Mga Suliraning Pangkapaligiran

Awtput ng ikatlong pangkat:

Bueno, Thea Sophia C.

Espinosa, Michael Angelo F.
Gumbahali, Vince Ridwan L.
Magoncia, Ericka Faye D.
 DALUYONG-BAGYO

Typhoon Fengshen storm surge

Fengshen(FRA made a direct hit on the Philippines and China, causing severe damage
and resulted in at least 1,371 deaths and leaving 87 people missing. Most of the deaths
occurred in the Philippines, including 846 of the 922 people on board the Princess of the Stars
who were killed when the ship capsized.

At least 598 people were killed by the

typhoon as it dropped torrential rain that caused
flooding and mudslides in the Philippines, which
means that it could be one of the top ten deadliest
tropical cyclones in the Philippines. In Iloilo
province, 59 are reported killed and 40 missing. In
Iloilo City, 30,000 people were forced onto
rooftops when a nearby reservoir burst.In the Bicol
Region, more than 200,000 people sought
temporary shelter from the typhoon.Meanwhile, as
the storm passed through Metro Manila and its nearby provinces, it caused widespread power
outages which lasted for hours.Typhoon Fengshen could be one of the deadliest typhoons to hit
the Philippines, killing over 1,300 people here, mostly from the sinking of the Princess Of The
Stars ferry during the storm and P 1.7 billion damage to property.

Typhoon Fengshen, known as Frank in the Philippines, formed in the Pacific Ocean East
of the Philippine Islands on 19 June. It intensified to typhoon intensity on 20 June 2008. At that
time typhoon Fengshen had wind speeds estimated at 85 knots (~98 mile per hour) making it a
category two tropical cyclone on the Saffir-Simpson scale.

Typhoon Fengshen dropped very heavy rainfall

over the Philippines before moving into the South China
Sea.This resulted in many mudslides and massive
flooding. Rainfall amounts exceeding 150mm (~5.9
inches) cover most of the southern Philippines. Higher
amounts of over 300 mm (~12 inches,) cover a large area
of the islands affected by the typhoon. Over the weekend
of June 21-22, Typhoon Fengshen Storm Surge turned
deadly to the people of the Philippines, and especially to
passengers on a cruise ship.

According to AsiaNews.it, on Saturday, June 21, Fengshen's waves had capsized a 23

ton ship called "Princess of Stars" a few miles from Sibuyan in the province of Romblon. Waves
were over 14 feet high from Fengshen at that time. On board were 800 people, many of them
children. Reports indicate that only 38 people on board safely made it to shore, the others are
unaccounted for.

Thelma Storm Surge

Nobyembre 1,1991 - Nobyembre 8, 1991. Naglandfall ang Bagyo Thelma sa Visayas

pero ang pinaka dakilang trahedya ay nasa Ormoc City, Leyte dahil ang ulan ay sumakop sa
tubig-saluran ng Anilao – Malbasag, na nagpapadala ng tubig-baha na dumadaloy sa
napaparang na bundok. Ang tubig na ito ay dumaloy sa mga ilog ng Anilao at Malbasag, na
matatagpuan sa hilaga ng Ormoc. Ang likas na istraktura ng mga bundok ay higit na nag-ambag
sa mga pagbaha, na may mga dalisdis na matarik na 60 porsyento na grado sa ilang mga lugar.
Sa matinding mga kaganapan sa ulan, ang tampok na ito ay nag-iiwan sa itaas ng
dalawang-katlo ng saklaw ng bundok na hindi matatag. Sa dalawang oras bago ang pinaka
mahirap na pag-ulan, ang lupa sa tubig-saluran ay naging puspos, na binabawasan ang bisa
nito sa pagsipsip ng karagdagang mga pag-ulan.

Bilang isang resulta, ang matinding

pag-ulan na naganap bago ang pagbaha, kung
saan umabot sa 167 mm (6.6 in) bawat oras ang
mga rate ng ulan, ang lupa ay hindi makahigop ng
karamihan sa ulan. Maraming mga pagguho ng
lupa mula 1 hanggang 3 m (3.3 hanggang 9.8 ft)
ang malalim at 50 hanggang 100 m (160
hanggang 330 ft) ang malawak na naganap sa
buong rehiyon. Madami mga casualties ay
naganap sa mga tao tumitira malapit sa ilog. At
madami mga survivors ay nagsasabi na makita
nila ang mga katawan ng mga tao ay lumulutang lang sa baha. According sa officials “ tens of
thousands” ang death toll dahil sa gitna ng araw ito naganap. 3,000 na bahay ay nawasak at
11,000 ay nasira. 2,636,927,254.59 PHP ang halaga ng nasira kung iconvert ito sa panahon
ngayon dahil sa inflation rates.
 Typhoon Yolanda Storm Surge

The damage and the death toll from Typhoon Yolanda were particularly high along the
coasts surrounding San Pedro Bay on the northwestern margin of the Leyte Gulf primarily due
to the storm surge generated by the typhoon. The shallow bathymetry of less than 10-m depth
and funnel shape make the coasts of San Pedro Bay inherently susceptible to storm surge. The
bay is relatively deep, but at the north end, near the city of Tacloban, the water becomes
shallow and here the typhoon created a big storm surge that devastated most of this low-lying
coastal city.

Storm surge model results identified Iloilo,

Samar, Leyte, Palawan, and Eastern Samar
provinces as having the greatest storm surge heights
during Typhoon Haiyan, with the maximum storm
surge height as high as 4 m (13 feet). The highest
predicted storm surge and tide height was 5.3 m for
Matarinao Bay, Eastern Samar which covers the
towns of Salcedo, Quinapondan, Gen. MacArthur,
and Hernani. The second and third highest were 4.7
m in Poro Island, Biliran Straight, and 4.5 m in
Tacloban straight, respectively.

