Crime Scene Processing
Crime Scene Processing
Introduction:
Crime scene processing is very crucial part in the investigation of crime incident
since it is where an investigator establishes the case and where potential evidence can
be recovered that can connect the suspect to the crime. Physical evidence do not lie
and can remain forever. It can stand alone as an evidence that only needs a skilled and
diligent investigator to locate and collect it. Most of the evidence on a crime is found at
the crime scene.
Training Goal:
Training Objective:
1 Definition of Terms:
1. Team Leader
2. Crime Photographer
3. Crime Scene Sketcher
4. Recorder
5. Evidence Collector
6. Evidence Custodian
7. Medico-legal Officer
8. Fingerprint Examiner/Technician
Note: This composition is ideal in major cases but in some cases, this can be
accomplished by trained SOCO personnel or Investigators.
In cases where the crime scene needs special processing due to its significance
or because of its sensational nature, the Scene of the Crime Operation (SOCO)
specialists of the Crime Laboratory shall be requested.
Significant cases:
a. Bombing Incident
b. Initiated terrorist activities
c. Raids, ambuscade, liquidation
d. KFR case
e. Armed Robbery of Banks and other
f. Financial institution
g. Calamity/Disaster
h. Massacre
i. Heinous crimes (as define by law)
j. Murder, Homicide, Arson, Rape with Homicide
Sensational Cases:
Before responding to a crime scene, the SOCO team leader must first have an
idea on what type of crime they are responding too and the present situation at the
crime scene. Determine the readiness of the personnel involve, their individual
equipments and the needs at the crime scene base on the information relayed by the
requesting party.
1. The team leader will coordinate with the Investigator-on-case and if possible
talk to the first responders to have a better evaluation on what happened
before, during and after the incident before the arrival of the SOCO team.
2. Record time/date of arrival at the crime scene, location of the scene, weather
condition, lighting condition in the area, direction of wind and visibility.
3. Check if the crime scene is properly secured and protected, the extent of
coverage. Determine if the crime scene post any safety hazard and/or health
hazard concern to the SOCO team and other investigating unit.
4. The team leader will make a visual survey/ walk through at the crime scene
and make a mental reconstruction of the crime scene as to the original
position of objects prior to the arrival of rescue team and other personnel.
Makes a general assessment and develops a general theory of the crime
scene. Establishes evidence types most likely to be encountered and define
the extend of the search area.
Note: All personnel entering the crime scene must put on surgical gloves,
shoe cover and protective clothing.
5. The team leader must reconfirm the status of the victim in a homicide or
murder case. Only coroner or a medical examiner shall remove the dead
body after the conduct of necessary documentations unless unusual
circumstances justify its immediate removal.
6. The team leader to make general assessment on what evidence that can
possibly be collected, the presence of biological and other perishable
evidence that needs special attention. Be alert for discarded evidence, make
pertinent notes as to possible entry and exit points of the perpetrator.
7. The team leader to determine appropriate place for a SOCO Command Post
that is accessible to the working personnel.
2. The next photograph is a medium view of the entrance and exit at the crime
scene (indoor), the possible entrance and exit used by the suspect. An
overlapping view of the immediate crime scene (for uniformity clockwise), if
possible take a top view photograph of the crime scene. The next round of
photograph on this overlapping view will be taken after putting marker/tags on
the evidence with individual close-up photograph of the physical evidence and
another round after collecting all the physical evidence.
Tree Fence X X X
a. Triangulation Method
An object is located by drawing two straight lines
from two fixed points creating a triangle; the object is
in angle formed by the line. The triangulation method
is useful in an outdoor situation where there are no
easily identified edges of roads or field to use as reference points.
Measurement follows the shape of a triangle.
c. Notes taking
Note taking must be a constant activity throughout the processing of the crime
scene. Prepare a narrative description of the crime scene and take note of everything
that attracted one’s attention. Take down extensive notes to document important
factors. Nothing is insignificant when it catches one’s attention. This should start once
you arrived at the crime scene until the end of the crime scene examination.
