A

Project report on

IOT Based Home Automation Using NodeMCU and

Blynk Application
Submitted to

Geethanjali Institute of Science & Technology, Nellore,

(Affiliated to JNTUA, Anantapuramu )In
Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

Bachelorof Technology In Electricaland

Electronics Engineering By

N .Pavan Kalyan (192U1A0226)

P .Gireesh Krishna (202U5A0208)
R .Vamsi (192U1A0234)
Md .Mohid (192U1A0221)

Underthe esteemed guidance of

Mrs.Ch.Silpi Priyanka

DepartmentofElectricalandElectronicsEngineering Geethanjali
Institute of Science and Technology
(Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur) Accredited by
NAAC “A” Grade and NBA
(AUTONOMOUS)
Gangavaram, Kovur, S.P.S.R Nellore, A.P-India. 524137
(AUTONOMOUS)
 Gangavaram, Kovur, S.P.S.R Nellore,A.P-India. 524137 Affiliated to J.N.T.U,
Anantapur. [email protected] www.gist.edu.in
Department of Electrical andElectronics Engineering

Certificate
This is to certify that the project work entitled“IOTBased Home Automation Using
NodeMCU and Blynk Application“is the work done by

N . Pavan Kalyan (192U1A0226)

P .Gireesh Krishna (202U5A0208)
R . Vamsi (192U1A0234)
Md .Mohid (192U1A0221)

Submitted to the department of electrical and electronics engineering, in partial

fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical &Electronics
Engineering to the Geethanjali Institute of Science and Technology(Affiliated to Jawaharlal
Nehru Technological University, Anantapuramu) is a record of bonafide work carried out under
my guidance and supervision.
The results embodied in this project report have not been submitted to any other
university or institute for the award of any degree or diploma.
ProjectGuide/Supervisor: Head oftheDepartment
Mrs.Ch.Silpi Priyanka Dr. T.RaviKumar, M.Tech, Ph.D.
Assosiate Professor Professor and Head of
Department of EEE Dept. of EEE,
GIST GIST, Nellore(Dist) Nellore(Dist)

Date of External Project :

 Acknowledgment
With great pleasure, I want to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitudeto all
the people who helped in makingthis project a grand success.

We take this opportunity to express thanks to my beloved Guide Mrs.Ch.Silpipriyanka.

AssosiateProfessor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Geethanjali Institute of
Science and Technology, for his valuable suggestions and guidance at every stage and high dynamic
and motivate encouragement in completing the project.

At a very auspicious moment, my heart full thanks to Dr. T.Ravi Kumar, Professor & Head
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, GeethanjaliInstituteofScienceand Technology,
for giving guidelines and suggestions to complete.

We take immense pleasure in thanking Dr.G.SUBBA RAO, Principal, Geethanjali Institute

of Science and Technology for having permitted me to carry out this project work.

We would like to express my gratitude to Sri N. SUDHAKAR REDDY,

Secretary& Correspondent, Geethanjali Institute of Science and Technology, Nellore.

We would like to thank the Teaching & Non- teaching staff of the Department of Electrical
and Electronics Engineering for sharingtheir knowledge with us.

Finally, We are thankful to one and all who contributed to my work directly or indirectly. My
Family Members and Friends receive my deepest gratitude and love for their support throughout my
academic years.

WithGratitude

N .Pavan Kalyan (192U1A0226)

P .Gireesh Krishna (202U5A0208)

R .Vamsi (192U1A0234)

Md .Mohid (192U1A0221)
 GEETHANJALIINSTITUTEOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLO
GY

INSTITUTEVISION

ToemergeasaleadingEngineeringinstitutionimpartingqualityeducation.
INSTITUTEMISSION

IM1:ImplementEffectiveteaching-

learningstrategiesforqualityeducationIM2:Build

Congenialacademicambienceforprogressivelearning

IM3:FacilitateSkilldevelopmentthroughIndustry-Instituteinitiatives

IM4:Groomenvironmentallyconsciousandsociallyresponsibletechnocrats

DEPARTMENTOFELECTRICALANDELECTRONICSENGINEERING

DEPARTMENTVISION

ToemergeasacompetentlearningcentreproducingprospectiveEngineers.
DEPARTMENTMISSION

DM1 : Provide conceptual and practical education through

effective teaching learningstrategies.

