CORRECTIONAL CORPORAL PUNISHMENT – the

infliction of physical pain as a

ADMINISTRATION form of punishment.
DETAINEE – person who is
(INSTITUTIONAL confined in prison pending
preliminary investigation, trial
CORRECTION) or appeal; or upon legal process
By: Mr. Lorenzo Ramirez, RCrim issued by the competent
authority. A person accused
TERMINOLOGIES; before a court or competent
authority who is temporarily
CARPETA – refers to the
confined in jail while
institutional record of an
undergoing investigation,
inmate which consist of his
awaiting final judgment.
mittimus/commitment order,
the prosecutor’s information and DETERRENCE – a crime-control
the decision of the trial court, strategy that uses punishment to
including the appellate court, prevent others from committing
if any. similar crimes.
COMMITMENT – the entrusting for DEATH CONVICT – refers to an
confinement of an inmate to a inmate death penalty/sentence
jail by competent authority for imposed by the Regional Trial
investigation, trial and/or Court is affirmed by the Supreme
service of sentence. Court.
CORRECTIONS – is that branch of DIVERSIFICATION – administrative
administration of criminal device of correctional
justice charged with institutions of providing varied
responsibility for the custody, and flexible types of physical
supervision, and rehabilitation, plants for more effective
of the convicted offender. The control of treatment programs of
combination of public and its diversified population.
private services with legal
authority to provide for the DIVERSION – establishment of
care, custody and control of alternatives to formal justice
those accused convicted of a system such as deferred
criminal or status offense. The prosecution, resolution of
program, services, and citizen’s dispute, and treatment
institutions responsible for alternative to street crimes.
those individuals who are DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION – a crime
accused or convicted of criminal strategy that focuses on keeping
offenses. the offenders in the community
CLASSIFICATION – refers to the rather than placing them in
assigning or grouping of inmates long-term institution.
according to their sentence, ESCAPE – an act of getting out
gender, age, nationality, unlawfully from confinement or
health, criminal records, etc. A custody by an inmate.
method by which diagnosis,
treatment, planning and INSTRUMENT OF RESTRAINT – a
execution of treatment programs device, contrivance, tool, or
are coordinated to an instrument used to hold back,
individual. The process of keep in, check, or control an
assigning inmates to types of inmate; e.g. hand cuffs, leg
custody or treatment programs irons
appropriate to their needs.
INMATE – (as defined in Bureau
COMMITMENT ORDER – a written of Corrections Operating Manual)
order of the court or any other refers to a national prisoner or
competent authority consigning one sentenced by the court to
an offender to a jail or prison serve a maximum term of
for confinement. imprisonment of more than three
(3) years or to a fine of more
CONTRABAND – any article, item, than one thousand pesos (P1,
or thing prohibited by law 000.00); or regardless of the
and/or forbidden by jail rules. length of the sentence imposed
by the court, to one sentenced
for violation of the Customs Law

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or other laws within the signature of the judge,
jurisdiction of the Bureau of directing the jail or prison
Customs or enforceable by it, or authorities to receive inmates
violation of immigration and for custody or service of
election laws; or to one sentence imposed therein.
sentenced to serve two (2) or
more prison sentences in the PENANCE – an ecclesiastical
punishment inflicted by an
aggregate exceeding the period
ecclesiastical court for some
of three (3) years, whether or spiritual offense.
not he has appealed. It shall PENAL SERVITUDE – a punishment,
include a person committed to which consist of keeping an
the Bureau by a court or offender in confinement and
competent authority for compelling him to labor.
safekeeping or similar purpose.
Unless otherwise indicated, PENALTY – is the suffering that
“inmate” shall also refer to a is inflicted by the state for
“detainee.” the transgression of the law.
PENITENTIARY – a prison,
JAIL – a place of confinement correctional institution, or
for inmates under investigation, other place of confinement where
awaiting or undergoing trial or convicted felons are sent to
serving sentence. Is a building serve out the term of their
or place of confinement of sentence.
arrested or sentenced persons.
It is usually made up of cells PENOLOGY – a branch of
which are made up of small rooms criminology, which deals with
or enclosures where prisoners management and administration of
are actually kept or confined inmates. The science of prison
(People vs. Caricaban, 13672-CR, management and rehabilitation of
Sept. 9, 1965) criminals (Black’s Law
Dictionary)
Jail Aide – is an inmate who
requires less supervision than PRISON – a public building or
other inmates. Although he/she other place for the confinement
may be assigned special tasks, of person, whether as a
he/she has no special punishment imposed by the law or
privileges, and is not allowed otherwise in the course of the
to work alone nor exercise any administration of justice (as
defined in the Bureau of
authority over other inmates.
Corrections Operating Manual) it
Jail Incident - any untoward or also refers to a penal
uncommon actions, events, or establishment under the control
conditions such as jail break, of the Bureau of Corrections and
riot, noise barrage, stabbing or shall include the New Bilibid
assault upon personnel that Prison, the Correctional
occurs in jail and perpetrated Institution for Women, Leyte
by any person, which may or may Regional Prison, and the Davao,
not have followed or depended San Ramon, Sablayan, and Iwahig
upon another action of grave or Prison and Penal Farms.
serious consequences such as
PRISON RECORD – refers to
escape, injury, death, fire,
information containing an
flood, earthquake, or other
inmate’s personal circumstances,
calamity which affects the jail.
the offense he committed, the
Jailbreak - the escape from jail sentence imposed, the criminal
by more than two (2) inmates by case numbers in the trial
the use of force, threat, appellate courts, the date he
violence or deceit or by commenced service of his
breaching security barriers such sentence, the date he was
as by scaling the perimeter received for confinement, the
fence, by tunneling and/or by place of confinement, the date
other similar means or by of expiration of his sentence,
burning or destructing of the the number of previous
facility or a portion of the conviction, if any, and his
facility with or without the aid behavior and conduct while in
of jail officer or any other prison.
person.
PRISONER – an inmate who is
MITTIMUS – a warrant issued by a convicted by final judgment and
court bearing its seal and the classified as insular,

