Which feature on a Cisco router permits the

forwarding of traffic for which there is no

specific route?
 next-hop 
 gateway of last resort 
 route source 
 outgoing interface 
2. Which three advantages are provided by
static routing? (Choose three.)
 Static routing does not advertise over the 
network, thus providing better security.
 Configuration of static routes is error- 
free.
 Static routes scale well as the network 
grows.
 Static routing typically uses less network 
bandwidth and fewer CPU operations
than dynamic routing does.
 The path a static route uses to send data is 
known.
 No intervention is required to maintain 
changing route information.
3. What are two functions of dynamic
routing protocols? (Choose two.)
 to maintain routing tables 
 to assure low router overhead 
 to avoid exposing network information 
 to discover the network 
 to choose the path that is specified by 
the administrator
4. What is an advantage of using dynamic
routing protocols instead of static routing?
 easier to implement 
 more secure in controlling routing 
updates
 fewer router resource overhead 
requirements
 ability to actively search for new routes if 
the current path becomes unavailable
5. What happens to a static route entry in a
routing table when the outgoing interface
associated with that route goes into the down
 state?
 The static route is removed from the 
routing table.
 The router polls neighbors for a 
replacement route.
 The router automatically redirects the 
static route to use another interface.
 The static route remains in the table 
because it was defined as static.
Explanation: When the interface
associated with a static route goes down,
the router will remove the route because it
is no longer valid.
6. What is a characteristic of a static route
that matches all packets?
 It uses a single network address to send 
multiple static routes to one destination
address.
 It identifies the gateway IP address to 
which the router sends all IP packets for
which it does not have a learned or static
route.
 It backs up a route already discovered by 
a dynamic routing protocol.
 It is configured with a higher 
administrative distance than the original
dynamic routing protocol has.
Explanation: A default static route is a
route that matches all packets. It identifies
the gateway IP address to which the router
sends all IP packets for which it does not
have a learned or static route. A default
static route is simply a static route with
0.0.0.0/0 as the destination IPv4 address.
Configuring a default static route creates a
gateway of last resort.
7. When would it be more beneficial to use a
dynamic routing protocol instead of static
routing?
 in an organization where routers suffer 
from performance issues
 on a stub network that has a single exit 
 point
 in an organization with a smaller network 
that is not expected to grow in size
 on a network where there is a lot of 
topology changes
Explanation: Dynamic routing protocols
consume more router resources, are
suitable for larger networks, and are more
useful on networks that are growing and
changing.
8. Which route would be used to forward a
packet with a source IP address of
192.168.10.1 and a destination IP address of
10.1.1.1?
 C 192.168.10.0/30 is directly connected, 
GigabitEthernet0/1
 O 10.1.1.0/24 [110/65] via 192.168.200.2, 
00:01:20, Serial0/1/0
 S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 172.16.1.1 
 S 10.1.0.0/16 is directly connected, 
GigabitEthernet0/0
Explanation: Even though OSPF has a
higher administrative distance value (less
trustworthy), the best match is the route in
the routing table that has the most number
of far left matching bits.
9. Refer to the exhibit. What is the
administrative distance value of the route
for router R1 to reach the destination IPv6
address of 2001:DB8:CAFE:4::A?

 120  120
 110  110
 1  1
 4  4
Explanation: The RIP route with the source
code R is used to forward data to the
destination IPv6 address of
2001:DB8:CAFE:4::A. This route has an
AD value of 120.
10. Which value in a routing table represents
trustworthiness and is used by the router to
determine which route to install into the
routing table when there are multiple routes
toward the same destination?
 administrative distance 
 metric 
 outgoing interface 
 routing protocol 
Explanation: The administrative distance
represents the trustworthiness of a
particular route. The lower an
administrative distance, the more
trustworthy the learned route is. When a
router learns multiple routes toward the
same destination, the router uses the
administrative distance value to determine
which route to place into the routing table.
A metric is used by a routing protocol to
compare routes received from the routing
protocol. An exit interface is the interface
used to send a packet in the direction of
the destination network. A routing protocol
is used to exchange routing updates
between two or more adjacent routers.
12. Refer to the graphic. Which command
would be used on router A to configure a
static route to direct traffic from LAN A that
is destined for LAN C?
 A(config)# ip route 192.168.3.0 
255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
 A(config)# ip route 192.168.3.2 
255.255.255.0 192.168.4.0
 A(config)# ip route 192.168.4.0 
255.255.255.0 192.168.5.2
 A(config)# ip route 192.168.5.0 
255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2
 A(config)# ip route 192.168.4.0 
255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2
Explanation: The destination network on
LAN C is 192.168.4.0 and the next-hop
address from the perspective of router A is
192.168.3.2.
13. On which two routers would a default
static route be configured? (Choose two.)
 any router where a backup route to 
dynamic routing is needed for reliability
 the router that serves as the gateway of 
last resort
 any router running an IOS prior to 12.0 
 stub router connection to the rest of the 
corporate or campus network
 edge router connection to the ISP 
Explanation: A stub router or an edge
router connected to an ISP has only one
other router as a connection. A default
static route works in those situations
because all traffic will be sent to one
 destination. The destination router is the
gateway of last resort. The default route is
not configured on the gateway, but on the
router sending traffic to the gateway. The
router IOS does not matter.
14. Refer to the exhibit. This network has
two connections to the ISP, one via router C
and one via router B. The serial link between
router A and router C supports EIGRP and
is the primary link to the Internet. If the
primary link fails, the administrator needs a
floating static route that avoids recursive
route lookups and any potential next-hop
issues caused by the multiaccess nature of
the Ethernet segment with router B. What
should the administrator configure?

