1

Statistics in Management Studi

Lo ~r
594
0.6 0.8 .cal Probabi\i
~
0.2 0.4 I
~
a
0.1554 0.2258 0.2881 0.3413
.
---....... i xatflple What
22: In
is
Area 0.0793
----..... ~ eloW 82.
11.

[U.P.T.U. 2002] ,o
l kon: LetX
tJ.1-a.

Solution : We are given thatµ = Rs. 36000' a= Rs. .t000O hat

(i) We are required to find P (X > 40000). TraIJsfomung

XtoZ, we get 'md

0 2
X _µ 40000 - 36000 = 400 = _ = 0.40 rhe locations of t
z = -(1- = 10000 10000 5 :orresponding rel
l .
Thus, we have to find P (Z > 0.40), which is >1gure.
= 0.5 - 0.1554 == 0.3446 :..,___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.........,~~ l.,1nce thevalue
Thus the number of firm the sales of which were over Z=O Z = 0.40 brdinate at mea1
Rs.40000 Fig. 24 hegative.Thus, fa
= 0.3446 x 50 = 17 approx.
I . 42
Z=-
(ii) We are required to find P (30000 ~ X ~ 40000). Transforming X to Z, we get
Z _ 30000 - 36000 = 6000 = 0.6; md
1 8~
- 10000 10000 Z=-
Z _ 40000 - 36000 = 4000 = 0.4
2
- 10000 10000 using the given :
P (0.4 ~ Z ~ 0.6) = 0.2258 - 0.1554
= 0.0704
Thus, the number of firms having sales between Rs. 30000 Z=O Z = 0.40 Z = 0.60
and Rs. 40000 Fig. 25
= 50 x 0.0704= 4approx. Prom table A in
Which is 8% of 50 firms.Thus, 8% of business firms, the sales of which were likely tc> range between .z = 2.3
Rs. 30.000 and Rs. 40000. 1
Example 21 : The monthly mess bill of a student whp is staying in the hostel follows a normal fhus, from (iii)
distribution with a mean ofRs. 2000 and a standard deviation of Rs. 185. What is the probability that in
the next month his bill will go above Rs. 2400 ? [U.P.T.U. 20091
Solution : We are given thatµ = Rs. 2000
and a= Rs. 185
We are required to find P (X> 2400) fhus, we have
· Transforming X to Z, we get
z=X- µ = 2400 - 2000
a 185 Subtractin g
400
= - == 2.16 Z=O Z = 2.1 6 Hence
185
Fig. 26 '
Thus, we have to find p (Z > 2.16) which is
P(Z > 216) = 0.5 - .4846
= 0.0154 Thus, the mea:
 s
=bi:::lity=::D=is·~tn-bu ti on
::;e.o::re::ti::ca=JP=rob=a
T/l:;..
7
-
x -µ
CT
0 .2 5

0. 09 87

ar e g iv e n th atµ==so 0 20
so tu d o n : We ' ===
e re q u ir ed to flIn d P (X
(i) We ar ' •. W e
< 30 ). For th IS
sform X to Z by
rran X
- so - -2 0
z = --=.!:. == 3 0 20 - 2- 0 == - I
cr
ir ed p r ob ability
Thus .the re q u
f
P(Z < -1 ) = A
re a to th e le ft o the orct·mate a tz === - I
3 z == -1
= 0 .5 - 0 .3 4 1
z
1) = 0 .1 5 8 7
. .
f em p l oyees whose ore was les
The n u m b er o 4 3 . m ean sc
87 = 1 s th an 30
= 9 0 0 x 0 .1 5 ( :ipp ro x.
p
(ii) We are re
quired to find 7 forming x to
X > o). Trans
Z, we get
z _ 7 0 - s o =· l
- . 20
(Z > l)
P (X > 70) = P

-
z
1)
mberrothf em
The .ngure a te a n
ployee
70
= 0.1587
= 0 .5 0 0 0 - 0 .3 4 1 3s who
se mean score w
as
Z=O
Fig. 2 2
Z=l