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provincial, city, or municipal COED INSTITUTION – or co-
prisoner. correctional institution which
hold both male and female
PUNISHMENT – infliction of some offenders who interact and share
sort of pain on the offender for the facility except for sleeping
violating the law. areas. They study, eat, dance,
REHABILITATION – a program of work and engage in leisure
activity directed to restore an activities within one campus.
inmate’s self-respect thereby STATUS OFFENSE – behavior or
making him a law-abiding citizen conduct that is an offense only
after serving his sentence. To when committed by juvenile.
change an offender’s character,
attitude or behavior patterns to BLUE-FLU – the practice of
diminish his or her criminal uniformed personnel of taking
propensities. sick leave EN MASSE to back-up
their demands for improved
SAFEKEEPING – the temporary working conditions, salary
custody of a person for his own increments, and other items on
protection, safety, or care; their agenda.
and/or his security from harm,
injury or danger for the CONVICT BOGEY – society
liability he has committed. exaggerated fear of the convict
and ex-convict which is usually
DETERMINATE SENTENCE – a fixed far out of proportion to the
period of incarceration imposed real danger they present.
on the offender by the court.
FURLOUGH – authorization that
INDETERMINATE SENTENCE – sets permits inmate to leave
minimum and maximum period of containment, for emergency
incarceration. family crises, usually
PRESUMPTIVE SENTENCING – an accompanied by correctional
alternative to limit sentencing officer. Crises include “death
disparity which sets minimum bed”.
average and maximum terms WEEK-END CONFINEMENT – offenders
allowing the judge to select a can retain current employment
term based on the and permit sentences to be
characteristics of the offender served during weekends.
and aggravating circumstances.
IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES IN THE
SENTENCING DISPARITY – HISTORY OF CORRECTIONS
divergence in the type and
length of sentence imposed for WILLIAM PENN – founder of
the same crime with no evidence Pennsylvania and leader of the
reason for the difference. English Quakers. Before he
conceived the idea of
SELECTIVE INCAPACITATION – the Pennsylvania, he became the
doctrine of isolating the leading defender of religious
offender or causing social toleration of England. He was
disablement proposed adopting a imprisoned six times for
policy of incarcerating those speaking out courageously. While
whose criminal behavior is so in prison, he wrote one pamphlet
damaging or probable that short after another which gave quakers
of isolation will prevent literature and attacked
recidivism. intolerance. In 1682, he
legislated the Quaker’s “Great
SHOCK PROBATION (1865, Ohio) – a Law” – a more or quite humane
deterrence-based sentence to law compared with harsh colonial
prison, designed to give the codes in force at the time as a
offender a taste of punishment for serious crime. In
incarceration in the belief that 1718, one day after his death,
this will deter future criminal Quaker code gave way to English
Anglican Code, a harsher code.
activity.
PRISONIZATION – process by which POPE CLEMENT XI – in 1704 he
an inmate learns through built Hospice of San Michelle –
socialization; the rules and a reformatory fro delinquent
regulation of the penitentiary boys used to this date. He
placed an inscription over the
culture.
door. It is insufficient to
restrain the wicked by

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punishment them virtuous by biblical rule “if any man will
corrective discipline. not work, neither let him eat”.
JOHN HOWARD (1726-1790) –
CHARLES LOUIS de SECONDAT, BARON shocked by the condition he
DELA BREDE ET DE MONTESQUIEU found in hulks. He pressed for
(1689-1755) – he inherited the legislation to alleviate and
seat in the Parliament of improve said conditions in 1773.
Bordeaux, France, and was active In 1777 by his work State of
in politics and writing for most Prisons, Parliament passed the
of his life. By far, his most Penitentiary Act providing 4
influential work is “On the principles for reform: (1)
Spirit of the Laws – 1748”, secure a sanitary structure (2)
which presented his analysis the systematic inspection (3)
nature believed that harsh abolition of fees (4) a
punishment would undermine reformatory regime. He pioneered
morality and that appealing to the concept of penitentiary and
moral sentiment was better means devoted his life and fortune to
of preventing crime. He was prison reform while serving as
credited to have introduced the Sheriff of Bedfordshire.
idea of “separation of powers” MANUEL MONTESIMOS – Director of
in the government to the Prisons in Valencia Spain in
following executive, for the 1835. He divided prisoners into
enforcement of laws; legislative companies and appointed
for the making of laws, and the prisoners as petty in charge;
interpretation and scrutiny of allowed reduction of the
laws. inmate’s sentence by 1/3 for
good behavior; offered trade to
FRANCOIS MARIE AROUET (pen name prepare the convicts for return
VOLTAIRE) 1694-1778 – a French to society.
author and philosopher who DOMETS OF FRANCE – in 1839, he
believed that fear of shame is a established an agricultural
deterrent to crime. He was born colony for delinquent boys,
on November 21, 1694 in Paris, providing house fathers-in-
whose wit, intelligence and keen charge. He concentrated on re-
sense of justice made him one of education. Upon their discharge,
France’s greatest writers and the boys were placed under the
philosophers. He was however an supervision of a patron.
ardent critic of church, as CAPTAIN ALEXANDER MACONOCHIE
such, Voltaire was denied burial (1840) – Superintendent of a
church ground. penal colony in Norfolk Island
(known as “Hellhole” – for those
CESARE BONESANA MARCHESE DI who were twice condemned.
BECCARIA (1738-1794) – founder Maconochie replaced flat
of the Classical School of sentencing with “Mark System”,
Criminology. As a Milanese (a progressive humane system to
lawyer, published short treaties substitute for corporal
“On Crimes and Punishments” at punishment, wherein prisoners
the age of 26. It was the most were required to earn number of
exciting essay on law of the 18 th marks based on proper
century. department, labor and study in
JEREMY BENTHAM – devised the order to entitle him to a
Panopticon Inspection House. “ticket of leave” or conditional
 UTILITARIANISM – a release – a precursor of parole.
principle introduced by He also introduced other
Jeremy Bentham claiming progressive measures such as
that individuals put every fair disciplinary traits,
situation into an equation building of churches,
to determine the pleasure distributing books and
from the commission of a permitting prisoners to tend
crime and pain that will small gardens.
sustain be as a JOHN AUGUSTUS (1785-1859) – The
consequence. Law should be Father of Probation”
used to inflict enough pain On 1841, the Boston shoemaker
to offenders for them to started his voluntary service by
cease from committing bailing out drunkards who could
crime. not pay fines and requesting
courts for temporary suspension
JEAN JACQUES VILAIN – in 1773, or postponement of sentence for
he built the Maison de Foce those whom he judged were ready
(stronghouse). He is one of the to quit alcohol afterwards he
first who developed the system would report to the court
of classification of inmates. He regarding the progress of the
defined discipline by the offenders under his supervision.