 Create a static route pointing to 10.1.1.1 

with an AD of 95.
 Create a fully specified static route 
pointing to Fa0/0 with an AD of 1.
 Create a fully specified static route 
pointing to Fa0/0 with an AD of 95.
 Create a static route pointing to 10.1.1.1 
with an AD of 1.
 Create a static route pointing to Fa0/0 
with an AD of 1.
Explanation: A floating static route is a
static route with an administrative distance
higher than that of another route already in
the routing table. If the route in the table
disappears, the floating static route will be
put into the routing table in its place.
 Internal EIGRP has an AD of 90, so a
floating static route in this scenario would
need to have an AD higher than 90. Also,
when creating a static route to a
multiaccess interface like a FastEthernet
segment a fully specified route should be
used, with both a next-hop IP address and
an exit interface. This prevents the router
from doing a recursive lookup, but still
ensures the correct next-hop device on the
multiaccess segment forwards the packet.
15. What is a characteristic of a floating
static route?
 When it is configured, it creates a 
gateway of last resort.
 It is used to provide load balancing 
between static routes.
 It is simply a static route with 0.0.0.0/0 as 
the destination IPv4 address.
 It is configured with a higher 
administrative distance than the original
dynamic routing protocol has.
Explanation: Floating static routes are
static routes used to provide a backup path
to a primary static or dynamic route, in the
event of a link failure. They must be
configured with a higher administrative
distance than the original dynamic routing
protocol has. A default static route is
simply a static route with 0.0.0.0/0 as the
destination IPv4 address. Configuring a
default static route creates a gateway of
last resort.
16. What network prefix and prefix-length
combination is used to create a default static
route that will match any IPv6 destination?
 FFFF::/128 
 ::1/64 
 ::/128 
 ::/0 
Explanation: A default static route
configured for IPv6, is a network prefix of
 all zeros and a prefix mask of 0 which is
expressed as ::/0.
17. Consider the following command:
ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.2
5
What does the 5 at the end of the command
signify?
 exit interface 
 maximum number of hops to the 
192.168.10.0/24 network
 metric 
 administrative distance 
Explanation: The 5 at the end of the
command signifies administrative distance.
This value is added to floating static routes
or routes that only appear in the routing
table when the preferred route has gone
down. The 5 at the end of the command
signifies administrative distance configured
for the static route. This value indicates
that the floating static route will appear in
the routing table when the preferred route
(with an administrative distance less than
5) is down.
18. Refer to the exhibit. The routing table
for R2 is as follows:
Gateway of last resort is not set Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets 10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C 10.0.0.0 is directly connected, C 10.0.0.0 is directly connected,
Serial0/0/0 Serial0/0/0
C 10.0.0.4 is directly connected, C 10.0.0.4 is directly connected,
Serial0/0/1 Serial0/0/1
192.168.10.0/26 is subnetted, 3 subnets 192.168.10.0/26 is subnetted, 3 subnets
S 192.168.10.0 is directly connected, S 192.168.10.0 is directly connected,
Serial0/0/0 Serial0/0/0
C 192.168.10.64 is directly connected, C 192.168.10.64 is directly connected,
FastEthernet0/0 FastEthernet0/0
S 192.168.10.128 [1/0] via 10.0.0.6 S 192.168.10.128 [1/0] via 10.0.0.6
What will router R2 do with a packet
destined for 192.168.10.129?
 send the packet out interface 
FastEthernet0/0
 send the packet out interface Serial0/0/1 
 drop the packet 
 send the packet out interface Serial0/0/0 
Explanation: When a static route is
configured with the next hop address (as in
the case of the 192.168.10.128 network),
the output of the show ip route command
lists the route as “via” a particular IP
address. The router has to look up that IP
address to determine which interface to
send the packet out. Because the IP
address of 10.0.0.6 is part of network
10.0.0.4, the router sends the packet out
interface Serial0/0/1.
19. An administrator issues the ipv6 route
2001:db8:acad:1::/32 gigabitethernet0/0
2001:db8:acad:6::1 100 command on a
router. What administrative distance is
assigned to this route?
 0  0
 1  1
 32  32
 100  100
 Explanation: The command ipv6 route
2001:db8:acad:1::/32 gigabitethernet0/0
2001:db8:acad:6::1 100 will configure a
floating static route on a router. The 100 at
the end of the command specifies the
administrative distance of 100 to be
applied to the route.
20. Refer to the exhibit. Which default static
route command would allow R1 to
potentially reach all unknown networks on
the Internet?

 R1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:db8:32::/64  R1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:db8:32::/64

G0/0 G0/0
 R1(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 G0/0 fe80::2  R1(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 G0/0 fe80::2
 R1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:db8:32::/64  R1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:db8:32::/64
G0/1 fe80::2 G0/1 fe80::2
 R1(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 G0/1 fe80::2  R1(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 G0/1 fe80::2
Explanation: To route packets to unknown
IPv6 networks a router will need an IPv6
default route. The static route ipv6
route ::/0 G0/1 fe80::2 will match all
networks and send packets out the
specified exit interface G0/1 toward R2.
21. Refer to the exhibit. The network
engineer for the company that is shown
wants to use the primary ISP connection for
all external connectivity. The backup ISP
 connection is used only if the primary ISP
connection fails. Which set of commands
would accomplish this goal?

 ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/0/0  ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/0/0

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/1/0 ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/1/0
 ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/0/0  ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/0/0
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/1/0 10 ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/1/0 10
 ip route 198.133.219.24  ip route 198.133.219.24
255.255.255.252 255.255.255.252
ip route 64.100.210.80 255.255.255.252 ip route 64.100.210.80 255.255.255.252
10 10
 ip route 198.133.219.24  ip route 198.133.219.24
255.255.255.252 255.255.255.252
ip route 64.100.210.80 255.255.255.252 ip route 64.100.210.80 255.255.255.252
Explanation: A static route that has no
administrative distance added as part of
the command has a default administrative
distance of 1. The backup link should have
a number higher than 1. The correct
answer has an administrative distance of
10. The other quad zero route would load
balance packets across both links and both
links would appear in the routing table. The
remaining answers are simply static routes
(either a default route or a floating static
default route).
22. Refer to the exhibit. Which set of
 commands will configure static routes that
will allow the Park and the Alta routers to a)
forward packets to each LAN and b) direct
all other traffic to the Internet?

