research report, presented before the
committee on 01 JULY 2022, and hereby recommend that it be accepted as fulfillment
of the feasibility/ project study/ or research report requirement for the degree in
Bachelor of Science in Architecture (Research Methods for Architecture).

______________________________ ________________________________
Ar. Georelle Callel R. Hernandez, UAP Ar. Noel T. Crisostomo, UAP

This feasibility study/ project study or research report is hereby approved and accepted
by the College of Engineering and Architecture as fulfillment of the feasibility/ project
study or research report requirement for the degree in Bachelor of Science in
Architecture (Research Methods for Architecture)

________________________________ __________________________
Ar. Shiela Marie R. Buce, UAP, MSCM Engr. Nelson S. Andres

2|The Abukawan Eco-Park

 Department Head, Architecture Dean, College of Engineering and
Architecture

3|The Abukawan Eco-Park

 ABSTRACT

The Abukwan Eco-Park: Designing of Mangrove Conservation and Tourism

Center for the Community of Abucay Bataan

Marian L. Gealone

Bachelor of Science in Architecture course in

Bataan Peninsula State University, 2022

  RMAR0423 Adviser: Ar. John Paul R. Austria, UAP, Green AP

This study aims to build The Abukawan Eco-Park: Designing of Mangrove

Conservation and Tourism Center for the Community that can help to minimize
the damage to property. It can also attract tourists, which can help the locals sell
their products. Mangrove is a good defense when it comes to lessening the
destruction brought by calamities. It also has good qualities in protecting marine
wildlife.
The objectives of The Abukawan Eco-Park are to provide a knowledge to
educate people of how to conserve and protect the mangroves. Also, to know the
importance and information about mangrove. This project serves as gathering
place for bonding and relaxation. Promoting a local product manufactured by the
locals and also it provides a tourist attraction for people interested in exploring
mangrove forest.

4|The Abukawan Eco-Park

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………….. 2
Approval Sheet ………………………………………………………………….. 3
Abstract ………………………………………………………………………….. 4
Chapter 1: Introduction ………………………………………………………….. 7
Background of the Study ………………………………………………….. 8
Statement of the Problem ………………………………………………….. 9
Significance of the Study ………………………………………………….. 10
Goals and Objectives ………………………………………………….. 11
Scope and Delimitations ………………………………………………….. 12
Justification of the Study ………………………………………………….. 12
Definition of terms, abbreviations, and concepts………………………….. 13
Chapter 2: Systems of Research ………………………………………………….. 14
Chapter 3: Terms of References ………………………………………………….. 19
Review of Related Literature ………………………………………….. 20
Case Studies ………………………………………………………….. 25
Chapter 4: Data Presentation and Analysis ………………………………….. 44
Site Inventory ………………………………………………………….. 45
Site Selection ………………………………………………………….. 45
Site Selection Criteria ………………………………………………….. 45
Gross Site Selection ………………………………………….. 49
Discrete Site Selection ………………………………………….. 55
Site Data ………………………………………………………………….. 59
Macro Site Data ………………………………………………….. 59
Micro Site Data ………………………………………………….. 80
Site Analysis ………………………………………………………….. 84
SWOT Analysis ………………………………………………….. 84
Summary of Site Analysis ………………………………………….. 85
Chapter 5: Architectural Programming ………………………………………….. 86

5|The Abukawan Eco-Park

 Spatial Organization ………………………………………………….. 87
Graphical Spatial Translations ………………………………………….. 91
User Analysis ………………………………………………………….. 92
Chapter 6: Environmental System ………………………………………….. 105
Structural Systems ………………………………………………………….. 106
Electrical Systems ………………………………………………………….. 108
Mechanical Systems ………………………………………………….. 109
Fire-fighting Systems ………………………………………………….. 111
Sanitary Systems ………………………………………………………….. 112
Water Supply ………………………………………………….. 112
Sanitary Drainage ………………………………………………….. 113
Waste Management System ………………………………………….. 114
Landscape Systems ………………………………………………….. 115
Chpater 7: Design Framework ………………………………………………….. 117
Design Philosophy ………………………………………………………….. 118
Design Concept ………………………………………………………….. 118
Sub-Concepts ………………………………………………………….. 119
Style Guiding Principles ………………………………………………….. 122
Chapter 8: Manner of Financing ………………………………………………….. 129
Source of Funding ………………………………………………………….. 130
Probable Project Construction Cost ………………………………….. 130
Return of Investment/ Maintenance Sustainability ………………….. 133
Chapter 9: Findings and Conclusion ………………………………………….. 137
Chapter 10: Recommendations ………………………………………………….. 140

6|The Abukawan Eco-Park

 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

7|The Abukawan Eco-Park

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

There are various ways to avoid flooding, such as repairing the drainage
system to eliminate blockages that cause flooding. Another option is to restore or
raise the sea walls along the coast to decrease the impact of strong storm
waves. However, most people are unaware that there is another approach that is
more successful in reducing floods and surges: mangroves. According to
(Kathiresan & Rejendran.,2005) Coastal mangrove forests can mitigate high
waves, even tsunamis. By observing the casualties of the tsunami of 26
December 2004, the effectiveness of mangrove forest in reducing the impact of
waves. Human death and loss of wealth were lower in areas of dense mangrove
forests. Mangrove forest can also reduce soil erosion because of its aerial roots it
retains sediments and prevent erosion.
Mangrove forest provides numerous benefits to ecosystem, there are
mangrove ecotourism parks in other places that attempt to preserve and
conserve the mangrove forests in their areas while also serving as a popular
tourist destination. As a result, the researcher proposed a mangrove ecotourism
park with the goal of protecting the mangrove trees while also educating tourists
about the value of mangroves to environment and how mangroves serve to
preserve individuals in the instance of a storm or tsunami because there are
areas where people are affected by floods, waves, and other disasters,
especially those who live near at the sea or river. These disasters are often the
result of the destruction of their properties due to severe storms, severe waves
and floods.
Throughout history, mangroves are gradually being depleted because they
are not valued. People will obtain information to pay more attention to mangroves
as mangrove conservation and tourism centers emerge. This will also attract
tourists interested in learning more about the benefits of mangrove conservation
to environment and community.

8|The Abukawan Eco-Park

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Mangroves are the salt-tolerant evergreen forests, found in the intertidal

zones of sheltered shores, estuaries, tidal creeks, backwaters, lagoons, marshes
and mudflats of the tropical and subtropical latitudes. Paradoxically, the
mangroves exist under very hostile and inhospitable conditions. All the
organisms living therein are well-adapted to encounter higher salinity, wind
speed, temperature, muddy anaerobic soils and high tidal interference (Spalding
et al. 1997; Spiers 1999; Kathiresan and Bingham 2001; Sandilyan 2010;
Sandilyan et al. 2010a, b).: The healthy mangrove ecosystem always provides
immense benefits to the adjoining systems and mankind. For instance,
mangroves and associated soils can sequester approximately 22.8 million metric
tons of carbon each year i.e., 11 % of the total input of terrestrial carbon into
ocean (Jennerrjahn and Ittekot 2002) and provide more than 10 % of essential
organic carbon to the global oceans (Dittmar et al. 2006). 
This study focuses on the issues that surround the Abukawan Eco-Park.
As such, this project is concerned by developing or building a Mangrove
Conservation and Tourism Center to lessen the threat of floods, coastal
damages, preserving marine wild life and tourist attraction.

Main Problem: Will mangroves reduce the severity of storm surges for people
who live near the shore?

Sub-Problem:
 What are factors that are affecting mangrove depletion?
 What can mangroves provide in terms of tourism development?
 What are the human benefits of mangroves?
 Will the eco-park/tourism center benefit the local residents?

9|The Abukawan Eco-Park

  Would the mangrove eco-park become crowded and chaotic as a result of
the visitors?

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The mangrove is one of the world's most significant ecosystems.

Mangrove trees have been shown to store up to four times as much carbon as
other tropical forests, which helps to prevent climate change from worsening.
Being archipelagic in nature, a large part of the population of the Philippines
depends on the mangroves for food, livelihood, and shelter derived from the
mangrove ecosystem. In fact, more than half of the country’s 1,500 towns and
42,000 villages depend on these marine habitats for food and other goods and
services (Primavera 2000) According to Dr. Daniel A. Friess of NUS, loss rates of
mangrove forests were estimated at 1% to 3% per year during the late 20th
century because of human activities. Now, the loss rate has dropped to 0.3% to
0.6%. This drastic drop is due to successful mangrove conservation efforts
around the globe. However, in order to properly rebuild mangrove populations
and reap their benefits for future generations, people all around the world will
need to band together as allies to protect these vital ecosystems.

Through this research, it focuses on the people affected when there is a

disaster such as flood because the mangrove is able to stabilize the coastline
and peat absorbs water during heavy rains and storm surge, reducing the
chances of coastal flooding.

In addition, local residents will benefit from the proposed study since they
will have a tourist attraction in their area, which will provide an opportunity to find
local products that they can sell to tourists, as well as coastal protection due to
mangroves. The research will have an impact on the community since it is also
an eco-park that will serve as a tourist attraction for people interested in exploring

10 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 the extraordinarily diverse mangrove forest while also helping to increase
awareness about the value of mangroves.

1.4 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

This study aims to build a mangrove conservation and tourism center. The
purpose of this study is to lessen the effect of natural disasters like floods and
tsunamis. This study will also help people understand the significance of
mangroves. This will also assist the community in developing tourist attractions
that will sell their products and services.

Goals:
 to provide calamity protection for individuals living near a river or the sea.
 to lessen the damage property.

Objectives:
 to determine the effects of mangrove ecosystem exploitation on the
livelihoods of local communities.
 it provides a tourist attraction for people interested in exploring the
extraordinarily diverse mangrove forest.
 It educates people about mangroves and its importance.
 Promoting a local product manufactured by locals will be more popular.
 It provides visitors to the eco-park a schedule to minimize chaos and to
fully appreciate the mangroves.


11 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
1.5 SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS

Scopes
 This study will focus on developing and designing of a mangrove
conservation and tourism center, this would be mainly composed of
mangroves, which would cause less damage due to calamities like floods.
 it is a tourist attraction to educate people on what mangroves can do, what
benefits can be obtained from it, and how to take care of and protect the
mangroves.
The proposal will cover the configuration of the ground design
development, including the appropriate facilities and amenities that will fit into the
Abukawan Eco-Park.

Delimitations:
 This proposal can only lessen the effects of the natural disaster and is not a
solution to prevent flooding.
 The mangrove's protection does not extend to other nearby communities.
 The tourist facility will only be open on certain days. The reason is to protect the
facility from human activities and to preserve the beauty of the mangrove.
 The plan shown is only the site and the mangrove trail plan is not included.
 Backfilling process is not shown or indicated

1.6 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY

This study proposes a mangrove conservation and tourism center that will
help their livelihood. Mangroves protect coastlines from harmful storms and
hurricane winds, waves, and floods. Through having the facility open to all
tourists, it will encourage more tourism in their area for nature lovers, and they
can appreciate the beauty of the mangroves. It will also make people aware of
the importance of mangroves.