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He bailed out almost 2, 000 men, considered as the best reform
women and children and out of institution for young offenders.
the 1, 100, only one forfeited a
bond.
ORIGIN OF THE WORD PRISON
SIR WALTER CROFTON of Ireland –  the word prison was derived
on 1854, he was the director of from the Greco-Roman word
Irish Prison who introduced PRESIDIO
IRISH SYSTEM which was later  PRE means BEFORE and SIDIO
called PROGRESSIVE STAGE SYSTEM means INSIDE. It is synonymous
actually a modification of to a fenced-cave or dungeon.
Maconochie’s Mark System.
Progressive Stage System ORIGIN OF THE WORD JAIL
 it is said to have been
• The first stage of the Irish
derived from the Spanish word
system was solitary JAULO which means a CAGE.
confinement for nine months at
 Etymologist attributed that it
a certain prison. The originated from the Spanish
prisoners at this stage were word meaning a place of
given reduced diet and allowed confinement.
monotonous work.  It is also said to have been
derived from the French word
• The second stage was an
GAOL pronounced as “geole”, a
assignment to the public works place for the arrested
at Spike Island. The prisoner criminals.
worked his promotion through a
series of grades.
JAIL AND PRISON DISTINGUISHED
• In the third stage the (Philippine Setting)
prisoner was sent to Lurk or
 In general, both are places
Smithfield which was a sort of for confinement.
preparation for release. Here,
 As to sentence imposed
the prisoner worked without o Jail – for convicted
custodial supervision and was offenders sentenced to
exposed to ordinary imprisonment of three
temptations of freedom. years or less.
ZEBULONS REED BROCKWAY (1827- o Prison – for convicted
1920) – along with Enoch C. offenders sentenced to
Wines and Franklin Benjamin imprisonment of more
Sanborn (composed the big 3’s of than three years to
penology in 1870). Brockway death.
introduced new institutional
programs for boys 16 to 23 of  As to government agency
age, adopting Maconochie’s and concerned
Croftonic system. o Jail – administered by
 ELMIRA REFORMATORY – is the local government
considered the forerunner which has jurisdiction,
of modern penology because under the Bureau of Jail
it had all the elements of Management and Penology,
a modern correctional under the Department of
system; school the Interior and Local
type/compulsory education; Government.
casework method; extensive o Prison – administered by
use of parole based on the the national government,
indeterminate sentence.
specifically by the
This introduced a grading
system to prisoners, (1) Bureau of Corrections,
new prisoners are 2nd grade under the Department of
(2) 1st grade after six Justice.
months of good behavior (3)
Provincial jails are under the
another six months –
supervision and control of
qualified for parole. In
case of misconduct, demoted Provincial governments and
to 3rd grade. headed by a Provincial Jail
Warden. Although the Local
Government Units, which include
SIR EVELYN RUGGLES BRISE – in the provincial government, are
1897, after visiting Elmira, he under the supervision of the
opened borstal institution based Department of Interior and Local
entirely on the individual Government, the provincial jails
treatment. Today, it is operate independently and

