Republic of the Philippines

Province of Samar
SAMAR COLLEGES, INC.
Mabini Avenue, Catbalogan City
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

BEEDMC 404: TEACHING SOCIAL

STUDIES IN ELEMENTARY GRADE
(CULTURE & GEOGRAPHY)
(ONLINE & MODULAR INSTRUCTION)

FINALS
Prepared by:
KENNETH LEE LAMOSTE
College Instructor, Social Science
A.Y. 2020 – 2021

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BEEDMC404: TEACHING SOC. STUD. IN ELEM. GRADE (CULTURE & GEOGRAPHY)

MODULE XI: FILIPINO BELIEFS SYSTEM AND CULTURAL

PRACTICES
Prepared by: Kenneth Lee Lamoste
College Instructor, College of Education
Samar Colleges, Inc.
I. Introduction:
Just like any other race, the Filipinos have also a belief system, cultural pattern and
practices. The folk beliefs, others call them “superstitious beliefs” from the people’s values
system and culture.
In this module, you will be familiarized and indulged with the distinct Filipino beliefs,
practices, proverbs, riddles, and the likes.

II. Learning Objectives:

Upon the completion of this module, you must be able to:
• Identify distinct Filipino beliefs, practices, proverbs, riddles, and the likes;
• Discuss a particular Filipino beliefs or practices in a comparative analysis approach

III. Discussion:
Famous Greek philosopher, Cicero, derived the term superstition from supertiosi – literally
referring to those who are “left over” or shall we say – the “survivors”, the descendants. Thus,
superstition can be interpreted as standing over a thing in amazement or in a state of awe. True
enough because we are left hanging on to realm of immateriality of the phenomena which may
or may not happen. That is why tulad ng sinasabi – wala namang mawawala kung sundin natin
o bigyan galang ang nagsasabi. This makes our rich cultural values survive and making
ourselves peculiar among others. If we lost them, what would we have and how could we
present ourselves being a people with great and noble past.
May mga katangian ang isang grupo na siyang nagtatakda sa isang komunidad. Lahat ay
nagbabago at binabago ng panahon, ng kasaysayan, subalit, ang panahon, ang kasaysayan ang
siya ring nagbibigay – anyo sa isang bayan.
The folk beliefs in Tagalog are paniniwala and superstitions are pamahiin while the
proverbs are the kasabihan ng mga matatanda and the riddles are the bugtong – bugtong.
The rich cultural heritage that we have makes our lives wonderful, exciting and colorful.
This is our identity. This is our identity. This is our pride and this is also our contribution in
the human history and development. There can be no other people who will be proud of our
identity, customs and practices but us!

FILIIPINO BUILDING BELIEFS
1. Choice in Lot.
Old Cebuanos forbid building houses near caves in order not to annoy the spirits who dwell
there. The old folks also caution us not to build over the site of newly cut tree to avoid bad
luck.
Younger siblings are forewarned to build their houses between the residences of their
brothers and sisters to prevent family quarrels among them. The old folks Batangas obligate
siblings not to build on a lot in front of their parents’.

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 In a compound, the parents’ house should be nearest street. The children’s houses are built
behind – towards the interior of the lot. Neither should their houses be at the eastern portion of
the lot which is also reserved for their parents to build on.
A folk belief also warns future homeowners from purchasing lots that were former
pathways. Former cemeteries are areas also forbidden to build on. They say houses built on
lots like these may make a family member susceptible to sickness.
Avoid doors facing each other. The people in the north have this simple but quite morbid
explanation: it is quite easy for a coffin to be carried to two doors that directly face each other.
It makes one shudder just to think of it.

2. Building a House
Batangas builder avoid commencing from the first to the fifteenths of the of the month.
These are the days when the moon is about to be come full towards the end of the month –
from the fifteenth to the thirsty – first, which they say, are days of abundance.
Monday, being the first day of the week is considered a lucky day and it would be the most
convenient for accounting the workmen’s salaries. Most Tagalogs prefer not to start
construction on Tuesday or Fridays. Thursdays are also considered the best days to begin.
Kapampangans prefer Saturday so that the carpenters get their first pay immediately after work
and go home happy.
The influence of the moon: Traditionally, Filipino use the lunar calendar to guide them in
their planting and fishing and those phases of the moon are important to them. All ethnic,
demographic and indigenous regional culture of the Philippines are one in specifying that it is
best when there is full moon at the start of the construction. Excavation should start only “kung
kalian pabilog ang buwan” or when the moon is growing in size.

