10

MATHEMATICS
Guided Learning Activity Kit
The Equation of a Circle
(Quarter 2- Week 8)

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MATH – Grade 10
Guided Learning Activity Kit
The Equation of a Circle
Quarter 2- Week 8

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 The Equation of a Circle

Introduction

This module links the previously learned lesson to our new lesson which is
the equation of a circle.
The equation of a circle is a way to express the definition of a circle on the
coordinate plane. If the center of a circle is at the origin of the coordinate plane, using
the completing the square technique converts the equation to an easier form.
As you go through this lesson, think of this important question? “How does
the equation of a circle facilitate in finding solution to real life problems and making
wise decisions?” To find the answer do all the activities. If you find any difficulty in
answering, seek the help of your family members or refer to the module you studied
earlier.

Learning Competencies
The learner:
• illustrates the center-radius form of a circle (M10GE-IIh-1)
• determines the center and radius given its equation and vice-versa(M10GE-IIh-
2)
• graphs and solves problems involving circles on a coordinate plane

Objectives

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

1. define and illustrate equations of a circle
2. write the equation of a circle in center-radius form (standard form) to general
form and vice-versa;
3. determine the center and radius of a circle given its equation; and
4. graph and solve problems involving circles

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 Review

Directions: Perform as indicated and write the answers on your paper.

A. Determine the number that must be added to make each of the following a
perfect square trinomial. Then, express each as a square of a binomial.

1. x + 4x + _____
2. t + 10t + _____
3. r – 14r + _____
4. r + 22r + _____
5. x – 36x + _____

B. The length of one side of each right triangle below is unknown. Determine the
length of this side.

6. 9.

7. 10.

8.

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 Discussion

Equation of a Circle
A circle consists of all points equidistant from a fixed point called the
CENTER. The constant distance is called the RADIUS.

The equation of a circle is a way to express the definition of a circle on the

coordinate plane. If the center of the circle is at the origin of the coordinate plane,
the equation is x2 + y2 = r2 where r is the radius. When the center of the circle is at
the point (h, k), the equation becomes (x – h) 2 + (y – k) 2 = r2. Circle equations are
often found in the general form of ax2 + by2 + cx + dy + e = 0.

Illustration:

Write the equation of a circle with center at the

origin and with radius 3.

Let P (x, y) be any point on the circle.

Since the distance from the origin to P (x, y) is 3,

√(𝑥 − 0)2 + (𝑦 − 0 )2 = 32

√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 32 Square both sides

𝑥 2 + y2 = 9 Equation of the circle

Using the distance formula and a similar procedure, you can determine the
equation of a circle with center at (h, k) and radius r.

The circle with center (h, k) and radius r has the equation

(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2

The Standard Form of the Equation of a Circle

The standard equation of a circle with center at (h, k) and a radius of r units
is (x – h )2 + (y – k)2 = r2. The values of h and k indicate that the circle is translated h
units horizontally and k units vertically from the origin.

If the center of the circle is at the origin, the equation of the circle is x2 + y2 = r2.
If the center of the circle is not in the origin, the equation is (x – h)2 + (y – k )2= r2.

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 Consider the following examples on how to find the equation of the circle in
standard form.

Suppose circle C lies in a coordinate plane where the center is at the origin.
Let Q (x , y) be any point on the circle and r be the length of a radius. The circle
with center P (origin) and radius r is defined by the condition.

CP = r
√ (𝑥2 − x1 ) 2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 ) 2 =r

√ (𝑥2 − 0) 2 + (𝑦2 − 0) 2 =r

√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 =r

𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = r 2

This is the general equation of a circle in a coordinate plane whose center is

at the origin.

The equation of a circle with center at the origin ( 0, 0 ) and the radius of length r is given by
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲𝟐 = r 2

Let us take circle C as a coordinate plane where the center is any point
other than the origin. If center C has coordinates ( h, k) and again P(x, y) is
any point on the circle with r the length of a radius, then the circle is
defined by the condition
CP = r

√ (x − ℎ) 2 + (y − 𝑘) 2 =r

(x − ℎ) 2 + (y − 𝑘) 2 = 𝑟2

This is the standard equation of a circle in a coordinate plane.

Center - Radius Form or Standard Form

The equation of a circle with (h, k) as the coordinates of the center and a radius of
length r is

(𝐱 − 𝒉) 𝟐 + (𝐲 − 𝒌) 𝟐 = 𝒓2

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Example 1.
Write the equation of a circle with

a. center at the origin and radius 6

b. center (3, -2) and radius 5.

c. diameter whose endpoints are (3, 6) and (9, 2).