DM2:EstablishadequateInfrastructuralsupportforenhancedlearning.

DM3 : Interact with industry for upgrading professional skills

including smart grid.DM4 :Organise personality development

activities for imbibing life skills andethicalvalues

.
 GEETHANJALIINSTITUTEOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY
PROGRAMOUTCOMES

EngineeringGraduateswillbeable to:

PO1. Engineering Knowledge :Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.

PO2. Problem Analysis: Identify, formulate,review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using firstprinciples
ofmathematics,naturalsciences,andengineering sciences.

PO3.Design/developmentofsolutions:Designsolutions forcomplexengineering
problemsanddesignsystemcomponentsorprocessesthatmeetthe specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural,
societal,andenvironmentalconsiderations.

PO4. Conduct investigationsofcomplex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research

methods including design of experiments, analysis and
interpretationofdata,andsynthesisoftheinformationtoprovidevalidconclusions.

PO5. Modern toolusage: Create, select, andapplyappropriate techniques, resources, and modern
engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to
complexengineeringactivitieswithanunderstandingofthelimitations.

PO6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge toassess
societal,health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the
professional engineering practice. PO7. Environment and sustainability: Understand theimpact
oftheprofessional engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate
the knowledgeof,andneedforsustainabledevelopment.
 PO8. Ethics: Applyethical principles and committoprofessional ethics and
responsibilitiesandnorms ofthe engineeringpractice.

PO9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a

memberorleaderindiverse teams,andinmultidisciplinarysettings.

PO10. Communication: Communicate effectivelyoncomplex engineering activities with the

engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective
presentations,andgiveandreceive clearinstructions.

PO11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledgeand understanding of the

engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinaryenvironments.

PO12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technologicalchange.

PROGRAMMESPECIFICOUTCOMES:

PSO1. Professional skills: Apply the concepts of Electrical power systems, Control
systems,andPowerElectronics&Drivestosolveengineeringproblems.

PSO2.SoftwareApplications:Design,analyseand developsolutions forpower

sectorapplications incorporatingMATLAB/SciLAB.
PROGRAMMEEDUCATIONALOBJECTIVES:

PEO1 Analyse and solve real world Electrical and Electronics Engineering problems by
applyingmodernengineeringconcepts.

PEO2 Pursueprofessionalcareeror research.

PEO3 Demonstrate Excellence in multi-disciplinary teams through effective

interpersonal skillsand ethical behaviour.

PEO4 Engage in continuous learning and adapt to the ever-evolving requirements of

profession & society.
 CONTENTS:

s.no HEADINGS

1 ABSTRACT

2 INTRODUCTION

3 IMPLEMENTATION

4 COMPONENTSREQUIRED

5 SPECIFICATIONOFCOMPONENTS

6 CONCLUSION

7 REFERENCE

1.ABSTRACT
ThispaperrepresentsourminithirdyearprojectinwhichcrosswalkisaThe Internet of
Things (IOT) refers to a system of interrelated, internet-connected objects that are
able to collect and transfer data over a wireless network. It used to be controlled by
websites and smartphones applications remotely, also, to control tools and
instruments by codes and algorithms structures for artificial intelligence issues. In
case we want to create advanced systems using different algorithms, Wi-fi or
ethernet connection is connected to our tools, equipment, and devices controlling
them by smartphone applications or internet websites. A smart home to operate
lamps or other home-use devices, it can be used as a security system, for example,
to open or close the main building gate, to operate full automatic industrial
machine, or even to control internet and communication ports using IOT
technology. A huge industrial facilities or governmental institutions have much of
lamps. Employees sometimes forgot to turn them off in the end of the day. This
research suggests a solution that can save energy by letting the security to control
lighting of the building with his smart home by Blynk application. The lamps can
be controlled by switches distributed in the building and Blynk application at the
same time with a certain electrical installation. This research presents a simple
prototype of smart home, or the easy way and low cost to control loads by Wi-fi
connection generally.
2.INTRODUCTION