 Park(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 

192.168.14.1
Alta(config)# ip route 10.0.234.0
255.255.255.0 192.168.14.2
Alta(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/0/0
 Park(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 
192.168.14.1
Alta(config)# ip route 10.0.234.0
255.255.255.0 192.168.14.2
Alta(config)# ip route 198.18.222.0
255.255.255.255 s0/0/0
 Park(config)# ip route 172.16.67.0 
255.255.255.0 192.168.14.1
Park(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
192.168.14.1
Alta(config)# ip route 10.0.234.0
255.255.255.0 192.168.14.2
 Park(config)# ip route 172.16.67.0 
255.255.255.0 192.168.14.1
 Alta(config)# ip route 10.0.234.0
255.255.255.0 192.168.14.2
Alta(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
s0/0/1
Explanation: The LAN connected to the
router Park is a stud network, therefore, a
default route should be used to forward
network traffic destined to non-local
networks. The router Alta connects to both
the internet and the Park router, it would
require two static routes configured, one
toward the internet and the other toward
the LAN connected to the router Park.
23. Refer to the exhibit. The small company
shown uses static routing. Users on the R2
LAN have reported a problem with
connectivity. What is the issue?

 R1 needs a static route to the R2 LAN. 

 R2 needs a static route to the R1 LANs. 
 R1 needs a default route to R2. 
 R2 needs a static route to the Internet. 
 R1 and R2 must use a dynamic routing 
protocol.
Explanation: R1 has a default route to the
Internet. R2 has a default route to R1. R1
is missing a static route for the 10.0.60.0
network. Any traffic that reached R1 and is
destined for 10.0.60.0/24 will be routed to
the ISP.
24. Refer to the exhibit. An administrator is
attempting to install an IPv6 static route on
router R1 to reach the network attached to
router R2. After the static route command is
entered, connectivity to the network is still
failing. What error has been made in the
static route configuration?

 The next hop address is incorrect. 