12 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 All of the data was gathered, it was credible, and it was utilized as a
reference to validate this research. This will aid future researchers in learning
more about these studies.

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND CONCEPTS

Mangrove- a tree or shrub that is primarily seen growing in tropical coastal

wetlands that flood during high tide

Eco Tourism- responsible travel to natural areas that preserves the environment,
supports the well-being of locals, and involves interpretation and education.

SNPS- Sama-samang Nagkakaisang Pamayanan ng Silonay

Boardwalk- a path along the mangrove forest

Wetland- Marshes, estuaries, mangroves, mudflats, mires, ponds, swamps,

deltas, coral reefs, billabongs, lagoons, shallow seas, bogs, lakes, and
floodplains are all examples of wetlands.

ASEAN- The Association of Southeast Asian Nations

CLUP- Comprehensive Land Use Plan

LGU- Local Government Unit

DENR- Department of Environment and Natural Resources

PEMSEA- Partnership in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia

PENELCO- Peninsula Electric Cooperative, Inc.

13 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 CHAPTER 2

SYSTEM OF
RESEARCH

14 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
2.1 METHODOLOGY
In order to stipulate all the data and information concerning in this
research study, there are some procedures and steps of data gathering was
made to provide support and also to have all the necessary parts of this study. All
the data and information were gathered organized with the use of the following
techniques:

IDEA

INFORMATION

ANALYSIS

SYNTHESIS

EVALUATION

OPTIMIZATION

15 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
2.1.1 IDEA

Abucay, Bataan is presently a developing town with a growing tourism

industry. Once the Bataan-Cavite interlink bridge is completed, it will expand the
province's economic and tourism opportunities. As a result, the researchers are
conducting research to help the Abucay community and to know their products
while also assisting them in dealing with natural disasters like floods. This also
aids in the mitigation of climate change. The Abukawan Eco-Park: Designing A
Mangrove Conservation and Tourism Center for The Community of Abucay
Bataan. This research study can serve as a tourist attraction and provide
knowledge about the benefits that mangroves can provide.

2.1.2 INFORMATION

The following are the data collection methods used by the researcher:

WORLD WIDE WEB/ INTERNET RESEARCH

 Using the world wide web or internet research helps the researcher to find
more related and relevant information about the researcher's study. The
researcher gathered data and information to make them more realistic, such as
articles, pictures, and other data that are related to the study of the researchers.

LIBRARY

The researchers read library materials such as books, papers, and other
similar studies to get further knowledge and information about the topic. The
researchers would be able to strengthen their thesis proposal as a result of this.
Researchers will be able to tell the difference between the prior study and this

16 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
one using this strategy. This will assist in improving and achieving a great
outcome.

GOVERNMENT OFFICE

With this method, researchers conduct research in the municipality

of Abucay. This will give the researcher an insight into the status of
mangroves in the said location. It will also help the researchers gain more
knowledge about the Abucay land-and water use zoning scheme and
development plan.

SITE OBSERVATION

The researchers went to the said location to gather information

about the situation of the mangrove. Through this method, the researcher
will also know the status and topography of the area. This will help the
researchers in planning and building the tourism facilities.

SURVEY

The researcher will conduct a survey by giving the people who live
in the vicinity. This survey will give the researcher an idea of the situation
of people living in the said location, and this will help the researchers to
know what people want.

17 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
2.1.3 ANALYSIS

The researchers analyze all the ideas and information that have been
gathered that may help the study be feasible. The researchers considered all
relevant information, especially considering the building codes, guidelines for
planning, regulations, and other considerations that will help in the development
of the study.

2.1.4 SYNTHESIS
The researcher combines all the ideas and information about the proposal.
This is the process to make the results of the proposal better and smoother. All
the ideas and solutions will be reflected in the project proposal itself.

2.1.5 EVALUATION

The researcher evaluates the information gathered for the study by

organizing it in order to come up with the best solution to the problem. The
proponent must produce a translation of the information acquired and
conclusions drawn utilizing the concepts and methods learned by the researcher
on design translation after properly analyzing and synthesizing the data
gathered.

2.1.6 OPTIMIZATION

18 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 The researcher will make the study feasible by means of improving the
study using the data and utilizing all of the information collected by the
researcher.

CHAPTER 3

TERMS OF
REFERENCE

19 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
3.1 . REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The researcher in this ratio of the study will gather some related data and
articles about the proposed project. This will assist the researcher in acquiring
sufficient knowledge in order to make the study more reliable and to identify
constraints in order to improve the project. The researcher will require and
acknowledge any information, data, analysis, and conclusions from other
people's previous work.

3.1.2. The Concept of Mangrove ECO Tourism Master Plan in Belitung District
Indonesia

Source: https://www.ijert.org/the-concept-of-mangrove-eco-tourism-master-plan-
in-belitung-district-indonesia

a. What the article is all about?

The overview of this article has a great importance globally. A mangrove area
can be turned into an appealing forest tourism destination and can also benefit

20 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
the surrounding economy with proper mangrove planting plans and tourist
facilities. The use of mangroves for ecotourism corresponds to a transition in
tourist interest from old tourism to new tourism, which controls and seeks out
unique, natural, and biodiversity-specific ecotourism areas.

b. What relevant information does the article give?

This article says that the Mangroves may clearly benefit communities by not
just protecting us from typhoons but also promoting tourism. Ecotourism is a type
of ecologically conscious tourism that takes place in natural surroundings.
Ecotourism includes components of education, understanding, and support for
environmental conservation activities, as well as benefiting the local economy.

c. What are the things/subjects discussed in the article which will be of

use in your study?

Ecotourism has emerged as a viable option for promoting a unique and

authentic environment while both serving as a tourist attraction and incorporating
the concepts of education and conservation. Because the forest floor is regularly
inundated by water, which is affected by salinity and fluctuates in water level
owing to tides, mangrove ecosystems have unique characteristics.

21 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 3.1.3 RESILIENCE BASED RESTORATION OF MANGROVE ECOLOGY IN
THE KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN

Source file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/Masooma%20Abbas_MA2021_fulltext.pd

a. What the article is all about?

This thesis demonstrates how mangrove structures may be utilized to

combat rising water levels and tidal floods in a resilient and ecological manner.
Although the thesis focuses on the benefits of mangrove infrastructure, it also
displays the technical approach to mangrove regeneration and proposes future
study fields.

b. What relevant information does the article give?

This article says that, due to relative sea-level rise, coastal and low-lying
regions may progressively face negative effects such as submerged coastal floods
and coastal erosion. The dynamic response of the coastal system is very unknown
for each type of action. When paired with the projection that climate change would
result in more severe and frequent storms, as well as powerful winds and storm
surges, the risk to coastal regions will only rise. Growing water levels have an

22 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
impact on aquatic habitats by suffocating specific plants and animals and creating
changes in characteristics including available light, salinity, and temperature.

c. What are the things/subjects discussed in the article which will be

of use in your study?

The design aims to improve the site's ecological resilience , as well as the
community's social resilience by emphasizing landscape transformation through
time. A conceptual idea of how mangroves work is included in the design. It
combines biological shoreline protection, innovative living shoreline concepts, and
social infrastructure projects into a new coastal parkland network with a variety of
design features such as boardwalks, bridges, and pavilions that aid circulation,
navigation, and occupancy.

3.1.4. Community-Based Mangrove Rehabilitation: The Case of

Calatagan Mangrove Park- Marine Protected Area, Batangas,
Philippines

Source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338359159_Community-
Based_Mangrove_Rehabilitation_The_Case_of_Calatagan_Mangrove_Park-
Marine_Protected_Area_Batangas_Philippines

a. What the article is all about?

The primary purpose of the project was to evaluate community-based

mangrove regeneration in the Mangrove Park-Marine Protected Area. The purpose

23 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
of this study is to describe the progress of mangrove restoration; examine the
major obstacles and issues in mangrove rehabilitation; and identify best practices
and solutions in mangrove rehabilitation. In addition, the fundamental components
of mangrove rehabilitation must be identified in terms of policy and institutional
considerations, scientific and ecological preferences, and participatory
methodologies.
b. What relevant information does the article give?

The goal of this research was to describe the progress of mangrove

rehabilitation; assess the major issues and concerns in mangrove rehabilitation;
and identify the best practices and strategies in mangrove rehabilitation in terms of
policy and institutions; scientific and ecological choices; and participatory methods .

c. What are the things/subjects discussed in the article which will be

of use in your study?

This study promotes ecotourism while also raising funding for mangrove
monitoring. Also available are fee-based eco-tourism activities such as mangrove
tours and study tours, research activities, mangrove planting, and bird watching.
This will assist researchers and be relevant to them.

24 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
3.1.5. Case Studies

Silonay Mangrove Conservation Ecopark (Calapan City, Oriental

Mindoro)

a. Summary

25 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 The Silonay mangrove conservation eco-park is located in Calapan City,
Oriental Mindoro, Philippines, and promotes tourism while conserving mangroves.
Silonay Island is 87 hectares and used to be densely forested with mangrove
trees. It is extremely vulnerable to storm surges, especially the 42 hectares of the
Silonay Mangrove Conservation and Eco Park, which might result in the
destruction of large portions of mangrove forest. Silonay is protected from storm
surges by mangrove roots, where fish larvae and other tiny species seek safety
from predators.
Sama-samang Nagkakaisang Pamayanan ng Silonay (SNPS), a local
organization, is dedicated to supporting the mangrove reserve. From the original
26 members in 2012, SNPS’ membership has now grown to almost 80. The 14
species of mangroves found:

 Grey or White Mangrove (Avicennia marina) – locally called pipisik

puti or bungalon.
 Indian Mangrove (Avicennia officinalis) – locally called pipisik pula or api api.
 Mangrove Apple (Sonneratia alba) – locally called pagatpat
 Tall-Stilt Mangrove (Rhizophora apiculata) – locally called bakawan lalaki
 Loop-Root Mangrove, Red Mangrove or Asiatic Mangrove (Rhizophora
mucronata) – locally called bakawan babae
 Holly-Leaved Acanthus, Sea Holly and Holy Mangrove (Acanthus ilicifolius)
locally called diliwaryo or daluari
 River Poison Tree (Excoecaria agallocha) – locally called buta-buta or lipata
 Mangrove Palm (Nypa fruticans) – locally called nipa or sasa
 Flat-Leaved Spurred Mangrove (Ceriops decandra) – locally called lapis-
lapis
 Yellow Mangrove (Ceriops tagal) – locally called tangal
 Black Mangrove or River Mangrove  (Aegiceras corniculatum) – locally
called saging-saging
 Large-Leafed Mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) – locally called pototan
 Upriver Orange Mangrove (Bruguiera sexangula)

26 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
  White Burma Mangrove (Bruguiera cylindrica)

Source: http://benjielayug.com/2019/04/silonay-mangrove-conservation-ecopark-
calapan-city-oriental-mindoro.html

b. Architectural Analysis

 Viewing Deck

In Silonay mangrove conservation eco-park, there is a viewing deck for bird

watching because there are 29 species of migratory birds that can be seen here.
The breathtaking scenery and surrounding mangroves may be seen from above.