3. Planting Beliefs and Practices

The old Ilocanos believe that if you want your plants and trees to grow in abundance, shake
them vigorously while the bell rings on Holy Saturday. The orchard growers in the Cagayan
Valley, meanwhile, place lighted candles under their fruit trees during all Saint’s Day for the
same reason.
One must not look up while planting a banana tree otherwise in fruits will be small. It is
also suggested that you plant it during a full moon so that the fruits will be full and in big
bunches.
Papaya: Some believe that papaya must not be planted in front of one’s house because
papaya get easily wounded with their sap like the langka, for example, are avoided because the
family would then be susceptible to hurt and sorrow – “madaling masugatan, madaling
lumuha.”

FILIPINO BELIEFS AND PRACTICES

1. Lapitin ng sakuna o disgrasya anfg taong nakatakdang magpakasal kung kaya’t habang
palapit ang araw ng kasal ay ipinagbabawal na ang kanilang pagbibiyahe ng malayo upang
maiwasan ang anumang hindi magandang mangyayari.
2. Hindi dapat magkita anf lalaki at babaeng ikakasal isang araw bago ang takdang araw ng
kanilang pag – iisang dibdib. Magkikita lamang sila sa araw mismo ng kanilang kasal.
3. Bawal isukat ng babaeng ikakasal ang kaniyang traje de boda o ang kaniyang pangkasal sa
kadahiangnang hindi matutuloy ang kaniyang pakikipag – isang dibdbib.

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 4. Kapag ang isang tao ay nanaginip na nabubunot ang kaniyang ngipin, mayroong kamag –
anak siyang mamamatay.
5. Ang isang dalaga ay hindi dapat kumakanta sa harap ng kalan o habang angluluto. Siya ay
makakapag – asawa ng matanda.
6. Sa unag pagkakataon na ang babae ay magkakaregla, kailagan ay umalon siya sa iaktlong
baitang ng kanilang hagdan sa bahay. Para daw ang kaniyang regla ay magiging tatlong
araw lamang at hindi na lalagpas pa ditto.
7. Ang paggugupit ng kuko kung Biyernes o sa gabi ay hindi pinahihintulutan dahil mag –
aaway kayo ng isa sa magulang mo.
8. Kapag makasalubong o di kaya tatawid sa daanan moa ng isang itim na pusa, ito ay hindi
magandang sinyales.
9. Dapat itawid sa kabaong ang mga bata upang hindi sila dalawin ng yumao.
10. Maglagay ng walis tingting sa pintuan o bintana uang hindi makalapit sa sanggol o buntis
ang aswang o masamang espirito.

(These are only few of the Filipino beliefs and practices. Please do research for more.)

FILIPINO PROVERBS O SALAWIKAIN

1. Ang taong hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makakarating sa kanyang
paruruonan.
2. Ang mahinhin ay siyang mahindutin.
3. Ang taong nabubuhay sa patalim, mamamatay din sa patalim.
4. Kapag nagtanim ng hangin, bagyo ang aanihin.
5. Kapag ang kumot ay maiksi matutong mamaluktot.

(These are only few of the Filipino proverbs. Please do research for more.)
FILIPINO RIDDLES OR BUGTONG – BUGTONG
1. Aklat – Hindi kaban, hindi baul, napaglalagyan ng dunong.
2. Aso – Mataas kung nakaupo, mababa kung nakatayo.
3. Duyan – Bangka ng pari, pauli – uli.
4. Gatas ng Ina – tubig na pinagpala, walang makakuha kundi bata.
5. Bagyo – Dumaan ang hari, ang mga tao ay nagtali.

(These are only few of the Filipino riddles. Please do research for more.)

IV. Supplemental Materials:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ocsz6disIII

V. Activities:
Proceed to your Activity Sheets. Fill up the necessary details and make sure to
review/finalize your works.

VI. References:
• https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sociology/chapter/what-is-culture/
• Wenceslao B. Escoben/Alicia M. Palparan (2015) “Society and Culture with
Family Planning” Books atbp. Publishing Corp.