0 0 x 0 .1 5 8 7
= 1 4 3 approx ·
... = 9 · ].
We
•
to fi n d P [30 < X < 70
(m ) re q m re d
Transfonni agre·x to Z, w e g e t
n
50- 1 · z 7 o -· so = 1
- 3 0 -- = ' 2 = 20
Z1 - - -2 0
1)
p (L1 $ z$ Z 2) = P (- 1 $ Z $ Z = -1 Z=O Z=l
= 0 .6 8 2 6 Fig. 2 3
= 0 .3 4 1 3 + 0 .3 4 1 3
h o se m- ean scores were
·f y e e s w ·
The num•b e r O emplo
:.betw
Z) een 3 0 a n d 70 les of the ,iO busi
ness
2 6 = 6 1 4 at the average sa
= 9 0 0 X 0 .6 8 officer in a district has reported th s. d. ofRs. 10000, Assuming that the
les _tax 6000 with a
'zr,
to 6
sl . t
e 2 0 : The sa
dealt w
a es m those busi
ith during last ye
ness firm
(iJ the r,.umber oifbusi n
s
e
w
ss
er
firm
e
,
ar a
n
s
orm
the
mounted to Rs. 3
ally distri.butftd,
sales o f w hi
find -
.ch were over Rs. 40000
were likely to range between Rs. 30000 and
Rs.

sines s fi rm s the sales of which

(ii) the percen
tage o f bu

40000. V
 roba bili ty
·ca I P
Statistics in Management Studiea
~
59'2 - . = : ; . ; - - ~ ~. . . . .
.
(iii) p (2 < Z < oo) IS th
e shad ed area in fig.
17
.
~-µ
::;..- -
6

p (2< Z < oo)

Thus, P(0< z <2)
- p (0 < z < 00 ) -
• We are .
- (Fro m table A) zution .
= 0.5000 - 0.4 772 O 2 xz so e requ in
-oo we a.r
=0.0 228 . Fig. 17 Sha ded are a= P (2 < Z < 00) (i) X to Z by
a.nsform
(iv) The shad ed area m -o•
. fia 18 repr esen ts
--
- -
-
- -
-
- tr X- µ
Z= =-
P(- oo < Z < 1). Thus, cr

P(-o o< Z < 1) Thu s the requ

= p (- oo < z < 0) + P(0 < z < 1) p(Z < - l) =Ar ea
= p (0 < z < 00) + p (0 < z < 1) ' Z=OZ=l Z = 0.5 -
-oo
(Fro m Tabl e A) Fig. 18 Sha ded area = p (- oo < Z < 1) = 0.15 t
= 0.5000 + 0.34 13
The num ber
l) f':") p (-- 2 . 0 < Z < 1.2) .
=
0.84 13. e , n l' P(l • 1 < Z < 2. = 900 :
Exa mpl e 18 : For a standard van.a ble Z Ji dri)
lll

