PISJ Operating System Computer Science 12

Operating System

Exercise
Question 1: Select the best answer for the following MCQs.

i)In which operating system, same types of jobs are grouped together and executed one by
one?
a) Multiprogramming operating system b) Batch processing operating system
c) Real-time operating system d) Time-sharing operating system
ii)In ____________________operating system CPU is rapidly switched between programs so
that all the programs are executed at the same time.
a) Multiprogramming operating system b) Batch processing operating system
c) Real-time operating system d) Time-sharing operating system
iii)Which operating system runs applications with very precise timing and provides
immediate response to avoid safety hazards?
a) Real-time operating system b) Multitasking operating system

c) Multiprocessing operating system d) distributed operating system

iv)__________________operating system divides a task into many subtasks and processes
them independently using many processors.
a) Real-time operating system b) Distributed operating system
c) Parallel processing operating system d) Multitasking operating system
v)Which operating system is used in home appliances?

a) Time-sharing operating system b) Distributed operating system

c) Parallel processing operating system d) embedded operating system
vi)Which of the following manages allocation of computer resources during program
execution?
a) Memory management b) Process management
c) I/O management d) File management
vii)Which of the following creates user groups and assigns privileges to them?
a) Process management b) I/O management
c) File management d) Network management

ix)In which state, a process is waiting to be assigned to the processor by the operating
system scheduler?

a) New state b) Ready state c) Waiting state d) Running state

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Question 2: Write short answers of the following questions.

Qi)What is purpose of operating system in a computer?
Purpose of an operating system
The purpose of an operating system is to manage computer resources such as memory,
central processing unit ,disk drives and printers as well as all of its software and hardware. It
allows user to communicate with the computer. It provides the services for application
software.
Qii)What is Graphical User Interface (GUI)?
Graphical User Interface (GUI):
Graphical user interface allows user to give commands through icons, menus and buttons. The
user does not have to memorize commands like DOS.Windows provide users with Graphical
user interface which is user friendly.It allows user to communicate with computer through
visual indicators and graphical icons.
Qiii)Mention three advantages of UNIX over operating system.
Advantages of UNIX over windows are:-
1. It provides greater processing power and better security than windows o/s.
2. It is available for large range of computers ranging from microcomputers to mainframe
computers.
3. Computers running UNIX rarely have a malware attack.
Qiv)Differentiate between multi-programming and time sharing operating system?
Multi-programing operating system: It is software that loads one or more programs in main
memory and executes them using a single CPU.The CPU only executes one program at a time
while others are waiting in a queue. In this operating system CPU time and other resources are
used in such a way to improve the performance of the computer system.
Time-sharing operating system: It is software that shares the CPU time between multiple
programs that are loaded in the main memory. It gives a very small time of CPU to each
program one by one.CPU is switched between the programs at extremely fast speed so all the
users get the impression of having their own CPU.
Qv)Why Multi-processing operating systems have been developed?
These operating systems are used to process data at a very high speed. This operating system
executes a single program using many processors. They are used to improve the processing
speed. Computers that supports multiprocessing have sophisticated architect which is very
difficult to design.

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Qvi)Differentiate between single user and multi user operating system?

Single-user operating system Multi-user operating system

1. They allow only one person to 1. They allow many users on different terminals
operate the computer at a time to use the resources of single central system
in a network.
2. Commonly used single operating 2. Some examples of multi-user operating
system is Windows system are:-UNIX,LINUX,windows 2000
onward and Mac OS X.
Qvii)Why memory management is required in a computer?
Memory management is required in a computer system because it controls and manages the
operations of the main memory during the operation of computer. It allocates space to
programs that are loaded in the main memory for execution. It keeps track of freed memory
when a program is closed and updates the memory status.
Qviii)Why protection system is required in a computer?
Protection system ensures that each resource of computer system is used according to the
privileges assigned to the user by system administrator. It creates accounts for each user and
gives privileges to users to prevent misuse of the system. It provides password to all users to
maintain network security.
Qix)What is a thread?
A thread is a basic ordered sequence of instructions within a process that can be executed
independently. The threads are made of and exist within a process. Every process has at least
one thread. Multiple threads can also exist in a process and share resources .A thread is a
subset of a process.
Q10)Differentiate between multi-threading and multi-programming.
Multi-threading Multi-programming
1. The process of executing multiple 1. In multi-programming many programs are
threads at a time is known as multi- loaded into the main memory but the CPU only
threading. executes one program at a time.
2. The main purpose of multi-threading 2. It saves the users time in loading the program
is to provide simultaneous execution to main memory and runs the program quickly.
of two or more parts of a program to
maximize utilize the CPU time
3. EXAMPLE: A user is typing a 3. EXAMPLE: when a user loads program 1 (say
paragraph on MS word. But in MS-Word) and program 2 (say Language
background one more thread is compiler). The CPU is able to execute only one

