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The document summarizes a digital circuits lab experiment on introduction to logic gates. It describes the aim to familiarize with the 7400 NAND gate IC, its characteristics and operation. The materials used include a breadboard, LED, resistor, power supply, 7400 IC and its datasheet. The procedure involves implementing a 2-input NAND gate using the 7400 IC on a breadboard and validating its truth table. It also describes obtaining the voltage transfer characteristic of a realized inverter gate and calculating its propagation delay. Key steps are designing a current limiting resistor for an LED and deriving circuits for other logic gates using only NAND gates.

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UMMANAVENA SUPRAJA
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43 views

Untitled Document

The document summarizes a digital circuits lab experiment on introduction to logic gates. It describes the aim to familiarize with the 7400 NAND gate IC, its characteristics and operation. The materials used include a breadboard, LED, resistor, power supply, 7400 IC and its datasheet. The procedure involves implementing a 2-input NAND gate using the 7400 IC on a breadboard and validating its truth table. It also describes obtaining the voltage transfer characteristic of a realized inverter gate and calculating its propagation delay. Key steps are designing a current limiting resistor for an LED and deriving circuits for other logic gates using only NAND gates.

Uploaded by

UMMANAVENA SUPRAJA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course Name : Digital Circuits Lab Experiment

Studentname:Supraja Ummanavena
Rollnumber : 112101049
Course Name : Digital Circuits Lab Experiment
Title : Introduction to Logic Gates
Exp. 1: Introduction to Logic Gates

AIM:
To become familiar with the NAND gate IC 7400, its characteristics and to understand the operation of
lab experimental setup (signal generators, digital storage oscilloscope etc.)

MATERIALS REQUIRED:
Breadboard, LED, resistor, power supply, 7400 IC and its data-sheet, connecting wires, switches.

THEORY:

IC CIRCUIT:
TIC 7400 is a small scale integration package that contains four dual input NAND gates. 7400 Pin
diagram When using the above IC, pin-14 should be connected to the power supply of 5V and pin-7
should be connected to the ground. Also, for instance, pin-1A and pin-1B are the inputs of a NAND gate
for which output can be observed from pin-3. Similar arrangement follows for the remaining NAND
gates.
Here L indicates the voltage close to 0V and H indicates the voltage close to 5V. The associated
experiment is employed to understand the basic working of a NAND gate, its electrical characteristics and
how other basic gates can be made from NAND gates.
1. Truth table and symbols of all Logic Gates
PROCEDURE:
Experimental Procedure:
1. Before beginning this experiment, first, generate a square wave of amplitude 5 Vand
50Hz frequency from the signal generator. Observe the square waveform on DSO (Digital storage
oscilloscope) and understand the functionalities of various knobs namely:
volts/div, time/div, position, CH1, CH2, measure, trig menu etc. Thus, write the
functionality of each of the knobs.
2. From the datasheet find the maximum output current driving capability of
NAND gate.
3. Find the minimum resistance required to be in series to drive a LED from the
output of NAND gate
4. Implement a 2 input NAND gate logic using 74 series ICs in the breadboard
given as shown in the circuit diagram in Fig.3 and experimentally validate the
NAND gate truth table.
5. Generate two square waves of amplitude 5 V and same frequency, say 50Hz, from
the signal generator. and give them as inputs to the NAND gate. Notice the blinking of
LED
at the output. Introduce phase difference between the input square waves and observe the blinking.

Figure 3: Circuit Diagram

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Fig 3:Design of


the
current
Limiting
resistor of
LED.
6. Connect the output now to a DSO and observe the output waveform. Vary the phase
difference between two input square waves and observe output frequency.
7. Obtain the voltage transfer characteristic of the realized inverter (NOT
gate). 5V
Input to Inverter

Figure 4: Potentiometer
• Vary the input from 0 − 5 V in small steps using POT as shown in the Fig.4.
• For each input voltage, measure the corresponding output voltage.
• To get a fine shape of the transfer curve, take sufficient number of measurements
near the transition region
. Obtain the propagation delay of the realized inverter (NOT) gate.
• Connect the three inverters in a chained fashion as shown in the Fig.5
• Experimentally observe the output waveform in a DSO.
• Calculate the Tpd from the frequency observed and compare it with the propagation delay from the
data sheet.

Fig 5: Inverter chain

Question:
2.What is the maximum output current driving capability of the NAND gate? Ans:The maximum output current driving cap
Question:
3.Design of the current limiting resistor for an LED

4. Circuits diagrams for invertor (NOT), AND, OR, XOR, gates using only NAND GATES.
Question:
- 5 . Expected Transfer characteristics of NOT gate:
*Transfer characteristics mean the relation between output of an electronic system.The Expected transfer characteristic of N

Calculations:
1.) Implementing NAND Gate using IC:
From the Data-sheet:
1.) Maximum output current driving capability of NAND gate: imax = 16 mA
2.) Voltage at the pin (wrt to ground - max): VCC = 5V
Rmin = VCC /imax
= 5 / (16 * 10-3) Ω
= 312.5 Ω
∴ We use a 320Ω resistor.

Output:
It is expected that the Truth Table for NAND gate on IC 7400 matches the actual Truth Table for the
NAND gate.

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