esen ts (ii) We are requ irec

l ti•on .• (1') Shad ed, area in fig. 19 repr
Sou
P(l. 1 < Z < 2.l).
z, we get
70-
Thus, Z =-
2(
P(l. l < Z < 2.1)
P(X > 70) =
=P( 0< z < 2.1 )-P (0< Z< 1.1) = 0.50
(Using table A) Z=O 1.1 2.1Z
= 0.4821 - 0.36 43 The .num ber
Fig. 19 Sha ded area = P (1.1 < Z < 2 ·1> grea ter
= 0.11 78.
= 900
(Ii) Shaded area in fig. 20 is (iii) We are re
P(-2 .0< Z < -1.2 ). Ther efor e, Transforming X to
30-
P(-2 .0< Z < 1.2) Zi = -
2
=P( -2.0 < Z < 0)- P (- 1.2< Z < 0)
p (L 1 S Z $
=P (0 < Z < 2) - P (0 < Z < l.2)
= 0.3,
· [By sym men y]
,-2.0 -1.2 O Z :. The num ber of
= 0.47 72 - 0.38 49 0 < Z < -1,2 ) betw een 30 and 7'
Fig. '20 Sha ded are a= P (-2.
, , = 900
= 0.09 23.
in which r.
d on 900 employees of the Metro tyres limited ~e20:Tr.
Exa mpl e 19 : An aptitude test was conducte info rma
th
tion, you are requirPa to ~td ea ltw ~l
s.d. of 20. On the basis of this
meanerscore was found to be 50 with sales in those busir
answ the following questions :
n score was less than 30 ? (i) the number <
(i)
(ii)
-
What was the number of employees whose_.mea
.
What was the number of employees whose mean
scot~ exceeds 1q ?
· ,- ·
(ii) the percentaJ
40000.
score was between 30 and 70 ?
(iii) What was the number of employees whose mean
 . fi
5aJJ1Plin8 Theory and Tests of S1gni
cance
--- --- --- - 645
'Jbus, from (i),
t == (67.8 - 66) Jfo . ------------~
-:::: l.89
3 .011
AJsq from table C in the appe ndix t • ' , It I = 1. 89
so the calcu lated valu e ofltl < t , "-1 (0.02s):::: 9
t
there is no signi fican t e .d 9 (0.02 5) w (o.ois) = 2.26.
, e accept
ence a • ce and conclude that
&atnSr the hYJ>oth ~ o at 5%level of significan
VI
conf iden ce limi ts
es1s that population mean is 66".
.) 90% conf iden limi"
(I ce ts ofµ are

I x ± t9_(0.0S) ~
. rn or 67.8 ± 1.83 3.01 1
. J (10)
or 67.8 ± 1.74
or (660 06 and 69.5 4 inches)
(ii) 95% confidence limit s forµ are
x ± t9(0 .025 ) ~
rn or 67.8 ± 2.26 X 3.01 1
J (10)
or 76.8 ± 2.15
Example24 :Asa mpl eof 11 rats from a centr or <65 ~~5 and 69.9 5 inches) _
alp z • osity of3.9 0 with
. opu anon had an average bloo dvisc
a S.D. of 0.60 . On the basis of this samPle, establish . s~ty. of central
· · fiorµ, t h e -mean
95%0 zimits . bloo d vzsco
iJ population.

I Soluti.on : The 95% conf iden ce limits forµ are

s
I -+ tn
X - -1 (0.0 25) - ·
. 'Jn
... (i)

In_thepresent exam ple, we are give n that _n = 11,x

= 3.90 ands 2 = (1/n).l: (x _ x)2 = (0: 6o)2 ..Thus,
nce as
w,s first find the valu e of an unbi ased estimator of population varia
,I"" ~ ( X- X-) 2 =·- n' -S
1 (.,,
S 2 - = --., J k2, . 11 2
=- X (0.60 ) = 0.39 6
" n- l n -1 '10 ·

S = 0.6293.
Putting the valu es in (i), one gets
0.6293 ; As t 10 (0.025) = 2.23 (Table C)

or
3.90 ± 2.23

3.90 ± 0.42
X Tr"i1'
v (11)
or (3.4 8 and 4.32 )
I
lation has an average x = 32.8 and a
Example 25 : A random sample of size 20 from a normal popu
S.D.:::.'s =4.51. Does this suggest that the population mea
nµ _= 30 ?

H µ. = µ o =30 againSr Hi : µ µ o =30 · *

lution : Here wish to test O
:·

S= [[n: ls]= (m x 4.51 = 4.75

O
Now, the test statistic for teSring H is
,. ,4Ylii@0A 1 1:w:;
 . 5 the test stati stic is
= µ o = 43 · •
For testm g Ho: µ
.x-µ o
t = - - ~ ten -Od. f.
s1Jn -
satnP lin& The