Hereintroducethepaper,Aloadcontrolledbycomputersystemshasmanya
dvantagescomparedwith manual controlled loads. Nowadays there
aremany programs and applications help to controlthings better using
codes or python algorithms
inartificialintelligenceprojects.Inordertosaveenergyandmakeloadsmo
nitoredeasily,thisresearch suggests smart home project based on
IoTtechnology.ThissmarthomeisanInternetofThings(IoT)projectthatc
ontrolsloadswithinternetconnectionviaWirelessFidelityWIFIconnecti
on. A smart phone connected to
internetwithBlynkapplicationasacontrolpanel,andNodeMCUmicrocon
trollerkitin otherside as acontroller that receives control commands via
WIFIsignal. NodeMCU kit is built with ESP8266
WIFIreceiverthatabletoprocessandanalyzeWIFIsignaltoinputthemicro
controller.TheWIFIreceiver and microcontroller are built in one kit
tobeusedasIoTproject.It‟scalledNodeMCU.To connect the system to
the Internet, needs a
WiFireceiver.InmycaseIusedESP8266thatisconnectedasbuilt-
inintheNodeMCUboardthat contains a firmware runs with the
ESP8266. Thefirmwareisalow-levelcontrolcomputersoftware.
3.IMPLEMENTATION

ThehomeautomationcircuitisbuiltaroundESP8266,BlynkAndroidAp
p,anda4-
channelrelayboard.Thehardwaresetupshouldbeaccordingtothecircuit
diagram.ACmainsappliances(Bulbs) will be connected to relays
whichare controlled by the ESP8266.Once Arduino IDEis installed
on the computer, connect the boardwith the computer using the
USB cable. Now openthe Arduino IDE and choose the correct
board byselectingTools>Boards>NodeMCU1.0(ESP-12EModule),
and choose the correct Port by selectingTools>Port. To get it started
with the NodeMCUboard and blink the built-in LED, load the
examplecodebyselectingFiles>Examples>Basics>Blink.Once the
example code is loaded into your
IDE,clickonthe„upload‟buttongivenonthetopbar. Once the upload is
finished, you should see thebuilt-
inLEDoftheboardblinking.UserhastoinstallandconfiguretheBlynkAp
paspertheabove instructions.NodeMCU to 4- Channel
RelayBoardConnect D0 pin of NodeMCU to D1 pin of 4-Channel
Relay board,Connect D1 pin of NodeMCUto D2 pin of 4- Channel
Relay board,Connect D2pinofNodeMCUtoD3pinof4-
ChannelRelayboard,Connect D3 pin of NodeMCU to D4 pin of 4-
Channel Relay board,Connect 3.3V of NodeMCU toVcc pin of 4-
Channel Relay board,Connect GNDpin of NodeMCU to GNDpin
of 4- Channel Relayboard.Weareincluding ESP8266WiFi
librarywhich provides ESP8266 specific WiFi routines
andwearecallingittoconnecttothenetwork.BlynkSimpleEsp8266libra
ryestablishesthecommunicationbetweenBlynkAppandESP8266.
4.COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
 NodeMCU

 Temperature and Humidity Module DHT11

 Arduino Board

5.SPECIFICATIONOFCOMPONENTS-

5.1 ESP-12E Wi-Fi Module (esp8266)

ESP-12E Wi-Fi module is developed by Ai-thinker Team. core processor

ESP8266 in smaller sizes of the module encapsulates Tensilica L106 integrates
industry-leading ultra low power 32-bit MCU micro, with the 16-bit short mode,
Clock speed support 80 MHz, 160 MHz, supports the RTOS, integrated Wi-Fi
MAC/BB/RF/PA/LNA, on-board antenna. The module supports standard
IEEE802.11 b/g/n agreement, complete TCP/IP protocol stack. Users can use the
add modules to an existing device networking, or building a separate network
controller. ESP8266 is high integration wireless SOCs, designed for space and
power constrained mobile platform designers. It provides unsurpassed ability to
embed Wi-Fi capabilities within other systems, or to function as a standalone
application, with the lowest cost, and minimal space requirement.

ESP8266EX offers a complete and self-contained Wi-Fi networking solution;

it can be used to host the application or to offload Wi-Fi networking functions
from another application processor. When ESP8266EX hosts the application, it
boots up directly from an external flash.

ESP8266EX is among the most integrated Wi-Fi chip in the industry; it

integrates the antenna switches, RF balun, power amplifier, low noise receive
amplifier, filters, power management modules, it requires minimal external
circuitry, and the entire solution, including front-end module, is designed to
occupy minimal PCB area.