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BEEDMC404: TEACHING SOC. STUD. IN ELEM. GRADE (CULTURE & GEOGRAPHY)

MODULE XII: LEVELS OF HUMAN RELATION, ORIGIN AND

HIERARCHY OF HUMAN LOVE
Prepared by: Kenneth Lee Lamoste
College Instructor, College of Education
Samar Colleges, Inc.
I. Introduction:
Humans are being bound into the world. He is born to relate to his fellow human beings,
to animals and to his environment. He has to mingle with other people and establish
relationships among them and keep his association in various degrees.
In this module, we will try to look and understand why man should relate himself to the
world to his fellow and why man fall in love?

II. Learning Objectives:

Upon the completion of this module, you must be able to:
• Explain what is human relationship;
• Critique romantic movies using the different basis of falling in love;

III. Discussion:
LEVELS OF HUMAN RELATION THAT LEADS TO MARRIAGE
Every person relates with other persons in various degree relationship. This is because man
is a being bound – to – the – world, a being – for – another – being. It may begin from a simple
acquaintance and ends up to the altar of the church.
1. Acquaintance and Friendship. This is the most common step or experience in building up
a new relationship. A simple introduction of yourself to another person makes an opening
for a new relationship. Acquaintance is a just a simple meeting in an ordinary time and
place can turn into a a significant event because you found new friend. A good and fruitful
marriage shall begin with this stage. Being a friend provides you a lot of opportunities of
knowing each other better than anybody else. Among your friends or best of friends,
someone occupies a special place in your heart.
2. Courtship. It is the stage of actualizing your attraction to the opposite sex. From among
your friends or circle of friends, you have begun to feel a special and different feelings.
The time that you feel that you need him/her because you love him/her. In any case, you
begin to verbalize, to show, to let him/her feel your special attraction. In the Philippines,
courting is dominantly a male doing. However, females have their own way of expressing
their feelings towards the guys they are attracted to. They are very patient in waiting for
the right time. Some relationships may die during this stage. Friendship breaks up and
groups will divide. Some have successfully won each other’s heart and begin to relate
exclusively.
3. Mutual Understanding. It is a stage wherein the girl and the boy have already accepted each
other and relate each other in a special way. The feeling to keep each other is mutual but
the relationship is not yet publicly revealed. The loers have agreed to keep it until the right
time comes.
4. Engagement. It is a period which allows both lovers to know each other in a deeper way
including their families. It is a period of emotional involvement or commitment before one

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 has pledge to marry. This stage is made through the engagement ring offered by the boy as
assign of his intention to bring his beloved to the altar.
5. Marriage (Wedding). It is a final period of human relations. He attraction that begins in
acquaintance, and then goes into friendship, moves into lovers, goes into mutual
relationship, then, to engagement has realized by binding each other in to a long and lasting
relationship with the intention of raising a family of their own. Marriage is a special
contract of permanent union between a man and a woman in accordance with law for the
establishment of conjugal and family life (Family Code of the Philippines, Art. 1: E.O.#209
amended by #227, 1987).

FOUNDATION OF LOVE
1. Biological basis of falling in love. This kind of model tends to view love as a mammalian
drive, just like hunger or thirst.
2. Psychological basis of falling in love. This tends to understand love in the context of
interpersonal relationships in the light of psychologist Robert Stenrberg’s triangular theory
of love which has three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment.
• Intimacy encompasses feelings of attachment, closeness, connectedness, and
blondeness;
• Passion is a form in which two people share confidences and various details of their
personal lives, and is usually shown in friendships and romantic love affairs;
• Commitment is the expectation, in the short term, the decision to remain with
another, and in the long term, plans, made with that other.
3. Evolutionary basis of falling in love. This attempts to provide various reasons for love as
a survival tool and it seeks to identify which human psychological traits are evolved
adaptations – that is, the functional products of natural selection. Love is considered as a
mechanism to promote parental support of children.
4. Cultural basis of falling in love. This tries to explain that love is born and understood in
the culture of a particularly society.
• In the Greek culture - love is distinguished into four different ways, namely: agape,
eros, philia and storge. Agape means love in a “spiritual sense” – a true
unconditional love; Eros is “physical” passionate love, with sensual desire and
longing, romantic and pure emotion without the balance of logic; Philia is “mental”
love – meaning affection regard or friendship. Storge means natural affection, like
the love of the parents to the children.
5. Religious basis of falling in love. It tries to elucidate that love springs up from god. Love
is the essence of God.
6. Political basis of falling in love. This is seen in the context of gender roles definition, its
impact and autonomy.