In the island of Leyte and Samar, PAGASA

measured 5–6-meter (15–19 ft) waves. In Tacloban,
Leyte, the terminal building of Tacloban Airport was
destroyed by a 5.2 m (17 ft) storm surge up to the height of the second story. Along the airport,
a storm surge of 4 m (13 ft) was estimated. Waves of 4.6
m (15 ft) were also estimated. On the western coast of
Samar, the storm surge was not as significant.

There was widespread devastation from the storm

surge in Tacloban City especially in San Jose, with many
buildings being destroyed, trees knocked over or broken,
and cars piled up. The low-lying areas on the eastern side
of Tacloban city were hardest hit, with some areas
completely washed away.

City administrator Tecson John Lim stated that

roughly 90 percent of the city had been destroyed. Most
families in Samar and Leyte lost some family members or
relatives; families came in from outlying provinces looking
for relatives, especially children, who may have been
washed away. The entire first floor of the Tacloban City
Convention Center, which was serving as an evacuation
shelter, was submerged by storm surge. Many residents in
the building were caught off-guard by the fast-rising waters and subsequently drowned or were
injured in the building.

Although wind speeds were extreme, the major cause of damage and loss of life
appears to have been storm surge. The storm crossed the Visayas region for almost a day,
causing widespread flooding. Widespread power interruptions, landslides, and flash floods were
also reported. Major roads were blocked by trees, and impassable. 453 domestic and
international airline flights were canceled. Some
airports were also closed on November 8 and 9.
Ferries were affected. Relief and rescue efforts
were underway by November 9, but some places
remained isolated and out of communication due to
severe damage.

10 cargo vessels were swept inland in Tacloban by

storm surges brought by typhoon Yolanda – 8 of
these were brought in barangays 68, 69, and 70.
The two others were brought in the villages of Diit,
near the San Juanico Bridge, and barangay 75,
where a Department of Public Works and Highways
dredger remains stuck along with one vessel
belonging to the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic
Resources at Tacloban port.
 BAHA

The Great Flood of 1972

Sa Hulyo 17, ang bigat na ulan na dulot sa pagbaha sa panahon nito ay galing sa
Typhoon Rita. 14 probinsya ang nakaapekto sa hinahaba na 320 km hilaga ng Maynila. Ang
mga sobrang nakaranas ng epekto ng baha ay ang lugar na Pampanga at Tarlac dahil halos
lahat na ang 2 lugar nayan ay nabaha dahil sa mismong baha at sa hindi gumagana na Dams.
Inevacuate lahat ng mga tao sa 2 lugar na ito at 55,000 na tao ay kailangan ng tulong.

Sa Hulyo 18-19, 25 tao ay namatay sa Pangasinan, halos lahat nabaha sa Maynila,

sinara ang mga paaralan at mga negosyo dalawa hanggang 3 araw, at 14,000 ay walang
tirahan sa Maynila.

epekto ng baha sa sementeryo. Taguig,1972

Estimado na 242 na tao ay namatay at 500,000 tao ay nawalan ng bahay o tirahan,

1,000,000 na tao ay kailangan ng tulong at 21,389,770,500.00 PHP sa panahon natin ngayon
na halaga ay nasira sa baha
 Bahang Sendong

Naglandfall ang Bagyong Sendong sa Mindanao sa December 16, 2011, Higit na 10

oras na ulan ay naganap sa Mindanao, partikular sa lugar na Cagayan De Oro at Iligan.

Dahil sa ulan nagkaroon ng flash floods sa lugar, dahil hindi talaga nagkakaranas ng
bagyo ang Mindanao dahil sa geography ng lugar, dahil ang Mindanao ay malapit sa equator at
hindi makabuo ng lakas para maikot ang bagyo kapag malapit sa equator.

Hindi nakapaghanda ang lahat ng mga tao sa Mindanao, lalo na sa mga residente ng
Cagyan De Oro at Iligan, at mga katabing probinsiya sa dalawa. Higit sa 1,200 na tao ay
namatay at 182 na tao ay nawawala, 7 rehiyon ay nasira sa Baha at nag-iiwan ng higit sa
2,000,000,000 PHP na pinsala.
 Ondoy Flash Flood

September 25-26.

Naglandfall ang
bagyong Ondoy sa Metro
Manila area at ang Rizal
probinsiya, kasama din
ang mga lungsod na
Antipolo, Makati,
Malabon, Marikina,
Muntinlupa, Pasig,
Quezon, San Juan,
Taguig, and Valenzuela.

Nagkaroon ng flash flood dahil walang maayos na drainage system meron at the time at
madami sa mga drainage systems ay naclog at
di makapasok ang tubig kaya nagkaroon ng
flash floods, at marami din mga ilog sa metro
manila area at dahil dun naooverflow ang level
ng tubig sa ilog at nakaapekto din yung mga
tao nakatira malapit sa ilog.

448 tao ang namatay sa NCR region at

ang rehiyon na ito ay ang pinakarami kumpara
sa ibang rehiyon at 671 tao ang total namatay
kapag pinagsama ang ibang rehiyon katulad ng
CAR, Region III, Region IV-A, at ARMM.Nasira
ang agrikultural na bahagi ng rehiyon sa presyo
na ₱6,766,046,143.00 at ang mga ibang imprastraktura na nasa halaga na ₱4,391,462,577.60.
Ang total ng mga nasira ay ₱11,157,508,720.60.
 LANDSLIDE

2006 Guisangon Landslide

A massive landslide buried an entire village in Barangay Guinsa-ugon, in the town of St.
Bernard, Southern Leyte province on Friday, February 17, 2006 at around 10:00 am. The
landslide roared down a mountainside burying around 500 houses and an elementary school
packed with around 246 schoolchildren, six (6) teachers, a principal and two health and social
workers. Classes were ongoing at the time of the landslide. A women's celebration was also
being held in the barangay hall at the time of the landslide and the participants were believed to
be trapped inside the hall. The landslides had been triggered by more than two weeks of
continuous heavy rainfall, estimated to be four times more than the normal recorded rainfall.
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) also recorded a 2.6
magnitude earthquake which hit the southwestern portion of Southern Leyte around 10:36 a.m

Barangay Guinsaugon, is around 7 kilometers away from the town proper and has an
estimated population of 3,000.