Figure: ESP8266-12E

The ESP8266 has seen a wide adoption as a cost-effective solution for IOT and

Wi-Fi-capable devices. The ESP8266 was developed by Shangai-based Espressif
systems, as a Serial (UART) to Wi-Fi SoC (System on a Chip) based around
a TensilicaXtensa LX3DPU. This tiny IC includes an RF front end, RAM, and
(usually) an onboard TCP/IP stack that allows it ready to connect to a nearby
Access Point, to act as an Access Point itself, or both.

.
Features:

• 802.11 b/g/n

• Integrated low power 32-bit MCU

•Integrated 10-bit ADC

• Integrated TCP/IP protocol stack

• Integrated TR switch, balun, LNA, power amplifier and matching network

• Integrated PLL, regulators, and power management units

• Supports antenna diversity

• Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz, support WPA/WPA2

• Support STA/AP/STA+AP operation modes

• Support Smart Link Function for both Android and IOS devices

• Support Smart Link Function for both Android and iOS devices

• SDIO 2.0, (H) SPI, UART, I2C, I2S, IRDA, PWM, GPIO

• STBC, 1x1 MIMO, 2x1 MIMO

• A-MPDU & A-MSDU aggregation and 0.4s guard interval Shenzhen Anxinke
Technology

• Deep sleep power < 5uA

• Wake up and transmit packets in < 2ms

• Standby power consumption of < 1.0mW (DTIM3)

• +20dBm output power in 802.11b mode • Operating temperature range -40C ~

125C
Applications:

 Smart power plugs

 Home automation
 Mesh network
 Industrial wireless control
 Baby monitors
 IP Cameras
 Sensor networks
 Wi-Fi location-aware devices
 Security ID tags
 Wi-Fi position system beacons

ESP-12E Pin
design:
Pin Descriptions:

NO. Pin Name Function

1 RST Reset the module

2 ADC A/D Conversion result. Input voltage range 0-

1v,scope:0-1024

3 EN Chip enable pin. Active high

4 IO16 GPIO16; can be used to wake up the chipset from

 deep sleep mode.

5 IO14 GPIO14; HSPI_CLK

6 IO12 GPIO12; HSPI_MISO

7 IO13 GPIO13; HSPI_MOSI; UART0_CTS

8 VCC 3.3V power supply (VDD)

9 CS0 Chip selection

10 MISO Salve output Main input

11 IO9 GPIO9

12 IO10 GBIO10

13 MOSI Main output slave input

14 SCLK Clock

15 GND GND

16 IO15 GPIO15; MTDO; HSPICS; UART0_RTS

17 IO2 GPIO2; UART1_TXD

18 IO0 GPIO0

19 IO4 GPIO4

20 IO5 GPIO5

21 RXD UART0_RXD; GPIO3

22 TXD UART0_TXD; GPIO1

Table: Pin mode

Mode GPIO15 GPIO0 GPIO2

 UART Low Low High

Flash Boot Low High High

Table: Dimension of ESP-12E Wi-Fi Module

Length Width Height PAD Pin Pitch

Size(Bottom)

16 mm 24mm 3 mm 0.9 mm x 1.7 2mm

mm

Functional Descriptions:

MCU:

ESP8266EX is embedded with Tensilica L106 32-bit micro controller (MCU),

which features extra low power consumption and 16-bit RSIC. The CPU clock
speed is 80MHz. It can also reach a maximum value of 160MHz. ESP8266EX is
often integrated with external sensors and other specific devices through its GPIOs;
codes for such applications are provided in examples in the SDK.

Memory Organization:

Internal SRAM and ROM:

ESP8266EX Wi-Fi SOC is embedded with memory controller, including SRAM
and ROM. MCU can visit the memory units through iBus, dBus, and AHB
interfaces. All memory units can be visited upon request, while a memory arbiter
will decide the running sequence according to the time when these requests are
received by the processor. According to our current version of SDK provided,
SRAM space that is available to users is assigned as below:

▪ RAM size < 36kB, that is to say, when ESP8266EX is working under the station
mode and is connected to the router, programmable space accessible to user in
heap and data section is around 36kB.)

▪ There is no programmable ROM in the SOC, therefore, user program must be

stored in an external SPI flash.