 The interface is incorrect. 
 The destination network is incorrect. 
 The network prefix is incorrect. 
Explanation: In this example the interface
in the static route is incorrect. The interface
should be the exit interface on R1, which is
s0/0/0.
25. Refer to the exhibit. How was the host
route 2001:DB8:CAFE:4::1/128 installed in
the routing table?
 The route was dynamically created by 
router R1.
 The route was dynamically learned from 
another router.
 The route was manually entered by an 
administrator.
 The route was automatically installed 
when an IP address was configured on
an active interface.
Explanation: A host route is an IPv6 route
with a 128-bit mask. A host route can be
installed in a routing table automatically
when an IP address is configured on a
router interface or manually if a static route
is created.
26. Refer to the exhibit. HostA is attempting
to contact ServerB. Which two statements
correctly describe the addressing that HostA
will generate in the process? (Choose two.)
 A packet with the destination IP address 
of RouterA.
 A frame with the destination MAC 
address of SwitchA.
 A packet with the destination IP address 
of ServerB.
 A frame with the destination MAC 
address of RouterA.
 A frame with the destination MAC 
address of ServerB.
 A packet with the destination IP address 
of RouterB.
Explanation: In order to send data to
ServerB, HostA will generate a packet that
contains the IP address of the destination
device on the remote network and a frame
that contains the MAC address of the
default gateway device on the local
network.
27. Refer to the exhibit. A ping from R1 to
10.1.1.2 is successful, but a ping from R1 to
any address in the 192.168.2.0 network fails.
What is the cause of this problem?
 There is no gateway of last resort at R1. 
 The static route for 192.168.2.0 is 
incorrectly configured.
 A default route is not configured on R1. 
 The serial interface between the two 
routers is down.
28. Refer to the exhibit. An administrator is
attempting to install a default static route on
router R1 to reach the Site B network on
router R2. After entering the static route
command, the route is still not showing up in
the routing table of router R1. What is
preventing the route from installing in the
routing table?
 The netmask is incorrect. 
 The exit interface is missing. 
 The next hop address is incorrect. 
 The destination network is incorrect. 
Explanation: The next hop address is
incorrect. From R1 the next hop address
should be that of the serial interface of R2,
209.165.202.130.
29. Refer to the exhibit. The Branch Router
has an OSPF neighbor relationship with the
HQ router over the 198.51.0.4/30 network.
The 198.51.0.8/30 network link should serve
as a backup when the OSPF link goes down.
The floating static route command ip route
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 S0/1/1 100 was issued on
Branch and now traffic is using the backup
link even when the OSPF link is up and
functioning. Which change should be made
to the static route command so that traffic
will only use the OSPF link when it is up?
 Add the next hop neighbor address of 
198.51.0.8.
 Change the administrative distance to 1. 
 Change the destination network to 
198.51.0.5.
 Change the administrative distance to 120. 
Explanation: The problem with the current
floating static route is that the
administrative distance is set too low. The
administrative distance will need to be
higher than that of OSPF, which is 110, so
that the router will only use the OSPF link
when it is up.
30. What characteristic completes the
following statement?
When an IPv6 static route is configured, the
next-hop address can be ……
 a destination host route with a /128 
prefix.
 the “show ipv6 route static” command. 
 an IPv6 link-local address on the adjacent 
router.
 the interface type and interface number. 
31. Gateway of last resort is not set.
172.19.115.0/26 is variously subnetted, 7 172.19.115.0/26 is variously subnetted, 7
subnets, 3 masks subnets, 3 masks
O 172.19.115.0/26 [110/10] via O 172.19.115.0/26 [110/10] via
172.19.39.1, 00:00:24, Serial0/0/0 172.19.39.1, 00:00:24, Serial0/0/0
O 172.19.115.64/26 [110/20] via O 172.19.115.64/26 [110/20] via
172.19.39.6, 00:00:56, Serial 0/0/1 172.19.39.6, 00:00:56, Serial 0/0/1
 O 172.19.115.128/26 [110/10] via O 172.19.115.128/26 [110/10] via
172.19.39.1, 00:00:24, Serial 0/0/0 172.19.39.1, 00:00:24, Serial 0/0/0
C 172.19.115.192/27 is directly connected, C 172.19.115.192/27 is directly connected,
GigabitEthernet0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0
L 172.19.115.193/27 is directly connected, L 172.19.115.193/27 is directly connected,
GigabitEthernet0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0
C 172.19.115.224/27 is directly connected, C 172.19.115.224/27 is directly connected,
GigabitEthernet0/1 GigabitEthernet0/1
L 172.19.115.225/27 is directly connected, L 172.19.115.225/27 is directly connected,
GigabitEthernet0/1 GigabitEthernet0/1
172.19.39.0/24 is variably subnetted, 4 172.19.39.0/24 is variably subnetted, 4
subnets, 2 masks subnets, 2 masks
C 172.19.39.0/30 is directly connected, C 172.19.39.0/30 is directly connected,
Serial0/0/0 Serial0/0/0
L 172.19.39.2/32 is directly connected, L 172.19.39.2/32 is directly connected,
Serial0/0/0 Serial0/0/0
C 172.19.39.4/30 is directly connected, C 172.19.39.4/30 is directly connected,
Serial0/0/1 Serial0/0/1
L 172.19.39.5/32 is directly connected, L 172.19.39.5/32 is directly connected,
Serial0/0/1 Serial0/0/1
S 172.19.40.0/26 [1/0] via 172.19.39.1, S 172.19.40.0/26 [1/0] via 172.19.39.1,
00:00:24, Serial0/0/0 00:00:24, Serial0/0/0
R1# R1#
Refer to the exhibit. Which interface will be
the exit interface to forward a data packet
that has the destination IP address
172.19.115.206?
 GigabitEthernet0/1 
 None, the packet will be dropped. 
 GigabitEthernet0/0 
 Serial0/0/1 
32. Refer to the exhibit. What routing
solution will allow both PC A and PC B to
access the Internet with the minimum
amount of router CPU and network
bandwidth utilization?
 Configure a dynamic routing protocol 
between R1 and Edge and advertise all
routes.
 Configure a static route from R1 to Edge 
and a dynamic route from Edge to R1.
 Configure a static default route from R1 
to Edge, a default route from Edge to the
Internet, and a static route from Edge to
R1.
 Configure a dynamic route from R1 to 
Edge and a static route from Edge to R1.
Explanation: Two routes have to be
created: a default route in R1 to reach
Edge and a static route in Edge to reach
R1 for the return traffic. This is a best
solution once PC A and PC B belong to
stub networks. Moreover, static routing
consumes less bandwidth than dynamic
routing.
33. Refer to the exhibit. What would happen
after the IT administrator enters the new
static route?
 The 172.16.1.0 static route would be 
entered into the running-config but not
shown in the routing table.
 The 172.16.1.0 route learned from RIP 
would be replaced with the 172.16.1.0
static route.
 The 0.0.0.0 default route would be 
replaced with the 172.16.1.0 static route.
 The 172.16.1.0 static route is added to 
the existing routes in the routing table.
Explanation: A route will be installed in a
routing table if there is not another routing
source with a lower administrative
distance. If a route with a lower
administrative distance to the same
destination network as a current route is
entered, the route with the lower
administrative distance will replace the
route with a higher administrative distance.
34. What two pieces of information are
needed in a fully specified static route to
eliminate recursive lookups? (Choose two.)
 the interface ID of the next-hop neighbor 
 the interface ID exit interface 
 the IP address of the exit interface 
 the IP address of the next-hop neighbor 
 the administrative distance for the 
destination network
Explanation: A fully specified static route
can be used to avoid recursive routing
table lookups by the router. A fully
specified static route contains both the IP
address of the next-hop router and the ID
of the exit interface.
35. Refer to the exhibit. Which command
will properly configure an IPv6 static route
on R2 that will allow traffic from PC2 to
reach PC1 without any recursive lookups by
router R2?

 R2(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 

2001:db8:32::1
 R2(config)# ipv6 route 
2001:db8:10:12::/64 S0/0/0
 R2(config)# ipv6 route 
2001:db8:10:12::/64 2001:db8:32::1
 R2(config)# ipv6 route 
2001:db8:10:12::/64 S0/0/1
 Explanation: A nonrecursive route must
have an exit interface specified from which
the destination network can be reached. In
this example 2001:db8:10:12::/64 is the
destination network and R2 will use exit
interface S0/0/0 to reach that network.
Therefore, the static route would be ipv6
route 2001:db8:10:12::/64 S0/0/0.
36. Refer to the exhibit. Which static route
would an IT technician enter to create a
backup route to the 172.16.1.0 network that
is only used if the primary RIP learned route
fails?

 ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0 

 ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0 
121
 ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0 
111
 ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0 
91
Explanation: A backup static route is called
a floating static route. A floating static route
has an administrative distance greater than
the administrative distance of another
static route or dynamic route.
37. Open the PT Activity. Perform the tasks
 in the activity instructions and then answer
the question.