Based on the report released by the Department of Social Welfare and Development
(DSWD) on February 21, 2006, aside from Barangay Guinsa-ugon, 15 other barangays were
also affected by the landslide. Four evacuation centers are serving at least 439 families with
1,645 persons while other families are currently staying with their friends and relatives.
Eighty-one (81) dead bodies have been recovered from the landslide site, 19 survivors have
been rescued while 996 persons are still missing.

A pastor of the United Church of Christ in the Philippines and his 6 month old daughter
were among those killed in the landslide. According to Rev. Dominador Gulles of the UCCP St.
Bernard Task Force, only nine (9) of the almost 70 members of UCCP Guinsaugon are in the
survivors' list, the rest among those who are feared to be buried in the mud.
The ongoing search and rescue operations had been hampered by the heavy mud. Based on
the readings of the special instruments, they were able to identify the location of the school
building which lay beneath 25 to 30 meters of mud. Rescuers have not been able to use heavy
equipment to dig in because the ground is still soft. The national highway leading to the village
was also damaged . Several million pesos worth of crops, livestock and fisheries were
damaged in the flooding.2926 evacuated, 122 found dead, 980 missing, and 17 are injured.

Rock-slide Avalanche, Brgy. Guisangon, St.

Bernard,
Southern Leyte, February 2006
 1999 Cherry Hills Landslide

On the night of August 3, 1999, a massive landslide occurred in Cherry Hills subdivision
in Antipolo, Rizal province, Philippines that resulted in about 60 deaths and 378 houses buried.
The landslide was primarily caused by the heavy rains of the approaching typhoon Olga. The
subdivision became a death trap when its foundations were filled with water and the whole
complex slid down the hill on which it was built.

The warning signs were there five years before the tragedy occurred—hairline fissures
on the walls and pavements of the subdivision. But like many warnings, those that were noticed
in Cherry Hills in Antipolo City were either misread or ignored.

Residents and developers blamed each other. The former accused the latter of using
substandard materials for the low-cost housing project. Developers insisted that the housing
renovations made by the residents had caused the fissures.

By the time both sides realized the gravity of the situation, it was too late. As they
prepared to leave the area amid the heavy rains, residents found themselves trapped in their
own homes. Houses slid down the subdivision’s slopes, putting those in the lower areas under
45,000 cubic meters of mud, rocks, and concrete. People were buried alive. At least 58 people
died that rainy day of Aug. 3, 1999.

Heavy rains triggered the disaster. Rainfall measurements three days prior to the
landslide were equivalent to 120 days of normal rainfall in a rainy season, according to a report
of a fact-finding committee. Actual rainfall recorded during that period totaled 523.3 millimeters.
The normal amount of rainfall for the entire month of August, based on a 35-year record in the
weather bureau’s Quezon City observation station, was 517.3 millimeters.
 Developers claim that the unusually huge volume of water that seeped into Hill 255,
where Cherry Hills was located, caused enough pressure that triggered the subdivision’s
collapse.

But geologists based in the University of the Philippines (UP) argue that while heavy
rains may have set off the disaster, they claim that certain geological characteristics of the area
made the subdivision vulnerable to landslides. The rains could not have been the sole factor
behind the tragedy, they add.

The damage caused is 1.7 billion pesos or $41 million

 2003 Panaon Landslide

Rain-induced landslide, Panaon Island, Southern Leyte, December 2003

Panaon Island, Southern Leyte. On the eve of 19 December 2003, three simultaneous
landslide-events occurred in three barangays (Pinut-an, Punta, and Lutao) on Panaon Island.
The rain had been continuous since the earlier part of the month. The locals attributed the rain
to the low-pressure area developed from the Pacific coast. Sustained rain brought about by the
low-pressure was not uncommon to locals however, the more than 15 days rain was daunting
for many families and communities in south and southeast coasts of Panaon. About 154 people
died and hundreds of residents were left homeless.

Large volumes of eroded soil, rocks, boulders and vegetative debris materials filled-up
and clogged upstream segments of rivers, which created an impounding dam consequently
putting pressure on the ground. Slump, breached and floodwaters carried the debris and mud
downstream, sweeping anything on its path including rows of houses along the slope and
banks. The mass movement and flash flood, critically defined as debris flood, in Panaon were
considered by the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB)-Region 8 as natural phenomena
caused by weathering, steep slope, and excessive rainfall spawned by the low-pressure area.

There reported no damage to schools and health centers except one day care center in
barangay Punta. Water sources have been destroyed or contaminated.
 “Sa una, kubo lang ang amung balay pero makakaon mi.
Karon, nindot ang among balay pero gigutom mi.”
 BAGYO

Typhoon Ulysses (Vamco)

Category 4

On November 8, 2020, Tropical Depression “Ulysses” entered the Philippine Area of

Responsibility (PAR) and became a Tropical Storm on November 10, 2020 as it continued to
move northwestward. On November 11, 2020, it further intensified into a Typhoon and was
classified as Category 4. The center of its eye made landfall in the vicinity of Patnanungan,
Quezon. Typhoon “Ulysses” slightly weakened on November 12, 2020 as it moved westward
over the West Philippine Sea. On November 13, 2020, Typhoon “Ulysses” re-intensified and
exited PAR. Typhoon Ulysses (International name Vamco), the Philippines' 21st tropical cyclone
for 2020, hit Luzon hardest from November 11-12, 2020.

The typhoon dumped 356 millimeters of rain with maximum sustained winds of 150 km/h
and gustiness of up to 205 km/h.