' fhUS, {rom

Putti ng the valu es, we have 43.S - - 2 X 4 - - 2 66 I ti= 2.66

41.5 - - - .
t - 3
- 3/J( 16)
,.iso frotn
Also, the cable valu e oft for (n - l) = 16-
1 = 15 d./. at 5% leve l i.e., tisC ?-02 5)::: 2.13
at S% ~ \ sotb e_ca l
e ltl > ~15 (0.0 25), sow ~ reJe ct Ho
railed test from table C). The calc ulate d :'1lu
of 43.5 mches as pop ulan on mea n is not valid.
~ e 1SEn
ther-~d
significance and conc lude that the assu mpu on
CoIP-690
Con fide nce limi ts (i)
The 95% conf iden ce limits for popu latio n mea
n are :
S 3
_ 41.5 ± 2.1 3-
x ± t 15 (0.0 25) r or
4
vn 0

41.5 ± 1.6 or (39 .9 and 4.3 1 inch es). C

or
om from a pop ulat ion and the heights are Jo
(ii)
Exa mpl e 2S : Ten individuals are chosen at rand
In the ligh t of these data , discuss the su.gges~dtn\
in inches 63, 63, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 70, 71 and 71. on ti\
popu latio n is 66 inches. .

:J
the mea n heig ht in the
confidence limi ts for this mean.
If the population mean is unkn own : obtain 90% and 95%
s0 lu. : For testing
tton the;~:· •· H 0 : µ = 66', the statistic i~
£XOI
a SJ
...~ p op1
t= s1.r n~t cn- 1
sol
S.No .
1
X

63
d (x . 67)_

-4
-4
-
·d2
16
16
- 1n
2 63
3 66 -1 1 \w
I - 0
4 67 I 0 I

5 68 . 1 - 1
6 69 2 4
I

7 70 3 9
8 , 70 3 9
.
;
9 71 ! 4 ;
16
10 ·71
(; 4 16
n. 10 Id 8 :td2 = 88
. -
.. - =a+ -!.d -- 6;..,,,, + -8 = 67 8
X
..· n_ ,,... 10 ·

S= [~ ~ 1-{ra2 _crf)2] = 1 { (8)2 }]

[ 10 -1 88 -1 0
= ✓ (9.066) = 3.011
 . LCt tJJ rDrJ
1e C )

t--- 1 - - ), 'I) -b
has a~ :
,,
:: 3 0 .

1
I

,
•
 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _s~~- .

wing calculations
,rable sb'"':.o=.:.....=,..-----:- --r-
- 2 sample 2 (y)
(%-%'~)'.-----1--- --,--~ "fhe<>IY and T e
61 ,..,ftlpl~
22s
66 l) ~ - -·-
:) .r00\ues in (i)
100 ...-.ng v.-
67 ~, fO'I.I>""
-10 16 -10
85 \ critical value
65 -4 1 8 ,, ,Jso tbe ted at 5% \ev
71 -1 78 1 i.S 3 cceP Y be as!
1 ~ •ances ma
74 1 49
63 -14 ~ pte 56 : The J
16 7 85 8 ~~ f o r a number '
100
82
10 86 9 \ ~ 19 2
85 144
12 88 11 ~ B 26
87
91 14
~111 can it be in/erred
I.y =770 0
0
1:(X - X)2 = 636 tey,r," s~ificance.
Ix=600 l:y 770 t sotution : As ~
_ LX _ ~ == 75; y=-=-=77
n2 10 d,rawing the nee1
x---
- n1 8 saJilPles are obst
_ x) 2 636 _ worket'S A and E
2
_:.: L(X ==--90.86
.St - n1 . - 1 8_- 1 'fhUS, we wish t
r
2 :._, l: (y - y)2 == 1200 = 1~)~3a g .,. 1 •~ To test Ho, the
S2 - n _1 10 - 1 --- .- ~~
1
Since, s? > sl; the F-statistic in (i) will be written as
2
F == ~ ~ Fv v ; d. f. V1 = (n2 - 1), V2 = (n1 -1)
2 1• 2
S1 unitsprodu
by A(xl
= 13~.33_~
19
90.s6 Lo/ \! 1