Modules 14 – 16: Routing Concepts and

Configuration Exam
A user reports that PC0 cannot visit the web
server www.server.com . Troubleshoot the
network configuration to identify the
problem.
What is the cause of the problem?
 The clock rate on one of the serial links 
is configured incorrectly.
 A serial interface on Branch is configured 
incorrectly.
 The DNS server address on PC0 is 
configured incorrectly.
 Routing between HQ and Branch is 
configured incorrectly.
Explanation: In order to allow
communication to remote networks, proper
routing, either static or dynamic, is
necessary. Both routers must be
configured with a routing method.
38. Match the routing table entry to the
corresponding function. (Not all options are
used.)
39. Refer to the exhibit. PC A sends a
request to Server B. What IPv4 address is
used in the destination field in the packet as
the packet leaves PC A?
 192.168.11.1 
 192.168.10.1 
 192.168.12.16 
 192.168.10.10 
Explanation: The destination IP address in
packets does not change along the path
between the source and destination.
40. What does R1 use as the MAC address of
the destination when constructing the frame
that will go from R1 to Server B?
 If the destination MAC address that 
corresponds to the IPv4 address is not in
the ARP cache, R1 sends an ARP request.
 R1 uses the destination MAC address of 
S1.
 The packet is encapsulated into a PPP 
frame, and R1 adds the PPP destination
address to the frame.
 R1 leaves the field blank and forwards 
the data to the PC.
Explanation: Communication inside a local
network uses Address Resolution Protocol
to obtain a MAC address from a known
IPv4 address. A MAC address is needed to
construct the frame in which the packet is
encapsulated.
41. What route would have the lowest
administrative distance?
 a route received through the OSPF 
routing protocol
 a directly connected network 
 a static route 
 a route received through the EIGRP 
 routing protocol
Explanation: The most believable route or
the route with the lowest administrative
distance is one that is directly connected to
a router.
42. What characteristic completes the
following statement?
When an IPv6 static route is configured, as a
backup route to a static route in the routing
table, the “distance” command is used with
……
 the “show ipv6 route static” command. 
 an administrative distance of 2. 
 a destination host route with a /128 
prefix.
 the interface type and interface number. 
43. A router has used the OSPF protocol to
learn a route to the 172.16.32.0/19 network.
Which command will implement a backup
floating static route to this network?
 ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.224.0 S0/0/0 
100
 ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.240.0 S0/0/0 
200
 ip route 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0 S0/0/0 
200
 ip route 172.16.32.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0/0 
100
Explanation: OSPF has an administrative
distance of 110, so the floating static route
must have an administrative distance
higher than 110. Because the target
network is 172.16.32.0/19, that static route
must use the network 172.16.32.0 and a
netmask of 255.255.224.0.
44. Consider the following command:

ip route 192.168.10.0 ip route 192.168.10.0

255.255.255.0 10.10.10.2 5 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.2 5

How would an administrator test this

configuration?
 Delete the default gateway route on the 
 router.
 Manually shut down the router interface 
used as a primary route.
 Ping from the 192.168.10.0 network to 
the 10.10.10.2 address.
 Ping any valid address on the 
192.168.10.0/24 network.
Explanation: A floating static is a backup
route that only appears in the routing table
when the interface used with the primary
route is down. To test a floating static
route, the route must be in the routing
table. Therefore, shutting down the
interface used as a primary route would
allow the floating static route to appear in
the routing table.
45. Refer to the exhibit. Which type of IPv6
static route is configured in the exhibit?

 floating static route 

 fully specified static route 
 recursive static route 
 directly attached static route 
Explanation: The route provided points to
another address that must be looked up in
the routing table. This makes the route a
recursive static route.
46. What characteristic completes the
following statement?
When an IPv6 static route is configured, it is
first necessary to configure ……
 the next-hop address of two different 
adjacent routers.
 the “ipv6 unicast-routing” command. 
 an IPv6 link-local address on the 
adjacent router.
 an administrative distance of 2. 
47. Gateway of last resort is not set.

172.18.109.0/26 is variously 172.18.109.0/26 is variously

subnetted, 7 subnets, 3 masks subnetted, 7 subnets, 3 masks

O 172.18.109.0/26 [110/10] via O 172.18.109.0/26 [110/10] via

172.18.32.1, 00:00:24, 172.18.32.1, 00:00:24,
Serial0/0/0 Serial0/0/0

O 172.18.109.64/26 [110/20] via O 172.18.109.64/26 [110/20] via

172.18.32.6, 00:00:56, Serial 172.18.32.6, 00:00:56, Serial
0/0/1 0/0/1

O 172.18.109.128/26 [110/10] via O 172.18.109.128/26 [110/10] via

172.18.32.1, 00:00:24, Serial 172.18.32.1, 00:00:24, Serial
0/0/0 0/0/0

C 172.18.109.192/27 is directly C 172.18.109.192/27 is directly

connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

L 172.18.109.193/27 is directly L 172.18.109.193/27 is directly

connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

C 172.18.109.224/27 is directly C 172.18.109.224/27 is directly

connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

L 172.18.109.225/27 is directly L 172.18.109.225/27 is directly

connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

172.18.32.0/24 is variably 172.18.32.0/24 is variably

subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks

C 172.18.32.0/30 is directly C 172.18.32.0/30 is directly

connected, Serial0/0/0 connected, Serial0/0/0

L 172.18.32.2/32 is directly L 172.18.32.2/32 is directly

connected, Serial0/0/0 connected, Serial0/0/0
 C 172.18.32.4/30 is directly C 172.18.32.4/30 is directly
connected, Serial0/0/1 connected, Serial0/0/1

L 172.18.32.5/32 is directly L 172.18.32.5/32 is directly

connected, Serial0/0/1 connected, Serial0/0/1

S 172.18.33.0/26 [1/0] via S 172.18.33.0/26 [1/0] via

172.18.32.1, 00:00:24, 172.18.32.1, 00:00:24,
Serial0/0/0 Serial0/0/0

R1# R1#

Refer to the exhibit. Which interface will be

the exit interface to forward a data packet
that has the destination IP address
172.18.109.152?
 GigabitEthernet0/0 
 GigabitEthernet0/1 
 Serial0/0/0 
 None, the packet will be dropped. 
48. Refer to the exhibit. What will the router 
do with a packet that has a destination IP
address of 192.168.12.227?

