-------------MOD 3.

1_--------------- The common seal P-Trap has 5 centimeters

deep water seal between the overflow and the
TRAPS-
dip, that will offer resistance against abnormal
A fitting or device so constructed as to prevent conditions, only the amount of pressure of 5-
the passage of air, gas, and some vermin centimeter water will develop
through a pipe without materially affecting the
flow of sewage or waste water through it.

S- TRAP

refers to the water seal at the bottom of the

toilet that stops sewer gases and smells from
escaping into your bathroom. The set out of a
DEEP SEAL
toilet outlet refers to the outlet drainage point
location.  The common seal P-Trap has 7.5-10centimeters
deep water seal between the overflow and the
• the drainpipe drops down from the sink and
dip. This trap may be used under normal
into a conventional trap. It then loops over and
condition but is purposely designed for
exits downward.
abnormal situations such us:

– Extreme heat conditions in the area

– Increase/decrease of atmospheric condition
– Where total ventilation cannot be obtained.

P-TRAP
Most common practical shapes are available in
P- TRAP various sizes from 32mm- 50mm in diameter.
• refers to the water seal at the bottom of the
toilet that stops sewer gases and smells from DEEP SEAL
escaping into your bathroom. The set out of a Most commonly used on:
toilet outlet refers to the outlet drainage point 1. Lavatory 2. Sinks
location. 3. Shower bath with less amount of water
discharge
• the drain comes down from the sink and into 4. Urinals 5. Drinking fountain.
the trap, but instead of looping over and back
down, the drain enters a horizontal run before P-TRAP INSTALLATION
exiting downward. All traps shall be self-cleaning
.• Shall be installed within 60 cm of the fixture it
serves
GREASE TRAP • Shall be accessible forcleaning through the
bottomopening closed by a screw plug
• A grease trap is something kitchen
• All traps are subject to the stoppage, hence,
wastewater flows through before entering the
shall be provided with a “clean-out”
sewer waste system. This receptacle —
• The “dip” portion of the trap shall be as short
technically a grease interceptor — intercepts,
as possible to avoid retarted flow of water.
captures, or "traps" grease.

DRUM TRAP
drum trap consists of an enlarged 'vessel' that
holds a large volume of water. Drum traps were
commonly used at bathtubs.

TRAPS CLASSIFICATION HOUSE DRAIN

THE COMMON SEAL House Drain is that portion of the plumbing
system that receives discharges of all soil and
The common seal P-Trap has 5 centimeters waste weeks within the bailding, and conveys
deep water seal between the overflow and the the same to the House Sewer
dip, that will offer resistance against abnormal
conditions, only the amount of pressure of 5-
centimeter water will develop.
House Drain is sometimes referred to as the CHANGE OF HOUSE DRAIN DIRECTION
Collection line of a Plumbing System. It can be
installed underground or maybe suspended 7-4 Change of House Drain Direction Changes of
below the floor or inside the cling In large house drain direction is also governed by the
building. house drain is usually suspended from following conditions
the basement ceiling to avail of the gravity flow
All changes in directions from horizontal to
of waste to the Man Sewer
horizon-tal. or vertical to horizontal flow, should
be done with long radius fittings Short Tees, ½
HOUSE DRAIN CLASSIFICATION
bends and short turn L fittings, should not be
permitted
1. COMBINED DRAIN
2. SANITARY DRAIN Soil branch should be run Right. Angle to the
3. INDUSTRIAL DRAIN main
4. STORM DRAIN
Fixture connection fust run at Right Angle to the
COMBINED DRAIN- Is a type of house drain that branch
receives discharges of sanitary waste as well as On House Drain Cleanout, The national
stormwater. plumbing codes provides that.
❖ Oldest form of house drain but is no longer
used. 1. The house drain shall be provided with
adequate number of cleanouts to
SANITARY DRAIN- Is a type of house drain that prevent breaking of the door, in case of
receives the discharges of sanitary and drain stoppage.
domestic waste only. 2. The location of the cleanout depends
upon the good judgment of the
❖ Storm water is not allowed in the sanitary
plumber where it is readily accessible in
drain
case of line trouble.
3. Any branch of the house drain
INDUSTRIAL DRAIN-Is a type of house
terminating at a floor drain or fixture,
drain that receives the discharges from
shall be provided with 100 mm
industrial equipment that contain some
diameter pipe, extended at least 2
objectable acid wastes.
inches above the floor inserted in a 45
degrees Y branch in the direction of the
STORM DRAIN
drain flow
Conveys all storm clear water, or surface water
4. The cleanout shall be equipped with
waste except sanitary wastes.
threaded screw cover provided with a
raised head that could be removed
❖ Storm drainage terminates into lake, river,
easily with a wrench
dry run or natural basins.
5 A cleanout extended above the floor,
shall not be utilized as a floor drain
It is recommended under any circumtances that
a 2% slope for the house drain should be
maintained. There are instances however,
HOUSE DRAIN APPLIANCES
where less than 2% slope was adopted under
the following circumstances. House drain appliance includes the
following
1. When the depth of the sewer line in
relation with depth of the basement 1. House trap
floor is low. House trap assembly
2. Long sewer line would require lower Backflow valves
pitch but should not be less than 1% Balance valves
3. In case the sewer line slope is very Unabalanced valve
slight, installation of the pipe should be 2. Area Drain
guided by leveling, installation of the 3. Floor Drain
pipe should be guided by leveling 4. Yard Catch Basin
instrument for accuracy to prevent sags 5. Garage Catch Basin
or trapped pipping,
Catch basin includes