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autonomously from the Bureau of Muntinlupa property with that of
Jail Management and Penology. the Bureau of Prison lot, the
Muntinlupa property was intended
“The Memorandum-Circular dated as a site for Boys Training
March 7, 1994 issued by the School, but because it was too
Secretary for Peace and Order of far, the City preferred the site
the Department of Interior and of the Old Bilibid Prison, the
Local Government regarding the present site of Manila City
Manual of Operations for Jail.
Provincial Jails are basically NEW BILIBID PRISON, Muntinlupa
like the correctional procedures City (Approximately 552
and practices of the BJMP.” hectares) – this is where the
Bureau of Corrections Central
DIFFERENT TYPES OF JAIL Office. Within the complex are
 LOCK-UP – is a security the three (3) security camps
facility for the temporary administered by a Penal
detention of persons held for Superintendent and assisted by
investigation or awaiting as Asst. Superintendent in each
preliminary hearing. Camp. The thee (3) security
 ORDINARY – houses both camps are:
offenders awaiting court  MAXIMUM SECURITY COMPOUND is
action and those serving short for prisoners whose sentences
sentences usually up to three are 20 years and above, life
(3) years. termers or those under capital
 WORK HOUSE, JAIL FARM OR CAMP punishment, those with pending
HOUSES – detains minimum cases, those under
custody prisoners with disciplinary punishment, those
constructive work programs. whose cases are on appeal,
those under detention, and
Classification of Prisoners those that do not fall under
medium and minimum security
 Insular Prisoner - one who is status.(TANGERINE)
sentenced to a prison term of
three (3) years and one (1)  MEDIUM SECURITY COMPOUND (also
day to reclusion perpetua or known as Camp Sampaguita) is
life imprisonment and those for prisoners whose sentences
who sentenced for violation of are below 20 years of its
Custom, Election and maximum, 18 years of age and
Immigration law; below, those who have 2 or
more record of escape and earn
 Provincial Prisoner - one who 8 years from recommitment,
is sentenced to a prison term those who has 1 record of
of six (6) months and one (1) escape earn 5 years from
day to three (3) years; recommitment and those life
 City Prisoner - one who is termer who has 5 years in
sentenced to a prison term of maximum.(BLUE)
one (1) day to three (3)  MINIMUM SECURITY COMPOUND
years; (also referred to as Camp
 Municipal Prisoner - one who Bukang Liwayway) is an open
is sentenced to a prison term camp with less restrictions
of one (1) day to six (6) and regimentation. This is for
months. (Sec. 17 BJMP prisoners who are 65 years old
Comprehensive Operations and above, medically certified
Manual Revised 2015) as invalids, those who serve ½
of their minimum and 1/3 of
PHILIPPINE PRISON their maximum excluding GCTA
SYSTEM and for those prisoners who
have six months or less to
OLD BILIBID PRISON – the main serve before, they are
insular penitentiary during the released from prison. (BROWN)
Spanish regime. This was
constructed in 1847 and was The San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm
— In 1869, the authorities saw the
formally inaugurated in 1865 by
need of establishing one prison
virtue of the Royal Decree of separate from Bilibid for those who
the Spanish Crown. This is fought the established government.
located at the then famous “May So, San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm
Haligue Estate” at nearby in the southern tip of Zamboanga
Central Market. This was were established for the confinement
constructed in radical spokes- of political offenders. The San
of-a-wheel form with a tower in Ramon Prison was named after its
the center spoke for easy founder, Ramon Blanco, a Spanish
command and control. In 1936, captain in the Royal Army. The
purpose of this prison was for the
the City of Manila exchanged its
segregation of political

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recalcitrant who advocated for Settlement. The Settlement is a
reforms. The San Ramon Prison and 1,000-hectare portion of the
Penal Farm have an area of 1,524.6 colony which was subdivided into
hectares. It houses maximum, medium
and minimum custody types of 6-hectares homestead lots. These
prisoners. Prisoners who are lots are distributed to released
directly committed by the court to inmates who desires to live in
this prison are later sent to the the settlement.
Reception and Diagnostic Center in
the Central Office for study and One important feature of the
diagnosis. San Ramon has an average Iwahig Penal Colony is the
population of 1,200 prisoners. The privilege granted to colonists
principal product of the San Ramon to have their families
Prison is copra, which is one of transported to the colony at
the biggest sources of income of
the Bureau of Prisons. It also
government expense and to live
raises rice, torn, coffee, cattle with them in the colonists’
and livestock. village. The institution
maintains various community
The Iwahig Penal Colony — On resources such as schools,
November 16, 1904, Foreman R.J. church, recreation center, post
Shields, with sixteen prisoners exchange, hospital and clinics
left the Bilibid Prison by order for the colonists and their
families. The colonists who have
of Governor Forbes who was then
their families with them are
Secretary of Commerce and
assigned a piece of land to
Police, to establish the Iwahig cultivate and are encouraged to
Colony in Palawan. The idea was raise poultry and livestock for
hatched on the suggestion of their personal use. Their
then Governor Luke E. Wright who products are sold by the Colony
envisioned it to be an Post Exchange. The principal
institution for incorrigibles. products of the Iwahig Penal
The first contingent, however, Colony are rice, corn, copra,
revolted against the logs, minor forest products and
authorities. They hogtied their cattle.
Superintendent, Mr. Madaras, and
could have killed him were it The Correctional Institution for
not for the timely succor of the Women — In 1931, the
Philippine Scouts stationed in Correctional Institution for
Puerto Princesa. When the Women was established on an 18-
Philippine Commission, by virtue hectare piece of land in
of Reorganization Act - created Mandaluyong, Rizal, by authority
the Bureau of Prisons on of Act 3579 which was passed on
November 1, 1905 the auth s November 27, 1929. Prior to the
changed the policy regarding establishment of this
Iwahig, sending incorrigibles, institution, female prisoners
inmates who were well- behaved were confined in one of the
and declared tractable were wings of Bilibid Prisons. Later
assigned to this colony. Today, the position for a female
the Iwahig Penal Colony enjoys superintendent was created in
the reputation of being one of 1934. Today, the Correctional
the best open institutions in Institution for Women is an
the world. Only mutual trust and institution under the Bureau of
confidence between the wards and Prison, managed by the female
the prison authorities keep them personnel, except the perimeter
together there being no walls guard who are male.

