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1. The document describes an experiment to investigate solute and solvent interactions through observing the solubility of various solids in liquids and miscibility of liquids. 2. Key results showed that polar solutes like sugar, salt, and potash alum dissolved in the polar solvent water, but were insoluble in the nonpolar solvent oil. Polar liquids like water and vinegar were miscible with each other and kerosene, but water and oil were immiscible. 3. The experiment demonstrates that solubility and miscibility are determined by the polarity of the solute and solvent - polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents, and nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents.

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Aaron Aldover
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25 views

Qwerty

1. The document describes an experiment to investigate solute and solvent interactions through observing the solubility of various solids in liquids and miscibility of liquids. 2. Key results showed that polar solutes like sugar, salt, and potash alum dissolved in the polar solvent water, but were insoluble in the nonpolar solvent oil. Polar liquids like water and vinegar were miscible with each other and kerosene, but water and oil were immiscible. 3. The experiment demonstrates that solubility and miscibility are determined by the polarity of the solute and solvent - polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents, and nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents.

Uploaded by

Aaron Aldover
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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“Solubility and Polarity”

Activity #2

I. Objective

1. To investigate solute and solvent interaction.


2. To make interpretations about the nature of substances, based on their solubility or miscibility.

II. Materials

Transparent cups
Plastic spoon or coffee stirrer
Liquids: oil, water, vinegar, kerosene
Solids: sugar, salt, mothballs (naphthalene balls), potash alum (Tawas powder)

Safety Precautions

1. The activity should be performed in an airy or well-ventilated room.

2. Avoid contact with the skin and direct inhalation of the vapors of the substances. It is best, if you use
safety gloves, goggles and mask.

III. Procedure

A. Solids in Liquids

1. Fill the cup/container about half full of water.


2. Measure out a teaspoon of sugar and add it to the cup of water and stir using a spoon or coffee stirrer.
3. Repeat the same procedure for the salt, powdered mothballs and Tawas powder. Each time use a
clean cup and spoon or coffee stirrer.
4. Repeat procedure 1, this time using oil as the solvent.
5. Observe each test and record the results by writing the words "soluble" if the entire solid dissolves,
"insoluble" if the solid does not dissolve.
6. Identify the nature of the solute based on their solubility.

B. Miscibility of Liquids

1. In another clean cup, put water approximately 1/4 full, then add 1 tablespoon of oil and stir and allow
them to stand for 1 minute. Observe the contents and record your observations.
2. Repeat the same procedure for the vinegar and oil. Each time use a clean cup and spoon or coffee
stirrer.
3. Repeat procedure 1, this time using oil as the solvent.
4. Observe each test and record the results by writing the words "miscible" if the solute and solvent mix
each other, "immiscible" if the solute and solvent do not mix each other.
5. Identify the nature of the solute based on their miscibility.
IV. Results

A. Solids in Liquids

Solvent/Solute Sugar Salt Mothballs Potash Alum

Oil Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble

Nature: Nonpolar Nonpolar Nonpolar Nonpolar Nonpolar

Water Soluble Soluble Insoluble Soluble

Nature: Polar Polar Polar Polar


Polar

B. Miscibility of Liquids

Solvent/Solute Oil Vinegar Kerosene

Water Inmiscible Miscible Miscible

Nature: Polar Polar Polar Polar

Solvent/Solute Water Vinegar Kerosene

Oil Inmiscible Inmiscible Miscible

Nature: Nonpolar Nonpolar Nonpolar


Nonpolar

V. Questions and Analysis

1. What are the solutes that dissolved in water? Oil?

Dissolved in Water: Potash Alum, Sugar and Salt


Dissolved in Oil: Potash Alum and Mothballs

2. What are the solutes that mixed with water? Kerosene?

Mix with Water: Kerosene and Vinegar


Mix with Kerosene: Water, Vinegar and Oil
Generalization
How can you relate the polarity of the solute and solvent to their solubility and miscibility?

- In contrast to non-polar solvents, polar solutes will dissolve in polar solvents,


won't dissolve if we place it in a non-polar solvent. Solutions are likely to occur
while non-polar solvents will dissolve in non-polar solvents. A polar solute
when solute and solvent are roughly the same polarity.

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