27 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
  Boardwalk

There is a boardwalk in the Silonay mangrove conservation eco-park that

you may use to explore the entire eco-park This board walk has a length of 350

28 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
m. When this boardwalk was still under construction, only bamboo was used to
make this boardwalk, but due to typhoon Nina, it damaged the boardwalk, so it
was decided to repair and make the boardwalk solid concrete.

 Reception Hall

 Cottages/ Nipa Hut

29 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 c. Findings and analysis

The Silonay Mangrove Conservation Eco-Park covers 42 hectares and is

inhabited to 14 different species of mangroves. It also features a 350-meter
boardwalk where visitors may walk to see the mangroves' beauty.   Stingless
bee hives along the boardwalk, aiding in the pollination of the mangroves.
Tourists may participate in eco-tourism activities such as bird watching, dolphin
watching, kayaking, and planting mangrove saplings.  

d. Recommendation/ Application to present study

The Silonay Mangrove Conservation Eco-Park focuses on mangrove

conservation. At the same time, it provides storm surge protection because this
area is prone to flooding, which damages homes in low-lying areas. The
researcher may apply the calm and pleasant surroundings, as well as the
facilities and activities that would aid the research.

30 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve
a. Summary

The Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve is Singapore's first and only protected
wetland reserve, with over 500 species of tropical flora and fauna. Sungei

31 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Buloh was established in 1993 as a wildlife park. To properly represent its
status, 130 hectares were gazette as a nature reserve in 2002 and renamed
Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve. The reserve was formally admitted to the
East Asian Australasian Shorebird Site Network, which includes Australia's
Kakadu National Park, China's Mai Po – Inner Deep Bay, and Japan's Yatsu
Tidal Flats, in the same year. Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve was designated
as Singapore's first ASEAN Heritage Park in 2003.

b. Architectural Analysis

 Wetland Centre

32 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 The Wetland Center’s Nature Gallery is located in the entrance of the
wetland reserve. There are educational panels that provide a wealth of
information about plants and wildlife of the wetland reserve. This center will
provide information on the Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve. Pictures and
information on several species of mangroves can be found here. The spaces
include the wetland center are mangrove gallery, Api-api lab, Bakau Lab,
restaurant, and toilet.

 Boardwalk

33 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 As you enter the wetland reserve while crossing the main bridge, look out
for feeding herons, crocodiles and the schools of fish swimming about. The
abundance of fish such as Halfbeak, Tilapia, Archer fish, and Mullet’s swimming
or jumping freely suggests that the area is overflowing with fauna. A raised,
paved track goes around the periphery of the Buloh Tidal Ponds. The Migratory
Bird Trail is 1.95 kilometers long. It's shaped like an oval, starting from the main
bridge and ending with the ponds in the center.

34 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
  Bird observation hide

Along the trail, there are five hides. At the Wetland Reserve, each hide
provides a spot to sit and observe the wildlife. When you cross the Main Bridge,
you will instantly see the Main Hide. The hides also have pictures and
descriptions of the birds that can be found. The Migratory Bird Trail also has two
shelters in addition to the five hides.

35 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
  Shelter

In addition to the five hides, there are also two shelters along the Migratory
Bird Trail. This is a tranquil place where few visit even though it is a pleasant
place to rest, spot fish and mudskippers and hear the calls of the birds.

36 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
  Aerie Tower

The Aerie Tower is defined as "a large nest of a bird of prey, especially an
eagle, typically built high in a tree or on a cliff", an 18-meter-tall bird viewing
tower, is the only other prominent structure at the Sungei Buloh wetland. The
tower, which stands opposite the Main Hide, has 72 stairs leading to the summit.
However, you will have to walk around the perimeter of the ponds to get to it. The
Aerie Tower said to be a landmark for the nature reserve.

37 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 c. Findings and analysis

The Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve is a wonderful spot to go. The wetland
center has good facilities, and you can relax because the place has a peaceful
ambiance, and the mangroves contribute to the wetland's pleasant and calming
vibe.

Wild animals are protected at Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve. They have an
eco-pond, a crocodile habitat, a migratory bird habitat, and more. Sungei Buloh
Wetland Reserve not only protects and cares for mangroves, but also for the wild
species that inhabit the area.

d. Recommendation/ Application to present study

The Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve is dedicated to the preservation of

mangroves and wildlife. A wetland center with exhibits and information on
mangroves and wild animals can be found. The researchers must apply good
and proper circulation to the wetland.

38 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Sirindhorn International Environmental Park

39 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
a. Summary

The Sirindhorn International Environmental Park has the ability to serve as

a hub for training and dissemination. The information and expertise obtained
may be put to use in everyday situations. Many Thai and international visitors
have visited to study. The amenities in Sirindhorn International Environmental
Park are ideal for activities. The Sirindhorn International Park is a wonderful
source of learning, young people, and the general public, both Thai and
international, and it is anticipated that many more people will take advantage
of the training opportunities and get a greater understanding of environmental
concerns.

b. Architectural Analysis
 Learning Center

40 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 This ecotourism also has a learning center where you may study
through a variety of media, both written and digital. A global energy
conservation information and training center Also, there's the matter of the
environment. integrated with a range of learning activities. Incorporating
local wisdom with innovation, science, and technology in international and
local.

 Energy and Environmental Conservation Camp

This camp offers activity camps for groups of various organizations and
individuals interested in learning about energy conservation, natural
resources, the environment, and Thai wisdom. Bungalow and dormitory
accommodations are offered, as well as an activity ground. 

41 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 Bird Watching Tower

This bird viewing tower allows you to observe the 40-acre mangrove
forest as well as the other amenities and beaches around the eco-park, but
the primary attraction is the variety of birds that live in the mangrove forest.

42 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
  Boardwalk

This bird viewing tower allows you to observe the 40-acre mangrove forest
as well as the other amenities and beaches around the eco-park, but the
primary attraction is the variety of birds that live in the mangrove forest.

43 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 c. Findings and Analysis

The Sirindhorn International Environmental Park has the potential to be a

training and dissemination Centre. It is both an eco- tourism and a learning center
where users and students may study. It also involves the sustainable
rehabilitation of the coastal mangrove environment. The Sirindhorn International
Environmental Park includes the park's mangrove, beach, and mixed-deciduous
forests; coastal area; aquatic life; territorial animals; and more than 100 bird
species.

d. Recommendation/ application to present study

The Sirindhorn International Environmental Education Center promotes

sustainable development. It is a facility for biodiversity education for tourists and
students, and it offers them environmental information. The researcher will
benefit from this method since it can be used in the research study.

44 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 CHAPTER 4

DATA PRESENTATION
& ANALYSIS

45 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
46 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
4.1 SITE INVENTORY

4.1.1 Site Selection

To achieve the proposed project's requirements, the researchers must

follow the standard procedure for selecting a suggested site by utilizing the site
selection process. The researchers must first discuss the site criteria in order to
find a location that will match the needs of the chosen site in this site selection
procedure. There are three sites to be considered carefully in order to find the
best feasible location for the researcher's project.

4.1.1.1 Site Selection Criteria

Setting the Criteria

. Using major and minor criteria, the researchers will be able to determine
which site is most appropriate for their study. It will also assist in determining
what the outstanding feature of the site is.

Gross Site Selection Criteria

Major Criteria – 70%

It must include factors that establish the site and guarantee that it is suitable
for the project's needs. This is the list of primary’s criteria that will be applied:

47 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 Accessibility (30%) – The site must be accessible to main road where the
vehicle enters in the City or town It should also be accessible by public and
private vehicles, and commuters should be able to find local transportation.

 Location (20%) - The site should have existing mangrove trees. Also, there
should not be any mangrove conservation or projects in the area. And be
close to the sea because, this is the need in the researchers' proposal.

 Natural Resources (20%)- The site must have located near to natural
resources such as water, food, and other necessities for the project
proposal's supply.
.

Minor Criteria – 30%

 Utilities (10%) -

Availability of power supply- A power line should be installed in the area so

that putting in additional power lines will not be complicated. They also have
their own power distribution utility.

Availability of water supply- There must be a water line system on the site
so that there is a source of water and there is enough water at the site where
the said project will be proposed.

48 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
  Environmental Factors (10%) - selecting the appropriate site to assure user
safe and secure environment, as well as comfort and convenience. The
factors that can affect the site should be considered.

 Lot Size (10%) - The location must have enough lot area to accommodate all
of the facilities on the project proposal.

Discrete Site Selection Criteria

Major Criteria – 60%

It must include factors that establish the site and guarantee that it is suitable
for the project's needs. This is the list of primary’s criteria that will be applied:

 Environment (20%)- Because it is an eco-park, the site must be less polluted

in order for visitors to feel more comfortable and tranquil when visiting.

 Natural Resources (20%)- The located near to natural resources such as

water, food, and other necessities for the project proposal's supply.

 Location (10%) - The site should be near mangrove trees since that is what
the researchers' proposal provides for. Furthermore, the site is feasible and
capable of supporting a project.

 Less-noise (10%) - To avoid hearing vehicle noises on the site, it must be

located far away from a busy road.

49 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Minor Criteria – 40%

 Utilities (10%) -

Availability of power supply- There should be a power line on site so that it

will not be difficult to install more power lines. And the project needs
electricity.

Availability of water supply- There must be a water line system on the site
to ensure that there is sufficient water and that the location where the project
will be placed has enough water.

 Accessibility (10%) - The site must accessible for the users. The site
should have easy access to the main road. It should also be accessible by
public and private vehicles, and commuters should be able to find local
transportation.

 Security and Safety (10%) - The site must include security and safety
features to ensure that visitors are safe while visiting the site and to prevent
any unwanted actions that may happen.

 Orientation (10%) - When the sun path and wind path of the site location are
arranged, the site should be in the proper orientation so that users are more
comfortable and relaxed.

50 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Gross Site Selection

SITE 1
Abucay, Bataan

Natural resources, a rich culture,

human resources, institutional facilities
that give people with access to social
services,and proximity to contemporary
commercial and trade facilities and
potentials for growth abound in the
Municipality of Abucay.
The Abucay has mangroves on its
shores to protect the people who live
nearby from waves and to lessen flooding.

Source: https://gadm.org/maps/PHL/bataan/abucay.html

Source: https://www.slideshare.net/mangroveecologyph/state-of-the-mangroves-
bataaan
51 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
SITE 2

Orani, Bataan

Crabs, mussels, and

oysters are among the
aquamarine resources collected
at Orani's abundant fishing
grounds and fishponds.