At present, the Iwahig Penal The Correctional Institution for

Colony is a minimum custody or Women is the only penal
open institution. It has an area institution for women in the
of 36,000 hectares and an Philippines; It has an average
average population of 4,000 inmate population of 180. The
prisoners. The colony is divided institution conducts vocational
into four sub-colonies, namely: courses in dressmaking, beauty
Sta. Lucia sub-colony, lnagawan culture, handicrafts, cloth
sub-Colony, Montible sub-colony weaving and slipper making.
and Central sub-colony. Each The Davao Penal Colony — The
sub-colony operates as a small Davao Penal Colony was
institution under the management established on January 21, 932,
of a penal supervisor. in accordance with Act No. 3732
The Iwahig Penal Colony and Proclamation No. 414, series
administers the Tagumpay of 1931. The first contingent of

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piners that opened the colony September 27, 1954, the
was led by General Paulino President of the Philippines
Santos its founder and the then issued Proclamation No. 72
Director of Prisons. The area setting aside 16,000 hectares of
consists of 18,000 hectares the virgin lands in- Sablayan,
mostly devoted to abaca. Occidental Mindoro for the
Sablayan Penal Colony. The first
In 1942, the Davao Penal (‘as trail blazers were the
used as a concentration camp for experienced colony
American prisoners of war. The administrators from Iwahig Penal
former inmates were all Colony headed by the Assistant
transferred to the Inagawan sub- Superintendent of that colony,
colony in iw1uring the war, the Mr. Candido Bagaoisan. Today,
Japanese devastated the colony, Sablayan Penal Colony enjoys the
destroying its buildings, reputation of being the youngest
machineries and industries. In and fastest growing colony under
August 1946, the colony was re- the Bureau.
established to its former
productive activity by slow This institution is an open or
reconstruction. This institution minimum-security type of
is now the main source of income institution. It has an area of
of the Bureau from its vast 16,408.5 hectares and has an
abaca, banana, rice and other average prison population of
farm industries. 1,500. Rice is the principal
product of the colony. This
At present, the Davao Penal institution is self-sufficient
Colony is a combination of in rice. It also -raises
medium and minimum custody type vegetables, not only for the use
of institution. The greater of the colony, but also for the
portion of the prison population inmates of the New Bilibid
are medium security inmates who Prison. This prison facility is
live in a stockade enclosed with having a 4 sub colonies, the
wires. The-prisoners work in the Central Sub-Colony; Pasugui Sub
open fields under escort guards. -Colony; Siburan Sub-Colony; San
The Davao Penal Colony manages Isidro Sub-Colony.
the biggest abaca plantation in
the whole country. The colony is RECEPTION AND DIAGNOSTICE
divided into two sub-colonies, CENTER
namely, the Panabo Sub-Colony This is a special unit in prison
and the Kapalong sub-colony. where a new prisoner will
Each sub-colony is headed by a undergo diagnostic examination,
Penal Supervisor. The Davao study and make observation for
Penal Colony also raises rice, the purpose of determining the
corn kenaf, copra, and cattle. programs of treatment and
It has a potential of producing training best suited to their
rice which will meet the needs needs and the institution to
of the whole inmate population which they should be
of the Bureau. The colony is transferred. (60 days)
engaged in a joint venture with (Administrative Order no. 8,
series of 1953 of the Department
Tagum Development Company in a
of Justice)
3000-hectare banana plantation
for the export of banana fruits
not only to Japan but also to The Staff and Their Functions:
the Middle East countries The Psychiatrist — The
particularly Saudi Arabia and psychiatrist examines the
Egypt. The colony also operates prisoner and prepares an
the Tanglaw Settlement where abstract of his findings. The
released prisoners of said abstract includes a brief
colony are relocated as statement of the mental and
homesteaders. emotional make-up of the
individual with particular
The Sablayan-Penal Colony and reference to abnormalities of
Farm — In 1954, the increase in the nervous system and the
prison population was such that presence of psychoses,
there was congestion again in psychopaties, neurotic
the New Bilibid Prison. The New tendencies, paranoid trends and
Bilibid Prison which could hold other special abnormalities. The
only 3,000 had a population of psychiatrist makes a recommend -
6,000 prisoners in 1954. On - with regard to custody and

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transfer and calls attention to in religious worship. The
any special condition which Chaplain’s abstract states the
limit or indicate special type religious affiliation of the
of work, educational training, prisoner and gives his opinion
recreation or disciplinary as to the significance of the
treatment. inmate’s religious attitudes in
The Psychologist — The determining his conduct. The
psychologist interviews the man Chaplain makes recommendations
and administers tests. The regarding further religious
psychological abstract presents training.
a statement of the Medical Officer — A complete
psychologist’s findings about physical examination is given
the mental level, general and each inmate at which time his
special abilities, interests and medical history is obtained. The
skills of the prisoner. The examination covers the major
outstanding factors contributing organs of the body, such as the
to the maladjustment of the lungs and the heart, and
individual are pointed out. A includes tests of the blood and
prognosis for institutional and sense organs. The doctor
parole adjustment based on the correlates the patient’s
inmate’s attitudes, previous health history with
characteristics and present findings in the medical
peculiarities is included. In history and physical
this abstract, the psychologist examination, plus recommendation
makes his recommendation for medical treatment.
regarding custody, transfer and Custodial-Correctional Officer —
general education and further The Chief of the correctional
study and treatment of the man. unit prepares the custodial
Sociologist — The prisoner is officer’s abstract which
interviewed by the sociologist. includes all significant
Additional information is observations made by the
obtained through correspondence correctional officers of the
with the prisoner’s friends, inmate’s behavior and
relatives; and social agencies. interactions to various
The objective facts of the situations in the dormitory,
personal history of the inmate place of recreation, work
are recorded in the social assignments, etc. The report
abstract, which also includes an includes the custodial.
analysis and interpretation of Officer’s recommendations on
the individual’s social transfer and type of custody of
situation and relationships. the prisoner.
Education Officer or Counselor —
The prisoner is interviewed by Classification
the educational officer in order The process of assigning of
to determine his educational grouping of inmate according to
strengths and weaknesses and to their sentence, gender, age,
recommend suitable educational health, criminal records and
program for him. He conducts other pertinent facts.
orientation classes in general  Diagnosis – inmates case
education in order to change the history is taken, and his
inmate’s attitudes toward personality is studied
education. He gives counsel to  Treatment Planning –
inmates found wanting in formulation of tentative
educational needs. He prepares a treatment program best suited
report of every inmate on to the needs of the person.
general education as part of the
 Execution of treatment program
case summary of the inmate.
– actual application of the
Vocational Counselor -- The
treatment program
vocational counselor, by
interview, obtains a record of  Re-classification – process of
the man’s former employment and monitoring the response the
tests the man to determine his response of the prisoner to
general and special abilities, the treatment program and
interests and skills. The conduct of review to the
results comprise the vocational previous finding as compared
abstract and recommendations are to new information currently
set forth regarding the types of available.
vocational training which should
be made available to the inmate Classification Board
during his incarceration. (PRISON)
The Chaplain — The inmate is Chairman Penal Superintendent
interviewed by the Chaplain and Vice Chairman Chief RDC
he is encouraged to participate Members Medical officer,