As of November 11, 2020, PAG-ASA hoisted Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal (TCWS) No.3
over Metro Manila and other Luzon provinces, specifically in:

A total of 1,262,939 families or 5,184,824 persons were affected in 7,837 barangays in

Regions NCR, I, II, III, CALABARZON, MIMAROPA, V and CAR were affected. Of which 3,769
families/14,417 persons were served inside 145 evacuation centers while 392 families/1,464
persons were served outside of evacuation centers as of November 12, 2020.

Over 350,000 people were forced to evacuate from their homes. As of November 12,
2020, the Philippine National Police (PNP) recorded 352,509 individuals forced out of their
homes.
 Number of people forced to evacuate

● Bicol 193,532

● CALABARZON 78,647

● Metro Manila 36,256

● Central Luzon 20,991

● MIMAROPA 14,952

● Cagayan 5,985
Valley

● Ilocos 1,324

● CAR 822

Tropical Cyclone Warning System: (A) TCWS 1, (B) TCWS 2, (C) TCWS 3

A total of 101 dead, 85 injured, and 10 missing were reported in region I, II, III,
CALABARZON, V, CAR, and NCR. Out of the total number of deaths, 51 were confirmed in
regions II, II, CALABARZON, and CAR.

A total of 334 incidents were monitored

across all eight affected regions, Regions
NCR, I, II, III, CALABARZON, MIMAROPA, V and CAR.

(Picture as of Jan. 13,2021)

Roads and Bridges A total of 252 road sections and 122 bridges in all affected
regions and region VIII are affected by flooding, mudflow,
landslide, swollen river, and soil/rock collapse. Of which 15 road
sections and 29 bridges are not passable.

Power Supply Ulysses knocked out 32 power transmission lines across Luzon
and interrupted services for as many as 3.8 million customers
across the franchise of Manila Electric Co. (Meralco) alone. A
total of 383 cities and municipalities in all eight affected regions
have experienced power outage. Of which, power was already
restored in 295 cities and municipalities.

Water Supply A total of 71 municipalities in regions II, V, and CALABARZON

experienced water interruption. Of which water supply in 46
areas have been restored.

Communication A total of 96 municipalities in regions CALABARZON, V, and

Lines NCR experienced network interruption.

Network Interruption schedule

 AGRICULTURAL DAMAGE COST (as of Jan. 13, 2021)

An estimated P7,318,946,822.00
worth of damage to agriculture was
incurred in regions I, II, III, CALABARZON,
MIMAROPA, V, CAR, and NCR due to
production losses on farm commodities like
rice, corn, high-value crops, among others.

INFRASTRUCTURE DAMAGE COST (as

of Jan. 13, 2021)

An estimated P12,910,182,003.17
worth of damage to infrastructure was
incurred in regions I, II, III, CALABARZON,
MIMAROPA, V, CAR, and NCR.

A total of 209,170 damaged houses were

damaged (26,510-totally/182,660-partially) in
regions I, II, III, CALABARZON, V, and NCR.
 Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan)

Category 5

Typhoon Yolanda entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) on November

6,2013 and intensified the day after as it continued to move West Northwest towards Eastern
Visayas, maintaining its intensity. On November 8, 203, 4:40 am, Typhoon Yolanda made it’s
first landfall over Guiuan, Eastern Samar. On November 9, 2013, Yolanda weakened as it
continued to transverse over the West Philippine Sea at 3:30 pm and exited PAR. Typhoon
Yolanda was the 23rd tropical cyclone of the year 2013 and the 9th that made landfall. It
intensified at the maximum wind speed of 315 kph near the center with gust of 379 kph
threatening Eastern Visayas the most.

Affected Area Map: Region IV-A, IV-B, V, VI, VII,VIII, X, XI, and CARAGA.
 A total of 3,424,593 families
/ 16,078,181 persons were affected
in 12,139 barangays in 44
provinces, 591 municipalities, and
57 cities of Regions IV-A, IV-B, V,
VI, VII, VIII, X, XI, and CARAGA.
92.04% of the 16M affected person
came from Regions VI (24.09%),
VII (36.76%), and VII (31.19%).

At the height of the typhoon, a total of 1,093,023 families / 5,130,850 persons were
served inside and outside evacuation centers. 90,972 families / 430,041 persons were served
inside 1,687 evacuation centers and 1,002,051 families / 4,700,539 persons outside.

A total of 6,300 individuals were reported dead,

28,688 injured, and 1,062 are still missing. 93.68% of
the total number of deaths, 94.72% of missing and
91.28% of injured came from Region VIII. Most deaths
were due to drowning and trauma.

Classes of schools in all levels, public and private, as well as office work were declared
and announced as suspended in affected areas.

Of all people affected by the typhoon, almost 6 million workers were stripped of their
primary source of livelihood overnight. Of these, 2.6 million were already in vulnerable
employment and living at or near the poverty line even before the super typhoon. Many have
lost everything: their incomes, their homes, their assets with little or no savings to rely on.

According to the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP), in the Municipality

of Coron/Calamian islands there are about 15,000 affected persons among the Tagbanua
population, the tribal affiliation of the indigenous peoples in the area.
The number of damaged houses remained at 1,140,332
houses (550,928 totally / 589,404 partially).

Breakdown of damage costs on different sectors

Infrastructure:

Total estimated damage to

infrastructure is P9,584,596,305.69 and
estimated amount of losses is
P2,614,192,306.24. Damages to transport that
include national and provincial/local roads and
bridges, seaports, airport, flood control, as well
as utilities like water supply systems, power
supply, drainage system and
telecommunications. School buildings, health
facilities, government buildings and agricultural
and irrigation facilities also incurred
considerable damage and losses.