Solution:
a. Use the equation of a circle with center at the origin and a radius of
length r = 6.

𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = r 2

𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 6 2 Substitute 6 in place of r

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 36 Simplify.

b. Use the equation of a circle with (ℎ, 𝑘) = (3, -2) and r = 5.

(x − ℎ) 2 + (y − 𝑘) 2 = 𝑟2

(x − 3) 2 + (y − (−2)) 2 = 52 Replace h with 3 and k with -2.

(x − 3) 2 + (y + 2) 2 = 25 Simplify.

c. The midpoint of the diameter is the center of a circle.

3+9 12 6+2 8
x = = or 6 ; y = = or 4
2 2 2 2

The midpoint of the diameter is (6 , 4) which is also the center of the circle.

The radius is the distance from the center point on the circle.
The P1 (3, 6) and center (6 , 4) The P2 (9, 2) and center (6 , 4)

r = √ (6 − 3) 2 + (4 − 6) 2 or r = √ (6 − 9) 2 + (4 − 2) 2

= √9 + 4 = √9 + 4

= √ 13 = √13

The equation of a circle with center ( 6, 4 ) and radius r = √ 13 is

( (x − 6) 2 + (y − 4) 2 = ( √13 )2 or

(x − 6) 2 + (y − 4) 2 = 13

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Example 2:

Find the center and radius of each circle.

a. (𝑥 + 4)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 64

b. x2 + (y + 9 )2 = 81

c. x2 + y2 - 4y = 0

Solution.

a. The circle is written in standard form with ℎ = 4, 𝑘 = 2 and r = √64 or 8.

Hence, the center of a circle is ( -4, 2) with radius 8.

b. The equation can be written as (𝑥 − 0) 2 + (y − (−9)) 2 = 92

So, the center of a circle is ( 0,-9) with radius 9.

c. By completing the square,

x2 + ( y 2 – 4y + 4) = 4

( x - 0 )2 + ( y - 2 )2 = 22

h k r

Thus, the center is at ( 0, 2 ) and the radius is 2.

Example 3:

Graph each circle whose equations are

a. (x + 2 )2 + ( y – 3 )2 = 16.

b. (𝑥 − 2)2 + 𝑦 2 = 9

Solution:

a. First, rewrite the equation in the form

( x – ℎ )2 + ( y – k )2 = r2 . _____________

If ( x – (-2) )2 + ( y – 3 )2 = 42 , then h = -2, and

k = 3, and r = 4.

The center is ( -2, 3 ) and the radius is 4.

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 b. The equation can be written as
(𝑥 − 2)2 + ( 𝑦 − 0 )2 = 32

So, the center of the circle is ( 2, 0 ) with

radius 3.

The General Equation of a Circle

The general equation of a circle is x2 +y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0, where D, E, and F
are real numbers. The equation is obtained by expanding the standard equation of
a circle, (x – h) 2 + (y - k) 2 = r2.

(x – h) 2 + (y – k) 2 = r2 (x2 – 2hx + h2) + (y2 – 2ky + k2) = r2

x2 – 2hx + h2 + y2 – 2ky + k2 = r2

x2 + y2 – 2hx – 2ky + h2 +k2 = r2

x2 + y2 – 2hx – 2ky + h2 + k2 – r2 = 0

If D = -2h, E = -2k, and F = h2 + k2 – r2, the equation

x2 + y2 – 2hx – 2ky + h2 + k2 – r2 = 0 becomes x2 + y2 +Dx +Ey + F = 0.

Example 4:

Write the general equation of a circle with center C (6, -2) and a radius of 8
units. Then, determine the values of D, E, and F.

Solution:

h=6; k=-2 and r=8

(x – h) 2 + (y – k) 2 = r2 substitute the value of h, k and r

[(x – 6)] 2 + [(y + 2)] 2 = 82

(x – 6) 2 + (y + 2) 2 = 64 multiply square of binomial using special

products

(x2 – 12x + 36) + (y2 + 4y + 4) = 64 rewrite as general equation x + y + Dx + Ey

+F=0

x2 + y2 - 12x + 4y + 36 + 4 – 64 = 0

x2 + y2 -12x + 4y – 24 = 0

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∴ The general equation of a circle with center C (6, -2) and radius of 8 units is
x2 + y2 – 12x + 4y – 24 = 0. The value of the following is: D = -12; E = 4 and F = -24
Example 5:

Write the general equation of a circle with center C (-3, -5) and a radius of 5
units. Then, determine the values of D, E, and F.