Mangroves may also be

found on the shores of the net in
the municipality of Orani, which
help to protect the land.

Source: https://gadm.org/maps/PHL/bataan/orani.html

Source: https://www.slideshare.net/mangroveecologyph/state-of-the-mangroves-
bataaan

52 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
SITE 3
Orion, Bataan

The port of Capinpin in

Orion's Barangay Puting Buhangin
has been rebuilt into a sophisticated
port complex that would include a
berthing facility and other facilities. It
will accommodate huge cargo ships
and passenger ferries, boosting
trade and tourism in the region.

Two mangrove nurseries

were established in Balut and
Camachile, where propagules are
nurtured prior to reforestation.

Source: https://gadm.org/maps/PHL/bataan/orion.html

Source: https://www.slideshare.net/mangroveecologyph/state-of-the-mangroves-bataaan

53 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 Likert Scale

5 – High Preferable
4 – Very Preferable
3 – Preferable
2 – Fair
1 – Poor

LIKERT SCALE OF GROSS SITE SELECTION

WEIGHT
CRITERIA SITE 1 SITE 2 SITE 3
(%)

MAJOR CRITERIA 70% POINTS RATING POINTS RATING POINTS RATING

ACCESIBILITY 30% 5 30% 5 30% 5 30%

LOCATION 20% 5 20% 4 16% 4 16%

NATURAL
20% 5 20% 5 20% 3 12%
RESOURCES

MINOR CRITERIA 30% POINTS RATING POINTS RATING POINTS RATING

UTILITIES 10% 5 10% 5 10% 5 10%

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS10% 4 8% 4 8% 3 6%

LOT-SIZE 10% 5 10% 5 10% 5 10%

TOTAL 100% 29 98% 28 94% 25 84%

54 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Gross Site Justification

Abucay Bataan passed the major and minor requirements because it is

ideal for mangrove protection and tourism development. Abucay is presently a
developing town. The Sibul Spring, the Pasukulan Falls, the Raven Resort, and
the Abucay Catholic Church are popular tourist destinations.

Abucay has a total of are of 10,686 hectares covering both land and water
jurisdiction. The land area is 7,970 ha or about 5.8% of the total land area of
Bataan and the municipal water are being 2,716 ha. 44% of the total areas is
ideal for habitation, lowland rice cultivate, orchard, livestock and fishing farming.

https://www.google.com.ph/maps/place/Abucay,+Bataan/@14.7284169,120.4993443,12129m/
data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x339641d4b630cea9:0xe9d8329b003ef9cf!8m2!3d14.7128091!
4d120.4933624

55 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Road Network

56 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
B. Discreet Site Selection

Abucay Bataan was chosen for a proposed mangrove eco-park since

Abucay has no existing mangrove eco-park and mangroves in Abucay need
protection. There are nine barangays in Abucay, namely: Bangkal, Calaylayan,
Capitangan, Gabon, Laon, Mabatang, Omboy, Salian, and Wawa. The
researchers selected three potential project sites, and to learn more about which
site best meets the project's requirements.

SITE A

Omboy, Abucay Bataan

https://www.google.com/maps/place/Omboy,+Fourlane+Commercial,+Abucay,+Bataan/
@14.7157338,120.5484616,758m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!
1s0x339641cce04c4117:0x5a8bcafd01a34f3a!8m2!3d14.7172117!4d120.5437406

57 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 The site is Omboy. It is a barangay in the municipality of Abucay, in the
province of Bataan. Its population, as determined by the 2020 Census, was
3,387. This represented 7.88% of the total population of Abucay.
Omboy has access to the road, and this site is visited by people who
exercise. This is a great location to watch the sunrise. But there is no electricity
and water line that can be used in the researchers' proposal.

SITE B

Wawa, Abucay Bataan

https://www.google.com/maps/place/Wawa/@14.7225672,120.5473823,758m/data=!3m1!1e3!
4m5!3m4!1s0x339641c6f7779693:0x4789eb5e4f845671!8m2!3d14.7212521!4d120.5391616

Wawa, formerly Poblacion, is a barangay in the municipality of Abucay, in

the province of Bataan. Its population, as determined by the 2020 Census, was
4,243. This represented 9.87% of the total population of Abucay. Wawa Abucay
Bataan is the center of Abucay Bataan.

58 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 The largest and oldest church in the whole of Bataan is also here in
Wawa. The site is near the fish port, which will help them sell if the proposal is
placed near here. Additionally, adjacent residences require more mangrove
plants to protect them from large waves. Because of the nearby residential
neighborhood, there are already electricity and water connections. And the site
has access to the road itself as well.

SITE C

Mabatang Abucay Bataan

https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mabatang,+Abucay,+Bataan/
@14.736361,120.5464919,1103m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!
1s0x339641e10acc288d:0xffed546800f76593!8m2!3d14.7450403!4d120.5221524

Mabatang is a barangay in the municipality of Abucay in the province of

Bataan. Its population, as determined by the 2020 Census, was 9,650. This
represented 22.45% of the total population of Abucay. Mabatang is the biggest
and most progressive barangay in Bataan and is touted as the Christmas capital
of Bataan. The site in Mabatang has no access to the road and is not accessible
to people and vehicles, but there are many mangrove trees on this site.

59 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Likert Scale
5 – High Preferable
4 – Very Preferable
3 – Preferable
2 – Fair
1 – Poor
LIKERT SCALE OF DISCRETE SITE SELECTION

WEIGHT
CRITERIA SITE A SITE B SITE C
(%)

MAJOR CRITERIA 60% POINTS RATING POINTS RATING POINTS RATING

ENVIRONMENT 20% 5 20% 5 20% 5 20%

NATURAL
20% 4 16% 5 20% 3 12%
RESOURCES

LOCATION 10% 1 2% 5 10% 3 6%

LESS-NOISE 10% 5 10% 4 8% 4 8%

MINOR CRITERIA 40% POINTS RATING POINTS RATING POINTS RATING

UTILITIES 10% 3 6% 5 10% 0 0%

ACCESSIBILITY 10% 5 10% 5 10% 1 2%

SECURITY AND
10% 4 8% 4 8% 2 4%
SAFETY

ORIENTATION 10% 5 10% 5 10% 5 10%

60 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Discrete Site Justification
The site B/ Barangay meets the Likert scale criteria. Because of this,
Wawa Abucay Bataan was selected as the location. Wawa can make the project
feasible, and it is desirable to build a mangrove eco-park. 5,000 one hundred
forty-three (5,143) square meters or less People and cars may readily visit the
location because it has road access. The mangroves required for the project are
also nearby.
4.1.2 Site Data

4.1.2.1 Macro-Site Data

4.1.2.1.1 Physical Profile

ABUCAY BATAAN

https://www.google.com.ph/maps/place/Abucay,+Bataan/@14.7252625,120.5012325,12129m/data=!
3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x339641d4b630cea9:0xe9d8329b003ef9cf!8m2!3d14.7128091!4d120.4933624

61 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 Abucay has a total area of 10,686 hectares that encompasses both land
and sea jurisdiction. The land area is 7,970 ha, or approximately 5.8 percent of
Bataan's total land area, while the municipal water area is 2,716 ha. 44% of the
entire area is suitable for habitation, lowland rice cultivation, orchards, livestock,
and fishery farming. The western section is covered with secondary forest,
accounting for about 38 percent of Abucay's land area. The forest is part of
Bataan Natural Park, which has been designated as a protected area under the
National Integrated Protected Area System Law .

Abucay is divided into nine barangays: Bangkal, Calaylayan, Capitangan,

Gabon, Laon, Mabatang, Omboy, Salian, and Wawa. The Municipality of Abucay
is endowed with natural resources and institutional facilities that provide
residents with access to social services, closeness to contemporary commercial
and trade facilities, and potential for advancement.

Tourist establishments include resorts, restaurants, and natural, scenic

areas. Tourists are also drawn to cultural and historical monuments such as the
ancient Abucay Church, one of the country's oldest churches, the Tomas Pinpin
monument, and the country's earliest printing machine. The Pasukan Falls and
the Sibul Spring are two natural tourist attractions. Some festivals, such as the
Christmas festival in Mabatang, the province's Christmas capital, also draw
visitors. During the Christmas season, the province's capital.

62 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Climate

The rainy season in Abucay is gloomy, the dry season is windy and
partially cloudy, and the weather is hot and oppressive all year. Throughout the
year, temperatures typically range from 74°F to 94°F, with temperatures rarely
falling below 71°F or rising above 97°F. The ideal time to visit Abucay for hot-
weather activities is from early December to early April, according to the

beach/pool score.

63 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
https://weatherspark.com/y/134674/Average-Weather-in-Abucay-Philippines-Year-Round#Sections-
Humidity

Average Temperature in Abucay

The season lasts 1.6 months, from March 27 to May 13, with an average
daily high temperature of 92°F.April is the warmest month in Abucay, with
average highs of 93°F and lows of 79°F.

The chilly season lasts 3.0 months, from July 4 to October 6, with an
average daily high temperature of less than 88°F. The coldest month in Abucay
is January, with an average low of 74 °F and a high of 87 °F.

Average Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

High 87°F 89°F 91°F 93°F 92°F 89°F 87°F 86°F 87°F 88°F 88°F 87°F

Temp. 80°F 81°F 83°F 86°F 85°F 83°F 82°F 82°F 82°F 82°F 82°F 80°F

64 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 Average Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Low 74°F 75°F 76°F 79°F 80°F 79°F 78°F 78°F 78°F 77°F 77°F 75°F

https://weatherspark.com/y/134674/Average-Weather-in-Abucay-Philippines-Year-
Round#Sections-Humidit

Humidity

The dew point influences whether perspiration will evaporate from the
skin, cooling the body and hence the comfort level. Higher dew points seem
more humid, whereas lower dew points feel dryer. Unlike temperature, which
varies significantly between night and day, dew point varies more slowly, so a
humid day is usually followed by a muggy night. The perceived humidity in
Abucay varies from season to season. The hottest part of the year lasts ten
months, from February 19 to December 30, and the comfort level is humid,
oppressive, or terrible at least 89 percent of the time. February has the fewest
humid days in Abucay, with 24.8 days.

https://weatherspark.com/y/134674/Average-Weather-in-Abucay-Philippines-Year-
Round#Sections-Humidity

65 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Topography and Slope

The Topographic Map shows the geography of Abucay, from the shore to
the mountains. Mt. Natib has the highest peak, at an elevation of 1,556 meters.
The terrain varies from flat in the east or along the shore to quite steep in the
west, such as at Mt. Natib or Bataan Natural Park. The topographic map shows
the municipality's terrain.

CLUP-AbucayBataan

66 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Rainfall

To show variety throughout the months rather than just the monthly totals,
we present the rainfall gathered over a sliding 31-day period centered around
each day of the year. The monthly rainfall in Abucay varies greatly depending on
the season.

From April 4 to January 9, the rainy season lasts 9.2 months, with a typical 31-
day rainfall of at least 0.5 inches. August is the wettest month in Abucay, with an
average rainfall of 20.6 inches.