Social:

Total estimated damage to the social

sector is P55,110,825,740.69 and estimated
loss is P6,219,786,649.55. This sector focuses on
the frontline services of the government
towards society/community. This includes three
sub-sectors: housing, health, and education.
Productive:

Total estimated damage to the

productive sector is P21,833,622,975,09 and
estimated an=mount of losses is
P29,530,908,491.00. this sector covers
agriculture, tourism, mining, and industry,
trade and services.

Cross-sectoral:

Total estimated damage to cross-sectoral

is P3,069,023,613.41 and estimated amount of
losses is P4,394,742,578.59. this includes four
sub-sectors: government and DRRRM,
Macroeconomics, social impact assessment
and environment.

The grand total cost of damage in agriculture is P3,305,128,298.29. Total damage in

crops, mainly rice and corn, is cost P481,799,213.09; livestock damage cost 40,481,877.20;
irrigation damage cost 211,500,000.00; HVCC (Mango, Banana, Papaya, Vegetables, Coconut)
damage cost 512,243,238.00; damage in fisheries cost 2,015,674,170.00; and agriculture
facilities/infrastructure/equipment damage cost 43,429,800.00.
 Typhoon Rolly (Goni)

Category 5

At 11:00 am on October
29,2020, “Rolly” entered the Philippine
Area of Responsibility (PAR) and
rapidly intensified into a Typhoon
moving westward. On October 30,
2020, 11:00 pm, Rolly continued to
rapidly intensified nearing Super
Typhoon Category. The next day, Rolly
maintains its strength as it moved
closer towards Bicol Region. Finally, on
November 1, 2020 at 5:00 am, Rolly
intensified into a Super Typhoon and
made its first landfall over Bato,
Catanduanes. On November 2, Rolly
weakens and eventually left PAR on
novermber 3 at 8:00 pm. PAG-ASA
recorded Rolly’s sustained winds of 225 km/h and gusts of up to 310 km/h.

● 1st landfall in Bato, Cantanduanes on November 1, 2020, 5:00 am

● 2nd landfall in Tiwi, Alby on November 1, 2020, 7:20 am
● 3rd landfall in San Narciso, Quezon on November 1, 2020, 12:00 nn
● 4th landfall in Lobo, Batangas on November 1, 2020, 5:30 pm

A total of 522,600 families or

2,030,130 persons were affected in
Regions II, III, CALABARZON,
MIMAROPA, V, VIII, CAR, and NCR. Of
which, 20,398 families or 82,980 persons
were served inside and outside evacuation
centers.

A total of 139,122 families /

504,807 persons were pre-emptively
evacuated in Regions II, III,
CALABARZON, MIMAROPA, V, VIII, CAR,
and NCR.

Meanwhile, 178 COVID patients

and 417 medical/support staff in 11 mega and local quarantine/testing facilities were evacuated.
 There were 25 dead, 399 injured, and 6 missing persons reported in Regions I,
CALABARZON, MIMAROPA, and V. 130,266 people as of November 9, 2020 were displaced
according to NDRRMC

There were 35
incidents monitored in
Regions I, III,
CALABARZON, MIMAROPA,
and V:

Roads and bridges A total of 60 road sections and 7 bridges were affected by
flooding, landslide, and uprooted trees/fallen utility posts in
Region II, III, CALABARZON, V and CAR.

Power A total of 122 cities/municipalities in Regions CALABARZON,

MIMAROPA, V, and VIII were still experiencing power
interruption/outage as of November 11,2020.

Water A total of 32 cities/municipalities in Regions CALABARZON,

MIMAROPA and V were still experiencing water interruption as of
November 11, 2020.

Communication A total of 56 cities/municipalities in Regions MIMAROPA and V

were still experiencing network interruption as of November 11,
2020.

Infrastructure:

There were 170,773 damaged

houses (37,449 totally and 133,324
partially) reported in Regions
CALABARZON, MIMAROPA, V, and CAR.
 A total of P12,867,014,693.78 worth of damage to infrastructure was incurred in Region
I, II, III, CALABARZON, MIMAROPA, V, VIII, CAR, and NCR.

Agriculture:

An estimated P5,008,430,180.00
worth of damage to crops, livestock (rice,
corn, high value crops and abaca),
fisheries, and agricultural facilities was
incurred in Regions I, III, CALABARZON,
MIMAROPA, V, VIII, CAR, and NCR. A
total of 65,897 hectares of agricultural land
was affected. Livelihoods have been lost, particularly of those who depend on farming or fishing
to make a living.

Local government units declared under the State of Calamity:

● Province of Cavite (No. 1618-2020 dated November 1, 2020)

● Mulanay, Quezon (No. 188-2020 dated November 5, 2020)
● Province of Catanduanes (No. 583-2020 dated November 2, 2020)
● Province of Camarines Sur (No. 235-2020 dated November 2, 2020)

Vulnerabilities are increasing. Prior to the typhoon, the proportion of families

experiencing hunger in the Philippines was seriously deteriorating from 8.8 per cent in
December 2019 to a record-high 23.8 per cent (estimated 2.6 million households) by
September, according to the Social Weather System survey. The prevalence of wasting in Albay
and Catanduanes was above 10 per cent, which is double the 2018 national prevalence,
according to government reports. The nutrition status will further deteriorate in an emergency
context.

When Typhoon Goni hit, Bicol Region was still recovering from the impact of preceding
tropical cyclones, including Typhoons Kammuri (Tisoy) and Phanfone (Ursula) that struck a year
ago. Four weather systems preceded Typhoon Goni in October and stretched local coping
capacities. Typhoon Molave, which hit the week before Typhoon Goni, left 29 dead or missing,
injured 39, affected 775,500 people and damaged 52,600 houses. Tropical Storm Atsani (Siony)
affected northern Luzon immediately after, from 5 to 6 November.
 Economic recovery is fragile. The Asian Development Bank forecasts a slow recovery in
the second half of 2020 and a stronger growth at 6.5 per cent for 2021, which is subject to
downside risks such as the resurgence or escalation of the pandemic. Economic recovery for
the Philippines, which will influence the recovery from the typhoon, will also depend on
developments in world trade and the global economy.
 LINDOL

1. October 16, 2019 - Davao/ Cotabato Earthquake

The 6.3 magnitude earthquake shook the

grounds of Cotabato and Davao at exactly 7:37 PM
Philippine Standard Time (PST) on October 16, 2019
(Wednesday). It is said that the epicenter of the
earthquake has a depth of 14.1 kilometers and was
located 22 kilometers southeast of Tulunan, Cotabato.
The earthquake was generated by the movement of a
northwest-trending strike-slip fault in the area.