 Drop the packet. 

 Send the packet out the 
GigabitEthernet0/0 interface.
 Send the packet out the Serial0/0/0 
interface.
 Send the packet out the 
GigabitEthernet0/1 interface.
Explanation: After a router determines the
destination network by ANDing the
destination IP address with the subnet
mask, the router examines the routing
table for the resulting destination network
number. When a match is found, the
packet is sent to the interface associated
with the network number. When no routing
table entry is found for the particular
network, the default gateway or gateway of
last resort (if configured or known) is used.
If there is no gateway of last resort, the
packet is dropped. In this instance, the
192.168.12.224 network is not found in the
routing table and the router uses the
gateway of last resort. The gateway of last
resort is the IP address of
209.165.200.226. The router knows this is
an IP address that is associated with the
209.165.200.224 network. The router then
proceeds to transmit the packet out the
Serial0/0/0 interface, or the interface that is
associated with 209.165.200.224.
49. Consider the following command:

ip route 192.168.10.0
255.255.255.0 10.10.10.2 5

Which route would have to go down in

order for this static route to appear in the
routing table?
 a default route 
 a static route to the 192.168.10.0/24 
network
 an OSPF-learned route to the 
192.168.10.0/24 network
 an EIGRP-learned route to the 
192.168.10.0/24 network
The administrative distance of 5 added to
the end of the static route creates a floating
 static situation for a static route that goes
down. Static routes have a default
administrative distance of 1. This route that
has an administrative distance of 5 will not
be placed into the routing table unless the
previously entered static route to the
192.168.10.0/24 goes down or was never
entered. The administrative distance of 5
added to the end of the static route
configuration creates a floating static route
that will be placed in the routing table when
the primary route to the same destination
network goes down. By default, a static
route to the 192.168.10.0/24 network has
an administrative distance of 1. Therefore,
the floating route with an administrative
distance of 5 will not be placed into the
routing table unless the previously entered
static route to the 192.168.10.0/24 goes
down or was never entered. Because the
floating route has an administrative
distance of 5, the route is preferred to an
OSPF-learned route (with the
administrative distance of 110) or an
EIGRP-learned route (with the
administrative distance of 110) to the same
destination network.
50. What are two advantages of static
routing over dynamic routing? (Choose
two.)
 Static routing is more secure because it 
does not advertise over the network.
 Static routing scales well with expanding 
networks.
 Static routing requires very little 
knowledge of the network for correct
implementation.
 Static routing uses fewer router resources 
than dynamic routing.
 Static routing is relatively easy to 
configure for large networks.
Static routing requires a thorough
 understanding of the entire network for
proper implementation. It can be prone to
errors and does not scale well for large
networks. Static routing uses fewer router
resources, because no computing is
required for updating routes. Static routing
can also be more secure because it does
not advertise over the network.
51. What characteristic completes the
following statement?
When an IPv6 static route is configured, it is
possible that the same IPv6 link-local
address is used for …
 a destination host route with a /128 
prefix.
 the “ipv6 unicast-routing” command. 
 the next-hop address of two different 
adjacent routers.
 an administrative distance of 2. 
52. A network administrator configures the
interface fa0/0 on the router R1 with the
command ip address 172.16.1.254
255.255.255.0. However, when the
administrator issues the command show ip
route, the routing table does not show the
directly connected network. What is the
possible cause of the problem?
 The subnet mask is incorrect for the IPv4 
address.
 The configuration needs to be saved 
first.
 The interface fa0/0 has not been activated. 
 No packets with a destination network of 
172.16.1.0 have been sent to R1.
Explanation: A directly connected network
will be added to the routing table when
these three conditions are met: (1) the
interface is configured with a valid IP
address; (2) it is activated with no
shutdown command; and (3) it receives a
carrier signal from another device that is
connected to the interface. An incorrect
 subnet mask for an IPv4 address will not
prevent its appearance in the routing table,
although the error may prevent successful
communications.
53. Refer to the exhibit. What command
would be used to configure a static
route on R1 so that traffic from both
LANs can reach the 2001:db8:1:4::/64
remote network?

 ipv6 route 2001:db8:1:4::/64 

2001:db8:1:3::1
 ipv6 route 2001:db8:1::/65 
2001:db8:1:3::1
 ipv6 route ::/0 serial0/0/0 
 ipv6 route 2001:db8:1:4::/64 
2001:db8:1:3::2
Explanation: To configure an IPv6 static
route, use the ipv6 route command
followed by the destination network. Then
add either the IP address of the adjacent
router or the interface R1 will use to
transmit a packet to the 2001:db8:1:4::/64
network.
54. Refer to the exhibit. What two
commands will change the next-hop
address for the 10.0.0.0/8 network from
172.16.40.2 to 192.168.1.2? (Choose
two.)
 A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 
192.168.1.2
 A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 
s0/0/0
 A(config)# no ip address 10.0.0.1 
255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2
 A(config)# no network 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 
172.16.40.2
 A(config)# no ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 
172.16.40.2
Explanation: The two required commands
are A(config)# no ip route 10.0.0.0
255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2 and A(config)# ip
route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 192.168.1.2.
55. Refer to the exhibit. Which interface
will be the exit interface to forward a
data packet that has the destination IP
address 192.168.139.244?

Gateway of last resort is not Gateway of last resort is not

set. set.