Solution:

ℎ = −3; 𝑘 = −5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = 5

(x – h) 2 + (y – k) 2 = r2 substitute the value of h, k and r

[(x – (-3)] 2 + [(y – (-5)] 2 = 52

(x + 3) 2 + (y + 5) 2 = 25 multiply square of binomial using special

products

(x2 + 6x + 9) + (y2 + 10y + 25) = 25 rewrite as general equation x + y + Dx + Ey

+F=0

x2 + y2 +6x + 10y +9 + 25 – 25 = 0

x2 + y2 + 6x + 10y + 9 = 0

∴ The general equation of a circle with center C (-3, -5) and radius of 5 units
x2 + y2 + 6x + 10y + 9 = 0. The value of the following is: D = 6; E = 10 and F = 9
Example 6:

Find the equation of a circle in general form whose center is at (1,3) and
passing through the point (-3, 1).

Solution:
The equation of a circle can be determined since the center and radius of the
circle are given. Thus, find the radius first using the distance formula. Hence, we
have:

Step 1:

Find the radius of a circle using the distance formula: Let the center C(1,3) and
point on the circle P((-3, 1). So, we have

𝑟 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2

𝑟 = √(−3 − 1)2 + (1 − 3)2

𝑟 = √(−4)2 + (−2)2

𝑟 = √16 + 4

𝑟 = √20

𝒓 = 𝟐√𝟓

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Step 2: Substitute the value of radius and the center C( h, k ) in the
form(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘 ) = 𝑟 2 . Hence, we have

(𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = (2√5)2 Since, C(1,3) and 𝑟 = 2√5

(𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = 20 Simplify (2√5)2

Step 3: Transform the equation of a circle in standard form to general form.

Hence, we have

(𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = 20
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 + 9 = 20 Multiply the binomials
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 9 + 1 = 20 Arrange the terms
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 10 − 20 = 0 Combine similar terms
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 − 6𝑦 − 10 = 0 Equate to 0

Therefore, the general form of the equation of a circle is

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 − 6𝑦 − 10 = 0

Finding the Center and the Radius of a Circle Given the

Equation
The center and the radius of a circle can be found given the equation. To do
this, transform the given equation to its standard form (x – h) 2 + (y – k) 2 = r2 if the
center of a circle is (h, k), or x2 + y2 = r2 if the center of the circles is the origin. Once
the center and the radius of a circle are found, its graph can be shown on the
coordinate plane.

Example 7: Find the center and the radius of a circle x2 + y2 = 100.

Solution:
The equation of the circle x2 + y2 = 100 has its center at the origin. Hence, it
can be transformed to the form x2 + y2 = r2.
x2 + y2 = 100 x2 + y2 = 102

The center of the circle is (0, 0) and its radius is 10 units.

Example 8: Determine the center and the radius of the circle.

(x + 3) 2 + (y – 5) 2 = 49

Solution: The equation of the circle (x + 3) 2 + (y – 5) 2 = 49 can be written in the

form (x – h) 2 + (y – k) 2 = r2.
(x + 3) 2 + (y – 5) 2 = 49 (x + 3) 2 + (y – 5) 2 = 72

The center of the circle is (-3, 5) and its radius is 7 units.

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Example 9: What is the center and the radius of a circle?
x2 + y2 –8x –12y -29 =0?

Solution: Write the equation in standard form (x – h) 2 + (y – k) 2= r2

x2 + y2 - 8x – 12y -29 = 0
x2 + y2 – 8x – 12y = 29 Combine like terms
(x2 – 8x) + (y2 – 12y) = 29 Complete the expression to make it a
perfect square trinomial

(x2 -8x +___) + (y2 – 12y + ___) = 29 + ___+___

Note: To get the third term (square of one-half the coefficient of x and y)

1 8 1 12
(−8) = − = (−4)2 = 16 (−12) = − = (−6)2 = 36
2 2 2 2

(x2 – 8x + 16) + (y2 – 12y + 36) = 29 + 16 + 36

(x2 – 8 + 16) + (y2 – 12y + 36) = 81 Factor perfect square of trinomial

(x – 4) 2 + (y – 6) 2 = 92

∴ h = 4, k=6 and r = 9

The center of a circle is at (4, 6) and its radius is 9 units.

Example 10: What is the center and the radius of a circle x2+y2+14x– 4y+43 = 0?