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running and checking the spelling program i.e. MS-Word or C-language compiler.
mistakes. As soon as user is doing a
typing work the other thread
notifies the user about the spelling
mistakes
Question 3: Write long answers of the following questions.
Qi)Mention tasks performed by the operating system?
Tasks performed by OS:
1) Loads application/system software into main memory and executes it.
2) Controls the operation of main memory and external storage devices.
3) Manages files and folders on storage devices such as hard disk, USB flash drive, etc.
4) Manages the operations of all the input/output devices.
5) Allows multitasking to handle several tasks at the same time such as running
spreadsheet software and a word-processor simultaneously.
6) Performs network operations which enable a number of users to communicate with
each other in a network environment and share computer resources such as CPU, main
memory, hard disk, printer, Internet, etc.
7) Detects hardware failures.
8) Provides security through username and password.

Qii)Compare DOS with windows operating system.

DOS Windows
1. DOS are simple text command 1. Windows is a range of graphical
operating systems that were popular interface operating systems that are
from 1981 to 1995. developed and sold by Microsoft.
2. DOS is a text based interface that 2. Windows operating systems use
requires text and codes to operate. graphics, images and text.
3. Text is used as basic input system. 3. A mouse and a keyboard are
generally used for giving commands.
4. DOS does not provide the feature of 4. Windows provide the feature of
multi-tasking multi-tasking.

Qiii)Describe following types of operating systems.

Real time operating system:
A real-time operating system is software that runs real-time applications that must process
data as soon as it comes and provides immediate response. Real-time operating system
executes special applications within specified time with high reliability. It is commonly used in

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space research programs, real-time traffic control and to control industrial processes such as
oil refining.
Parallel processing operating system:
A parallel processing operating system is software that executes programs developed in a
parallel programming language. It uses many processors at the same time. In a parallel
processing system, the task of a program that requires many calculations is divided into many
smaller tasks and these are processed by multiple processors at the same time. Parallel
processing operating systems are used in supercomputers that have thousands processors.
Embedded operating system:
An embedded operating system is a built-in operating system which is embedded in the
hardware of the device. It controls the operation of devices such as microwave oven, TV,
camera, washing machine, games, etc. It runs automatically when the device is turned on and
performs specific task.
Qiv)Define the following terms.

File management:
File management is the part of operating system that manages files and folders on storage
devices such as hard disk, USB flash drive and DVD. It allows computer user to perform
operations such as creating, copying, moving, renaming, deleting, and searching files and
folders. It also allows the user to perform read, write, open and close operations on files and
folders.
I/O management:
I/O management is the part of operating system that controls all the input/output operations
during program execution. It manages all the input/output operations of input/output and
storage devices. Efficient I/O management improves the performance of computer.
Example: There are three programs A, B and C which are using the printer. Now the OS will
decide which program to use the printer first. A queue will be set by the OS and each program
will get the printer by its turn.
Network management:
Network management is the part of network operating system that monitors and manages the
resources of a network. It allows creating user groups and assigns privileges to them. It shares
the network resources among users and detects and fixes network problems.
Command interpreter:
Command-Interpreter is the part of operating system that provides interface between user
and the computer system. It is a file in operating system that reads and executes user

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commands entered as text through keyboard. For example, Windows operating system uses
the cmd.exe file as command-interpreter.
Qv)Describe the five states of a process with diagram.

States of a process:
1. New State: This is the first state of a process when it is created. Any new operation or
service that is requested by a program for execution by the processor is known as new
state of process.
2. Ready State: A process is said to be in ready state when it is ready for execution but it is
waiting to be assigned to the processor by the operating system.
3. Running State: A process is said to be in running state when it is being executed by the
processor. A process is assigned to a processor for execution by operating system.
4. Blocked State/Waiting State: A process is in blocked or waiting state when it is not
under execution. It is waiting for a resource to become available.
5. Terminated State: A process is in terminated state when it completes its execution.