From January 9 to April 4, the year's rainless season lasts 2.8 months. January is
the driest month in Abucay, with an average rainfall of 0.4 inches.

67 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 Fe De
Jan b Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov c

Rainfall 0.4″ 0.4″ 0.4″ 0.8″ 5.5 12.1″ 17.3″ 20.6″ 14.3″ 6.8″ 2.8″ 1.5″
″

https://weatherspark.com/y/134674/Average-Weather-in-Abucay-Philippines-Year-
Round#Sections-Humidity

Sea level rise

A five-meter rise in sea level is possible. The areas that are most likely to
be swamped if the sea level rises. The red-colored areas, including the sea level,
are affected if the sea level rises by one meter, as shown in the diagram. The red
and yellow-colored areas are affected by a three-meter elevation, while the
orange-colored areas are affected by a five-meter rise. The majority of them are
residential, business, and institutional zones, as well as aquaculture zones. This
knowledge is helpful in determining adaptation methods to climate change
consequences. Some of these locations are now inundated after heavy rains and
typhoons, necessitating the implementation of suitable land-use and policy
measures.

68 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
CLUP-AbucayBataan

Soil Data

The soil texture in Abucay from coastal and mountainous area are
hydrosol, fine sandy loam, fine sand, clay loam. Internal and exterior drainage
are influenced by soil texture, making it a factor in agricultural and infrastructure
development. Internal and exterior drainage are poor in soils that are mostly
clays or have a fine texture. External and internal drainage are both good in
coarse to medium grained soils.

69 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
CLUP-AbucayBataan

Land Use and Zoning

Using the color code is to easily know what area is already around the site
and too aware if the site is good for the project

70 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Catchment Area (3km Radius

https://www.mapdevelopers.com/draw-circle-tool.php

Using the 3 km catchment area, landmarks can be seen near the project
site in Abucay, Bataan. These are:

71 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Abucay Municipal Hall Abucay Market

72 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 St. Dominic de Guzman Church Abucay Plaza

LImbagang Pinpin Museum Ans Resort Villa Amanda Resort

Available Utility System

 Water Supply

The numerous natural free-flowing springs and wells in Abucay are the
principal sources of drinkable water. Water is pumped either manually or using
fuel or electricity. Based on hydrogeological conditions, there are three
categories of sites for groundwater exploration: shallow and deep well areas;
deep well areas; and difficult areas for groundwater exploration .

73 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
CLUP-AbucayBataan

 Power supply

All barangays in Abucay are provided with electricity by the National

Power Corporation. The Peninsula Electric Cooperative is in charge of the
province's power distribution. Penelco Abucay is a company located in Salian,
Abucay, Bataan.

 Communication System
The telephone companies, Philippine Long Distance Telephone Co. and
Digital Telecommunications Philippines, Inc., serve Abucay in terms of
communication. With cell sites in Omboy, Salian, Calaylayan, and Mabatang, the
Smart, Sun Cellular, and Globe mobile phone networks give good signal to cell
phone users wherever in the municipality. Mabuhay Cable TV, a privately owned
company, provides cable TV programs to home subscribers in the area. The
Philippine Postal Office in Abucay is conveniently positioned near the public
square to serve the local community.

 Solid waste Disposal

To address waste problems, the town is putting together a waste
management system that includes waste separation, material recovery, and
disposal facilities. Every barangay holds massive information, education, and
communication initiatives. Abucay is planning to build a municipal landfill on a
2,000-square-meter dumpsite within a 10-hectare plot of land. Due to its
accessibility by all types of vehicles via the Salian Vicinal Road, as well as its

74 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 distance from residential areas and streams or water tributaries, the location is a
potential site for the aforementioned project. In order to reduce the
consequences of solid waste on the environment and on people, the municipality
needs a comprehensive solid waste management system.

Local Economy

Agricultural
The Municipality of Abucay is primarily an agricultural area. Rice
production covers around 2,555 hectares of land. The agricultural industry is
unable to realize its full potential due to a variety of issues, including a shortage
of infrastructure such as irrigation, farm-to-market and post-harvest facilities,
technical support, and farmer financial challenges. Agriculture-related activities
include:

a. Rice production
Rice is the most important crop in Abucay. In the previous crop year around
1,268 hectares were irrigated and another 1,287 hectares were rained. A total of
2,555 hectares have been planted, yielding a total of 10.3 metric tons.

75 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 Box 1. Rice production sufficiency anal ysis in
2007.
Effective area (ha) Gross 2,555
production (mt) 10,368
Allowance for seeds (mt) 192
Allowance for waste (mt) 519
Allowance for feeds (mt) Net 197
production (mt) 9,478
Net production clean rice (mt) 6,161
Nutritional requirement (mt) 3,863
Actual consumption (mt ) 4,209
Surplus/deficit (mt) 5,268

Palay production (2007)

Dry season: harvested - 1,287 ha

produc - 5,329 mt.
Wet season:irrigated: tion - 1,268 has.
harvested - 4,714 mt.
rainfed produc - --
tion - 343 mt.
Effective area: harvested 2,555 ha
Production:metric tons produc
10,386
cavans (46 kgs./cavan) tion
216,064
Average production:metric tons 4.06
cavans 88

Source: Office of the Municipal Agriculturist, 2008.

b. Vegetables, fruits and root crops

In Abucay, vegetables and root crops are uncommon. They only
account for a small percentage of overall agricultural land. Only the
farmers' families consume the vegetables and root crops that are
farmed.

c. Fruits
Mangoes and bananas are the most common fruits grown in the
municipality. Farmers have turned to fruit cultivation and harvesting as a way to
supplement their poor revenue from rice farming. Vast areas of rice land are
being converted to commercial orchard development, notably for mango
cultivation. The majority of these plantations rely on rivers, springs, and wells for
their water. In the long run, this might be a hazard to water supplies. Water
supply sustainability should also be considered.

76 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
d. Livestock
Cattle, carabao, goats, swine, and poultry are the most common livestock
in Abucay. The livestock industry in the municipality is dominated by swine and
poultry farming. This may be due to the existence of private individuals that
engage in contract growing with multinational corporations like Magnolia and
others. Due to a lack of zoning, the construction of swine and poultry facilities
posed a threat to other sectors, including tourist, residential, and commercial
districts, and the environment as a whole.
e. Fisheries

77 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 Abucay's economy relies heavily on fishing and aquatic resources
because it is a coastal village. Freshwater aquaculture, brackish water
aquaculture, mussel farming, and fishing are the four types of fishing operations
in the municipality. Traditional fishing and municipal fishing are the two types of

78 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
fishing. Fish drying and processing are related operations that give additional or
supplementary revenue to fishermen. Migrants working in the fishing sector may

be to blame for Wawa's population growth. This puts additional strain on coastal
resources and habitat, exacerbating the decline in fishing yield.

79 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
CLUP-AbucayBataan
Tourism

Resorts, restaurants, and natural attractive locations are examples of

tourism establishments. Tourists are drawn to historical and cultural monuments
such as the ancient Abucay Church, one of the country's oldest churches, the
Tomas Pinpin monument, and the country's earliest printing machine. Pasukulan
Falls and Sibul Spring are two nature-based tourism assets controlled by the
Municipal Government. It is very popular with local tourists in the province
throughout the summer. Another natural attraction in the Bataan Natural Park is
Pasukulan Falls. Because both Sibul Spring and Pasukulan Falls are
environmentally significant, their growth as tourism destinations should be
carefully planned and maintained, taking into account their vital ecological
services. The Existing Tourism Sites and Establishments Map shows the
numerous tourism establishments.

80 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
CLUP-AbucayBataan

81 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
4.1.2.1.2 Socio Economic Profile

http://citypopulation.de/en/philippines/luzon/admin/0308__bataan/

82 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
CLUP-AbucayBataan

83 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
4.1.2.2 Micro Site Data

Owner- Private Property

Land Use- Agriculture (Reclassified as Institutional/ Commercial Land)

The location is Wawa Lati Abucay, Bataan. The site is in a good location
since it is close to the mangroves and has access to the road and other
commercial establishments. The site has a strong water supply, including several
free flows in Wawa Abucay, as well as electricity and telecommunications. The
lot measures 5143.00 square meters.

84 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Access System

85 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Topographic Map

Sun Path Diagram

86 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Wind Path Diagram

Noise Analysis

87 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
4.2 Site Analysis

4.2.1 SWOT Analysis

Strengths
-Because the property is near mangroves, they may be secured and protected.
- It is Abucay's only mangrove eco-park.
- Wawa is the center of Abucay, and here stands the oldest church.

Weaknesses
-Because the location is surrounded by a fishpond, a river, and the sea, high tide
and flooding are common when it rains.
- The sight is close enough to hear unpleasant sounds in a residential area.
- Since the location will be bordered by the water, there is the possibility of a foul
smell.
Opportunities
-A mangrove eco-park will be built in Abucay Bataan, and the mangroves will be
preserved and expanded.
- As a result of the initiative, Abucay's tourism will be boosted even further.
- Because of the products available, the citizens who live nearby will earn more.
- Job opportunities for the locals, particularly the fisherman.

Threats
-When natural disasters such as tsunamis, hurricanes, and floods occur.
- When individuals are engaged in legitimate activities in the mangroves.
- The location will be particularly congested.
- Maintenance of the project.

88 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
4.2.2 Summary of Site Analysis

The population of Abucay, Bataan is 42,984, and the population of

barangay Wawa is 11,111. Abucay Municipality is mostly an agricultural area.
Rice cultivation takes up around 2,555 hectares of land. Due to a multitude of
obstacles, including a lack of infrastructure such as irrigation, farm-to-market
and post-harvest facilities, technical assistance, and farmer financial concerns,
the agricultural business is unable to reach its full potential. Rice cultivation,
vegetables, fruits, and root crops, livestock, and fishing are examples of
agricultural activity.
Tourists are drawn to historical and cultural monuments such as the
ancient Abucay Church, one of the country's oldest churches, the Tomas Pinpin
monument, and the country's earliest printing machine. Pasukulan Falls and
Sibul Spring are two nature-based tourism assets controlled by the Municipal
Government.
Abucay has numerous natural free-flowing springs and wells that the
principal sources of drinkable water. Water is pumped either manually or using
fuel or electricity. Penelco in Abuacay Bataa is the source of their power supply.
The Smart, Sun Cellular, and Globe mobile phone networks give good signal to
cell phone users wherever in the municipality. Mabuhay Cable TV, a privately
owned company, provides cable TV programs to home subscribers in the area
The property is classified as agricultural land by the Assessor's Office in
the Municipality of Abucay, however the MPDO has approved its reclassification
as institutional/commercial land.

89 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 CHAPTER 5

ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING

90 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
5.1 Spatial Organization
5.1.1 Spatial Identification

5.1.1.1 Staffing Requirements

The staffing requirements refer to the number of workers or staff

employed to work in a particular organization based on the project proposal to
know how many users will use a room or building. And to find out which users will
use it.