Solution: Write the equation in standard form (x – h) 2 + (y – k) 2= r2

x2 + y2 +14x – 4y + 43= 0

x2 + y2 +14x – 4y = - 43 Combine like terms

x2 + y2 +14x – 4y = - 43 Complete the expression to make it a

perfect square trinomial

( x2 + 14x +___ ) + ( y2 – 4y + ___ ) = -43 + ___+___

Note: To get the third term (square of one-half the coefficient of x and y)
1 14 1 −4
(14) = = (7)2 = 49 (−4) = = (−2)2 = 4
2 2 2 2

(x2 + 14x + 49) + (y2 – 4y + 4) = -43 + 49 + 4

(x2 + 14 + 49) + (y2 – 4y + 4) = 10 Factor Perfect Square of Trinomial
(x + 7) 2 + (y – 2) 2 = (√10)2

∴ ℎ = −7, 𝑘 = 2 and 𝑟 = √10

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 The center of a circle is at (-7, 2) and its radius is √𝟏𝟎 units.

Example 11: Transform the equation of a circle defined by the equation

9x2 + 9y2 + 72x + 18y + 99 = 0 to standard form. Give the coordinates of the center
and the radius of a circle.

Solution:

9x2 + 9y2 + 72x + 18y + 99 = 0 Divide all the terms by 9

9𝑥 2 9𝑦 2 72𝑥 18𝑦 99
+ + + + =0
9 9 9 9 9

x2 + y2 + 8x + 2y + 11 = 0 Combine like terms

(x2 + 8x) + (y2 + 2y) = -11 Complete the equation to make it a perfect
square of trinomial

(x2 + 8x + __) + (y2 + 2y + __) = -11 + __ + __

Note: To get the third term (square of one-half the coefficient of x and y)
1 8 1 2
(8) = = (4)2 = 16 (2) = = (−1)2 = 1
2 2 2 2

(x2 + 8x + 16) + (y2 + 2y + 1) = -11 + 16 + 1

(x2 + 8x + 16) + (y2 + 2y + 1) = 6 Factor Perfect Square of Trinomial

(x + 4) 2 + (y + 1) 2 =(√6 )2 Standard Form

∴ h = -4, k= -1 and r = √6

The center of a circle is at (-4, -1) and its radius is √𝟔 units.

Circles Determined by Geometric Figures on the Coordinate

Plane
Example 12: Find the points of intersection of the circle (𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 4
and the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2

Solution:
Step 1: Substitute 𝑥 + 2 for y in the equation of a circle and simplify
(𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 4
(𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑥 + 2 − 1)2 = 4
(𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑥 + 2 − 1)2 = 4
(𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑥 + 1)2 = 4
𝑥 + 6x + 9 + 𝑥 2 + 2x + 1 = 4
2

2𝑥 2 + 8x + 10 − 4 = 0
2𝑥 2 + 8x + 6 = 0
𝑥 2 + 4x + 3 = 0

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 (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 1) = 0
𝑥 = −3 ; 𝑥 = −1
Step 2: Substitute 𝑥 = −3 and 𝑥 = −1 in the equation of the line, we have
If 𝑥 = −3, then If 𝑥 = −1, then
𝑦 = 𝑥+2 𝑦 = 𝑥+2
𝑦 = −3 + 2 𝑦 = −1 + 2
𝑦 = −1 𝑦=1

Hence, the points of intersection are (-3, -1) and (-1,1).

Example 13: Find the points of intersection of (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 1 and

(𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 + 1)2 = 4.

Solution:
Step 1: Find the points of intersection algebraically. Transform each equation into
general form and solve the system by subtracting the equations of the
circles.
• Circle 1: (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 1 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4 = 0
• Circle 2: (𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 + 1)2 = 4 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 6 = 0
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4 = 0
− 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 6 = 0
−2𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 2 = 0
or 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 1 = 0
𝑥 = −2𝑦 − 1

Step 2: Substitute the expression −2𝑦 − 1 for x in either of the equation of a

circle. You can use either the standard form or the general form. Let
us take the general form of the equation of circle 1, we have

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4 = 0
(−2𝑦 − 1)2 + 𝑦2
+ 4(−2𝑦 − 1) − 2𝑦 + 4 = 0
4𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + 1+𝑦 2 − 8𝑦 − 4 − 2𝑦 + 4 = 0
5𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 + 1 = 0
(y − 1)(5y − 1) = 0
1
𝑦=1 ; y=
5
1
Step 3: Substitute 𝑦 = 1 and y = in the equation of the line 𝑥 = −2𝑦 + 1, we have
5

If 𝑦 = 1 , then If y =
1
, then
5
𝑥 = −2𝑦 − 1 1
𝑥 = −2 ( ) − 1
𝑥 = −2(1) − 1 5
𝑥 = −2 − 1 −2 (-1, -1)
𝑥= −1
𝑥 = −3 5
−2 − 5
𝑥=
5 (-3, -1)
−7
𝑥= 5

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 −𝟕 𝟏
Hence, the points of intersection are (-3, 1) and ( 𝟓 , 𝟓).

