Ce ee cena a Neer \ IE using the dictionary to distinguish between Cee RO ERC CU Reng subordinators and transitions to compare and contr, Ftc ss) c UNIT QUESTION How important is it to write by hand? A Discuss these questions with your classmates. 1. Do you like to write by hand? Why? 2. Why is it important to preserve the skill of writing? 3. Look at the photo. Why are these people writing by hand? Why might this be important to them? © B Listen to The Q Classroom online. Then answer these questions. 1. What are Marcus's reasons for not writing by hand? 2, What are reasons the other students give for writing by hand? Who do you agree with? Why? C Goto the Online Discussion Board to discuss the Unit 4 Question with your classmates. s Scanned with CamScanner>>>> Read an article from an education journal and a SCOUT Cau Ca ea Cee eR Ory SU SLC Uur R Unk a en x Scanned with CamScannera la la (4A a LINO JHL MaIAdud {44 a la 94 D Work with a partner. Read these quotati creative process and discuss the questions. 1. What does each quotation mean? \s about writing and the . Do you agree with the quotations? Check (7) Agree or Disagree. . That which we persist in doing becomes easier, not that the task itself has become easier but that our ability to perform it has improved. —Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) . Here is a golden rule... Write legibly. The average temper of the human race would be perceptibly sweetened, if everybody obeyed this rule. Lewis Caroll (1832-1898) . Energy and persistence alter all things. Benjamin Franklin (1705-1790) It's not the hours you put in your work that ccount, it’s the work you put in the hours. —Sam Ewing (1949-) AGREE DISAGREE E Workin a group and discuss your answers. Explain why you checked ‘Agree or Disagree, UNIT 4 | How important is it to write by hand? Scanned with CamScanneriA eo READING 1 | Two Styles of Writing Eee You are going to read an article from an education journal on two different 144 styles of writing English text, Use the article to gather information and ideas for your Unit Assignment. PREVIEW THE READING A. EEE Think about how you write. What is important to you when you start to write something? Check (/) all the characteristics that you pay attention to. C My handwriting is legible. C1 I write quickly. Cl My handwriting is neat. CO My handwriting looks nice. C0 My handwriting is different from everyone else's. CJ I write using a certain type of pen or color of ink. B. QUAM Think about learning to write the characters in your language and/or the letters in English. Were the characters difficult to learn? Did you ever tear the paper or have trouble making the writing look nice? How is your handwriting now? Write for 5-10 minutes in response. Be sure to use this section for your Unit Assignment. C. (EET Check (/) the words you know. Use a dictionary to define any new or unknown words. Then discuss how the words will relate to the unit with a partner. advocate (v.) legible (adj) alternative (n.) & maintain (v,) & attain (v.) nerve (n.) & by hand (phr) proficient (adj.) distinctive (adj.) stimulate (v.) ensure (v.) & worthwhile (adj) ® Oxford 3000" words (0 online to listen and practice your pronunciation. es coonl | Reading and Writing 95 Scanned with CamScannerWORK WITH THE READING © A. Read the article and gather information about how important itisto write by hand. Two Styles of Writing a child learning to write 1 What does it mean to learn a language? Of course, we need to produce the sounds that make up words, put words together into meaningful units, and understand others who speak to us. To be literate, we also need to read and write. We should be able to write the letters of the alphabet, but with all the other parts of the language that need to be practiced, is it important to learn two ways to write them? 2 Educators have long seen the connection between learning to read and learning to write the letters that make up words. In one study, adults who learned to write a new alphabet with paper and pencil were better able to recognize and remember letters than their counterparts, who only studied the printed letters but did not try to form them. In addition, children develop fine motor skills and control when learning to write by hand. They must pay attention to 96 —_UNIT4 | How important isit to write by hand? the shape of the letters, for example. in order to produce a “d" that is distinct from a “b.” Likewise, they must judge how much pressure to apply so as to avoid poking holes in the paper of accidentally tearing it. They must learn to move their hands and not smudge their work while writing. Also, they need to keep the words in a straight line and pay attention to how the letters are placed with respect to one another. For example, the stem of a “b” rises, while the stem of a “p” falls. 3 Educators also employ tactile’ and kinesthetic? methods to help young children learn to form their letters. Children may trace letters on sandpaper to stimulate nerve endings in their fingers. Similarly, they may use their whole arm and shoulder to write giant letters in the sand or on big pieces of paper. Using these large muscle groups helps to establish important nerve connections between the muscles and the brain. 