22
The critical value of F for v1_=9 and 'v2 =7 and a.= 0.0~ is F9,7 (9_.0~, =~8 [See ialitl
Appendix]. ~ ·, ,), - .. 24
Now, since, calculated value of F < F9 7 (0.05),H O is accepted at 5% level of 51 27
conclude that, in the light of given data,' tJ}e population variances may be assumed equal. 24
Emmple 55 : Given the following infonnation about two samples dr;awn from two nonnal popli 18
n1 = B, :E (x - x) = 94.5, n 2 =10 and I (y - y) 2 = 101.7
2
20
Test th_e equality of two population variances. · t 19
Solution : Let us up the null hypothesis H . a 2 _ 2 . t H . a 2 > c?. To test Ho,
. . . o• 1 - a 2 agams 1. 1 2
statistic IS

F:f
s~ I.x
Here s21 = l:(x - x)2 94.5
---=--
n1 -1
=-
7
= 13.5 ...
s? = I.Cy - Y) 2 101.7 _
n2 - 1 = 9 - 11.3
~ ~ _ _ _ _ _ __ r

. fb e o ry
a n d 't e s ts f Si&nifi
o - ·===;_;_,__ . ·11
~\ ' --- <ance - . . l W
~ \ itJPJjJIS -
nal i t y 0 f . . d te stm g s1tuanon
,r o f e q t\.v-o ~0 Pu1ati . , the seco n
tl\ I'
11 ere ed
· 1 th e chaPte
11
o n V a
'
nanc .is d 1scussecj be]gw· .
IJ~
~ i,vi,: ctlss
...
l" ti tl e 'Analysis o f v a•~ n a n c e .' , - -
O I e q u J· s -· - - -
cJiS a t y o. f ~ o P o P u la f io n
•ib
rest g t- d is tr Ution fi testi I f . "ariances b . e po.pu/a tion
J.i,e .PPJ y int be d. o l" . ng - :: µ th on w as t h a t
.
th
·Je a e q ua1. F is tl ib Ution is o ·./.l.1 :::: ,c •ssump.tj 0n varianc ·
es
w/1(i1allc e s m u s
s <U ll for a s / ' a
.°
in in
ag sth ty o fp o pu la t1
••. , x n 1
be a Useq en e equa 11 2 ) and Y
y
ftl Pie o f si ze 11 f: n, th nonna1 (µ , . ' y n2
s i z I ro e P o p u lation N 0I I ' 2' ..
,,.,,r xIl., s a m p
x ' le
rmation we
2 o th 1
e n2 fro Ill a n e r norn, ) •

be a
o th e r • 2
~
Ho · 0 1 " ' o th
. al P op u l a .
t1on N (µ 2
2 • 0 2 • Us in g th is in fo
. to rest
c a l c u l a t e e statistic
fl!Sh flO . we
s2
ro rest • F::::-!_
2
:::: . s2
s2 , (s1 2)
2 ... ( 1 7 )
l
s12 - -n1--l :1( x
--)2
x anct s i ::
. 1
_-2
·
; ;2 --- 1- t ( y Y )
.
where . o n o f F-stc1.t.istics .
. . u t i F With
i b In O 7 ) is
t r _
mpling d i s v a r i a n c e . ·
"1 -- ( n1 - 1 ) and v
(n2
ee o f
- IJ degr om
tqh
,, The sa s a n o ~ , larger 15 taken In t h e n ) 2 -
rator of (tiI o7n ~ ~ • de?<•••
of freed
-eedom. A · is t k U !J le
¼1 t. ~o th1s a n a n c e
v l. The or rejec a nd e r :
"' espondi ng L' a e n as v] f • / c c e p t a n c e i 01s decided su
COiii •
s t H o : o I "'
o
2
ii
against
I • cr1
level of sio
-n
> a 22 at ex
if
ance, then if
ou -C
e t e
(a) In case w Fs F ~
(rv) ; Ace. e PtHo
ula te d .
ri' Calc v 1 , v 2
. .
F (a) ReJect H g
be d F >
l•J
(ii) Calc
u l a t e
/1• v2
a g a i n s
,
t H . -2
..
0 < cr 2 a t ex level , th
en if
t Ho : 0'1 == cr~ I · 1
:a e teS a ) . ·A
(b) In case w ept H
2
(i) Calcu
late d F ~ F v
1, 2
1
, -(1 _
a) ; R
, · cc
eject H ° .
1
< F v ,, v (1 - 0
lev e l of • .fi f
'O
(il) Calcu
lated F 2
ns 1 t H : cr f
; t 2 at
0 2
a
s1 g m cance, then 1
== a~ a g a i a /2 ) •' Acc
eptH 0
F ~ FV1, V2
H O : o } ( 1 -
test
(c) In case we ,
) or Reiect .H 0
v (W '2 I - a /2 ) ·' J s of
Ca lcu la te d F $ F v
1, 2 o r F < 1• 2 F.v v (
c e an d v a nd v degree
(i) ) ican ·
v v 2 (W'2 vel of signif 1 respec2tively.
'I
t~ d F > F s tic s a t a le nd 0 .0 1
o f F - stati
\
(ii) Calcu
la 1'
for a = 0.05
a
ti c a l v a lu e le E a n d F I
'·
(a) is the
cri ned from ta
b
j where, F, v b e o b ta i
iie se v a l u es can m pl e s . !h e da ta informatinn, test
freedom. 'T some exa ul~tio_~- Fr
om
. We conside r following om two nificance normal pop . ·
e drawn fr level ! szg
samples ar e same variance at 5%
0
s 54 : Two
/Jxample o samples have th 85 87
ether the tw 6 82 91
wh 74
7
86
88
65 71 85
Sample 1 60 78
63 a,tbeteSr
_ 85 2 0'2 · TotestH
66 67 "2 > 1
61 a 2 againstH1 : 0
_. _ Sample 2 .
_
.. <r12 - 2
othesis Ho ... (i)
e s e t up the null hyp
.
Solution : F irst w
statistics is : 2 ·2 52
Here,S1 >
~ .M.,.-_ 5\0
-
I
~
-
O:: • l'50 . f,f ~