SOME REASONS WE FALL IN LOVE

A question that receives quite a bit of attention in the psychological literature is why people
fall in love. One promising answer is that romantic love occurs when the attributes that generate
general attraction and the social factors and circumstances that produce passion are particularly
strong.
The general attraction attributes are as follows (Aron, et al. 1989):

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 1. Similarity: This includes similarity of people’s beliefs and, to a lesser extent, similarity of
personality traits and ways of thinking.
2. Propinquity: This includes familiarity with the other, which can be caused by spending
time together, living near each other, thinking about the other, or anticipating interaction
with the other.
3. Desirable characteristics: This general attraction attribute is particularly focused on an
outer physical appearance that is found desirable and, to a lesser extent, on desirable
personality traits.
4. Reciprocal liking: When the other person is attracted to you or likes you, that can increase
your own liking.
Two further factors that can help explain why people fall in love involve mate selection
(Aron, et al. 1989):

4.1. Social influences: A potential union that satisfies general social norms, as well as
acceptance of the potential union within one’s social network, can contribute to people
falling in love. By contrast, a union that does not satisfy general social norms or is not
accepted by one’s social network, can result in people falling out of love.
4.2. Filling needs: If a person can fulfill needs for companionship, love, sex or mating,
there is a greater chance that the other person will fall in love with him or her.

Another five factors seem to be required for the love to be truly passionate as opposed
to being a kind of friendship love (Aron, et al. 1989):
4.2.1. Arousal/unusualness: Being in an unusual or arousing environment can spark
passion, even if the environment is perceived as dangerous or spooky (Dutton
& Aron, 1974).
4.2.2. Specific Cues: A particular feature of the other may spark particularly strong
attraction (e.g., parts of their body or facial features).
4.2.3. Readiness: The more you want to be in a relationship, the lower your self-
esteem and the more likely you are to fall in love.
4.2.4. Isolation: Spending time alone with another person can also contribute to a
development of passion.
4.2.5. Mystery: If there is some mystery surrounding the other person and uncertainty
about what the other person thinks or feels, wondering when he or she will
initiate contact can also contribute to passion.

Aron et al. (1989) examined which of these factors are most prevalent in college
students based on their descriptions of their experiences of falling in love.

IV. Supplemental Materials:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJSiUm6jvI0
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eyq2Wo4eUDg

V. Activities:
Proceed to your Activity Sheets. Fill up the necessary details and make sure to
review/finalize your works.

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 VI. References:
• https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sociology/chapter/what-is-culture/
• Wenceslao B. Escoben/Alicia M. Palparan (2015) “Society and Culture with
Family Planning” Books atbp. Publishing Corp.

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BEEDMC404: TEACHING SOC. STUD. IN ELEM. GRADE (CULTURE & GEOGRAPHY)

MODULE XIII: THE FAMILY

Prepared by: Kenneth Lee Lamoste
College Instructor, College of Education
Samar Colleges, Inc.
I. Introduction:
Friends come and go but our family will never go. As we age in our life, we realize they
are with us and will always be for us. Never think of a perfect human family for no family is
perfect. There is always a fight, there is argument, there is miscommunication. Some members
do not talk for sometime and as time passes by healing begins and love prevails. A family is
again united and love begins to linger on among each member.

II. Learning Objectives:

Upon the completion of this module, the students must be able to:
• Discuss the concepts of family;
• Explain the multi – roles of the family to the community;

III. Discussion:
WHAT IS FAMILY?
Family is one of the most important biological units which have profound sociological
significance in all society and in every civilization. It influences the entire life of each member
in many different ways. It is the basic unit of social organization as perceived by the state.
Society is a conglomeration of families.
The word family comes from the Latin word familia – that means, it is a group of of people
bonded together by birth, by affinity, by residence and shared among themselves the economic
needs of its members. Family is composed of married couple living together, and maintaining
common norms and practices.
George Peter Murdock described four main functions of the family which included: (1)
Sexual relationships; (2) economic cooperation among members; (3) reproduction; and (4)
socialization of infants and children.