4 With so many subjects competing for attention, some parents and teachers have raised questions about how worthwhile it is to teach children both to print, to form letters in much the same way as they are seen in books, and to write in cursive, 2 kind of writing that connects the letters of @ word together. Is it worth the time spent on learning both forms, or is it enough to learn just to print, leaving more time for other subjects, such as reading or computer skills? "tactile: related to touch, kinesthetic: related to motion Scanned with CamScanner5 ‘Supporters of learning both forms maintain that cursive writing is faster than printing—an advantage when composing papers or taking notes. Brian Palmer, writing in the online magazine Slate, states that cultures have favored connected script throughout time, and writers will often develop their own distinctive methods of linking letters so as to take advantage of the faster means of forming words. These individual scripts can be problematic for readers, however, so teachers advocate the use of a standard script so as to better ensure legibility. Furthermore, because cursive writing is highly individualistic, it is used as a means to establish identity. Analysts can use handwritten documents to determine whether two samples of writing most likely came from the same person or not. This is useful to historians who find unsigned papers or to police looking at evidence. Yet another reason for continuing to teach cursive writing is that it is part of our culture and, therefore, valuable to link us to our past. Indeed, cursive writing is often seen as a more mature type of writing, and if we want to continue to read historic documents that predate the printing press, we will almost certainly need to continue to teach children this form of writing. Those who disagree with continuing to teach this form are not opposed to cursive writing in itself. They contend that not everyone needs to be proficient in this skill and that there are other solutions to the problems cursive writing addresses. First of all, the neurological benefits of learning to write are developed both with printing and with cursive writing. As long as we continue to have children write with their hands, or do other skills with their hands that involve fine motor control, we will continue to build nerve connections. These benefits do not change. 10 ’ jaa ‘Many people find typing a useful alternative. In addition, even with instruction, children and adults do not always develop legible handwriting. Some people prefer to print and can actually attain writing speeds comparable to those of people writing in cursive. Many people find typing a useful alternative and have increased their speed so that they can take notes comfortably on a computer. Writers themselves have a responsibility to their readers to produce clear texts by printing or typing their words if their writing is illegible. Options also exist for using handwriting as ‘a means of identification. Instead of asking for a signature, a legal paper could carry a thumbprint or a fingerprint. Some people might choose to learn to read and write in cursive much like ome people learn to make clothes, speak Latin, or build houses. These people could be called on to use their skills when an old document needs to be read or when a special document is created. No one seems to be suggesting that we stop teaching children to write by hand, After all, even if we had the technology to replace writing, technology sometimes fails or is unavailable. As with any skill, handwriting needs to be practiced, and schools are under pressure to have time to practice many different skills. The question lies in whether we want to take the time and make the effort to teach children a second, related, form of writing. What do you think? PED | Beading and writing Scanned with CamScanner 7Vocabulary B. Skill Review {In Unit 3, you learned, about prefixes that change a word's meaning and suffixes 1. that change the part of speech. As you learn new words, find out whether you can apply these Prefixes oF suffixes to make related words. 2+ 3. 4 5. 6. 2. 8. 98 (OEE Here are some words and phrases from Reading 1. Read the sentences. Circle the answer that best matches the meaning ofeach bold word or phrase. My computer stopped working, so I wrote my essay by hand. a. using a machine b. easily . with the hand(s) When his heart stopped, the doctors stimulated it to keep him alive a, made up b. made active c. made quiet Your hands are sensitive because you have a lot of nerves in them. a. things that let you move or feel pain b. lines c. shaking All our practice was worthwhile because we won the game, a. useless b. hard work over a long time ¢. good to spend time on or put effort into Some people maintain that writing in cursive is still necessary. a. keep at the same level, b. keep stating that something is true c. keep repaired My teacher identified my distinctive handwriting when she looked at my note. a. different from others b. unpleasant in sound ¢. not loud enough to hear He is going to