.
~'
I
"() ,....- 7•

65j- I '

~ ~ -~µ
.,
~

{oo
,,,, --- 1, c; '~,31 P _ 4 ,,.3 'i

- y. {,
' I

{~ ld
~
 Appendix II : Statistical Tables
AREAS Table-A
under the
srANDARD NORMAL CURVE
from 0 to z (shaded ar'!a)
z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Z O - 8
Z
9
0.0 0.0000 0.0040 0.0080 0.0120 0.0160 0.0199 0.0239 0.0279
o.tt 0.0398 0.0438 0.0478 O.l'l5I, ·o.0557 0.0596 0.0636 0.0675
0.0319 0.0359
0.2 0.(,)793 0.0832 0.0871 0.0714 0.0754
0.0910 0.0948 0.0987 0.1026 0.1064
0.3 0.1179 0.1217 Q.1255 O. ll03 0.1141
0.1293 0.1331 0.1368 0.1406 0.1443 0.1480 0.1517
✓().4 0.1554 0.15?1 0.1628 0.1664 0.1700 0.1734 0.1772 0.1808 0.1844 0.1879
0.5 0.1915 '0.1950 ' 0.1985 0.2019 0.2054 0.2088 0.2123 0.2157 0.2190 0.2224
0.6 0.2258 0.2291 0.2324 0.2357 0.2389 0.2422 0.2454 0.2486
I I

0.2518 0.2549 I

\\/.: : _·: ~\(

0.7 0.2580 0.2612 0.2642 0.2673 0.2704 0.2734 0.2764 0.2794
. :'·.~,
0.2823' 0.2852
0.8 0.2881 0.2910 Q.2939 0.2967 0.2996 0.3023 0.305i 0.3078 0.3106 0.3133 I '
0.9 0.31°59 0.3186 0.3212 0.3238 0.3264 0.3289 0.3315 0.3340 0.3365 · 0.3389
1.0 0.3413. 0.3438 0.3461 0.3485 0.3599 . 0.3621 ; I
0.3508 0.3531 0.35~4 0.3577
te l.l 0.3643 0.3665 0.3(>86 0.3708 0.3729 0.3749 0.3770 0.3790 0.38!0 0.3830
I