MULTI – ROLES IN THE FAMILY

This defines how each individual performs his duties in various roles in a given situation
or conditions. There shall be no mix – up in order to avoid confusion and legal problems.
MAN: when a man gets married, he becomes a husband to his wife; when his wife, he
becomes a father to his child.
WOMAN: when a woman is with her parents she is a daughter; when she gets married, she
will become a wife; when she bares a child, she is a mother.
In whatever, roles a person play there is always a proper response asked for it.

TYPES OF FAMILY STRUCTURE

The following types of families exist today, with some families naturally falling into
multiple categories. For example, a single parent family who lives in a larger, extended family.
While these types of families are distinct in definition, in practice the lines are less clear.

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 1. Nuclear family. The nuclear family is the traditional type of family structure. This
family type consists of two parents and children. The nuclear family was long held in
esteem by society as being the ideal in which to raise children. Children in nuclear
families receive strength and stability from the two-parent structure and generally have
more opportunities due to the financial ease of two adults.
2. Extended Family. The extended family structure consists of two or more adults who
are related, either by blood or marriage, living in the same home. This family includes
many relatives living together and working toward common goals, such as raising the
children and keeping up with the household duties. Many extended families include
cousins, aunts or uncles and grandparents living together. This type of family structure
may form due to financial difficulties or because older relatives are unable to care for
themselves alone. Extended families are becoming increasingly common all over the
world.
3. Single Parent Family. The single parent family consists of one parent raising one or
more children on his own. This family may include a single mother with her children,
a single dad with his kids, or a single person with their kids. The single parent family
is the biggest change society has seen in terms of the changes in family structures. One
in four children is born to a single mother. Single parent families are generally close
and find ways to work together to solve problems, such as dividing up household
chores. When only one parent is at home, it may be a struggle to find childcare, as there
is only one parent working. This limits income and opportunities in many cases,
although many single parent families have support from relatives and friends.
4. Blended family. this kind of family is characterized by a family with mixed parents.
One or both parents remarried, bringing children of the former family into the new
family.
5. Childless Family. While most people think of family as including children, there are
couples who either cannot or choose not to have children. The childless family is
sometimes the "forgotten family," as it does not meet the traditional standards set by
society. Childless families consist of two partners living and working together. Many
childless families take on the responsibility of pet ownership or have extensive contact
with their nieces and nephews.

FAMILY STRUCTURE BASED ON AUTHORITY

There are families which can be understood better due to the structure of authority
exercised by the hand of the family and by the members. Here are some of them
1. Patriarchal Family. A kind of family wherein the authority in running the family is
given to the oldest male member in the family.
2. Matriarchal – The authority in the family resides in the oldest female in the house. It
can be a mother or the eldest female child.
3. Egalitarian Family. The authority over the family, the mother – in – law or other in –
laws have nothing to do with the decision within the family. The children may only
have a consultative voice.
4. Matricentric Family. The authority over the family is temporarily in the hands of the
mother due to a long absence of the father. However, the father is consulted by the
mother over the decision to be done.

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 FAMILY BASED ON THEIR RESIDENCE
There are families which can be understood better based on their residence.
1. Patrilocal. The family or the newlywed couple has opted to live in the residence of the
bridegroom’s parents.
2. Matrilocal. The family or the newlywed couple has opted to live in the residence of the
bridegroom’s parents.
3. Bilocal. The family or the newlywed couple has decided to alternately yet temporarily
stay in the house of their both parents.
4. Neolocal. The family or the newlywed couple has decided to live by themselves in their
own house.

IV. Supplemental Materials:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaeiCEro0iU

V. Activities:
Proceed to your Activity Sheets. Fill up the necessary details and make sure to
review/finalize your works.

VI. References:
• https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sociology/chapter/what-is-culture/
• Wenceslao B. Escoben/Alicia M. Palparan (2015) “Society and Culture with
Family Planning” Books atbp. Publishing Corp.
• https://family.lovetoknow.com/about-family-values/types-family-structures

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