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 Chief Education bringing the inmate/the
Section, Chief committing officer to determine
Agricultural his/her identity and authority.
Industries Section Chairperson Assistant Warder
Secretary Chief Overseer Member Chief,
Custodial/Security
Inmate Classification and Office
Counseling Unit Members Medical Officer/Public
Health Officer
In jails where it is available,
Member Jail Chaplain
newly inmate will be temporarily
housed at ICCU. The inmate shall Member Inmates Welfare and
stay at the ICCU for a minimum Development Officer
period of thirty (30) days but Also, he or she reviews the
not exceeding sixty (60) days or completeness of the following
until the completion of the documents before the person
classification process. bringing an inmate/the
committing officer can enter the
facility. The documents
Classification Board mentioned earlier refer to the:
(JAIL)  Commitment Order;
 Medical Certificate – recent
The Classification Board is medical certificate taken
tasked to conduct background within 24 hours prior to
investigation of inmates to admission;
determine the cell assignment, Complaint/Information;
the appropriate rehabilitative  Police Booking Sheet; and
program, the type of supervision  Certificate of Detention from
and degree of custody and PNP and/or NBI.
restrictions applicable to the Records Unit – This unit
inmate/s. examines the completeness and
authenticity of the requirements
Admission Procedure for Commitment (Commitment
(Prison) Order, Booking Sheet, Arrest
Receiving – the new prisoner is Report and Information) before
received at the RDC. The new it refers the inmate for
prisoner usually comes from a physical examination by the
provincial or city jail where he Health Unit.
was immediately committed upon Health Unit – Checks the
conviction by the court, and authenticity of the entries in
escorted by the escort platoon the medical certificate;
during his transfer to the conducts thorough physical
National Prison examination of the inmate to
Checking of Commitment Papers – determine his or her true
The receiving officer checks the physical condition; and asks
commitment papers if they are in searching questions to determine
order. That is, if they contain injury/injuries found to have
the signature of the judge or been sustained by the inmate
the clerk of court, and the seal after the conduct of medical
of the said court. examination or those injuries
Identification – the prisoner’s not diagnosed prior to
identity is established thru the commitment in jail. Inmate is
picture and fingerprint required to undress while
appearing in the commitment undergoing medical examination.
order. This is to ensure that A female inmate shall be
the person being committed is examined by female health
the same as the person being personnel. A male inmate may be
named in the commitment order. examined by either male or
Searching - this step involves female health personnel;
the frisking of the prisoner and  In case of any discrepancy
searching his personal things. found during physical
Briefing and Orientation – the examination but same
prisoner will be briefed and discrepancy is not indicated
oriented on the rules and in the medical certificate,
regulations of the prison before the committing officer shall
he will be assigned to the RDC be required to secure another
or the quarantine unit. medical certificate of the
inmate. The commitment of an
Admission Procedure inmate shall be held in
abeyance pending the
(Jail) submission of a new medical
Gater - He or she checks the certificate with findings
credentials of the person congruent to the medical