Administration Building

 General Manager Office

General managers are in charge of all or part of a department's operations
and supervise the day-to-day operations of their organizations.

 Human Resource Department

is a group in charge of handling employee recruiting, hiring, training, and
administration of employee benefits

 Finance Department
It is responsible for managing its financial activity like balance sheets,
financial statements, cash-flow reports, and daily record keeping and
reporting, including all payroll, accounts payable, and receivable. It also
manages and maintains all internal audits and controls, as well as tax and
reporting activities.

 Souvenir Shop
a store that offers products that are supposed to serve as a remembrance
of a particular location

91 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
  Security Department
It is a control room that monitoring station for security and also refers to all
the measures that are taken to protect a place are responsible for keeping
the environment safe and secure for the users.

 Maintenance Department
Responsible for the operations and maintenance, including electrical,
mechanical, air-conditioning and plumbing

 Clinic
Shall provide the services of a physician, with adequate first-aiders:
adequate first aide medicine and necessary equipment shall be provided
in case of emergency

Mangrove Learning Center

This facility serves as a mangrove learning center. This will assist people
to understand what mangroves are, what advantages they provide, and what
mangroves can provide.
Mangrove Nursery
The mangrove nursery is a facility where seedlings are raised and cared
for until they are suitable for permanent planting.

92 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 POSITION NO. OF POSITION

GENERAL MANAGER OFFICE

General Manager 1

Assistant General Manager 1

Secretary 1

TOTAL 3

HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT

Human Resource Head 1

Staff 2

TOTAL 3

FINANCE DEPARTMENT

Finance Head 1

Sale And FInance 2

Cashier 3

TOTAL 6

SOUVENIR SHOP

Staff 1

TOTAL 1

SECURITY DEPARTMENT

Security Manager 1

Staff 2

Security Guard 2

TOTAL 5

MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT

Maintenance Manager 1

Staff 3

TOTAL 4

CLINIC
93 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Physician 1

Nurse 2
5.1.1.2 Space Identification

94 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 ADMINISTRATION BUILDING

GENERAL MANAGER OFFICE -Working space of General

manager
-Working space of Assistant
-Working space of secretary

HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT -HR head area

-Staff area

FINANCE DEPARTMENT -Finance Head area

- Sale and finance area
-Cashier area
-Vault room
SOUVENIR SHOP -Staff area
-souvenir area

SECURITY DEPARTMENT -security manager area

-staff area

MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT -maintenance manager area

-staff area
-storage
-utilities and equipment room

CLINIC -physician working area

-nurse area
-area for patient
-toilet
RECEPTION -area for receptionist

MANGROVE LEARNIG CENTER -area for staff

-lobby
-storage
-toilet
MANGROVE NURSERY -area
95 | T hfor
e staff
Abukawan Eco-Park
-mangrove plants area
5.1.2 Definition of Spatial Elements

5.1.2.1 Qualitative Analysis

SPACES DEFINITION AND QUALITY OF SPACE

FUNCTION
ADMINISTRATION The primary function of -private
BUILDING the admin building is -comfortable Working
offered by another spaces for the staff
department that may aid -clean
in the organization of the -organized
eco-park through its
planning, organizing,
managing, and directing.
MANGROVE It will be a venue to -semi-private
LEARNING CENTER encourage mangrove -neat
environmental education -clean
for everyone, not only -organized
schools, so that
everyone may learn
more about mangroves
MANGROVE NURSERY The mangrove nursery is -semi-private
a facility where -neat
seedlings are raised and -clean
cared for until they are
suitable for permanent
planting.
OUTDOR FACILITIES Provides activities like -public
board walking, bird -good flow
watching, planting -clean and neat
mangroves and etc.

96 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 5.1.2.2 Quantitative Analysis

SPACES ESTIMATED OCCUPAN APPROXIMATE CIRCULATORY AREA

CAPACITY T LOAD AREA AREA 30% ESTIMATED

ADMINISTRATIO
N BUILDINIG
LOBBY 30 1.50 45 13.5 58.5
SOUVENIR SHOP 30 1.20 36 10.8 46.8

CLINIC 3 9.30 27.9 8.37 36.27

FINANCE 9.30 55.8 16.76 72.56

DEPAETMENT. 6

H.R. 9.30 27.9 8.37 36.27

DEPARTMENT 3

CONFERENCE 20 1.40 28 8.4 36.4

ROOM
MAINTENANACE 9.30 37.2 11.16 48.36
OFFICE 4

SECURITY 9.30 46.5 13.95 60.45

OFFICE 5

GENERAL
MANAGER’S 3 9.30 27.9 8.37 36.29

OFFICE
TOILET 1 1.20 1.2 0.36 1.36
LOUNGE 15 1.20 18 5.4 23.4
STORAGE 2 1.20 2.4 0.72 3.12
OUTDOOR 100 0.65 65 19.5 84.5
FACILITIES
MANGROVE
LEARNING
CENTER

97 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 EXHIBIT AREA 20 1.40 28 8.4 36.4
OVERALL 580.68

5.1.3 General Matrix Diagram

5.1.3.1 General Matrix Diagram

ADMINISTRATION BUILDING
MANGROVE LEARNING CENTER
MANGROVE NURSERY
OUTDOOR FACILITIES

LEGEND:
ADMINISTRATION BUILDING DIRECT ACCESSIBLE
INDIECT ACESSIBLE
NOT ACCESSIBLE
LOBBY
GENERAL MANAGER’S OFFICE
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARMENT
FINANCE DEPARTMENT
SOUVENIR SHOP
SECURITY DEPARTMENT
MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT
CLINIC
RECEPTION
CONFERENCE ROOM
TOILET
LAUNGE 98 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
PANTRY
STORAGE
MANGROVE LEARNING CENTER
FRON DESK
LOBBY
EXHIBITS
TOILET

MANGROVE NURSERY

FRON DESK
MANGROVE NURSERY AREA

OUTDOOR FACILITIES

99 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 PARKING
PAVILLION
COTTAGES
GARDEN
BOARDWALK
BIRD WATCHING TOWER
SHELTER
PUBLIC TOILET

LEGEND:
DIRECT ACCESSIBLE
INDIECT ACESSIBLE
NOT ACCESSIBLE

5.1.3.2 General Bubble Diagram

BOARDWALK
MANGROVE
LEARNING
CENTER
COTTAGES

MANGROVE
NURSERY
ADMINISTRATIO
N BUILDING

GARDEN
100 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 PAVIL
LION
PARKING

LEGEND:
CAN ACCESS
PUBLIC
SEMI-PRIVATE
PRIVATE

ADMINISTRATION BUILDING BUBBLE DIAGRAM

GENERAL
MAINTE- MANAGER’S
SECU-
NANCE OFFICE
RITY

PAN-
TRY

CONFE-
RENCE
LOUN ROOM
-GE STO
STO
101 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 TOILET
TOILET
RECEPTION

FINAN- H.R
CE

LOBBY
SOUVE- CLINIC
NIR

LEGEND:
CAN ACCESS
PUBLIC
SEMI-PRIVATE
PRIVATE
MANGROVE LEARNING CENTER

ELECT-
RICAL
ROOM

EXHIBIT/
GALLERY
TOILET

FRONT
DESK

102 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 MANGROVE NURSERY

MANGROVE
NURSERY
AREA

FRONT
DESK LEGEND:
CAN ACCESS
PUBLIC
SEMI-PRIVATE
PRIVATE

5.1.4 Demographic Data of Expected Users

This data indicates the researchers' expected users of the study proposal.
The Abucay Bataan community is one of the expected users. However, there is a
significant opportunity in the project when Bataan is included in the expected users.

Name  Type Popula Populati Annual Area (2013 Density (20 Brgy 

▾ tion on Populati ), in km2 20), coun
(2020) (2015) on per km2 t
Growth 
Rate
(2015-2
020)
Abucay municipali 42,984 39,880 1.59% 79.72 539 9
ty
Bagac municipali 31,365 26,936 3.26% 231.20 136 14
ty
Balanga city 104,173 96,061 1.72% 111.63 933 25
(CC), capit
al
Dinalupiha municipali 118,209 106,371 2.25% 92.52 1,278 46

103 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 Name  Type Popula Populati Annual Area (2013 Density (20 Brgy 
▾ tion on Populati ), in km2 20), coun
(2020) (2015) on per km2 t
Growth 
Rate
(2015-2
020)
n ty
Hermosa municipali 77,443 65,862 3.47% 157.00 493 23
ty
Limay municipali 78,272 68,071 2.98% 103.60 756 12
ty
Mariveles municipali 149,879 127,536 3.46% 153.90 974 18
ty
Morong municipali 35,394 29,901 3.61% 219.20 161 5
ty
Orani municipali 70,342 66,909 1.06% 64.90 1,084 29
ty
Orion municipali 60,771 56,002 1.74% 65.41 929 23
ty
Pilar municipali 46,239 41,823 2.14% 37.60 1,230 19
ty
Samal municipali 38,302 35,298 1.73% 56.30 680 14
ty

Bataan Total 853,373 760,650 2.45% 1,372.98 622 237

https://www.philatlas.com/luzon/r03/bataan.html
5. 2 Organizational Structure

GENERAL MANAGER

SECRETARY

ASSISTANT
GENERAL MANAGER

HUMAN RESOURCE SECURITY

HEAD MANAGER
104 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 STAFFS STAFFS SEC. GUARD

FINANCE HEAD MAINTENANE

MANAGER

STAFFS
ACCOUNTANT

CLINIC
STAFFS

PHYSICIAN NURSE

5.2.1 Behavioral Patterns

GENERAL
MANAGER

GOING TO
GENERAL DOING PAPER
ARRIVAL
MANAGERS WORKS
OFFICE
105 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
ASSISTANT
GENERAL
MANAGER

GOING TO
GENERAL DISCUSSION
ARRIVAL
MANAGERS WITH G.M
OFFICE

GOING HOME DOING PAPER

LUNCH
WORKS 106 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 ASSISTANT
GENERAL
MANAGER

DOING
ARRIVAL TIME LOG-IN DUTIES AS
SECRETARY

DOING
TIMELOG-OUT DUTIES AS
LUNCH
SECRETARY

GOING HOME

DEPARTMENT
HEADS AND
STAFF

GOING TO
ARRIVAL TIME LOG-IN
OFFICE

DOING
LUNCH DOING
OFFICEWORKS
107 | T h e A b u k a w OFFICEWORKS
an Eco-Park
TIME LOG-OUT GOING HOME

108 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 CHAPTER 6

ENVIRONMENTAL
SYSTEMS

6.1 STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

Post-lintel structural system

In the proposed project, post-and-lintel construction will be used. It can
bear a significant amount of weight. It is a simple construction technique that
makes use of both vertical and horizontal building elements.