It was reported that Tulunan, North Cotabato,

M'Lang, North Cotabato, Kidapawan City experienced Intensity VII; Digos City, Davao
del Sur; Sto. Nino, South Cotabato; Tacurong City experienced Intensity VI; Alabel &
Malungon, Sarangani; Lake Sebu, Polomolok, Tampakan & Tupi, South Cotabato;
Koronadal City; Roxas & Pikit, North Cotabato;General Santos City; Davao City;
Kalamansig, Lebak & Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat experienced Intensity V; Kiamba,
Sarangani; Esperanza & Rosario, Agusan del Sur; Kalilangan, Quezon, Kadingilan &
Damulog, Bukidnon; Mawab, Compostela Valley; Cotabato City; Matanog, Barira &
Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao experienced Intensity IV; Santa Josefa, Agusan del Sur;
Iligan City; Dipolog City experienced Intensity III; Butuan City; Zamboanga City
experienced Intensity II; and Hinatuan, Surigao del Sur experienced Intensity I.

As of 3:00 PM PST of October 17, 2019, the

DOST-PHIVOLCS seismic

As of 7:00 AM PST of October 27, 2019, a

total of 870 aftershocks were recorded. Of
which, 468 were plotted and only b, ranging
from magnitude 1.5 to 5.5 and intensity of I to
IV.

On October 16, 2019, minutes after the said

earthquake, a fire incident occurred at the
Gaisano Mall in General Santos City. The
cause of fire is for further validation by the BFP XII. Initially, it was declared under control on
October 17, 2019, 1:00 PM PST. However, at around 6:30 PM PST on the same day, the fire
rekindled and affected the 3rd floor of the mall. Fire-out was declared on October 17, 2019,
10:30 PM PST.
 A total of 35,481 people or 7,303 families were affected in 127 barangays in Region XI
and XII. It was reported that a total of 7 people were found dead and 215 people were injured in
Regions XI, XII, and BARMM. A total of 7, 089 infrastructures in Regions X, XI, XII, and BARMM
were reported damaged.

A total of 39 areas in Regions XI and XII experienced power outage on October 16,
2019. Power supply in all these areas were restored on October 17, 2019, 12:43 AM PST. Also
a total of 46 areas in Regions XI, XII, and BARMM declared suspension of classes and work on
October 17, 2019. But as of October 20, 2019, suspension in all classes and work has been
lifted.
 2. April 22, 2019 Luzon Earthquake

At exactly 5:11 PM PST of April 22, 2019, the island of Luzon was hit by a magnitude 6.1
earthquake. The epicenter is located 18 kilometers east of Castillejos, Zambales with a depth of
10 kilometers.

It was reported that San Marcelino,

Subic, and Olongapo City in Zambales,
Floridablanca, Lubao, Porac, and
Angeles City in Pampanga experienced
Intensity VI; Castillejos and San Felipe
in Zambales, Magalang, Mexico, and
San Fernando City in Pampanga,
Abucay, Balanga, and Mariveles in
Bataan, Malolos and Obando in
Bulacan, Indang in Cavite, Lipa City in
Batangas, Tarlac City in Tarlac, Makati
City, Mandaluyong City, City of Manila,
Quezon City, Pasay City, San Juan City,
Taguig City, and Valenzuela City in
Metro Manila experienced Intensity V;
Meycauayan City, Plaridel, and San
Jose del Monte City in Bulacan, San
Rafael in Tarlac, Rosales and Villasis in
Pangasinan, Itogon and La Trinidad in
Benguet, Baguio City, Kasibu in Nueva
Vizcaya, Gabaldon in Nueva Ecija, San
Mateo and Antipolo City in Rizal, Bacoor, Imus, Maragondon, and Tagaytay City in Cavite,
Nasugbu in Batangas, Caloocan City, Las Piñas City, Marikina City, and Pasig City in Metro
Manila experienced Intensity IV; Marilao in Bulacan, Santo Domingo Talavera, Cabanatuan City,
Gapan City, and Palayan City in Nueva Ecija, Maddela in Quirino, Dingalan in Aurora, Lucban in
Quezon, Santa Cruz and Calamba City in Laguna, Carmona, Dasmariñas, General Trias, and
Silang in Cavite, San Nicolas and Talisay in Batangas, Muntinlupa City in Metro Manila
experienced Intensity III; and Baler in Aurora
experienced Intensity II.

8:00 AM of April 23, 2019, the

PHIVOLCS-DOST seismic monitoring network
recorded 421 aftershocks. As of 5:00 AM PST,
May 3, 2019, a total of 1,097 aftershocks were
recorded. Of which, 128 were plotted and 16 were
felt, ranging from 1.4 to 2.5 magnitude and
intensity of I to III. The 6.1 magnitude earthquake
was said to last for 27 seconds.
 It was reported that a total of 18 people were found
dead, 256 were injured, and 3 were missing in
Regions III and NCR. A total of 18,086 people and
3,630 families were affected in 41 barangay in
Region III. 4,375 houses were damaged wherein
only 1,046 were totally damaged and 3,329 were
only partially damaged in Bataan, Pampanga, and
Zambales (Region III). A total of 739 buildings or
structures were damaged in Regions I, III, NCR,
and CALABARZON. An estimated worth of
539,000,000.00 pesos damage to schools and
damage to roads and bridges was reported
in Regions I, III, CALABARZON, and NCR.