External SPI Flash:

This module is mounted with an 4 MB external SPI flash to store user programs. If
larger definable storage space is required, a SPI flash with larger memory size is
preferred. Theoretically speaking, up to 16 MB memory capacity can be supported.
5.2 Temperature and Humidity Module DHT11

Introduction:

DHT11 digital temperature and humidity sensor is a calibrated digital signal output
of the temperature and humidity combined sensor. It uses a dedicated digital
modules capture technology and the temperature and humidity sensor technology
to ensure that products with high reliability and excellent long-term stability.
Sensor includes a resistive element and a sense of wet NTC temperature
measurement devices and with a high-performance 8-bit microcontroller
connected.

DHT11 output calibrated digital signal. It utilizes exclusive digital-signal-

collecting-technique and humidity sensing technology, assuring its reliability and
stability. Its sensing elements are connected with 8-bit single-chip computer. Every
sensor of this model is temperature compensated and calibrated in accurate
calibration chamber and the calibration-coefficient is saved in OTP memory. Small
size & low consumption & long transmission distance (20m) enable DHT11 to be
suited in all kinds of harsh application occasions. Single-row packaged with four
pins, making the connection very convenient.
Technical Specification:

MODEL DHT11

Power supply 3-5.5V DC

Output signal digital signal via single-bus

Sensing element Polymer resistor

Measuring range humidity 20-90%RH; temperature 0-50

Celsius

Accuracy humidity +-4%RH (Max +-5%RH);

temperature +-2.0Celsius

Resolution or sensitivity humidity 1%RH; temperature

0.1Celsius

Repeatability humidity +-1%RH; temperature +-

 1Celsius

Humidity hysteresis +-1%RH

Long-term Stability +-0.5%RH/year

Sensing period Average: 2s

Interchangeability fully interchangeable

Dimensions size 12*15.5*5.5mm

Dimensions: (unit----mm):
 Front view Back view Side view

Applications:

HVAC, dehumidifiers, testing and inspection equipment, consumer goods,

automotive, automation, data loggers, weather stations, home appliances, humidity
regulator, medical and other relevant humidity measurement and control.

Typical circuit:
5.3 Arduino IDE

Introduction:

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and

software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a
button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor,
turning on an LED, publishing something online. You can tell your board what to
do by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do so
you use the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino
Software (IDE), based on Processing.
Over the years Arduino has been the brain of thousands of projects, from everyday
objects to complex scientific instruments. A worldwide community of makers -
students, hobbyists, artists, programmers, and professionals - has gathered around
this open-source platform, their contributions have added up to an incredible
amount of accessible knowledge that can be of great help to novices and experts
alike.

Arduino was born at the Ivrea Interaction Design Institute as an easy tool for fast
prototyping, aimed at students without a background in electronics and
programming. As soon as it reached a wider community, the Arduino board started
changing to adapt to new needs and challenges, differentiating its offer from
simple 8-bit boards to products for IoT applications, wearable, 3D printing, and
embedded environments. All Arduino boards are completely open-source,
empowering users to build them independently and eventually adapt them to their
particular needs. The software, too, is open-source, and it is growing through the
contributions of users worldwide.

Hardware Specifications:

 Microcontroller: ATmega328
 Operating Voltage: 5V
 Input Voltage (recommended):7-12V
 Input Voltage (limits): 6- 20V
 Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
 Analog Input Pins: 6 • DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA
 DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA
 Flash Memory: 32 KB (ATmega328)
  SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328)
 EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328)
 Clock Speed: 16 MHz

Arduino board Description:

We will learn about the different components on the Arduino board. We will study
the Arduino UNO board because it is the most popular board in the Arduino board
family. In addition, it is the best board to get started with electronics and coding.
Some boards look a bit different from the one given below, but most Arduino’s
have majority of these components in common.

1. Power USB:
Arduino board can be powered by using the USB cable from your computer. All
you need to do is connect the USB cable to the USB connection (1).

2. Power (Barrel Jack):

Arduino boards can be powered directly from the AC mains power supply by
connecting it to the Barrel Jack (2).

3. Voltage Regulator:

The function of the voltage regulator is to control the voltage given to the Arduino
board and stabilize the DC voltages used by the processor and other elements.

