Report Writing
Report Writing
Repo
-
rt Wr.. .itin
' - ..
..
g.
.. .. .. - .,,
Wh at is a Rep ort?
A rc~)Ort is ~• _logicJI presen tation nf lnform .ni,u, h.1.\ cJ on f.K
ts. T hey arc requir ed for
ng. Rcpons arc an
'.'ukmg J cc1s1ons, evJlua ting ur rcvicwing pwgrcs.<, anJ for pl.inni
impor tant, ( 1) forma l, (2.) romin e anJ (3) pc:riudi,.-~,I p;art of
m;anagc-ment comm unica-
s and firc-Jam:ige or
tio ~ in mod em busine ss. Howe ver, some report s like fc:Jsihility report
e rc-pons.
JcoJe m report s arc writte n for spedt k purpose's unJ :arc nm routin
Feasibility Reports are the results of surveys to fi 11 cl out wherher Flaunching a new product
. .. I
or opening a new business organ isation will be pronc- ca bl e or nor · east611tty reports arc a so
•
2. The purpose for which the report is being written, its scope
and tht relevant sources.
3. For whom the report is being written (the audience) - whether the
persons for whom
the report is written will be able to understand the nuances of accou
ntancy, technical
details or legal terms.
4. The various aspecrs and the quantum of data collected and how
it was collected, by
means of a questionnaire or through interviews, and which demo
graphic group pro-
vided the data.
5. The method to be used to analyse the data (the statistical method to be
used), e.g. chi
squared test, or SWO T analysis, ere.
Th e Parts of a Report
The information in a report is grouped under certain headings to facilit
ate easy location of
the panicular information required by the reader. Grouping information
under separate heads
also addJ to the clarity of the report. After much experimentation the
format has finally been
standardised in a format similar to the IMRAD format proposed by Louis
Pasteur. (IMRAD =
Inuoduction, Matrrials/Methods, Research And Discussion). The prese
nt format is as follows:
In addition a Letter ofTransmittal is ~ttachcd to the report. It provides
a permanent record
of the mmfer of the rcpon to the offic1a.ls who have to read it. It shows
d the da f ub-i -
lion of* report. U1C name an des'1gnan.on of the writer and the authority b [CO
-L -
The Title
A long r,:port usually has a cover page which provides the name of the person or
the committee submitting the report, the subject of the report, month and year of
the report.
Fora.ample, . .
RrpoTT of the expert committee appointed to investigate the labour unrt m our mills at Salem
in the first wetk of J;.muary 2003. .
In the case of a sliort report, which is in the form of~ letter the title forms the
subjai of the letter. For example, ,
Subjt~ct: Investigation of the labour unrest in the Salem mills.
Terms of Reference I h h .. fth report or the date on
d r who assigned t e wrmng o c '
This pan of th e ~port tcI s t c rca e th d f h letter/order authorising the
.h I . n!l~~d to that effect, or. . c .ateho 6t em of a sentence or rwo of thc
w h1c a ~ uuon was r~-
writt"rlwritcrs to make the repon. A brief dcscr1pt1on m t c or
~u,ine,s Communicat ion
a,.,1p1rncnt i~ indudcd in the 'Terms of Reference'. Sometimes the resolution authorising the
,.,,,~nmrnt I\ rrproJutc-tL I-or example,
The rnmmittc-t to invc-stigat e the labour unrest in the mills at Salem was appointed by the
ft llov. mg re¼.1lution aJopted at the meeting of the Board of Directors, on 14 January 2004:
1
The Preface
111e pn:face provides an introduction to the entire project report. In the letter type of report,
the letr<'r of transmittal can also provide this introduction. '
List of Illustrations
This list indicates the pages on which graphs, pie-diagrams, tree diagrams, tJow charts and
photographs appear in the repon. , .
Ust of References
11w U. of Rtfcrmca may be mtntioned either a, footnotes or as_a list of references. Refcrcnca
.ad.I Cffd,b,Jjry co tht r<'J)On and help the writer to avoid plagiari&m,
Bibliogra phy
The Bibliography j~ the list of boolu referred (Oby the researcher.~ list rori<ks ~ nas -
Publication of each book, i.e. author/editor, title ofbooklanicle .- .,,.,..,.11
~.__., TQ.f
p of~,I..J:_ .ot
...~ 0 0 0
and the publisher. "
Glossary
The glossary is a list of technical terms or special words, whidi nuv noc be known ro a Linrun
{the person without specialised knowledge of the suhjea of the report.) ·
Appendic es
Illustrations and tabular columns are put at the end of the reporr so .is to mainain daritv uiJ
logical flow in the body of the reporr. This pan constitutes the Appendi«.s. ·
Note: The report rnll5t be signed by the person or persons writing the n:porr.
The Lener or Simple Lener format is used, when the rcpon is on a simple mamr and an be
given in one or two pages.