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 findings of the jail other personal properties from
physician/nurse. The reason the inmate, lists them down on a
for the deferment of receipt form with duplicate,
commitment shall be recorded duly signed by him/her and
in the jail blotter. In case countersigned by the inmate. The
the committing officer fails original receipt should be given
to return the inmate to jail to the inmate and the duplicate
within twenty-four (24) hours, be kept by the Property
the reasons for the deferment Custodian. Keeps all cash and
of commitment and the grounds other valuables of the inmate in
thereof shall be reported a safety vault. Said cash and
immediately to the court that valuables may be turned over to
issued the commitment order; any person authorized by the
 In the absence of a jail inmate. Refers the inmate to the
nurse/medical personnel, the desk officer.
receiving officer shall refer Desk Officer - books the newly
the person to be committed to committed inmate in the jail
the nearest government health blotter; assigns the inmate to a
facility for medical reception area, if any, where
evaluation (check the medical he/she shall be scheduled for
certificate and observe the orientation on jail rules and
mental alertness, physical regulation, and shall undergo
abnormalities and the overall risk assessment and
appearance of the inmates); classification, evaluation and
and conduct of further medical
 If no discrepancy is found evaluation/screening by the
during physical examination, Medical Officer.
the inmate shall be referred (Risk Assessment - A risk
to the Records Unit. assessment tool shall be
Records Unit -Receives the utilized to determine the level
inmate and the documents from of violence/risk the inmate
the committing officer and poses, either external or
conducts the following: internal. This will help in the
proper classification and
 Start the booking procedures:
segregation of inmates and in
 Accomplish the jail booking
the design of specific
sheet;
development plans)
 Strip-search the inmate to Assistant Warden or Officer of
check for any birth marks, the Day - Orients the newly
tattoos, etc; committed inmates on jail rules
 Encode the inmate's and regulations using the
information to the NIMS; Inmate’s Orientation Sheet.
 Fingerprint and photograph Jail Warden - Coordinates with
the inmate with mug shot concerned agencies regarding the
background; and case of inmate for speedy
 List the names of the disposition and to furnish them
visitors authorized by the with copies of the available
inmate. needed documents. The jail
 Apprise the inmate in a warden shall see to it that all
dialect that he/she concerned agencies and persons
understands of the provisions will be informed of the
of Art 29 of the RPC which was commitment of the inmate in
further amended by R.A. 10592; his/her jail by submitting a
 Facilitate the signing of the written report.
Detainee’s Manifestation if
he/she agrees to abide by the Disciplinary Board (BJMP)
same disciplinary rules For the purpose of hearing
imposed upon convicted disciplinary cases involving any
inmates. Otherwise, the warden inmate who violates jail rules
issues a certification under and regulations.
oath manifesting that the Duties and Function of
inmate was apprised of the Disciplinary Board - Tasked to
provision of Art 29 of the RPC investigate the facts of an
as amended and refused to alleged misconduct referred to
abide by the same; and it. It shall hold sessions as
 Store all documents in the often as necessary in a room,
Inmate’s Carpeta which may be provided for the
Property Custodian – Checks the purpose. All cases referred to
inmate’s belongings for presence it shall be heard and decided
of contraband. Discovery of any within forty-eight (48) hours
contraband shall be treated in from the date of receipt of the
accordance with existing case.
policies. Takes all cash and Chairperson Assistant Warder

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Member Chief,  Whether the inmate is found
Custodial/Security guilty or not, he/she should
Officer be advised to obey the rules
Member Medical and regulations strictly and
officer/Public be reminded that good behavior
Health Officer is indispensable for his/her
Member Jail Chaplain early release and/or the
Member Inmates Welfare and granting of privileges; and
Development Officer  Decisions of the Board are
Member Inmate subject to review and approval
Representative by the warden whose decision
should be final and executory.
Procedure
 The aggrieved inmate or any Disciplinary
person (visitor, inmate or Action/Measures for PDL;
personnel) reports the For Detainees:
violation to the Desk Officer;  Admonition or verbal
 The desk officer shall reprimand;
immediately submit a written  Restitution or reparation;
report to the warden and the  Temporary or permanent
latter shall direct the cancellation of all or some
Investigation Unit to conduct recreational privileges;
an investigation within  Reduction of visiting time;
twenty-four (24) hours upon  Close confinement in a cell
receipt of the directive. The for a period not exceeding
Investigation Unit shall seven (7) days in any calendar
submit to the Warden their month, provided that this
report together with their disciplinary action shall be
recommendations; imposed only in the case of an
 The warden shall evaluate the incorrigible inmate, and when
report and if he/she believes other disciplinary measures
that there is no sufficient had been proven ineffective;
evidence to support the and
alleged violation, he/she  Transfer to another BJMP jail
shall dismiss the case. If in the area, in coordination
he/she believes that with the Court.
sufficient evidence exists, For Prisoners:
he/she shall decide the case  Admonition or verbal
and impose the necessary reprimand;
penalty in case of minor  Restitution or reparation;
violations. If the offense is  Additional job
less grave or grave, he/she functions/community service
shall endorse it to the within the jail premises;
disciplinary board for hearing
 Temporary or permanent
or decide it himself/herself
cancellation of some or all
as a in his or her capacity as
recreational privileges;
summary disciplinary officer
 Reduction of visiting time;
in the absence of a
disciplinary board;  Close confinement in a cell
for a period not exceeding
 The inmate shall be confronted
seven (7) days in any calendar
of the reported violation and
month, provided that this
asked how he/she pleads to the
disciplinary action shall be
charge. If he/she admits the
imposed only in the case of an
violation or pleads guilty,
incorrigible inmate, and when
the Board or the Warden, as
other disciplinary measures
the case may be, shall impose
had been proven ineffective;
the corresponding authorized
 Transfer to another BJMP jail
disciplinary action;
in the area, in coordination
 If the inmate denies the with the Court.
charge, a summary hearing  Suspension of visiting
shall be held giving the privileges for a period not
opportunity for both parties exceeding one (1) month,
to present their testimonies provided that this sanction
and those of their witnesses, shall not apply to the lawyer,
if any, and to present physician or religious
evidence to shed light on the minister serving the needs of
case; the prisoner.
 After the hearing, the board  Permanent cancellation of
shall decide with the merits visiting privileges with
of the case as bases; respect to persons not
included in the definition of