Step 4: Sketch the graph of the circles in one coordinate plane. Find first the
center and the radius of each circle. Since, the equation of the circle is
already expressed in standard form, then we have,

Circle 1: (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 1 C(-2,1) 𝑟=1

Circle 2: (𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 + 1)2 = 4 C(-3,-1) 𝑟 = 2

(-3, 1) (-2, 1)

−7 1
( 5 , 5)

(-3, -1)

Example 14: A circle defined by the equation (𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 5 is tangent to a

line at the point P(-5, 6). What is the equation of the line in slope-
intercept form? Sketch the circle and the line on one coordinate plane.

Solution:
To determine the equation of the line, we need to find the slope of the
line containing the radius of a circle joining the center and the point of
tangency. After which, determine the negative reciprocal of the slope since
a tangent line is perpendicular to the radius of a circle drawn at the point
of tangency. Then, use the point-slope to find the equation of the line and
eventually express it into a slope-intercept form.

Step 1: Find the center and radius of a circle.

Equation: (𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 5 C(-3,5) and 𝑟 = √5

𝑦2 −𝑦1
Step 2: Determine the slope of the line using the formula, 𝑚 = . Use the
𝑥2 −𝑥2
coordinates of the center C(-3,5), and the point of tangency P(-5, 6) to find
for the slope.
C(-3,5) and P(-5, 6)

𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚=
𝑥2 − 𝑥2
6−5
𝑚=
−5 − (−3)
1
𝑚=
−5 + 3
1
𝑚=−
2
1
The obtained slope is 𝑚 = − thus, the slope of the line tangent to the
2
circle at the point of tangency P(-5,6) is 𝑚 = 2.

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Step 3: Determine the equation of the line using the point-slope form
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ). Use 𝑚 = 2 and P(-5,6).

𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑦 − 6 = 2[𝑥 − (−5)]
𝑦 − 6 = 2(𝑥 + 5)
𝑦 − 6 = 2𝑥 + 10
𝑦 − 6 = 2𝑥 + 10 + 6
𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 16

Hence, the equation of the line tangent to the circle defined by the
equation (𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 5 at point P(-5, 6) is 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔.

Step 4: Sketch the graph of a circle and the line.

• Equation of the circle: (𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 5, center at C(-3,5) and 𝑟 = √5
• Equation of the line: 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 16 , slope 𝑚 = 2 and y-intercept 𝑏 = 16

Example 15:
Mobile phones work through phone signals transmitted by a tower to another
via satellite. A cellphone company wants to build its tower in Zambales so that they
can provide good service to multiple communities in the province. Suppose three
communities are modelled by the points A (-2,-1), D(-3,-4) and R(1,-2), and each unit
is equal to 50 km. Determine the location of a tower equidistant from the three
communities and write the equation of a circle.

Solution:
Graph ∆𝐴𝐷𝑅. Construct the perpendicular bisectors of the two sides to
locate the center which is the location of the tower. Find the length of the
radius and use the standard form to write the equation of a circle.

Step 1: Graph ∆𝐴𝐷𝑅 on the coordinate plane and construct the perpendicular
bisectors of the two sides, 𝐴𝑅 ̅̅̅̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷𝑅
̅̅̅̅ . The two perpendicular bisectors
intersect at (-1, -3), which is now the coordinates of the center of a circle.
Hence, the center of a circle is at C (-1, -3)

A
R

Step 2: Find the length of the radius 𝒓 of the circle using the coordinates of the center
and any point of the three points given. We use C(-1, -3) and A(-2,-1)

14 | P a g e
 𝑟 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
𝑟 = √[−2 − (−1)]2 + [−1 − (−3)]2
𝑟 = √(−1)2 + (2)2
𝑟 = √1 + 4
𝑟 = √5
Step 3: Find the equation of the circle using the standard form of the equation of
the circle (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2 where C(-1, -3), and 𝑟 = √5
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2
[𝑥 − (−1)]2 + [𝑦 − (−3)]2 = (√5)2
(𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 + 3)2 = 5

Therefore, the equation of the circle is (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 + 3)2 = 5.