advocate for a ty a. publically support b. work hard at c. give legal advice to ping class next semester, Her mother ensured that she studied for the test. a. gave money when something happened b. made sure that something happened ¢. found out why something happened UNIT 4 | How important is itto write by hand? Scanned with CamScanner al9. It took hard work to become proficient in writing Chinese script a, able to identify something b. able to support something c. able to do something well 10. A teacher's writing needs to be legible to students. a. legal; able to stand in court b. able to be selected c. clear enough to read 1. After four years, we will attain a university degree. a. putinto b. succeed in getting c. understand 12, We didn’t like our decision, but we didn't like the alternative, either. a. something that you change b. something that you charge c. something that you choose C. Goor e for more practice with the vocabulary. D. Circle the answer that best completes each statement. 1. Some benefits of writing by hand include a. understanding differences in letters and gai b. learning how to tear and poke holes in paper ng musele control c. knowing different ways of writing 2. People disagree about whether —. a. children should learn to write b. adults should learn to identify letters in another language ¢. children should learn to write in two different ways n school 3. Some benefits of writing in cursive are a. itis faster and more legible than printing b. it is more attractive and stimulates more nerves ic ¢. itis faster and individualis 4, People agree that —. a. cursive writing is unnecessary b. children should learn to write by hand ¢. documents should be written by hand | Reading and Writing 99 Scanned with CamScannerE. Each subheading below refers to a main section of the text. Match the subheadings with the paragraph numbers in the box. paragraphs 2-3 paragraphs 5-7 paragraph 4 paragraphs 8-11 1. Benefits of Writing by Hand: —____ 2. Reasons for Teaching Cursive Writing: 3. Explanation of the Problem with Teaching Cursive Writing: 4, Reasons against Teaching Cursive Writing: "» Write T (true) or F (false) for each statement. Then correct each false statement to make it true, 1. People who study letters in print and how to form them by hand learn the alphabet more quickly. Tactile and kinesthetic methods of teaching can develop brain and nerve connections. Brian Palmer states that most cultures through history have preferred printing over cursive writing, 4. Researchers can match a person's identity to a piece of handwriting. 5. Children must learn cursive in order to refine nerve connections and develop good motor skills. iQamm, G. Go online to read Handmade Paper and check your comprehension. qe WRITE WHAT YOU THINK A. Discuss these questions ina group. 1. Have you learned to write in two different ways? Why or why not? 2. Isit more important to learn to write ee by hand or to learn to use a computer 3. Do you think people will always write with pen and paper? Why or why not? B. Choose one question and write a paragraph in response. Lo. Ff - Look your Quick Write on page 95 as you think about what you earn “ UNIT4 | How importantis it to write by hand? Scanned with CamScannerPerlite fsic In Activity A, you have to categorize information from Reading 1. When you categorize information, you ‘an see more clearly how ideas are similar and different. Understanding compare and contrast organization Writers compare and contrast information in order to examine the similarities and differences between two subjects. Comparisons show the subjects’ similarities, while contrasts examine their differences. There are many different ways that texts can be organized when writers compare and contrast information. You can use a simple T-chart to quickly identify and separate the information about the two subjects. For example, look at the paragraph and the chart below. There are a number of differences between printing and writing in cursive. The most obvious is that the letters in print are separate while the letters in cursive writing are connected. Printed letters also tend to be more legible, whereas letters written in cursive tend to be less clear and harder to read. Most children used to learn to write in both styles by the time they were ten years old. Printing Cursive separate letters connected letters more legible less clear; harder to read ‘You can also divide the information further by adding categories or topic areas down the side of the chart. (Look at the chart below.) After you chart the information, you can easily examine the ideas for similarities and differences. A. Reread paragraphs 5-11 of Reading 1 on page 97. Underline the good and bad points about print and cursive. Then write the information in the chart below. Print Cursive Speed Legibility Choice Part of culture BESS) | ecing ns wing 101 Scanned with CamScannerit issed. B. Discuss your chart with a partner and add any points that you misse Do you see similarities and differences in the points? iQam C. Go online for more practice understanding compare and contrast | organization. READING 2 | Haji Noor Deen—A Chinese Muslim Calligrapher