192.168.139.0/26 is variously 192.168.139.0/26 is variously

subnetted, 7 subnets, 3 masks subnetted, 7 subnets, 3 masks

O 192.168.139.0/26 [110/10] via O 192.168.139.0/26 [110/10] via

192.168.70.1, 00:00:24, 192.168.70.1, 00:00:24,
Serial0/0/0 Serial0/0/0
O 192.168.139.64/26 [110/20] via O 192.168.139.64/26 [110/20] via
192.168.70.6, 00:00:56, Serial 192.168.70.6, 00:00:56, Serial
0/0/1 0/0/1

O 192.168.139.128/26 [110/10] O 192.168.139.128/26 [110/10]

via 192.168.70.1, 00:00:24, via 192.168.70.1, 00:00:24,
Serial 0/0/0 Serial 0/0/0

C 192.168.139.192/27 is directly C 192.168.139.192/27 is directly

connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

L 192.168.139.193/27 is directly L 192.168.139.193/27 is directly

connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

C 192.168.139.224/27 is directly C 192.168.139.224/27 is directly

connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

L 192.168.139.225/27 is directly L 192.168.139.225/27 is directly

connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

192.168.70.0/24 is variably 192.168.70.0/24 is variably

subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks

C 192.168.70.0/30 is directly C 192.168.70.0/30 is directly

connected, Serial0/0/0 connected, Serial0/0/0

L 192.168.70.2/32 is directly L 192.168.70.2/32 is directly

connected, Serial0/0/0 connected, Serial0/0/0

C 192.168.70.4/30 is directly C 192.168.70.4/30 is directly

connected, Serial0/0/1 connected, Serial0/0/1

L 192.168.70.5/32 is directly L 192.168.70.5/32 is directly

connected, Serial0/0/1 connected, Serial0/0/1
 S 192.168.71.0/26 [1/0] via S 192.168.71.0/26 [1/0] via
192.168.70.1, 00:00:24, 192.168.70.1, 00:00:24,
Serial0/0/0 Serial0/0/0

R1# R1#

 GigabitEthernet0/1 
 None, the packet will be dropped. 
 Serial0/0/1 
 GigabitEthernet0/0 
56. What characteristic completes the
following statement?
When an IPv6 static route is configured, a
fully-specified configuration should be used
with …
 ::/0. 
 the “ipv6 unicast-routing” command. 
 the next-hop address of two different 
adjacent routers.
 a directly connected multiaccess network. 
57. Refer to the exhibit. Which interface will
be the exit interface to forward a data
packet that has the destination IP address
192.168.71.52?

Gateway of last resort is not Gateway of last resort is not

set. set.

192.168.139.0/26 is variously 192.168.139.0/26 is variously

subnetted, 7 subnets, 3 masks subnetted, 7 subnets, 3 masks

O 192.168.139.0/26 [110/10] via O 192.168.139.0/26 [110/10] via

192.168.70.1, 00:00:24, 192.168.70.1, 00:00:24,
Serial0/0/0 Serial0/0/0

O 192.168.139.64/26 [110/20] via O 192.168.139.64/26 [110/20] via

192.168.70.6, 00:00:56, Serial 192.168.70.6, 00:00:56, Serial
0/0/1 0/0/1
O 192.168.139.128/26 [110/10] O 192.168.139.128/26 [110/10]
via 192.168.70.1, 00:00:24, via 192.168.70.1, 00:00:24,
Serial 0/0/0 Serial 0/0/0

C 192.168.139.192/27 is directly C 192.168.139.192/27 is directly

connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

L 192.168.139.193/27 is directly L 192.168.139.193/27 is directly

connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

C 192.168.139.224/27 is directly C 192.168.139.224/27 is directly

connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

L 192.168.139.225/27 is directly L 192.168.139.225/27 is directly

connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

192.168.70.0/24 is variably 192.168.70.0/24 is variably

subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks

C 192.168.70.0/30 is directly C 192.168.70.0/30 is directly

connected, Serial0/0/0 connected, Serial0/0/0

L 192.168.70.2/32 is directly L 192.168.70.2/32 is directly

connected, Serial0/0/0 connected, Serial0/0/0

C 192.168.70.4/30 is directly C 192.168.70.4/30 is directly

connected, Serial0/0/1 connected, Serial0/0/1

L 192.168.70.5/32 is directly L 192.168.70.5/32 is directly

connected, Serial0/0/1 connected, Serial0/0/1

S 192.168.71.0/26 [1/0] via S 192.168.71.0/26 [1/0] via

192.168.70.1, 00:00:24, 192.168.70.1, 00:00:24,
Serial0/0/0 Serial0/0/0
 R1# R1#

 The packet will take the gateway of last 

resort.
 GigabitEthernet0/1 
 Serial0/0/0 
 None, the packet will be dropped. 
58. What characteristic completes the
following statement?
When an IPv6 static route is configured, the
installation of the route can be verified with
……
 a destination host route with a /128 
prefix.
 the interface type and interface number. 
 the “show ipv6 route static” command. 
 an administrative distance of 2. 
59. Refer to the exhibit. Which interface will
be the exit interface to forward a data
packet that has the destination IP address
10.55.99.78?

Gateway of last resort is not Gateway of last resort is not

set. set.