1. Things to be included in Notes taking
2. Strip method – In this method, the area is blocked out in the form of a
rectangular. The searcher proceeds slowly at the same place along path
parallel to one side of the rectangle. When a piece of evidence is found,
the finder announces his discovery and the search must stop until the
evidence has been cared for. At the end of the rectangle, the searcher
turns and proceeds along new lanes.
3. Grid or double strip method – this method is a modification of strip search
method. Here, the rectangle is traversed first, parallel to the base, then
parallel to the side.
4. Spiral method – in this method, the searchers follow each other along
the path of a spiral beginning on the outside and spiraling in towards
the center or vice versa.
This is accomplished after the search is completed, the rough sketch finished
and photographs taken. Fragile evidence should be collected as they are found but
mark its location and reflect it on the sketch.
The crime scene should be surveyed and search for the last time after collecting
all the evidence to ensure that no physical evidence is left behind. Different type of
search method as used in the first search can be applied. A debriefing as to the
a. Release the crime scene with the notion that there is only one chance to
perform job correctly and completely.
b. Release is accomplished only after completion of the final search and proper
documentation.
Note: Continuous contact between the investigator and the examiner is much
encourage.
1. The evidence should reach the laboratory in same condition as when it was
found, as much as possible.
2. The quantity of specimen should be adequate. Even with the best equipment
available, good results cannot be obtained from insufficient specimen.
3. Keep each specimen separate from others so there will be no intermingling or
mixing of known and unknown materials. Wrap and seal in individual
packages when necessary.
4. Mark or label each of evidence for positive identification as the evidence
taken from particular location in connection with the crime under investigation.
5. Submit a known or standard specimen for comparison purposes.
6. The chain of custody of evidence must be maintained. Any break in this chain
of custody may make the material inadmissible as evidence in court.
12. Summary
The subject makes the participants more aware on the proper procedure on how
to process a crime scene, the importance of crime scene preservation, handling and
collection of physical evidence. The required knowledge or information that an
investigator should know, how he deals with different types of crime scene and identify
the suspect and bring him before the court of law. The practical exercises with a crime
scene scenario allows the participants have a hands-on how to apply the lesson learn
on the lecture. Critique and open discussion at the end, allows exchange of views and
better understanding about the lesson. Each group will submit report.
I. AUTHORITY
______________________________________
X. DATA OF VICTIM(S) (Use extra sheet if necessary)
XII. INFORMATION GATHERED FROM THE CRIME SCENE UPON ARRIVAL OF THE SOCO
TEAM
a) hanging
b) lying face down face up
c) kneeling
d) sitting
e) others, (specify) ____
a) relative/s ____
b) witness/es ____
than on or about the victim was ____
(date/time)
a) stabbed d) drowned
b) shot e) other (specify) ____
c) strangled
Police line has been installed when the SOCO team arrived
No Police line has been installed when the SOCO team arrived
Crime scene appears disturbed and contaminated by
a) suspect/s
b) victim/s
c) others (specify) _____
a) Investigators
b) patrol officers
c) other (specify) _____
a) chairs
b) tables
c) clothing
d) doors
closed destroyed
open other (specify) ______
e) windows
closed destroyed
open other (specify) ______
f) light/s on off others (specify) ____________
Age: Height:
Complexion: Built:
Sex: Attire:
Other identifying characteristics ___
XVII. INJURIES SUSTAINED BY THE VICTIM/S IF ANY (Use extra sheets if necessary)
VICTIM 1:
VICTIM 2:
XVIII. INJURIES SUSTAINED BY THE SUSPECT/S AND THEIR SPECIFIC LOCATION (Use extra
sheets if necessary)
SUSPECT 1:
SUSPECT 2:
Jealousy Unknown
Revenge Others (specify) ________________________
VICTIM 1: Wounded
Brought to Hospital for treatment
Brought to Funeral Homes for autopsy
(Ranks/Names) Designations:
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________
Date
RE SOCO/CASE REPORT NR:
1. OFFICER-ON–CASE (Rank/Name) :
c. Signature :
2. NATURE OF OFFENSE :
b. Place of Commission/Incident :
b. Team Leader :
c. Signature :
d. Signature :
5. WITNESSES (Name/Address/Signature)
a.
b.
c.