EE You are going to read a brief biography of Haji Noor Deen, a famous artist who does calligraphy. Calligraphy is beautiful handwriting that people do with a special pen or brush. Use the biography to gather information and ideas for your Unit Assignment. PREVIEW THE READING A. EERE You will learn about Haji Noor Deen's work as a calligrapher and how he feels about it. What do you expect to learn about his work as a calligrapher? Add three things to the list. why he likes calligraphy B. HUIZENGA Would you want to learn calligraphy? Write for 5-10 minutes in response. Be sure to use this section for your Unit Assignment. c Check (V) the words you know. Then work with a partner to locate each word in the reading. Use clues to help define the words you don't know. Check your definitions in the dictionary. | complement (n.) inspire (v,) craft (n) & recognize (v,) & determination (n.) & talent (n) & essentially (adv) & undertake (v) exhibit (v) unique (adj,) & imagery (n.) & Onlord 3000" words iQamy D. Go online to listen and practice your pronunciation. 102 UNIT 4 | How important is it to write by hand? Scanned with CamScannere WORK WITH THE READING © A. Read the biography and gather information about how important it is to write by hand, HAJ NOOR DEEN—A CHINESE MUSLIM CALLIGRAPHER ‘Today, there are approximately twenty million Muslims in China, and Haji Noor Deen is one of them. Born in 1963 in Shangdong province, China, Haji Noor Deen Mi Guang Jiang is a well-known and respected calligrapher. What makes him unique is that he is a master of Arabic calligraphy. Essentially, his work is a calligraphic technique which combines both Chinese and Arabic scripts. 1 | 2 Of his work Deen has said, “As | a Chinese Muslim calligrapher, I | have a deep sense of responsibility in promoting, propagating, and | carrying forward this intricate skill and precious cultural heritage” He has undertaken the task of not only producing his own style of calligraphy, but also of inspiring others through lectures and workshops. He has taught his craft in lectures and workshops at many prestigious institutions in the U.S. and the UX. such as Harvard University, the University of Cambridge, the University of California, and Boston University. 2 In 1997, Haji Noor Deen was awarded the Certificate of Arabic Calligrapher in Egypt. He was the first Chinese person to be given this jous award. In 2000, Deen taught the first Arabic Calligraphy course at the Zhengzhou Islamic College in China, In 2008, he became the first Chinese student to study traditional Arabic calligraphy when he traveled to Istanbul and studied under two distinguished calligraphers, Shiek Hassan Jalabi and Dawoud Baktash. In an article in ArabNews.com, ‘Afra Naushad names Deen as one of the “top influential Mustims of 2009." Haji Noor Deen Ey | Reading and Writing 103 Scanned with CamScanner| 4 Deen's work has been collected and displayed in museums aronng the world, where he is recognized for being the first Chinese/Arapjig | calligrapher. He has exhibited his work in many countries, including shy | US. (in a San Francisco museum and the Harvard University Museum the U.K. (in the British Museum and the National Museum of Scotland), Ireland, Australia, Canada, and Singapore. In the Middle East, his wor has been shown in the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Kuwait 5 Naushad says, “Most of the pieces of his calligraphic work are creative exaltation’ celebrating the glory of God with the verses of the Holy Quran” Naushad describes Deen's calligraphy as a revival of Islamic creativity and the HajiNoor Deen’s calligraphy role it has played in the preservation of the Quran's message. 6 Deen's website states that some of the most beautiful names of Allah and the imagery of prostration? are presented using a combination of the Chinese and Arabic alphabets. In 2005, a piece of his calligraphy | entitled The 99 names of God was acquired by the British Museum and ently displayed there. work reflects a dedication to the presentation of the unity of Arabic and Chinese cultures. Chinese and Arabic calligraphy are two of the world’s most beautiful styles of writing. They are both opposites and complements. Deen's calligraphy demonstrates that when combined, the result is a writing style of unique beauty. 8 “With determination and perseverance, with my hands and with the | knowledge and talent bestowed on me by Allah the Almighty, | will seek to continue to craft the majestic and aesthetically" pleasing cultural tradition,” Deen said. ¥ exaltation: a feeling of very great joy or happiness 2 prostration: the act of stretching out with o > gesthetical 's face on the ground, often in prayer 104 UNIT 4 | How important is it to write by hand? ~ Scanned with CamScanner10. ll. METEETEET Here are some words from Reading 2. Read the sentences. Tl ae €ach bold word next to the correct definition. You may need '9€ verbs to their base form and nouns to the singular form. I takes many years of practice to perfect the erat of calligraphy. ‘The children’s stories were exhibited in the classroom. ‘They work well to, gether because their methods of working are essentially the