4. Crystal Oscillator:

The crystal oscillator helps Arduino in dealing with time issues. How does Arduino
calculate time? The answer is, by using the crystal oscillator. The number printed
on top of the Arduino crystal is 16.000H9H. It tells us that the frequency is
16,000,000 Hertz or 16 MHz

5, 17. Arduino Reset:

You can reset your Arduino board, i.e., start your program from the beginning.
You can reset the UNO board in two ways. First, by using the reset button (17) on
the board. Second, you can connect an external reset button to the Arduino pin
labeled RESET (5).

6, 7, 8, 9. Pins (3.3, 5, GND, Vin):

 3.3V (6): Supply 3.3 output volt

 5V (7): Supply 5 output volt

 Most of the components used with Arduino board works fine with 3.3 volt and 5
volt.

 GND (8)(Ground): There are several GND pins on the Arduino, any of which can
be used to ground your circuit.

 Vin (9): This pin also can be used to power the Arduino board from an external
power source, like AC mains power supply.

10. Analog pins:

The Arduino UNO board has five analog input pins A0 through A5. These pins can
read the signal from an analog sensor like the humidity sensor or temperature
sensor and convert it into a digital value that can be read by the microprocessor.

11. Main microcontroller:

Each Arduino board has its own microcontroller (11). You can assume it as the
brain of your board. The main IC (integrated circuit) on the Arduino is slightly
different from board to board. The microcontrollers are usually of the ATMEL
Company. You must know what IC your board has before loading up a new
program from the Arduino IDE. This information is available on the top of the IC.
For more details about the IC construction and functions, you can refer to the data
sheet.

12.ICSP pin: Mostly, ICSP (12) is an AVR, a tiny programming header for the
Arduino consisting of MOSI, MISO, SCK, RESET, VCC, and GND. It is often
referred to as an SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), which could be considered as an
"expansion" of the output. Actually, you are slaving the output device to the master
of the SPI bus.
13. Power LED indicator:

This LED should light up when you plug your Arduino into a power source to
indicate that your board is powered up correctly. If this light does not turn on, then
there is something wrong with the connection.

14. TX and RX LEDs:

On your board, you will find two labels: TX (transmit) and RX (receive). They
appear in two places on the Arduino UNO board. First, at the digital pins 0 and 1,
to indicate the pins responsible for serial communication. Second, the TX and RX
led (13). The TX led flashes with different speed while sending the serial data. The
speed of flashing depends on the baud rate used by the board. RX flashes during
the receiving process.

15. Digital I / O:

The Arduino UNO board has 14 digital I/O pins (15) (of which 6 provide PWM
(Pulse Width Modulation) output. These pins can be configured to work as input
digital pins to read logic values (0 or 1) or as digital output pins to drive different
modules like LEDs, relays, etc. The pins labeled “~” can be used to generate
PWM.

16. AREF:

AREF stands for Analog Reference. It is sometimes, used to set an external

reference voltage (between 0 and 5 Volts) as the upper limit for the analog input
pins.
 Blynk Cloud

Introduction:

Blynk was designed for the Internet of Things. It can control hardware remotely, it
can display sensor data, it can store data, visualize it and do many other cool
things.
Blynk is a platform with iOS and Android apps to control Arduino, Raspberry Pi
and the likes over the Internet. It's a digital dashboard where you can build a
graphic interface for your project by simply dragging and dropping widgets. It's
really simple to set everything up and you'll start tinkering in less than 5 mins.
Blynk is not tied to some specific board or shield. Instead, it's supporting hardware
of your choice. Whether your Arduino or Raspberry Pi is linked to the Internet
over Wi-Fi, Ethernet or this new ESP8266 chip, Blynk will get you online and
ready for the Internet Of Your Things.
 Fig: Blynk app Overview

There are three major components in the platform:

 Blynk App - allows to you create amazing interfaces for your projects using
various widgets we provide.
 Blynk Server - responsible for all the communications between the Smartphone
and hardware. You can use our Blynk Cloud or run your private Blynk
server locally. Its open-source, could easily handle thousands of devices and can
even be launched on a Raspberry Pi.
 Blynk Libraries - for all the popular hardware platforms - enable
communication with the server and process all the incoming and out coming
commands.
Blynk was designed for the Internet of Things. It can control hardware remotely, it
can display sensor data, it can store data, visualize it and do many other cool
things.
There are three major components in the platform:

 Blynk App - allows to you create amazing interfaces for your projects using
various widgets we provide.
 Blynk Server - responsible for all the communications between the Smartphone
and hardware. You can use our Blynk Cloud or run your private Blynk
server locally. It’s open-source, could easily handle thousands of devices and
can even be launched on a Raspberry Pi.
 Blynk Libraries - for all the popular hardware platforms - enable
communication with the server and process all the incoming and out coming
commands.