Step 4: Determine the location of the tower.

P(-5, 6)

C (-3, 5)

The location of the tower is at the center of a circle which is at the point (-1,-
3) and this is √5 units from any of the three communities. If each unit in the
coordinate plane is equal to 50 km, then the distance of the tower from any of the
three communities is 50√5 km or approximately 112 km.

Example 16:
The Zambales Provincial Disaster and Risk Reduction Management
Committee (ZPDRRMC) advised the residents living within the 12 km radius critical
area to evacuate due to eminent eruption of Mount Pinatubo. On the map that is
drawn on a coordinate plane, the coordinates corresponding to the location of the
volcano is at P(2, 5).
a. If each unit on the coordinate plane is equivalent to 1 km, what is the
equation of a circle enclosing the area?

b. Suppose you live at point (-5, -9), would you follow the advice of the
ZPDRRMC? Why?

Solution: Graph a circle on a coordinate plane then find the equation of a circle.

15 | P a g e
Step 1: Draw a circle in a coordinate plane with a radius of 12 km and center
at (2, 5) which is the location of the Mount Pinatubo.

Step 2: Find the equation of a circle using the standard form (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2
where C(2, 5), and 𝑟 = 12
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2
(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = (12)2
(𝑥 − 2 )2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 144
Therefore, the equation of a circle is (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 144
Step 3: Plot the point P (-5, -9) and determine if it is outside or inside the critical
area.

Since the location of point (-5, -9) is outside the critical area, we will
not evacuate.

16 | P a g e
 Activities

Guided Practice 1
Directions: Determine the missing part of the given figure then write the answers
on your paper.

1. 2. 3.

Hint: a2 + b2 = c2

B. What is the equation of the graph shown below?

y
1. 2.

17 | P a g e
 3.

Guided Practice 2
Directions: Perform as indicated and write the answers on your paper.

A. A general equation of a circle is given, transform the equation to standard form.

1. x2 + y2 - 2x - 8y – 47 = 0

2. x2 + y2 + 4x – 4y – 28 = 0

3. x2 + y2 + 10x + 4y – 3 = 0

4. 4x2 + 4y2 – 20 x + 12y – 2 = 0

5. 3x2 + 3y2 – 12x – 6y – 30 = 0

Hint: The standard form of a circle is (x – h )2 + (y – k)2 = r2.

B. Write each equation of a circle in general form.

1. (x – 2) 2 + (y – 4) 2 = 36

2. (x + 4) 2 + (y – 9) 2 = 144

3. (x + 6) 2 + (y - 1) 2 = 81

4. (x – 8) 2 + (y + 7)2 = 225

5. (x + 4) 2 + (y + 4) 2 = 32

Hint: General form of a circle x2 + y2 – 2hx – 2ky + h2 + k2 – r2 = 0.

18 | P a g e
Independent Practice

A. Determine the equation of a circle having the following properties.

1. The center is the origin and the radius is

a. 4 b. 7

2. Center is at the origin and contains the point

a. ( 0, 4 ) b. ( 3, 5)

3. Center and radius respectively are

a. (2,5), 4 b. ( -3, 0 ), 6

4. A diameter with end points ( 5, 8) and ( -1, -4 ).

5. Tangent to the y axis and the center is at ( 5, 8 )

B. Determine the center and radius of each circle:

6. x2 + y2 =16

7. ( x -2 )2 + y2 = 13

8. x2 + y2 -9 = 0

9. 9x2 + 9y2- 25 = 0

10. ( x + 4 )2 + ( y – 5 )2 = 36

C. Solve the following problems.

1. A particular cellphone tower is designed to service a 12-mile radius. The

tower is located at (-3, 5) on a coordinate plane whose units represent miles.

a. What is the standard equation of the outer boundary of the region

serviced by the tower?

b. Is a cellphone user at (0, 8) within the service range?

2. Solve the following.

a. Determine the center and the radius of a circle with an equation of x2 + y2

+ 8x -2y – 8 = 0.

b. In the circle whose equation x2 + y2 = 49, a chord is perpendicular to a

diameter at the point ( 0, 4 ). Find the length of the chord.

c. Write the equation of the circle tangent to both the x and y axis, given that
its radius is 3 and its center is in the fourth quadrant.

19 | P a g e
 Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write the answers on your
paper.

