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CPU

The CPU consists of three main components - the memory unit, control unit, and ALU. The memory unit stores instructions, data, and intermediate results and supplies information to other CPU units. The control unit controls the operations of all computer parts but does not process data. It manages data and instruction transfer between memory and other units. The ALU contains arithmetic and logic sections that perform calculations and logic operations respectively. Together these three components allow the CPU to act as the computer's central data processing and control unit.

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Yash Patil
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325 views

CPU

The CPU consists of three main components - the memory unit, control unit, and ALU. The memory unit stores instructions, data, and intermediate results and supplies information to other CPU units. The control unit controls the operations of all computer parts but does not process data. It manages data and instruction transfer between memory and other units. The ALU contains arithmetic and logic sections that perform calculations and logic operations respectively. Together these three components allow the CPU to act as the computer's central data processing and control unit.

Uploaded by

Yash Patil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Central Processing Unit (CPU) consists of the following features −

 CPU is considered as the brain of the computer.


 CPU performs all types of data processing operations.
 It stores data, intermediate results, and instructions (program).
 It controls the operation of all parts of the computer.

CPU itself has following three components.

 Memory or Storage Unit


 Control Unit
 ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit)
Memory or Storage Unit
This unit can store instructions, data, and intermediate results. This unit supplies
information to other units of the computer when needed. It is also known as internal
storage unit or the main memory or the primary storage or Random Access Memory
(RAM).
Its size affects speed, power, and capability. Primary memory and secondary memory
are two types of memories in the computer. Functions of the memory unit are −
 It stores all the data and the instructions required for processing.
 It stores intermediate results of processing.
 It stores the final results of processing before these results are released to an
output device.
 All inputs and outputs are transmitted through the main memory.

Control Unit
This unit controls the operations of all parts of the computer but does not carry out any
actual data processing operations.
Functions of this unit are −
 It is responsible for controlling the transfer of data and instructions among other
units of a computer.
 It manages and coordinates all the units of the computer.
 It obtains the instructions from the memory, interprets them, and directs the
operation of the computer.
 It communicates with Input/Output devices for transfer of data or results from
storage.
 It does not process or store data.

ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)


This unit consists of two subsections namely,

 Arithmetic Section
 Logic Section

Arithmetic Section
Function of arithmetic section is to perform arithmetic operations like addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division. All complex operations are done by making
repetitive use of the above operations.

Logic Section
Function of logic section is to perform logic operations such as comparing, selecting,
matching, and merging of data.

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