Now imagine: every time you press a Button in the Blynk app, the message travels
to the Blynk Cloud, where it magically finds its way to your hardware. It works the
same in the opposite direction and everything happens in a blynk of an eye.
Features:

 Similar API & UI for all supported hardware & devices

 Connection to the cloud using:
 Wifi
 Bluetooth and BLE
 Ethernet
 USB (Serial)
 GSM
 Set of easy-to-use Widgets
 Direct pin manipulation with no code writing
  Easy to integrate and add new functionality using virtual pins
 History data monitoring via History Graph widget
 Device-to-Device communication using Bridge Widget
 Sending emails, tweets, push notifications, etc.
 … new features are constantly added!

Characteristics of Blynk are:

Similar API & UI for all supported hardware & devices Connection to the cloud
can be done using Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, BLE and USB (Serial) Set of easy-
to-use Widgets Direct pin manipulation with no code writing Easy to integrate and
add new functionality using virtual pins History data monitoring via History Graph
widget Device-to-Device communication using Bridge Widget Sending emails,
tweets, push notifications, etc.

6.CONCLUSION
Inourplannedmodelahighproportionofaccuracyhasbeenachievedthroughi
mplementation.Thismethodiscapableofdominatingthehouseappliancessu
pportedtheuser‟sdesiredmode.Allthemodesworkwith
sensibleaccuracythatwasfoundthroughoutimplementation.Userssolelyou
ghttochoosemodesfromtheirsmartphonesandoursystemcandotheremaind
erofcontrollingtheappliances.Thisplannedprojectisextremelyreliable.The
reforeitisaforesaidthatthissystemhashigheraccuracywithnicepotency.This
systemhasimmenseopportunitiestoupgradewithinthefuture.Asmentioned
earlierthisisoftentheprimary generation of home automation. It mightbe
upgraded to the second generation by
storingandanalyzingknowledgeonthecloudservers.Then victimization
machine learning algorithms,we have a tendency to even ought not to
selectmodes from smartphones. Rather it'd be ready
toswitchmodeswithitsowncomputerscience.
7.REFERENCES

[1] Vinay sagar K N and Kusuma S M, “Home

automationusingInternetofThings,”inInternationalResearchJour
nal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume:02 Issue: 03
| June-2015, e-ISSN: 2395-0056, p-ISSN:2395-0072
[2] ShruthiRaghavanandGirmaS.Tewolde,“Cloudbasedlow-
costhomemonitoringandautomationsystem,”inProceedingsofthe20
15ASEENorthCentralSectionConference2015,AmericanSocietyfor
EngineeringEducation
[3] Pavithra.DandRanjithBalakrishnan,“IoTbasedmonitoring and
control system for home automation,”
inProceedingsof2015GlobalConferenceonCommunicationTechnol
ogies(GCCT2015)
[4] SarthakJain,AnantVaibhav,andLovelyGoyal,“RaspberryPi based
interactive home automation systemthroughe-
mail,”in2014InternationalConferenceonReliability,Optimizationan
dInformationTechnologyICROIT2014,India,Feb6-82014Mamata
Khatu, Neethu Kaimal, Pratik Jadhav, and
SyedaliAdnanRizvi,“ImplementationofInternetofThingsforhome
automation,” in International Journal of EmergingEngineering
Research and Technology Volume 3, Issue 2,February2015,PP7-
11p-ISSN2349-4395&e-ISSN
2349-4409

[5] NarenderMandVijayalakshmiM,“RaspberryPibasedadvancedsche
duledhomeautomationsystemthroughE-
mail,”in2014IEEEInternationalConferenceonComputationalIntell
 igenceandComputingResearch
[6] PoojaPatel,MiteshPatel,VishwaPanchal,andVinitNirmal, “Home
automation using Internet of Things,” inImperial Journal of
InterdisciplinaryResearch(IJIR)Vol-2,
Issue-5,2016ISSN:2454-1362