1. Determine the equation of a circle with the center at origin and a radius of 6
units?

a. x2 + y2 = 35 c. x2 + y2 = 24

b. x2 + y2 = 36 d. x2 + y2 = 25

2. What is the radius of a circle given the equation x2 + y2 = 324?

a. 12 c. 15

b. 17 d. 18

3. Find the equation of a circle with center at (-6, 4) and a radius of 12 units.

a. (x + 4) 2 + (y – 6) 2 = 12 c. (x + 6) 2 + (y – 4) 2 =144

b. (x – 6) 2 + (y – 4) 2 = 144 d. (x + 6) 2 + (y – 4) 2 = 12

4. Which of the following is the general form of the equation (x – 2) 2 + (y – 4) 2 = 36?

a. x2 + y2 – 4x – 8y – 16 = 0 c. x2 + y2 – 4x – 4y – 16 = 0

b. x2 + y2 – 2x – 8y – 16 = 0 d. x2 + y2 – 4x – 8y – 36 = 0

5. Given the equation x2 + y2 + 12x – 2y – 54 = 0, find the center of the equation.

a. (-6, 1) c. (6, -1)

b. (-1, -6) d. (1, 6)

6. Determine the equation of a circle with center at ( -4, 0 ) passes through the
point ( 2,1 )

a. (x – 2) 2 + (y – 2) 2 = 30 c. (x + 2) 2 + (y + 2) 2 = 32

b. (x – 2) 2 + (x + 2) 2 = 34 d. (x + 4) 2 + y 2 = 37

20 | P a g e
7. Find the equation in the given graph.

a. (x + 2) 2 + (y – 2) 2 = 16

b. (x - 2) 2 + (y – 2) 2 = 16

c. (x + 4) 2 + (y – 4) 2 = 16

d. (x – 4) 2 + (y – 4) 2 = 16

8. Which of the following is the equation of the given graph?

a. x2 + y2 = 6

b. x2 + y2 = 16

c. x2 + y2 = 36

d. x2 + y2 = 24

9. What is the equation of a circle if the end points of the diameter are (-6, 2) and
(6, -2)?

a. (x – 2) 2 + (y – 2) 2 = 40 c. x2 + y2 = 32

b. (x – 2) 2 + (x + 2) 2 = 34 d. x2 + y2 = 40

10. If the equation of the circle is x2 +y2 = 36, which of the following points lie on
the circle?

a. A = (-8, -5) c. C = (-6, 0)

b. B = (0, 8) d. D = (7, 0),

For STEP Only

Solve the following problems. Show your solution.

1. Determine the points of intersection for the circle x2 + y2 - 4x + 2y - 20 with the

line: x + 7y – 20 = 0

2. Find the area of the ring formed by the circles whose equations are

(x + 4)2 + (y – 3)2 = 25 and (x + 4)2 + (y – 3)2 = 100.

21 | P a g e
3. Does point A (5,4) lie inside or outside the circle x2 + y2 = 36?

4. Calculate the center coordinates and radius of the circle.

x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y – 12 = 0.

5. Calculate the equation of a circle which is centered at the point of intersection of

the lines x + 3y + 3 = 0 and x + y + 1 = 0 and its radius is equal to 5.

6. A triangle with vertices A = (0, 0), B = (3, 1) and C = (5, 7) is inscribed in a circle.
Find the equation of this circle.

Reflection

Directions: Answer each question intelligently and concisely. Write your answers
in one whole sheet of paper.

1. How are circles used in real life situation? Give at least three examples that
show the use of circles in daily living.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

22 | P a g e
 2. Why is circle important in our life? What would the world be like without
circles? Justify your answer.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. How do you find the standard equation of a circle?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

References

Ulrich, J.F. (1984). HBJ Geometry. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. United States
of America. (2020)

Calanta M., et al.(2015) Mathematics Learner’s Module Grade 10. Rex Book Store,
Inc. 5th Floor Mabini Building, DepEd Complex, Meralco avenue, Pasig City. (2020)

Oronce O.A., Mendoza M.O.(2010) E-Math Geometry. Rex Book Store, Inc. 856
Nicanor Reyes, Sr., St., Sampaloc, Manila. (2020)

Lopez, A.G., Recio, R. R., Anatacio, T. M., Quan, R. M., and Belecina, R. R. (2014).
Conceptual math and Beyond 10. Brilliant Creations Publishing, inc. Bonanza
plaza 2, Block 1, Lot 6, Hilltop Subdivision Greater lagro, Novaliches, Quezon city.
(2020)

https://adamaths.com/graphs/thecartesianplane/6.png

http://cdn.thinglink.me/api/image/698586835487555586/1024/10/scaletowidth
/0/0/1/1/false/true?wait=true

http://eteamscc.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Coordinate-plane.jpg

https://wikieducator.org/images/c/c8/Cartesian-Plane.png

https://dr282zn36sxxg.cloudfront.net/datastreams/f-
d%3A842137a1d911b6ef6040c3998ee8dc74c48819337fda82546e87b831%2BIMA
GE_TINY%2BIMAGE_TINY.1