same. A good teacher should be capable of inspiring his or her students to do wel, Tbelieve he has the determination to achieve his goals. ‘These two foods are often eaten together because they are complements. ‘They were recognized for their acts of kindness to others. ‘The imagery in the story helped the young readers understand and feel sympathy for the characters. Joshua has always had a talent for math. Ata young age, he could s. patterns and relationships between numbers and was able to understand complex equations. Thave never seen another book like that one. Itis unique. William is going to undertake the task of organizing the stories the students wrote into a book. (n) an activity involving a special skill at making things with your hands (adv) basically; when you consider the most important part of something. (1) to give someone the desire or enthusiasm to do well () a natural skill or ability (7) to agree that you will do somethings to carry out (¥) to show something to the public Ey | Reading and Writing 105 Scanned with CamScannerON (in) the use of descriptions and comparisons in language in order to havea strong elfect on people’ imagination and emotions (1) a thing that goes together well with something else (ad) unlike anything else; being the only one of its type i (1) the continuation of something even though its k. difficult or people say you cannot do it (+) to show that you think something that someone has done is good C. Go online for more practice with the vocabulary, D. Write T (true) or F (false) for each statement. Then correct each false ‘statement to make it true. Write the Paragraph number where you found information to support your answer, Haji Noor Deen... —l 2 . teaches and gives workshops, (paragraph considers calligraphy an important cultural heritage. (paragraph Jearned calligraphy at Harvard University. (paragraph) = has exhibited his calligraphy in museums, (paragraph —_) —___ _ } = is well known in the world. (paragraph) ee —) ee ._ has just retired from calligraphy. (paragraph _) oe 7. was born in China. (paragraph _) eee 106 UNIT4 | How importantis it to write by hand? Scanned with CamScannerE, Number the events in the order in which they occurred. Noor Deen was awarded the Certificate of Arabic Calligrapher n Egypt. ‘The British Museum acquired a piece of Deen’s calligraphy. ame the first Chinese student to study traditional Higraphy. 3. Deen bi Arabic Deen taught the first Arabic Calligraphy course at the Zhengzhou Islamic College. 5. Deen was listed in the “top influential Muslims.” F. Answer these questions to add information to each event in Haji Noor Deen's life from Activity E. 1. What is noteworthy about his being awarded the Certificate of Arabic Calligrapher in Egypt? Se 2. What is the name of the piece of calligraphy in the British Museum? Se 3. Where did he study traditional Arabic calligraphy? ee 4. Outside of China, where has Haji Noor Deen taught calligraphy? oe 5, Where and by whom was he listed in the “top influential Musli eee G. List the reasons why Haji Noor Deen combines the styles of Arabic and Chinese calligraphy in his work, PRBS) | reading anawriting 107 Scanned with CamScannerWRITE WHAT YOU THINK A. Discuss the questions in a group. Look back at your Qui Page 102 as you think about what you learned. ick Write on 1. Why does Haji Noor Deen feel he has a responsibility to promote calligraphy? 2. Isit possible for anyone to learn calligraphy? B. Before you watch the video, discuss the questions in a group. 1. What are three reasons for continuing to teach cursive writing in school? 2. Is cursive writing as important a skill as calligraphy? 3. Is learning cursive a good use of time in school? Are there other subjects that are more important? €. Go online to watch the video about the importance of handwriting. Then check your comprehension. El D. Think about the unit video, Reading 1, and Reading 2 as you discuss the questions. Then choose one question and write a paragraph in response. 1. What are some similarities between English writing and Arabic calligraphy? 2. What are some differences between English writing and Arabic calligraphy? 108 UNIT 4 | Howimportant isit to write by hand? — Scanned with CamScannerFin ‘There are many words that have the same spelling and pronunct ing theldictionary to distinguish between homonyms ered cis veu cule ing the correct meaning meanings. These words are called homonyms. ation but different bank (n.) an organization that provides various financial services My salary is paid directly into my bank. bank (n.) the side of a river and the land nearit She jumped into the river and swam to the opposite bank. Some homonyms may be different parts of speech, for example, a noun with one or more meanings and a verb with other meanings. Advanced dictionaries will ist all the word forms and definitions for th place (n.) a particular position, point, or area This would be a good place for a picnic. place (v.) to put something in a particular place, especially when you doit carefully He carefully placed his hand on his son’s shoulder. n. When using a dictionary to find the correct meaning of a word, itis important to read the entire sentence and consider the use and context. ‘Nt dctionary ens are trom the Oxford Advanced American Okettonry or eamerofEnginh © Oxford Urner Press 2011 A. Look at the dictionary entry for craft. Check (/) the correct information. 