This earthquake was said to be the

cause of the landslide in Mt. Bimmukel, Sitio
Lomibao, Brgy. San Rafael, San Marcelino,
Zambales. The landslide crushed a
six-year-old to death in a mountain village of
San Marcelino Town and resulted around
120 families to evacuate from their homes
to safer grounds.
 3. November 15, 1994 - Verde Island, Mindoro Earthquake

At exactly 3:15 PM PST of

November 15, 1994, a 7.1
magnitude earthquake shook the
Island of Verde, Mindoro. The
epicenter of the said earthquake
was located in the Verde Island
Passage, a strait separating Luzon
and Mindoro.

It is associated with a 35
kilometer-long ground rupture, called
the Aglubang River fault. The
Aglubang River fault, which shows a
right-lateral strike-slip sense of
movement, extends from Malaylay
Island in the north of Oriental
Mindoro to Alcate, Victoria in the
south. Measurements along the
rupture reveal a maximum horizontal
displacement of 4 meters and a
maximum vertical displacement of
1.9 meters.

The magnitude 7.1 Mindoro earthquake was tsunamigenic. The tsunami hit
approximately 40-km of the northern and eastern shoreline of Mindoro island from Puerto
Galera up to Pinamalayan. Also affected by the tsunami were islands north of Mindoro
mainland, namely Verde Island and Baco Islands. Minor oscillation of waves was also reported
at Batangas Bay. Some concrete structures also suffered moderate damage in the tsunami. In
Baco Islands, the vertical run-up reached 8.5 meters (28 ft). The tsunami was also recorded in
Lobo. The tsunami was larger than expected considering the strike-slip movement of the
earthquake.

Areas hardest hit by the tsunami are in Barangays Malaylay, Old Baco, Wawa, and Baco
Islands where at least 6 meters of vertical run-up was believed to have smashed the shoreline,
destroying completely the houses nearshore and leaving at least 41 persons dead, mostly
children and old people. All deaths were due to drowning.

The earthquake generated a ground rupture (at least 35-km long) as a result of
movement along the recently identified right lateral strike slip fault which trends N10°W. Prof.
Kikuchi said that ground rupture propagation from north to south. Although the sense of fault
movement is predominantly strike-slip, there might have been significant vertical components
near the northern terminus that resulted in displacement of the seabed and generated the
tsunami.

The tsunami wave

train formed at least 3 large
waves with varying
magnitude. Most of the
people interviewed claimed
that the first wave was the
strongest and the succeeding
waves were smaller.

The 7.1 magnitude

earthquake affected 13 out of
15 municipalities or a total of
273 barangays in Oriental
Mindoro. As per official report
of the Provincial Social
Welfare and Development Office (PSWDO), about 22452 families were affected. Casualties
numbered 78 confirmed dead and 430 injured. The municipality of Baco sustained the biggest
number of casualties, with 41 confirmed deaths from drowning due to the tsunami that hit the
coastal area of Malaylay, San Andres, Baco. The
capital town, Calapan, has the second most number of
casualties, with 17 deaths from Wawa, also a coastal
area in Calapan. Almost half of the casualties were
children below 10 years old who were drowned.

Some 7566 houses were damaged: 1530 totally or

washed away by tsunami, and 6036 partially. The
municipalities of Calapan and Baco had the biggest
number of totally destroyed houses. However, Naujan
and Gloria had the biggest number of partially
damaged houses with 2204 and 1138 houses
respectively.

Damaged infrastructure include 24 bridges; 8 of which were rendered impassable for

days, isolating villages and towns in the interior. Roads with a combined span of 500 km
likewise sustained damage. With round-the clock emergency work and fast track repairs by the
Provincial Engineering Office, the Provincial Disaster Coordinating Council and the Department
of Public Works and Highways, all the bridges and road connections from Puerto Galera to
Bulalacao became passable to light vehicles by the end of November.
Three major power plants--two in Luzon Grid and one in Visayas--tripped during the
earthquake, causing brown outs on Mindoro Island and parts of Leyte and Samar. Some areas
in Metro Manila also experienced brief power interruption. In Calapan itself, the floating 7.2
megawatt power barge was swept inland by the tsunami. This ran aground 2 kilometers away
from its original location. Power was partially restored in Mindoro before the end of November,
but it took another month before the power situation in the province was normalized.

The total cost of rehabilitating damaged buildings and infrastructures is placed at P5.15
Million.
 PAGPUTOK NG BULKAN

1. 1991 Mt. Pinatubo Eruption

The 1992 Mt. Pinatubo Eruption was the second-largest volcanic eruption of the 20th
century which started to erupt on April 2, 1992 and lasted till September 2, 1992.

Eruptive activity began on April 2 as a series of phreatic explosions from a fissure that
opened on the north side of Mount Pinatubo. Seismographs were set up and began monitoring
the volcano for earthquakes. In late May, the number of seismic events under the volcano
fluctuated from day-to-day.

A small blast at 03:41 PST on

June 12 marked the beginning of a
new, more violent phase of the
eruption. A few hours later the same
day, massive blasts lasting about half
an hour generated big eruption
columns, which quickly reached
heights of over 19 kilometres (62,000
ft) and which generated large
pyroclastic surges extending up to four
kilometres (2.5 mi) from the summit in
some river valleys. Fourteen hours
later, a 15-minute blast hurled volcanic
matter to heights of 24 km (15 mi).
Friction in the up-rushing ash column generated abundant volcanic lightning.

A third large eruption began at 08:41 on June 13, after an intense swarm of small
earthquakes over the previous two hours. It lasted about five minutes, and the eruption column
once again reached 24 km (15 mi). After three hours of quiet, seismic activity began, growing
more and more intense over the next twenty-four hours, until a three-minute eruptive blast
generated a 21 km (13 mi) high eruption column at 13:09 on June 14.