10.55.99.0/26 is variously 10.55.99.0/26 is variously

subnetted, 7 subnets, 3 masks subnetted, 7 subnets, 3 masks

O 10.55.99.0/26 [110/10] via O 10.55.99.0/26 [110/10] via

10.55.18.1, 00:00:24, 10.55.18.1, 00:00:24,
Serial0/0/0 Serial0/0/0

O 10.55.99.64/26 [110/20] via O 10.55.99.64/26 [110/20] via

10.55.18.6, 00:00:56, Serial 10.55.18.6, 00:00:56, Serial
0/0/1 0/0/1

O 10.55.99.128/26 [110/10] via O 10.55.99.128/26 [110/10] via

10.55.18.1, 00:00:24, Serial 10.55.18.1, 00:00:24, Serial
0/0/0 0/0/0
 C 10.55.99.192/27 is directly C 10.55.99.192/27 is directly
connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

L 10.55.99.193/27 is directly L 10.55.99.193/27 is directly

connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

C 10.55.99.224/27 is directly C 10.55.99.224/27 is directly

connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

L 10.55.99.225/27 is directly L 10.55.99.225/27 is directly

connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

10.55.18.0/24 is variably 10.55.18.0/24 is variably

subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks

C 10.55.18.0/30 is directly C 10.55.18.0/30 is directly

connected, Serial0/0/0 connected, Serial0/0/0

L 10.55.18.2/32 is directly L 10.55.18.2/32 is directly

connected, Serial0/0/0 connected, Serial0/0/0

C 10.55.18.4/30 is directly C 10.55.18.4/30 is directly

connected, Serial0/0/1 connected, Serial0/0/1

L 10.55.18.5/32 is directly L 10.55.18.5/32 is directly

connected, Serial0/0/1 connected, Serial0/0/1

S 10.55.19.0/26 [1/0] via S 10.55.19.0/26 [1/0] via

10.55.18.1, 00:00:24, 10.55.18.1, 00:00:24,
Serial0/0/0 Serial0/0/0

R1# R1#

 None, the packet will be dropped. 

 GigabitEthernet0/0 
 GigabitEthernet0/1 
 Serial0/0/1 
60. A network administrator configures the
interface fa0/0 on the router R1 with the
command ip address 172.16.1.254
255.255.255.0 . However, when the
administrator issues the command show ip
route , the routing table does not show the
directly connected network. What is the
possible cause of the problem?
 The subnet mask is incorrect for the IPv4 
address.
 No packets with a destination network of 
172.16.1.0 have been sent to R1.
 The configuration needs to be saved 
first.
 The interface fa0/0 has not been activated. 
Explanation: A directly connected network
will be added to the routing table when
these three conditions are met: (1) the
interface is configured with a valid IP
address; (2) it is activated with no
shutdown command; and (3) it receives a
carrier signal from another device that is
connected to the interface. An incorrect
subnet mask for an IPv4 address will not
prevent its appearance in the routing table,
although the error may prevent successful
communications.
61. Refer to the exhibit. Which interface will
be the exit interface to forward a data
packet that has the destination IP address
10.3.86.2?

Gateway of last resort is not Gateway of last resort is not

set. set.

10.3.86.0/26 is variously 10.3.86.0/26 is variously

subnetted, 7 subnets, 3 masks subnetted, 7 subnets, 3 masks

O 10.3.86.0/26 [110/10] via O 10.3.86.0/26 [110/10] via

10.3.2.1, 00:00:24, Serial0/0/0 10.3.2.1, 00:00:24, Serial0/0/0
O 10.3.86.64/26 [110/20] via O 10.3.86.64/26 [110/20] via
10.3.2.6, 00:00:56, Serial 0/0/1 10.3.2.6, 00:00:56, Serial 0/0/1

O 10.3.86.128/26 [110/10] via O 10.3.86.128/26 [110/10] via

10.3.2.1, 00:00:24, Serial 0/0/0 10.3.2.1, 00:00:24, Serial 0/0/0

C 10.3.86.192/27 is directly C 10.3.86.192/27 is directly

connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

L 10.3.86.193/27 is directly L 10.3.86.193/27 is directly

connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

C 10.3.86.224/27 is directly C 10.3.86.224/27 is directly

connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

L 10.3.86.225/27 is directly L 10.3.86.225/27 is directly

connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

10.3.2.0/24 is variably 10.3.2.0/24 is variably

subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks

C 10.3.2.0/30 is directly C 10.3.2.0/30 is directly

connected, Serial0/0/0 connected, Serial0/0/0

L 10.3.2.2/32 is directly L 10.3.2.2/32 is directly

connected, Serial0/0/0 connected, Serial0/0/0

C 10.3.2.4/30 is directly C 10.3.2.4/30 is directly

connected, Serial0/0/1 connected, Serial0/0/1

L 10.3.2.5/32 is directly L 10.3.2.5/32 is directly

connected, Serial0/0/1 connected, Serial0/0/1
 S 10.3.3.0/26 [1/0] via S 10.3.3.0/26 [1/0] via
10.3.2.1, 00:00:24, Serial0/0/0 10.3.2.1, 00:00:24, Serial0/0/0

R1# R1#

 GigabitEthernet0/1  GigabitEthernet0/1
 Serial0/0/1  Serial0/0/1
 GigabitEthernet0/0  GigabitEthernet0/0
 Serial0/0/0  Serial0/0/0
62. Match the characteristic to the
corresponding type of routing. (Not all
options are used.)

63. Refer to the exhibit. Which interface will

be the exit interface to forward a data
packet that has the destination IP address
172.25.128.244?
 GigabitEthernet0/0 
 GigabitEthernet0/1 
 None, the packet will be dropped. 
 Serial0/0/1 
64. Ipv6 route 2001:0DB8::/32
2001:0DB8:3000::1
Which static route is configured here?
 Floating static 
 Recursive static 
 Directly attached static 
 Fully specified static 
Explain: The Router has to look up in the
routing table twice to find the exit interface.
The first is shown in the Question now the
router has to lookup what interface
ex.s0/0/0 that the 3000::1 address is
associated with. route table ex.
2001:0DB8:3000::1 is directly connected,
Serial0/0/0. This is the 2nd lookup in the
table to find out that the packet needs to
exit the s0/0/0 interface making the first
route a recursive and 2nd route a direct.