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 immediate family under RA imprisonment, he shall be
7438, provided that this allowed a deduction of fifteen
sanction shall not apply to (15) days for each month of
the lawyer, physician or good behavior.
religious minister serving the
needs of the prisoner. Computation of GCTA – Calendar
 In addition to the above- months and years are considered
mentioned punishment, the reference to sentences and time
disciplinary board may served, while thirty (30) days
recommend to the warden constitute a month in computing
partial or full forfeiture of GCTA credits.
good conduct time allowance
(GCTA) to be earned for a GCTA of a detainee – A detainee
particular month and shall only be granted GCTA if he
subsequent months depending voluntarily offers in writing to
upon the gravity of the perform such labor as may be
offense. assigned to him. In such case,
the credit he may receive shall
BOARD OF DISCIPLINE be deducted from sentence as may
(BUCOR) be imposed upon him if he is
• Director shall establish in convicted.
each prison to hear cases
involving an inmate who GCTA of a life termer – An
violates prison rules. It inmate sentenced to life
shall be presided by over by imprisonment shall not be
the Assistant Superintendent. granted GCTA while his sentence
Decided by at least or not is on appeal.
exceed (5) working days.
• Confinement in disciplinary Revocation of GCTA – GCTA once
cells is from 1 to 2 months. granted shall not be revoked
without just cause.
TIME ALLOWANCE FOR GOOD Restoration of GCTA – The GCTA
CONDUCT AND LOYALTY which an inmate is deprived of
because of misconduct may be
Article 97 of the Revised Penal restored at the discretion of
Code; the Director upon the
Who may grant Good Conduct Time recommendation of the
Allowance (GCTA) – The Director Superintendent.
may grant a GCTA to an inmate Special time allowance for
who displays good behavior and loyalty – A deduction of one-
who has no record of breach of fifth (1/5) of the period of his
discipline or violation of sentence shall be granted to an
prison rules and regulations. inmate who, after evading the
Effects of GCTA – The Good service  of his sentence on the
conduct or behavior of an inmate occasion of a disorder resulting
shall entitle him to the from a conflagration,
following deduction from the earthquake, explosion, or
period of his sentence: similar catastrophe, or during a
mutiny on which he has not
 During the first two (2) years participated, gives himself up
of his imprisonment, he shall voluntarily to the authorities
be allowed a deduction of five within forty-eight (48) hours
(5) days for each month of following the issuance of a
good behavior; proclamation announcing the
 During the third to fifth year passing away of such a calamity.
years, inclusive, of his
imprisonment, he shall be A deduction of two-fifth (2/5)
allowed a deduction of eight of the period of his sentence
(8) days for each month of shall be granted in case said
good behavior; prisoner chose to stay in the
 During the following years place of his confinement
until the tenth year, notwithstanding the existence of
inclusive, of his a calamity or catastrophe
imprisonment, he shall be enumerated in Article 158 of
allowed a deduction of ten this Code.
(10) days for each month of
good behavior; and “This article shall apply to any
 During the eleventh and prisoner whether undergoing
successive years of his

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preventive imprisonment or Preventive Imprisonment –
serving sentence” (RA 10592) Offenders or accused who have
undergone preventive
Q. What will be the effect if a imprisonment shall be credited
prisoner who escaped from his in the service of their sentence
place of confinement during the consisting of deprivation of
existence of a calamity or liberty, with the full time
catastrophe did not return or during which they have undergone
surrender himself to proper preventive imprisonment if the
authorities? detention prisoner agrees
A. Said prisoner will be held voluntarily in writing to abide
liable in violation of article by the same disciplinary rules
158 of the Revised penal Code. imposed upon convicted
prisoners. Except in the
Article 158. Evasion of service following cases;
of sentence.
 When they are recidivist,
Elements; or have bee convicted
previously twice or more
 Offender is a convict by final
times of any crime; and
judgment
 When upon being summoned
 He is serving his sentence
for the execution of their
which consist of deprivation
sentence they have failed
of liberty
to surrender voluntarily.
 He evades the service of his
sentence by escaping during If detention prisoner does not
the term of his sentence agree to abide by the same
disciplinary rules imposed upon
Forms; convicted prisoners, he shall be
1. By simply leaving or escaping credited in the service of his
from the penal establishment sentence with 4/5 of the time
under Art. 157 during which he has undergone
2. Failure to return within 48 preventive imprisonment.
hours after having left the (Article 29, RPC as amended)
penal establishment because of 2. Convicted Prisoner in any
a calamity, conflagration or penal institution,
mutiny and such calamity, rehabilitation, or detention
conflagration or mutiny has center, or any other local
been announced as already jail.
passed under Art. 158.
3. Violating the condition of As to the number of days given
conditional pardon under as good conduct time allowance;
Article 159.
 During the first two (2) years
Q. If a prisoner is sentenced to of his imprisonment, he shall
destierro, can he be liable for be allowed a deduction of
the crime of evasion of service? twenty (20) days for each
month of good behavior;
A. Yes, because destierro  During the third to fifth year
involves deprivation of liberty, years, inclusive, of his
although partial, as the imprisonment, he shall be
prisoner is deprived of his allowed a deduction of twenty-
liberty to enter a prohibited three (23) days for each month
area. So, if he enters the of good behavior;
prohibited area, he commits  During the following years
evasion of service of sentence until the tenth year,
inclusive, of his
RA 10592 “An act amending imprisonment, he shall be
article 29, 94, 97, 98 and 99 of allowed a deduction of twenty-
Act no. 3815, as amended, five (25) days for each month
otherwise known as the Revised of good behavior; and
Penal Code”  During the eleventh and
successive years of his
As to who may avail; imprisonment, he shall be
allowed a deduction of thirty
1. Offender under preventive
(30) days for each month of
imprisonment, pursuant to
good behavior.
Article 29 of the Revised In addition under RA 10592 in
Penal Code as amended by RA relation to good conduct time
10592 allowance is that at any time

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 during the period of
imprisonment, he shall be
allowed for another deduction of
fifteen days (15 days) for each
month of study, teaching or
mentoring service.
Simplified:
Art. 97 of RA 10592
RPC
1-2 5days/month 20days/month
years
3-5years 8days/month 23days/month
6- 10days/month 25days/month
10years
11years 15days/month 30days/month
and up
Anytime N/A 15days/month of
study, teaching
or mentoring
service.

As to granting authority:
"Article 99. Who grants time
allowances. – Whenever lawfully
justified, the:

• Director of the Bureau of

Corrections.

• Chief of the Bureau of Jail

Management and Penology.

• Warden of a provincial,
district, municipal or city
jail shall grant allowances
for good conduct.

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