109 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Material
R.C.C, timber, steel, iron

110 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Types of columns to be used

Circular columns are using in the proposed project. It works well in

seismically active regions where great strength and ductility are required in all
directions. In circular columns, as opposed to other designs, it is significantly
simpler to contain the concrete using specific reinforcement. When no walls are
required on either side of the column, circular columns are needed.

Types of foundation to be used

Pier and Beam foundation

The greatest foundation that may be used in coastal settings is a pier and
beam foundation. The building's foundation is crucial to its construction. The way
the building's foundation is built affects how strong the structure is. The benefit of
adopting a pier and beam foundation is that it is built to elevate the structure,
protecting it from dampness and flooding. It can be built on any type of land.

111 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
6.2 Electrical Systems

Power
A power supply might be required for this project so that it can produce
electricity for consumption by consumers. The proposed project might be used to
power the Abucay Service Center- Penelco Inc. (Penisula Electric Cooperative)
in Abucay, Bataan, which provides electricity to the entire municipality. One
substation is present. The maximum net capacity is 12500 KVA, and the average
net capacity is 10000 KVA. Due to the availability of electricity in the
aforementioned area, there are also existing electrical poles and cables that will
carry electricity in Wawa Lati Abucay.

112 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
6.3 Mechanical Systems

Split-type air conditioning was used in the administrative building and

the offices to enhance users' comfort. Split air conditioners are installed high and
are intended to cool larger spaces, which makes installation and maintenance
more challenging. Centralized air conditioning refers to a system that cools air
at a convenient location throughout the mangrove learning center.

In the case of a power outage, cross ventilation will be helpful. The

building's windows are not fixed; they may be opened to let air in, and there is
good ventilation inside.

113 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 Also, using an exhaust fan will be useful in comfort rooms and other
spaces so that there is no odor in one space and also for heat dissipation.

114 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
6.4 Fire-Fighting Systems

Automatic Wet Pipe Sprinkler System

The sprinkler heads in a wet
pipe sprinkler system are connected
to pressurized water-filled pipes. The
sprinkler system automatically
activates to put out a fire when one is
detected. It is a low-maintenance fire
sprinkler system that is dependable.
The technology behind fire sprinkler
systems is highly advanced, and the
sprinklers are built to be heat-
sensitive, only turning on when the
temperature reaches a fire-induced
level, often between 155- and 165-degrees Fahrenheit.
The advantage of using a wet pipe fire sprinkler system are ease of
modification, relative low installation and maintenance expenses, system
simplicity and reliability, and easy detect the fire.

Fire Extinguisher

In order to stop a fire from

spreading, fire extinguishers use a
substance to reduce the heat of the
flames, smother the fuel, or cut off the
oxygen supply. If used by a competent
person, a portable fire extinguisher can
swiftly put out a minor fire.

115 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 Fire Alarm system

Fire alarm system is intended to alert people of an emergency

so that they can take appropriate action to protect themselves, fellow
members, and the public. Offices, factories, and public
buildings all have fire alarms. Although they are a common sight,
they are sometimes disregarded until an emergency, at which point
they may just save their lives. Whatever the technique of detection,
sounders will activate if an alarm is set off to alert occupants of the
building to the possibility of a fire and to leave. A remote signal
system that might notify the fire brigade via a central station may also
be included in the fire alarm system.

6.5 Sanitary Systems

Water Supply

The government does not have a water district in Abucay, Bataan. People
frequently obtain their water from jetmatics, water pump (poso), and free flows. It
can be applied to the project proposal because that one also requires a water
source.

116 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Sanitary Drainage

Septic Tank

Using three-chambered septic tank on the project proposal

because it is recommended nowadays. The majority of the faucal sludge
removed from septic tanks is released untreated into low-lying areas,
agricultural fields, drains, and sewers. There are numerous benefits to
using a septic tank:
 Due to their size and weight, they have a large capacity to hold septic
waste.
 Septic tanks are more cost-effective in the long term.
 requires minimal maintenance

117 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
  they last a lot longer for the cement septic tanks.

6.6 Waste Management

Solid Waste Management

Waste Segregation
The designer has placed a garbage disposal on the west side of the site
so that the garbage collector or truck can pick up the garbage easily. And also,
the designer placed around the trash can where the biodegradable, non-
biodegradable, and recyclable items are separated to keep the site clean and
tidy.

6.7 Landscape System

118 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Plantscaping

It would be more beneficial to use plants in the project proposal to

enhance the surrounding area's aesthetics. The pleasant atmosphere of the
project proposal will inspire more people to visit. It can relax the eyes and the
senses can be calmed by the presence of plants, especially if they enjoy nature
and have a desire to see trees and plants around them.
Shrubs on sidewalks and path walks can be used to guide the blind and
prevent accidents. To prevent users from overheating while walking around the
site, the trees will act as a barrier to the sunlight on the walkway.  All kinds of
flowers will contribute to the beauty of the surroundings.

Accessibility

 There is an existing road outside the site where vehicles and pedestrians
will pass through the project proposal.
 The circulation inside the site can easily access every facility available on
the said site.
 The designer provides a road within the site where users can enter
vehicles so that they can easily access the facilities.
 There are also pathways throughout the site that pedestrians can use to
get to the facilities.

Way-Finding

119 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Signage and information system

In order for people to know where to go and how to get there, it is

necessary to provide signs on the roads or streets so that their intended
destination can be more clearly identified.

Maps

Using area maps will help first-timers know where the facilities they want
to go to are and also allow them to better understand the circulation within the
site.
 

120 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 CHAPTER 7

DESIGN
FRAMEWORK

7.1 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

121 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 "As an architect you design for present with an
awareness of the past for the future which
is essentially unknown"

Norman Foster

7.2 Design Concept

Torogan house

The Maranao people of Lanao,

Mindanao, construct torogans as
traditional ancestral homes. It is a
conventional residence with impressive
and enduring disaster-resilient elements
that may be applicable to the community
today. The designers came up with an
idea is to look at traditional homes from
the past, such as Torogan House, but to
redesign them to be more modern and
reinforced.

The proposed project adapted the design of one of the traditional houses
in the Philippines, the Torogan house. It gives the idea of protecting the users up
there so that they will be safer from wild animals, floods, and so on.

Objectives

122 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
  To serve as gathering place for bonding and relaxation
 Provide knowledge to educate the people about the importance of mangrove
 It provides a tourist attraction for people interested in exploring the mangrove
forest.
 Promoting a local product manufactured by locals
 It provides a tourist attraction for people interested in exploring the mangrove
forest.

7.3 Sub-Concepts

7.3.1 Form Concept

SQUARE
The project's form concept is Squares, stand for order, trust, stability, and
being grounded. They are simpler, quicker, and more affordable to construct from
common materials. Squares and rectangles, two of the most widely used
geometric shapes in design, are utilized to organize and define a design,
providing it with reassuring structure.

7.3.2 Time Concept

123 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 The proposed project is only occasionally accessible in order to eventually
keep the area tidy and organized. Additionally, the timing of its opening depends
on whether the site's water level is high or low as a result of the tide or the storm
brought on by the flood.
 

7.3.3 Economy Concept

The goal on the economic side is to minimize the maintenance cost of

the project proposal. The concept maximizes the natural resources of the
environment, such as sun, wind, water, and environmentally friendly materials.
Encourage natural light from the sun and passive cooling through proper
orientation to reduce high energy consumption, which results in high electrical
charges.

124 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
7.4 Design Considerations

ACCESSIBILITY
All users, including PWDs, can access the proposed project. It will
be easier for people to access the site if it is properly oriented. The
site also has access to a road for easy access.

FUNCTIONALITY
The project's purpose is to provide eco-tourism, which will also
assist the community in the environment and among the people.

ORIENTATION
Considering the proper orientation for efficient site flow

SAFETY AND SECURITY

In order for users to feel secure in the location they are visiting,
staff who will take care to keep it neat and clean as well as the
project's security must be considered.

NATURAL LIGHTING AND VENTILATION

The proposed project is considered to provide comfortable lighting
and ventilation for users.

125 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
7.5 Style Guiding Principles

Philippine Architecture

The architecture of the Philippines, the homes of its numerous ethnic groups, the
churches and mosques, and the structures that have grown in response to the
demands of progress and the ambitions of the population all serve as testaments
to the history and culture of the country.

 Using natural colors

 Bamboo

 Concrete

126 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 Glass

 Brick and stone

 Huts

127 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
7.5.1 General Architectural Character

Coconut Palace

Location: Maynila, Kalakhang Maynila

Architect: Francisco Manosa
Completed: 1978

128 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
  Francisco Manosa, a National Artist for Architecture, created the Coconut
Palace.
 The coconut tree is the source of the lumber, shells, and husks used in the
building, which make up to 70% of it. All other components are made of
local hardwoods and Philippine marble.
 One of the best examples of Filipino vernacular architecture is the
Coconut Palace.
 All of the palace's furnishings are composed of coconut-derived materials.
A dining table inlaid with more than 40,000 pieces of crushed and polished
coconut shells is one of the standout pieces, along with a coconut
chandelier made with 101 coconut shells.

7.5.2 Architectural Style Details to be Adopted

Modern Bahay Kubo style to be adopt

129 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Window Style to be adopt

Jalousie Window

 A jalousie window, also known

as a louvered window, is made
up of parallel glass, acrylic, or
wooden louvres that are
mounted in a frame. Jalousie
windows allow air to circulate
through the whole window
space, maximizing natural
ventilation. They have
traditionally only been built of
glass or wooden slats, and they
work well in moderate winter climes.

Timber windows

 It can be used for the building of

proposed project to maintain the
traditional architectural integrity
of a building while still providing
all the energy efficiency of other
modern windows and also it can
be used for new construction.

130 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Door style to be adopt

Solid wood door

 Solid wood doors are made entirely of unaltered, natural wood. Frames and
panels, rather than a single piece of wood, are still frequently used in the
construction of solid wood doors. The type of wood used might range from
softwoods like pine to hardwoods like maple or oak. Solid core doors are made of
wood and have a wood frame that is completely filled with wood or wood-
composite materials. Similar to other doors, a solid core door's typical
measurements are 80 inches tall by 36 inches wide, and 1 5/16 inches thick.

131 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 CHAPTER 8

MANNER OF
FINANCING

132 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
8.1 Source of Funding

Government
The government will provide funding for the project idea. With its help, it
will be more feasible to build this project. The city budget office staff and the city
mayor are responsible for funding for this project because it is both a source of
tourism for their community and also the government's responsibility to take care
of the mangroves to protect it. Mangrove management is under the Department
of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR).

8.2 Probable Project Construction Cost

Wawa Lati Abucay Bataan is the location of proposed project and the lot
measures has 5143.00 square meters.