1. Craft can be used as: Oo a Oo a 2. Craft can mean: ooo0o00n an adjective craft & shesiroun we fSroun Ye,ilansativi things wih your han 4 aspect sil at maki an adverb asia faernct son AWTS ANDEWAPTS. 2 sng alte sas mreantniar tet efseho anoun lewd heron a lt we wir Seva 3 averb ‘win by cra Tele cea at a Spec sis eope ask etre frightening strange to make togive oto tothe hao verb [osu pussive|~ att make: “ng pari Veh your fads IM ASIHON: A rn natal meets cart FESS | reading ana writing 109 Scanned with CamScannerB. Read the sentences and phrases from Readings 1 and 2. Look up each bold word in your dictionary. Write the part of speech and the correct definition based on the context. Reading 1 (pages 96-97) 1. Children may trace letters on sandpaper to stimulate nerve endings in their fingers. (paragraph 3) 2. Using these large muscle groups helps to establish important nerve connections between the muscles and the brain. (paragraph 3) 3. Supporters of learning both forms maintain that cursive writing is faster than printing. (paragraph 5) 4. Some people prefer to print and can actually attain writing speeds comparable to those of people writing in cursive. (paragraph 10) Reading 2 (pages 103-104) 5, What makes him unique is that he is a master of Arabic calligraphy. (paragraph 1) 6, He has undertaken the task of not only producing his own style of calligraphy... (paragraph 2) 7. ... but also of inspiring others through lectures and workshops. (paragraph 2) 8, ... some of the most beautiful names of Allah and the imagery of prostration . . . (paragraph 6) Qa io online for more practice with using the dictionary to distinguish between homonyms. 110 —_ UNIT4 | Howimportantis it to write by hand? Scanned with CamScanneree | WSUS ATK eencheeneceny >] At the end of this unit, you will write an essay comparing and contrasting two forms of writing. This essay will include specific information from the readings, the unit video, and your own ideas. A compare and contrast essay describes the similarities and differences between two subjects. Comparisons show their similarities, while contrasts examine their differences, Introduction ’ ‘The introduction describes the two subjects being compared and contrasted. It has a thesis statement that explains the relationship between the two subjects or gives reasons why the relationship is important. Body paragraphs ‘There are many different ways to organize the body paragraphs of a compare and contrast essay. Before you write a compare and contrast essay, itis important to decide which organization is best for your essay. Here are two ways to organize your ideas: «+ Ina point by point essay, you choose three or more key points to compare and contrast. Each body paragraph compares and contrasts one key point. ‘This organization can be best when you want to balance your essay evenly between your two subjects. «+ Ina similarities and differences essay, the first body paragraph explains what is similar about the two subjects. The second body paragraph explains what is different about the two subjects. ‘the third body paragraph discusses the most important similarities and differences. ‘This organization can be best when you want to explain why one subject is better than the other subject. Conclusion ‘The conclusion summarizes the similarities and differences and gi opinion about the topic. It can explain why one of the subjects is better than the other or why they are of equal value. the writer's FEY | reading and writing 111 Scanned with CamScannerA. TMT ss Read the model compare and contrast essay. Then answer the questions on page 113. | Writing in the Digital Age ‘As we move more firmly into the digital age, we are writing as much or more with keyboards as with pen and paper. Computers and smartphones are basic equipment in the business community, and students are more likely to have to type their papers than to write by hand. While both methods serve the purpose of putting words into visible text, there are also some important differences. Both handwriting end typing are used to convey. information. They both use the same groups of letters to form words and the same groups of words to form sentences. However, in handwritten text, all of the beauty and the flaws are attributed to the writer, and more F information about the author, especially emotion, can ‘come out. The appearance of handwritten text can change easily with fatigue or excitement, while typewritten words look the same regardless of whether they were produced by a tired author or by a delighted one. Because type is standardized, there are no flourishes or misshapen letters to worry about. ‘Speed is a second factor in writing. Writers like to be able to get their ideas down, in ink or electrons, as they come, moving them from the brain, through the hand, to the paper or screen. Taking notes in a meeting or a class, which requires the writer to process someone else’s ideas, is facilitated by having fluency in writing or typing. Using @ pen and paper requires an author to keep an eye on the words so that they are legible—in a line, not overlapping, not too big or too small. Learning to “touch-type,” on the other hand, frees the writer from looking at the words, so more attention can be paid to the actual ideas. Both types of writing convey information to a reader, whether the reader is 8 stranger, a close friend, or the writer himself. Misspellings, awkward sentences, and incorrect grammar can be found in both handwritten and typed text. It is much easier to get away with an error in handwriting than in print, In handwritten text, a characte can be ambiguous—is that an a or an o?