Business Communication
The Lt.·m·r-L~xr format is useJ, when rhe subject on which the report is submitted requires
disl..'ussion.
The Mt.·nwranJum format is used, when a simpler method, wruch presents the information,
undt•r separare headings is required.
The Direcrors
ARCTIC REFRIGERATORS LIMITED
No. 15, New Avadi Road
Chennai 600 010
Sir
Yours faithfully
T.K. Vijayaram
(Convenor/Chairman) ·
(Mrs) Malathy Menon (Member)
Mr M.T. Kaappan (Member)
The Directors
Mis Arctic Refrigerators Limited
No. 15, New Avadi Road
Chennai 600 010
Dear Sirs
Subject: Report on poor after sales service of refrigerators by the Agency at Kara.ikud.i
A.I visited our agents, Mis Kallukatti Home Applianc e Agencies, in Karaikudi between
21 February 2004 and 5 March 2004. .
B.I visited the houses of each of the complainants and made detailed enquiries.
C.I also interviewed the proprieto r of the agency and each member of the service staff.
111. Findin p
My enquiries with customers, who had purchase d refrigerators from Mis Kallukatd Horne
Applim u Agencies and with the personne l of the agency, show that:
1 ,A.JI the com plai n ts are d ated during a period immoJ·. l , .:. h , .
. al . h. h tate) aner t ~ ~--omp.uws l~ - 11·
Discou nt S es m w 1c the new, 'Super Arctic) 165 1· .~ 1 l · l'-''J.
. 1ters moue w.1s l.nm~hcJ
2. Most of the complamams had bought the new model. ·
3_ All the complaints were about two aspects of the after-·· I .·, l
. . s.a es sen l\.<."n.\m(' v. aj JdJ,• in
respon di ng tot heir requests for service and b) incompetent servKmg.
•• ·· ·
4. The Agency was allotted in January 2003 and the a(¥m appo'ar\-- 1 II , _1 •
. . . tr H."U w-c -tr.1.1n~" ~'<'C'\·h.~
personnel and d1v1ded them mto six groups - two fur Kar-tikud 1' to . J fi a.· h
areas aroun d Karaikudi. ' ' n an mr ll\f t c
5. All the ?ersons who were employed we~ from places like Salem, Coimh.m.n~ tmd
Chenna1. As a result they left one by one until only two a~ left now. ;
6. Person s w ho had just completed their ITI course filled up d1e v.tamdes S{l crt-.u"t'J.
These employees were given training fur just one ·week. In ~ality this \\--.lS only six d..tys.
IV. C onclusion
1. Insufl1cient work experience along with insuHicient training and the intmduc:th..m
of the new model, resulted in both the delays and the incompetent ~rvidng of the
refrigerators.
2. The new employees themselves admitted that lack of work experience w.is ttsponsihl~
for their not being aware of the importance of punctuality.
3. The absence of seniors trained in the company routine and culture wJ.s another factor
which contributed to poor after sales servicing.
V. Recommendations
On the basis of my findings, I submit the following recommendations:
1. T he agents, Mis Kallukatti Home Appliance Agencies should be adYised to prd~r local
candidates for their service teams. Such persons are likely to se~ fur longer a dumtion
than outsiders, who are likely to come to a small town like Karaikudi only as a stop g-.1p
a rrangement until they get a job closer home or in a city.
2. The principal should depute persons to Karaikudi to tr-.iin the service sr-.tff fur a min-
imum period of four weeks particularly in the technical aspects of the new moJd
refrigerator.
3. A team of trained staff either from Chennai or Tiruchimpalli or Madurai may be
deputed to Karaikudi to visit the complainants there in an effort to remove the n~g.i-
tive attitude towards the agent. ·
4. As a goodwill measure an advertisement-cum-free servicing camp can be hdd with
headquarters at Karaikudi at our agent's showroom. The service teams can be sent out
to the villages and small towns around Karaikudi, within the agenes area.;·
/ I
I am sure that by adopting these measures, the negative attitude towards the agency and the
sale of refrigerators will be removed and confidence in both will be restored.
Yours faithfully
M.T. Kaappan
Marketing Managc:"r
. •m t h'1s rcport , particularly in the first cwo parts.)
(Note: The changes in format and word mg
6uslness Communica t ion
I. Terms of Reference
. th after-sales service of refrigerators by
T'--1 report on the complaints received regard mg e poor .
rhe A~ency at Kar.iikudi, M/s Kallukatti Home Appliance Agencies.
.
