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OC SC Test Test On Transformer

Open and short circuit tests are performed on transformers to determine their equivalent circuit, voltage regulation, and efficiency. The open circuit test involves applying voltage to the low voltage side with the high voltage side open to determine core losses and the shunt branch parameters. The short circuit test involves applying voltage to the high voltage side with the low voltage side shorted to determine copper losses and the equivalent circuit parameters. Both tests involve measuring voltage, current, and power to calculate the transformer's performance characteristics.

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Hiren Vasani
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66 views

OC SC Test Test On Transformer

Open and short circuit tests are performed on transformers to determine their equivalent circuit, voltage regulation, and efficiency. The open circuit test involves applying voltage to the low voltage side with the high voltage side open to determine core losses and the shunt branch parameters. The short circuit test involves applying voltage to the high voltage side with the low voltage side shorted to determine copper losses and the equivalent circuit parameters. Both tests involve measuring voltage, current, and power to calculate the transformer's performance characteristics.

Uploaded by

Hiren Vasani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Open and Short Circuit Test on Transformer

These two tests are performed on a transformer to determine (i) equivalent circuit of


transformer (ii) voltage regulation of transformer (iii) efficiency of transformer. The power required for
these Open Circuit test and Short Circuit test on transformeris equal to the power loss occurring in
the transformer.

Open Circuit Test on Transformer


The connection diagram for open circuit test on transformer is shown in the figure. A voltmeter,
wattmeter, and an ammeter are connected in LV side of the transformer as shown. The voltage at
rated frequency is applied to that LV side with the help of a variac of variable ratio auto transformer.
The HV side of the transformer is kept open. Now with help of variac applied voltage is slowly
increase until the voltmeter gives reading equal to the rated voltage of the LV side. After reaching at
rated LV side voltage, all three instruments reading (Voltmeter, Ammeter and Wattmeter readings)
are recorded.

The ammeter reading gives the no load current I . As no load current I  is quite small compared to
e e

rated current of the transformer, the voltage drops due to this electric current then can be taken as
negligible.
Since, voltmeter reading V  can be considered equal to secondary induced voltage of the transformer.
1

The input power during test is indicated by watt-meter reading. As the transformer is open circuited,
there is no output hence the input power here consists of core losses in transformer and copper loss
in transformer during no load condition. But as said earlier, the no load current in the transformer is
quite small compared to full load current so copper loss due to the small no load current can be
neglected. Hence the wattmeter reading can be taken as equal to core losses in transformer. Let us
consider wattmeter reading is P . o

P  = V   /R
o 1
2
m

Where R  is shunt branch resistance of transformer.


m

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If, Z  is shunt branch impedance of transformer.
m

Then, Z  = V / I .
m 1 e

Therefore, if shunt branch reactance of transformer is X   m

Then, (1/ X )  = (1/ Z )  – (1/ R )


m
2
m
2
m
2

These values are referred to the LV side of transformer as because the test is conduced on LV side of
transformer. These values could easily be referred to HV side by multiplying these values with
square of transformation ratio.

Therefore it is seen that the open circuit test on transformer is used to determine core losses in
transformer and parameters of shunt branch of theequivalent circuit of transformer.

Short Circuit Test on Transformer


The connection diagram for short circuit test on transformer is shown in the figure. A voltmeter,
wattmeter, and an ammeter are connected in HV side of the transformer as shown. The voltage at
rated frequency is applied to that HV side with the help of a variac of variable ratio auto transformer.
The LV side of the transformer is short circuited . Now with help of variac applied voltage is slowly
increase until the ammeter gives reading equal to the rated current of the HV side. After reaching at
rated current of HV side, all three instruments reading (Voltmeter, Ammeter and Watt-meter
readings) are recorded. The ammeter reading gives the primary equivalent of full load current I . As L

the voltage, applied for full load current in short circuit test on transformer, is quite small compared
to rated primary voltage of the transformer, the core losses in transformer can be taken as negligible
here.

Let’s, voltmeter reading is V . The input power during test is indicated by watt-meter reading. As the
sc

transformer is short circuited, there is no output hence the input power here consists of copper
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losses in transformer. Since, the applied voltage V  is short circuit voltage in the transformer and
sc

hence it is quite small compared to rated voltage so core loss due to the small applied volate can be
neglected. Hence the wattmeter reading can be taken as equal to copper losses in transformer. Let us
consider wattmeter reading is P . sc

P  = R .I
sc e L
2

Where R  is equivalent resistance of transformer.


e

If, Z  is equivalent impedance of transformer.


e

Then, Z  = V / I .
e sc L

Therefore, if equivalent reactance of transformer is X   e

Then, X  = Z  – R
e
2
e
2
e
2

These values are referred to the HV side of transformer as because the test is conduced on HV side of
transformer. These values could easily be referred to LV side by dividing these values with square of
transformation ratio.

Therefore it is seen that the Short Circuit test on transformer is used to determine copper loss in
transformer at full load and parameters of approximate equivalent circuit of transformer.

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