—whereas a choice must be made when 2 keyboard is used. Although a person writing by hand must usually rely on himselt for spacing within and between words, for respecting margins, and for correcting errors. ‘most word processing programs take care of such spacing and layout concems automatically, and some will correct common misspellings and other errors. In short, words convey ideas, whether they are handwritten or typed. They use the same symbols, with some minor variations, and can be produced at varying, speeds. The more personalized handwriting lends itself to showing individualization. paying attention to the skill, and error, while the mechanized writing demonstrates regularity, automatic responses. and a nudge toward corrections. Which is better? ‘That might be in the hands of the writer—or in the eyes of the reader. Either way. we will no doubt have both forms with us for years to come. 112. UNIT4 | Howimportant sit to write by hand? 4 Scanned with CamScanner1, What is the thesis statement? Underline it. 2. How is the essay organized? —_ 3. Why do you think the author organized it this way? ie B. Reread the essay on page 112. Complete the chart with both the similarities and the differences for each key point. Then compare with a partner. Conese eda Anouhl Handwriting { Mia) (ey 1, individualization | beauty and flaws are writers’ same characters; no variety | inshape 2. attention to forms 3. corrections | | | | C. Work with a partner. Complete the chart below. Reorganize the information in the essay into a plan for a similarities and differences essay. Use the chart in Activity B to help you. beauty and flaweare same characters; convey information writers! no variety in shape [ES | reoding and writing 113 Scanned with CamScannerD. You can use the same type of chart to help you brainstorm your ideas Use the chart below to help you think of examples of what you could write about cookir ars ago and cooking now. ay: Similarities and Differences Cuca Or aaae E. Choose another craft or activity you are familiar with. Create a chart for that activity like the one in Activity D. in STU ue ec) 114 _UNIT4 | Howimportantis it to write by hand? | Scanned with CamScannerF. CINE Read the model compare and contrast essay. Then answer the questions on page 116. Do-It-Yourself, Then and Now j Tap, tap, tap. "Ouch!" | had hit my thumb one more time with the hammer, so | decided to take a break from building a new bookcase. | realized that | was actually enjoying working on this project, despite the pain in my thumb, because | liked doing something practical and having something new at the end of the day. | had become part of a trend of crafters making things by hand, not because | they have to but because they want to. In the past few years, do-it-yourself (DIY) | projects have become increasingly popular, but they are different from how they | used to be. In the past, getting food, clothing, and shelter often required having the skills to raise animals and plants for food, to make clothes, and to build and | repair houses and other structures. There were no prepackaged foods, so girls, | mostly, learned to cook. Because ready-made clothes were expensive, girls were ‘taught how to make their own, Both girls and boys tended gardens and animals to supplement their families’ diets, Boys often learned to construct and repair simple furniture and buildings by learning elementary carpentry, masonry, and | plumbing. These skills were necessary to remain fed, clothed, and protected from the elements. Nowadays, on the other hand, people can ~ choose which, if any, of these skills they want to | lear. with more available offthe-shelf products and more disposable income, more people buy food and. clothing rather than making them themselves. They | can move into existing housing and hire someone to do the necessary repairs. Despite all this, there | has been a rise in the number of people learning these skills. Some cite the enjoyment of doing | something practical with their hands, while others | mention the satisfaction of creating, or helping to | create, food, clothing, structures, or other materials by themselves. Furthermore, these skills are not typically divided by gender: Men may cook new types of food, and women may find themselves with a hammer and a blueprint. Learning practical skills, like sewing and woodworking, may not be for everyone, but many people are finding that they enjoy the process of creating their own items, whether a new sweater, an additional closet, or a meal from their own garden. Without the necessity of making many things ourselves, we can enjoy the art and satisfaction of doing things ourselves. Why don't you give it a try? PRBS | reading anawriting 115 Scanned with CamScanner18 C. Complete these sentences using your own ideas. Make sure you use correct punctuation. 