23 | P a g e
 24 | P a g e
Assessment
Review
1. B
1. 4
2. D 2. 25
3. C 3. 49
4. A 4. 121
5. A 5. 324
6. D 6. 5
7. B 7. 12
8. 12
8. C
9. 2√13
9. D
10. 4√5
10.C
Guided Activity 1
A. 1. 5
For STEP only. 2.17
1.P (-1, 3) (6,2) 3. 10
2. A=235.62 B.1. x2 + y2 = 9
3.The point (-5, 4) lies outside the circle 2. (x – 2)2 + (y – 2)2 = 9
4.C= (2, 3) r = 5 3. (x – 4)2 + (y – 3)2 = 16
5.X2 + y2 +2y – 24 = 0 Guided Activity 2
1 43
6.X2 + y2 + 𝑥 + y=0 A.
4 4
1. (x – 1)2 + (y – 4)2 = 64
2. (x + 2) 2 + (y – 2) 2 = 36
3. (x + 5) 2 + (y + 2) 2 = 32
5 3 21
4. (x - ) 2 + (y - ) 2 =
2 2 4
5. (x – 2) 2 + (y – 1) 2 = 15
B.
1. x2 + y2 – 4x – 8y – 16 = 0
2. x2 + y2 + 8x – 18y – 47 = 0
3. x2 + y2 + 12x – 2y – 44 = 0
4. x2 + y2 – 16x + 14y – 112 = 0
5. x2 + y2 + 8x + 8y = 0
Independent Activity
A.
1. a. x2 + y2 = 16 b. x2 + y2 = 49
2. a. x2 + (y -4) 2 = 2 b. (x-3) 2 + (y -5) 2 = √34
3. a. (x -2) 2 + (y – 5) 2 = 16 b. (x +3) 2 + y 2 = 36
4. a. (x – 3) 2 + (y – 6) 2 = 2√2
5 a. (x -5)2 + (y – 8)2 =25
B.
6. C (0, 0) r = 4
7. C ( 2,0) r = √13
8. C ( 0, 0 ) r = 3
5
9. C ( 0,0) r =
3
10. C ( -4, 5) r =6
C.
1a. (x + 3)2 + (y – 5)2 =144
b. No
2a. C (-4, 1) r = 5
b. C (0, 0) r = 7, the length of the chord is 4
c. (x – 3)2 + (y + 3)2= 9
Key to Corrections
 Acknowledgment
The Schools Division of Zambales would like to express its heartfelt gratitude
to the following, who in one way or another, have contributed to the successful
preparation, development, quality assurance, printing, and distribution of the
Quarter 2 Guided Learning Activity Kits (GLAKs) in all learning areas across grade
levels as a response to providing the learners with developmentally-appropriate,
contextualized and simplified learning resources with most essential learning
competencies (MELCs)-based activities anchored on the principles of guided learning
and explicit instruction:

First, the Learning Resources (LR) Development Team composed of the writers
and graphic artists for devoting much of their time and giving their best efforts to
produce these indispensable learning kits which will be used for the implementation
of learning delivery modalities.

Second, the content editors, language reviewers, and layout evaluators who
made up the Division Quality Assurance Team (DQAT) for having carefully evaluated
all GLAKs to ensure quality and compliance to DepEd standards;

Third, the Provincial Government of Zambales, for unceasingly extending its

financial assistance to augment the funds for the printing of these learning resources
to be used by learners and parents at home;

Fourth, the teacher-advisers and subject teachers, in close coordination with

the school heads, for their weekly distribution and retrieval of the GLAKs and for
their frequent monitoring of the learners’ progress through various means; and

Finally, the parents and other home learning facilitators for giving the learners
the necessary guidance and support for them to possibly accomplish the tasks and
for helping them become independent learners.

To deliver learning continuity in this challenging circumstance would not be

possible without your collective effort and strong commitment to serving our
Zambaleño learners.

Again, our sincerest gratitude towards you all!

The Management Team

 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division of Zambales

Zone 6, Iba, Zambales
Tel./Fax No.: (047) 602 1391
E-mail Address: [email protected]
Website: www.depedzambales.ph