____________________________ ________________________________
Officer-on -Case SOCO Team Leader
Figure 3
Republic of the Philippines
Department of the Interior and Local Government
National Police Commission
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
____________________________
____________________
_____________________
Date
FRAME SHUTTER
APERTURE SUBJECT LIGHTING REMARKS
NR SPEED
TIME BESTARTED:
PHOTOGRAPHER: TIME ENDED:
INCIDENT: WHEATHER CONDITION:
OFFICER ON CASE: LIGHTNING CONDITION:
REQUESTING PARTY: DISPOSITION:
PLACE OF INIDENT:
Figure 4
Republic of the Philippines
Department of the Interior and Local Government
National Police Commission
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
____________________________
ROUGH SKETCH
Figure 5
Republic of the Philippines
Department of the Interior and Local Government
National Police Commission
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
____________________________
____________________
FINISH SKETCH
Figure 6
Republic of the Philippines
Department of the Interior and Local Government
National Police Commission
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
____________________________
____________________
TITLE BLOCK
Nature of Case:
Requesting Party:
Victim/s:
Officer on Case:
Date & Time Sketched:
Place of Incident:
Weather Condition:
Sketched by:
Witnesses: 1.
2.
Remarks:
Figure 7
Republic of the Philippines
Department of the Interior and Local Government
National Police Commission
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
____________________________
TITLE BLOCK
Nature of Case:
Requesting Party:
Victim/s:
Officer on Case:
Date & Time Sketched:
Place of Incident:
Weather Condition:
Sketched by:
Witnesses: 1.
2.
Remarks:
N
Floor Plan Sketch
TITLE BLOCK
Nature of Case:
Requesting Party:
Victim/s:
Officer on Case:
Date & Time Sketched:
Place of Incident:
Weather Condition:
Sketched by:
Witnesses: 1.
2.
Remarks:
Figure 8
Republic of the Philippines
Department of the Interior and Local Government
National Police Commission
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
____________________________
____________________
Figure 9
Republic of the Philippines
Department of the Interior and Local Government
National Police Commission
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
____________________________
____________________
Elevation Sketch
TITLE BLOCK
Nature of Case:
Requesting Party:
Victim/s:
Officer on Case:
Date & Time Sketched:
Place of Incident:
Weather Condition:
Sketched by:
Witnesses: 1.
2.
Remarks:
Figure 10
Republic of the Philippines
Department of the Interior and Local Government
National Police Commission
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
________________________
___________________
___________________
Date
SOCO/CASE REPORT NR:
REASON/S TO BE AT REMARKS
NAME DATE / TIME
CRIME SCENE (ADDRESS)
Figure 11
Republic of the Philippines
Department of the Interior and Local Government
National Police Commission
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
_______________________________
________________________
___________________
Date
SOCO/CASE REPORT NR: ____
EVIDENCE LOG
DESCRIPTION
SIGNA-
OF TIME SPECIFIC
QTY COLLECTED BY REMARK/S TURE OF
SPECIMEN COLLECTED PLACE
SEARCHER
COLLECTED
Figure 12
Republic of the Philippines
Department of the Interior and Local Government
National Police Commission
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
_______________________
___________________
a. __________________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________________
c. __________________________________________________________
d. __________________________________________________________
e. __________________________________________________________
f. __________________________________________________________
g. __________________________________________________________
h. __________________________________________________________
i. __________________________________________________________
________________________________ _____________________________
Investigator-on-Case Evidence Custodian
WITNESSES:
_________________________________ ____________________________
_________________________________ ____________________________
Figure 13
Republic of the Philippines
Department of the Interior and Local Government
National Police Commission
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
_________________________________
__________________________
DATE :
1. Reference/s:
3. In connection with the above reference, submitted are the following evidence
collected from the crime scene for appropriate laboratory examination:
a. _____________________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________________