Building Cost

Parametric Cost

CONSERVATIVE SEMII ELEGANT ELEGANT

FINISHED FINISHED FINISHED
Php 20, 000 per sqm Php 25,000 per sqm Php 40,000 per sqm

Area (sqm) Area (sqm) Area (sqm)

Spaces +30% Spaces +30% Spaces +30%
Circulation Circulation Circulation

133 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
ADMINISTRATION BUILDING

Lobby 58.80

Souvenir shop 47.10

Clinic 36.57

H.R.
DEPARTMENT 36.57

CONFERENCE 36.70
ROOM

MAINTENANCE 48.66
ROOM

SECURITY 60.75
OFFICE

GENERAL
MANAGER’S 36.59

OFFICE

STORAGE 3.00 FINANCE 72.86

DEPARTMENT

TOILET 3.50 LOUNGE 23.70

134 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 MANGROVE LEARNING CENTER

EXHBIT 260.00
AREA

TOILET 3.5 ELECTRICA 9.00

L
ROOM

OUTDOOR FACILITIES

COTTAGES 9.00 TOILET 3.5 PAVILION 462.00

TOTAL

9.00 sq. m. 10.00 sq m. 1189.30sq m.

X X X
Php 20,000 Php 25,000 Php 40,000

=Php 180,000.00 = Php 250,000.00 = Php 47,572,000.00

PROBABLE TOTAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION COST

FINISHES TOTAL FLOOR AREA CONSTRUCTION COST
CONSERVATIVE 9.00 sq m Php 18,000.00
SEMI-ELEGANT 10.00 sq m Php 250,000.00
ELEGANT 1189.30 sq m Php 47,572,000.00
TOTAL 1208.30 SQ M Php 47,840,000.00

135 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
8.3 Return of Investment/Maintenance Sustainability

Note: all computation is rough estimate only*

Entrance fee to Site

TIME RATE NO. OF USERS TOTAL

Day tour Php 80.00 70 Php 5,600.00
(Ordinary days)
Day tour Php 100.00 150 Php 15,000.00
(Peak season)

Peak Season- Month of March, April, May, December

Ordinary days

Php 5,600.00 x 22 days (in 1 month) = Php 123,200.00 x 8 (Ordinary Months)

Total= Php 985,600.00

Peak Season

Php 15,000.00 x 22 days (in 1 month) = Php 330,000.00 x 4 (months)

Total= Php 1,320,000.00

Over all total: Php 2,305,600.00

136 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 Parking fee to site

VEHICLE TYPE RATE NUMBER OF TOTAL

USERS
Motor 20 15 300
Car 50 15 750
Van 50 10 500
Jeep 70 5 350
Bus 100 2 200
Total Php 2,100.00

Php 2,100.00/ day x 22 days (in 1 month) = Php 46,200.00 x 12 (annual)

Total= Php 554,400.00

Rental fees

Rental fees Rate Number of total

rentable
cottages 150 5 750

Php 750.00/ day x 22 days (in 1 month) = Php 16,500.00 x 12 (annual)

Total = Php 198,000.00

Entrance fee In Mangrove Learning Center

TIME RATE NO. OF USERS TOTAL
Per 2 hours Php 50.00 20 Php 5,000.00

20 users/ 2hrs x 5 (10 hrs per day) = 100 users (in 1 day) x Php 50.00 (entrance
fee) = Php 5,000.00 x 22 days (in 1 month) = Php 110,000.00 x 12 (months)
137 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Total = Php1,320.000.00

Rentable Booth

Area (typical) Rate Price No. of Units Total

9.00 sqm Php 300.00/ Php 2,700 15 Php 40,500
sqm
Total Php 40,500/
monthly

Php 40,500.00 x 12 (annual)

Total = Php 486,000

Mangrove Seedling

No. of Seedling/ day Price Total

500 Php 10.00 Php 5,000.00

Php 5,000 x 22 days (in 1 month) = Php 110,000.00 x 12 (annual)

Total = Php 1,320,000.00

138 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Total profit per year

Entrance fee : Php 2,305,600.00

Parking fee to site : Php 554,400.00

Rental fees : Php 198,000.00

Entrance fee In Mangrove : Php1,320.000.00

Learning Center

Rentable Booth : Php 486,000

Mangrove seedling : Php 1,320,000.00

Total = Php 6,184,000.00

Php 47,840,000.00/ Php 6,184,000.00

Total of 8 years Return of Investment (ROI)

139 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 CHAPTER 9

FINDINGS AND
CONCLUSION

140 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Research Summary

Abucay has a total area of 10,686 hectares that encompasses both land
and sea jurisdiction. The land area is 7,970 ha, or approximately 5.8 percent of
Bataan's total land area, while the municipal water area is 2,716 ha. 44% of the
entire area is suitable for habitation, lowland rice cultivation, orchards, livestock,
and fishery farming. The western section is covered with secondary forest,
accounting for about 38 percent of Abucay's land area. The forest is part of
Bataan Natural Park, which has been designated as a protected area under the
National Integrated Protected Area System Law .

Abucay is divided into nine barangays: Bangkal, Calaylayan, Capitangan,

Gabon, Laon, Mabatang, Omboy, Salian, and Wawa. The Municipality of Abucay
is endowed with natural resources and institutional facilities that provide
residents with access to social services, closeness to contemporary commercial
and trade facilities, and potential for advancement.

Tourist establishments include resorts, restaurants, and natural, scenic

areas. Tourists are also drawn to cultural and historical monuments such as the
ancient Abucay Church, one of the country's oldest churches, the Tomas Pinpin
monument, and the country's earliest printing machine. The Pasukan Falls and
the Sibul Spring are two natural tourist attractions. Some festivals, such as the
Christmas festival in Mabatang, the province's Christmas capital, also draw
visitors. During the Christmas season, the province's capital.

Since tourism might be the biggest economic resource of Abucay for a

place of such beauty, tourist activities and facilities and buying local products
“The -Abukawan Eco-Park” has a lot answer for the needs of the community of
Abucay Bataan. The activities may be adapted for a great experience for the
users.

141 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 The Wawa Lati Abucay Bataan is the location of the proposed project.
Because of their mangroves and local products is the advantage of promoting a
tourist attraction to enjoy, the scenery and the view, also the site can reach with
any type of vehicle, meaning that the site has an easy access to roads.

Municipality of Abucay will benefit on this project to minimize the lack of

recreational facilities and community activities. And also promoting the place for
tourism and their local products to develop and grow their tourism. The project
will provide a recreational activity at the same time to promote their famous local
products therefore the local residents will also benefit in the proposed project.

Therefore, I conclude that The Abukawa Eco-Park is capable and feasible

to exists in the Wawa Lati Abucay Bataan as well as with objectves and
significance for the community of Abucay Bataan.

142 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
 CHAPTER 10

RECOMMENDATION

143 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
Recommendations

The Abukawa Eco-Park was constructed to meet the needs of the Abucay,
Bataan community. Additionally, because of the demand it would create in the
community, it will boost the town's tourism appeal, which will be advantageous to
the municipality and the community.

People that visit the eco-park are responsible for maintaining the area's
cleanliness and aesthetic appeal. These factors can help visitors completely
comprehend the significance of the site. To help people understand the need to
respect the exceptional natural beauty of the place, put up some signage or
reminders on the property and keep it clean at all times.

The proposed project should add more activities and facilities so that more
people can visit the site and also for the proposed project to have additional
income and a great opportunity for local residences to get to know their local
products better. Also, provide plenty of parking areas for many users to visit the
site. It provides open spaces for playgrounds, greeneries and venues for
more accommodation

144 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
APPENDICES

145 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Kathiresan, K. and Nishanth, R. (2005). Coastal mangrove forests mitigated

tsunami.

Sandilyan, S. and Kathiresan, K. (2012). Mangrove conservation: a global

perspective.

Tim, J. and Venugopalan, I. (2002). Relevance of mangrove for the production

and deposition of organic matter along tropical continental margins.

Thorsten, D. et a.l. (2006). Mangroves, a major source of dissolve organic carbon

to the oceans.

146 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
REFERENCES/ SOURCE:

https://www.google.com/search?q=Kathiresan+%26+Rejendran.
%2C2005&oq=Kathiresan+%26+Rejendran.
%2C2005&aqs=chrome..69i57.10512j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10531-012-0388-x
https://repository.seafdec.org.ph/handle/10862/1880
https://www.ijert.org/the-concept-of-mangrove-eco-tourism-master-plan-in-
belitung-district-indonesia
https://dspace.emu.ee/xmlui/handle/10492/6665?locale-attribute=en
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338359159_Community-
Based_Mangrove_Rehabilitation_The_Case_of_Calatagan_Mangrove_Park-
Marine_Protected_Area_Batangas_Philippines
http://benjielayug.com/2019/04/silonay-mangrove-conservation-ecopark-calapan-
city-oriental-mindoro.html
https://www.nparks.gov.sg/gardens-parks-and-nature/parks-and-nature-
reserves/sungei-buloh-wetland-reserve
https://www.rcenetwork.org/portal/sites/default/files/global_conf/Cha-am.pdf
https://www.slideshare.net/mangroveecologyph/state-of-the-mangroves-bataaan
https://www.slideshare.net/mangroveecologyph/state-of-the-mangroves-bataaan
https://www.google.com.ph/maps/place/Abucay,+Bataan/
@14.7284169,120.4993443,12129m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!
1s0x339641d4b630cea9:0xe9d8329b003ef9cf!8m2!3d14.7128091!
4d120.4933624
https://weatherspark.com/y/134674/Average-Weather-in-Abucay-Philippines-
Year-Round#Sections-Humidity
http://citypopulation.de/en/philippines/luzon/admin/0308__bataan/

147 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
JUROR COMMENTS:

COMMENTS regarding CHAPTER 1:

- Background of the student should not be a reflection of notes and studies about
the topic, it should introduce your proposal and give reasons why need to focus
on the proposal. It should also state the factors why this proposal needs to study
on.
- Main Problem must be in a "question format" and should be 1 question only
- Sub-Problem must be in a "question format" and should be a minimum of 5
questions.
- Goals should be a key answer to your Main Problem
- Objectives should be a key answer to your Sub-Problem. If you have 5 sub-
problems, you should also have 5 objectives to defend those items
- Significance of the study should elaborate on who will benefit from this proposal
and should explain the worth of the study to every designated area
- Scope and Delimitation should elaborate on each item that needs to be
considered, it should be long enough to further understand why it is limited only
to the following
- you don't need to indicate that this study is not a duplicate of an existing thesis
book, you need to show how original your work should be in your Justification of
the Study
- copying content from the internet and other means of reference may be
accused of Plagiarism. Please make your own ideas and initiative regarding the
study. If proven, this will fail you in this course. This is a warning. Also, if you use
references from others, do acknowledge to whom you get these data. 
- Also update your Title upon the submission of your revisions.

148 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
INTERVIEWS/ SURVEY DATA:

149 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
150 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
151 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
152 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
153 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
OTHER DOCUMENTS:

154 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
155 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
156 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
157 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
158 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
159 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
160 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k
161 | T h e A b u k a w a n E c o - P a r k