1. I don’t enjoy fishing very much. Nevertheless Lenjoy cooking and eating the fish. 2. Although many people enjoy fishing 3, Not many people become professional athletes. Likewise a 4, Professional soccer players often have rigorous training. On the other hand Se 5. [like both soccer and handball. However a 6. Whereas some athletes end their careers early —________ ee 7. Athletes need ambition to succeed. Similarly —____— So compare and contrast. Go online for the grammar expansion. UNIT 4 | How importants it to write by hand? Go online for more practice with subordinators and transitions to _d Scanned with CamScannerUnit Assignment Write a compare and contrast essay In this assignment, you are going to write a five-paragraph essay to think about the Unit Question, “How important is it to write by hand?” Use information from Reading 1, Reading 2, the unit video, and your work in this unit to support your essay. Refer to the Self-Assessment checklist on page 120, Go to the Online Writing Tutor fora writing model and alternate Unit Assignments. PLAN AND WRITE wring QA. EREINSREM Follow these steps to help you organize your ideas. item you brainstorm ideasusing both 1, Work with a partner. Discuss pairs of methods of writing, such as writing point by point chart petiole in Chinese and writing in English or printed Arabic and handwritten Arabic, ee that you think have an interesting or important relationship to each other. will help you discover . . viich owganization 2. Choose the two methods of writing you would like to use as your subject works best for your to compare and contrast. subject, and you may get more ideas. 3. Write points to compare and contrast and similarities and differences for your subject. (Refer to the charts on page 113 to help you organize your ideas.) B. Follow these steps to plan your essay, 1, Look at your ideas from question 3 in Activity A. Decide whether your essay would be best organized as a point by point essay or a similarities and differences essay. iQam 2. Go to the Online Resources to download and complete the graphic organizer for your compare and contrast essay (point by point or similarities and differences). 3. Goto the Online Resources to download and complete the outline for your compare and contrast essay. Qiu « Use your FEY notes to write your essay. Go to iQ Online to use the Online Writing Tutor. 1. Write your essay comparing and contrasting two methods of writing, Be sure to include an introduction with a thesis statement, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. 2. Look at the Self-Assessment checklist on page 120 to guide your writing GR | reading andwriting 119 ‘Scanned with CamScanner_REVISE AND EDIT Qa A. [EEENNSUEN) Read your partner's essay. Then go online and use the Peer | Review worksheet. Discuss the review with your partner. an [EMMI Based on your partner's review, revise, and rewrite your essay. TEE Complete the Self-Assessment checklist as you prepare to write the final draft of your essay. Be prepared to hand in your work or discuss it in class. 1 Does the thesis statement explain the relationship between the two subjects or give reasons why the relationship is important? Is the essay organized using one of the compare and contrast essay types? Oo o o o o o a a Does the essay contain an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion? Does the essay use subordinators and tre ns to compare and contrast? ooo! Did you check the essay for punctuation, spelling, and grammar? {QQ ESEET) 0. HEIEET 0 to the Online Discussion Board to discuss these questions. 1. What is something new you learned in this unit? 2. Look back at the Unit Question—How important is it to write by hand? Is your answer different now than when you started the unit? If yes, how is it different? Why? , 120. UNIT4 | Howimportantisit to write by hand? Scanned with CamScanner| Reading and Writing TRACK YOUR SUCCESS Circle the words and phrases you have learned in this unit. | Nouns \ Verbs Adjectives alternative cos | advocate c= distinctive = | complement 23 attain Oo | legible | craft & ensure @O8 } Proficient determination & | exhibit oma | unique #3 | imagery tus inspire worthwhile nerve & maintain @ 3 Adverb talent & recognize & | essentially & | stimulate | Phrase | | undertake (23 | by hand & Oxford 3000™ words TB Academic Word List Check (V) the skills you learned. If you need more work on a skill, refer to the page(s) in parentheses. READING Ml Ican understand compare and contrast organization. (p. 101) Mote NENA] I can use the dictionary to distinguish between LISP IOTnea ma) tute | GRAMMAR & 'can write a compare and contrast essay. (p. 111) Ue eC CRN en ee and contrast. (pp. 116-117) Pe ee MU UCC RE Ce eee Cored CUT SUPE Koneccne h Siena 121 Scanned with CamScanner