a. Drain tile receptor

b. Sewage ejector
CIRCUIT OR LOOP VENT
c. Automatic water siphon
d. Sump pit • This is employed where two or more fixture
e. Grease basins traps are installed on a horizontal soil or waste
branch.

The use of a circuit vent generally reduces the

cost of the plumbing installation.

RELIEF VENT

• Is installed to ventilate the soil and waste pipe

and the connecting branches other than the
fixture traps.

• Relief vent is provided when waste branches

are circuit vented.

YOKE OR BY-PASS VENTILATION

HOUSE SEWER
• On a long vertical soil pipe a relief vent is
This is that portion of the horizontal drainage installed at 3 to 5-floor intervals. In this case,
system which starts from the outer face of the the relief vent is referred to as the YOKE or by-
building and terminate at the main sewer in the pass ventilation.
street or septic tank
WET VENTILLATION
Size of house sewer
• Refers to the vertical pipe of the plumbing
For ordinary residential installation, a minimum system used as ventilation of the plumbing,
size 150 mm (6’) D for vetrified clay pipe. If cast installation, and fixture traps which at the same
iron or plastic pipe, a 100 mm (4’) can be used. time receive and convey liquid waste discharge
from the fixtures. Widely used for small groups
PLUMBING VENT of bathroom fixtures, particularly on one or
THE VENT PIPE-The Vent Pipe in a plumbing two- story residential houses.
system functions as an air passage or conduit to LOOPED VENT
ventilate the drainage & waste pipe installation.
• Used on Fixtures in a room away from
KIND OF VENTS partitions. Common to beauty parlors, barbers
Main Soil and Waste Vent shops and dental clinics and surgical rooms.

Part of the soil/waste stack 1.00 m above the THE SEPTIC TANK
highest installed fixture branch which extends watertight receptacle which receives the
through the roof. It is utilized as a terminal of discharge of a plumbing system or part thereof,
the main vent and other vents of the plumbing and is designed and constructed so as to
installation. separate solids from the liquid, digest the
INDIVIDUAL VENT organic matter through a period of detention,
and allow the effluent to discharge into a storm
Sometimes referred to as back vent. It IS that drain; or directly to the ground outside the tank
portion of the vent pipe that serves as a single through a system of open joint or perforated
trap. It should be connected as close to the piping.
fixture trap as possible, should be located
underneath and back of the fixture and 11 must THE SEPTIC TANK
be connected to the main vent above the LOCATION AND FEATURES
overflow line of the fixture.
1. Septic tanks should be located not less than
UNIT VENT 15 metersbaway from potable water to prevent
This is that portion of the vent pipe that contamination.
ventilates two fixture traps. Usually used in 2. Where there is public sewer pipe, septic
apartments arranged back to back tanks are not allowed.
3. No septic tank shall be installed within or
under a house.

4. The inlets and outlets are submerged and

arranged so as not to disturb the sludge or
SCUM.

5. The bottom of the Tank should slope (1:10)

minimum towards the manhole in the center to
facilitate cleaning.

6. The top cover and the manhole are usually

extended 15 cm above the surface of the soil to
overcome surface water infiltration

DETERMINING THE VOLUME OF THE SEPTIC

TANK

1. Minimum Width = 0.90 meters

2. Minimum Length = 1.50 meters

3. Minimum Depth = 1.20 meters

4. For residential = allocate 0.14 to 0.17 cubic

meter of liquid per person.

5. To serve 12 persons = not more than 2.0

cu.m.

6. For school industrial establishment =Volume

shoud not be less than 0.057 cu.m. nor more
than 0.086 cu.m. per person.

PREFABRICATED SEPTIC TANKS

• Manufactured or prefabricated septic tanks

shall comply with all approved applicable
standards and be approved by the
Administrative Authority.

• Independent laboratory tests and engineering

calculations certifying the tank capacity and
structural stability shall be provided as required
by the Administrative Authority.

PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM

a septic tank with the effluent discharging into a

subsurface disposal field, seepage pits, or of
such other facilities as may be permitted by the
plumbing code.

PLUMBING TOOLS