: ,,
I

1.2 0.3849 0.3869 0.3888 0.3907 0.3925 0.3944 0.3962 0.3980 0.3997 0.4015
1.3 0.4032 0.4049 0.4066 0.4_~~2 0.4099 0.4115 0.4131 0.4147 0.4162 ,0.4177 1/
1.4 0,4192 ·. 0.4227 0.4222 0.4236 0.4251 0.4265 0.4279 0.4292 0.4306 0.4319
• 1.5
1.(>
0.4332 0.4345 0.4357
0.4452 • o:4463 0.4474
0.4370
o:4484
0.4382
0.4495
0.4394
0.4505
'·
0.4406
.0.4515
0.4418
0.4525
0.4429
0.4535
0.4441
0.4545_
I
I
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'!1 J
1

11

1.7 0.4554 0.4564 0.4573 0.4582 0.4591 0.4599 0.4608 0.4616 0.4625 0.4633 : ;, '

0.4641 0.4649 0.465.6, 'J.:4§§4 0.4671 0.4678 0.4686 0.4693 0.4699 0.4706 I 'I
1.8
0.4744 0.4750 0.4756 , 0.4761 '0.4767 /i
of 1..9 0.4713 0.4719 0.4726 0.4732 0.4738
I
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; 1/
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2.0 0.47?2 0.4778 0.4783 0.4788 0.4793 0.4798 0.4803 0.4808 0.4812 0.4817
0.4826 0.4830 0.4834 0.4838 0.4842 0.4846 0.4850 i0.4854 0.4857 r /1
2.l --·
Q.4.821
0.4868 0.4871 0.4875 0.4873 0.4881 0.4884 ·0.4887 0.4890 ,,
.,, ~ 2.2 0.4861 0.4864 I

0.4896 0.4898 0.4901 0.4904 0.4906 0.4909 0.4911 ,0.4913 0.4916

2.3 0.4893 1/'
0.4929 0.4931 0.4932 0.4934 0.4936
2.4 0.4918 0.4920 0.4922 0.4925 0.4927 I

/1,
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2.5 o:4938 0.4940 0.4941 0.4943 0.4945 0.4946 0.4948 0.4949 0.4951 0.4952 i
0.4960 0.4961 0.4962 0.4963 0.4964
2.6 0.4953 0.4955 0.4956 0.4957 0.4959
0.4970 0.4971 0.4972 0.4973 0.4974
2.7 0.4965 0.4966 0.4967 0.4968 0.4969
0.4978 . 0.4979 0.4979 0.4980 0.4981
2.8 0.4974 0.4975 0.4976 0.4977 0.4977 0.4986
0.4983 0.4984 0.4984 0.4985 0.4985 0.4986
ng 2.9 0.4981 0.4982 0.4982 I.
)
0.4989 0.4989 ·o.4990 0.4990

I
0.4987 0.4988 0.4988 0.4989
3.0 0.4987 0.4987 0.4992 0.4992 0.4992 0.4993 0.4993
er 0.4991 0.4991 0.4991 0.4992
3.1 0.4990 0.4994 0.4994 0.4995 0.4995 0.4995
0.4993 0.4993 0.4994 0.4994 0.4994 0.4996 0.4996 0,.4997
3.2 0.4996 0.4996
0.4995 0.4995 0.4995 0.4996 0.4996 0.4997 0.4997 0.4998
3.3 0.4997 0.4997
0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997
3.4
0.4998 0.4998 0.4998 0.4998
0.4998 0.4998 0.4998
0.4998 0.f99.8 0.4999 0.4999
3.5
3.6
3.7
0.4998
0.4998
0.4999
0.4998 0.499.9
0.4999 0.4999
0.4999 0.4999
0.4999 0.4999
0.4999 0.4999
0.4999 0.4999
0.4999
0.4999
0.4999
0.4999
0.4999
0.4999
0.5000
0.4999
0.4999
0.4999
0.5000
0.4~99
0.4999
0.5000
0.4999
0.4999
0.5000
I
3.8 0.4999 0.5000
0.5000 0.5000 0.5000 o.sooo 0.5000
3.9

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