The final, climactic eruption of Mount Pinatubo began at

13:42 PST on June 15. It caused numerous major
earthquakes due to the collapse of the summit and the
creation of a caldera 2.5 km (1.6 mi) in diameter, reducing
the peak from 1,745 m (5,725 ft) to 1,485 m (4,872 ft).

On the same day, Typhoon Yunya, locally named Diding,

struck the island from June 11-17, 1991, with its center
passing about 75 km (47 mi) north of the volcano. The typhoon rains mostly obscured the
eruption, but measurements showed that ash was ejected to 34 km (21 mi) high by the most
violent phase of the eruption, which lasted about three hours. Pyroclastic surges poured from
the summit, reaching as far as 16 km (9.9 mi) away from their origin point. Typhoon rains and
flooding mixed with the ash deposits
caused a messy rain of mud and
massive lahars.

It was reported that 847 people were

killed by the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo Eruption.
About 10,000 people were left homeless
by the eruption and also about 20,000
people evacuated. With a total area of
150 km2 (58 sq mi; 37,000 acres),
numbers of reforestation projects were
destroyed that were valued at 125 million
pesos. Agriculture was heavily disrupted,
with 800 km2 (310 sq mi; 200,000 acres)
of rice-growing farmland destroyed, and
almost 800,000 head of livestock and
poultry killed, destroying the livelihoods
of thousands of farmers. The cost to
agriculture of eruption effects was
estimated to be 1.5 billion pesos.

In total, 364 communities and 2.1

million people were affected by the eruption, with livelihoods and houses being damaged and
destroyed. More than 8,000 houses were completely destroyed, and a further 73,000 were
damaged. Total losses in 1991 and 1992 alone were
estimated at 10.6 and 1.2 billion pesos respectively,
including damage to public infrastructure estimated at 3.8
billion pesos (c. US$92 million, or $173 million today,
adjusted for inflation). In 1991, damage to crops and
property was estimated at $374 million (or $702 million
today), to which continuing lahar floods added a further
$69 million (or $126 million today) in 1992.
 2. 2020 Mt. Taal Eruption

Starting from January 12, 2020 till January 22, 2020, Taal Volcano continued on
erupting.

According to PHIVOLCS director Dr. Renato Solidum seismic swarms began at 11 am

and were later followed by phreatic eruption from Volcano Island Main Crater at around 1 pm
Philippine Standard Time (UTC+8). On January 13, the PHIVOLCS reported that the activity on
its main crater had transitioned into a lava fountain between 2:48 am to 4:28 am. By January 15,
the PHIVOLCS reported that the slightly acidic lake which filled the main crater prior to the
eruption had dried up, which was after confirmed by European satellite observations.[23] On
January 28, the main crater emitted 800 meters of steam according to an 8 am bulletin by the
PHIVOLCS. It was described as a "below instrumental detection", while Alert Level 3 remained
raised.

On January 12, 2020, the Manila International Airport Authority (MIAA) suspended all
flights to and from all terminals of the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) in Manila
following the eruption due to the various hazardous effects of volcanic ash on flight safety. The
MIAA recorded that at least 516 flights from and to NAIA were suspended, with about 80,000
passengers affected. On January 13, operations at NAIA resumed partially from 10 am
onwards, although many flights still remained canceled or delayed.

As of January 20, 2020, activity in the volcano has been characterised by steady steam
emission and infrequent weak explosions that generated ash plumes 500 to 1000 meters tall
and dispersed ash southwest of the Main Crater. For the past 24 hours, the Taal Volcano
Network recorded 673 volcanic earthquakes including 12 low-frequency earthquakes. Such
intense seismic activity likely signifies continuous magmatic intrusion beneath the Taal edifice,
which may lead to further eruptive activity.

A total of 39 people died as a result of this eruption of Taal, although only one reported
case was directly caused by the
eruption on January 12, 2020.
According to the Manila Bulletin,
people either perished because they
refused to follow the evacuation order
or decided to return to their homes, or
died in the evacuation centers of heart
attacks caused by anxiety.

The Department of Agriculture (DA)

reported that the damage to crops
caused by the eruption are estimated
to be ₱3.06 billion ($60.1 million),
covering 2,722 hectares (27.22 km2)
that includes 1,967 animals. Fisheries
in the Taal Lake, consisting of about
6,000 fish cages to capture a total of 15,033 metric tons of fish, suffered losses of ₱1.6 billion
($31.4 million). Kapeng barako and Coffea liberica crops, major products of Batangas and
Cavite, have damages worth at least ₱360.5 million ($7.08 million) for 8,240 metric tons and
748 hectares (1,850 acres) of land. Pineapple plantations in the Cavite towns of Amadeo, Silang
and General Trias lost 21,079 metric tons of pineapple worth ₱527.25 million ($10.4 million).
Rice crops in 308 hectares (760 acres) of fields across Calabarzon were lost, amounting to ₱5.6
million ($109,985), while 5,329 metric tons of corn placed losses at ₱88.9 million ($1.7 million).
The Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation reassured around 1,200 farmers and fishermen in
Batangas that they are insured of a three-year zero-interest survival and recovery loan worth
₱25,000 ($494.13) each, to be
provided by the Mount Carmel Rural
Bank. The DA plans to distribute
materials and mechanisms for crop
and livestock intervention worth
₱160 million ($3.1 million), which
includes 5,000 coffea mother plants
and 1,000 cocoa bean seedlings
from the Bureau of Plant Industry, to
17 local government units in
Batangas. The Philippine Carabao
Center and National Dairy Authority
delivered 1 tonne (15,000,000 gr) of
corn silages and 1.5 tonnes
(23,000,000 gr) of rice straws, a total of 2.5 tonnes (39,000,000 gr) of dietary fiber, to Batangas.