.. Board of Directors . · eeting held on 1S February 2004 •
The assigned the report co me at ltS m
'Resolved chat a sub-committee consisting of Mr T.K. Vijayaram, convenor, ~rs. Malathy
~ t~non and Mr M. T Kaappan be, and is hereby appointed to investigate th~ co~plamts received
~'"3.fding the poor after sales service of refrigerators by the Agen9:' at ~~udi, Mis ~ukatti
Home Appliance Agencies and to report with their recommendanons withm three weeks•
Ill. Findings
The sub-committee's enquiries with customers, who had purchased refrigerators from Mis
Kallubtti Home Appliance Agencies and with the personnel of the agency, show that:
1. All the complaints were dated during a period immediate ly. after the company's
Dccpavalli Discount Sales in which the new, 'Super Arctic' 165 litres model was
launched.
2. Most of the complainants had bought the new model.
3. All the complaints were about two aspects of the after-sales service namely, a) delay in
responding to their requ~cs for service and b) incompete nt servicing.
4. The Agmcy was allotted in January 2003 and the agent appointed well-trained service
personnel and divided them into six groups -two for Karaikudi town and four for the
areas around Kanukudi.
5. All the persons who were employed were from places like Salem Coimbator e and
Chcnnai. As a result they left one by one until only two arc left no~.
6. Persons who had ju.st completed their ITI course filled up the vacancies so created,
These m1ployecs were given training for just one week. In reality this was only six days,
JV. C ondlJSjon
1v. Recommendations
Oa che basis of our findi a~ v.-e submir me foilO"wing r e c ~
I. The agents.. ~t ·s K.illuL.ni Home App lirn ..-¼,-t:a..ies shoutd be ..trisa
{ m ptcfa- loal
c.mdi dares for their senic e re-mis. Such penoo.s ~ Mc;afy to SC""o-e
for ~""!! ' a L--ar:.on
th.1I1 oursiden. l\-ho are likefy co co~ to a small rown ~ K.L ~ only~
a ,mp gap
~c-e men t unril they get a job closer home m in a cin.._,
, Trainers slJCkld ~ deput ed to Kanik.udi to min die Knie
r saif for a mini-
mum period of four weeks particul~-fy in the technical ~'pcct
s of cbe new modd.
refuge.ramr.
3. A te-,lffi of uained staff richer from Chc:nnai or T uuchi rapall i or
~Wura.i J..a;,J w
derured to K.uai.kudi to ,-is.it the complainants there in an cfut lO relDO\
-e the De?-
th-e an:i rude towards ch(' a.gene.
4. As a goom,ill me-a s~ an :im~rruemem cum fr« sen;cing. cam p~
bt bdd with
he,.idquaners at Kar.iikudi at our agem·s shov.-room. The set'\"K.-C tomS
can~ smr out
to the Yill ~ ands. null ro"-ns aroun d Kanikudi. ";th in~ ~c•s
~
~
llCl.
I .un SW"( ch.u by adopting th~ f f i ( " J . ) ~ the neg.uh-e ~mtudc tov..uds the
~-elk. ] md me
s.ile of refri ~cor s will~ Kmo,-ed and confiJell\.-r in both v.-ill be ro-ror
t:' ed.
Sd. -
T. K. \ija~-ar.un,
Com"Cllor
(Mrs) Mal~thy Meno n
M.T. Kaappan
Note: Th~rc art changes in format and worJi ng in rhis repon, partic
ular!y in CM fi~ ~
parts. Note also the ~h· c voice in the proceJ.u.re and the
'should be con5rrua,o n 10
the m:-om mend .nions . It is riot absolutely necessary to separ,
ue the conclusion from tbe
fi ndings.
Another n~ of report on financial/economic topics is frequ end!
.r- wThritten for pud_blih~-t
. L..-
tion in newsp.tpcrs. The most 1mporr-.mt IC",tur Of th. rt is brev1ty. e sccon IS t a
e is repo
. Th h ve a h('".1.ding and menn.on t he r lace fro m
it comes str.iight to the pomt. ~ reports ~ . . So cxampl~ arc given
"hich the report is gi~n and the date on which tt wa.s given.
me
~low.
6usine,s Comm unication
EXE RC ISE S
I. \\-rite short answers for each of the following:
I. \X'hJt is a rt'port?
2. How are reports classified?
3. Ho,v shoul d one prepare for writing the report?
-t \\lut are the parts of a report?
5. \\b.1.t au the characteristics of a good report?
6. \Xnat are the types of format commonly used for writin g report
s?
II. \\rite one report for each of the following types of reports:
I. A reporr in the form of a letter (by an individual) about the declin
e in the sales of a
product of your choice.
2. A reporr in the form of a memo randu m abo~t a comp laint regar
ding the fust three free
services for a moped.
3. Repo rt of a committee regarding a decline in the sales cycles manu
factu red by a panic-
ular imaginary company.
4. Repo rt of a committee on the decline in the sales of a washi ng
mach ine - assume an
imaginary brand.
5. A repor t on the value of currency in a newspaper (market report)
- (use the data in a
newspaper).
6. A newspaper report on inter-organizational transactions (use the
data in a newspaper).
7. A feasibility report (on starting a textile mill in Coim bator e).