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Contemporary Arts [cpar]

 Art is the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination
 Art is the process or product of deliberately arranging elements in a way that appeals to intellect sense
or emotion
 Art is an expression of our thoughts, emotions, intuitions, and desires
 Art is a highly diverse range of human activities engaged in creating visual, auditory, or performed
artifacts – artworks – that express the author’s imaginative or technical skill, and are intended to be
appreciated for their beauty or emotional power
Why Study Art?
1. Art is a natural human behavior.
2. Art is communication.
3. Art is healing.
4. Art tells our story.
5. Art is a shared experience.

Functions of Art
 Personal or Individual Function - Artists have their personal reasons for indulging in art.
 Social Function - Man is a social being and as such he associates with his fellow beings.
 Economic Function - Many people believe that it does not pay to be an artist. However, the belief is
negated by the facts that many people earn their living in arts.
 Political Function - When Imelda Romualdez Marcos, a patroness of the arts became the Governor of
Metro Manila, she promoted her political programs by means of the arts.
 Historical Function - Paintings, sculptures, architectural works, and other art forms serve to record
historical figures and events.
 Cultural Function - Buildings, furniture (chairs, table, etc.), clothes, and the like form part of the
country’s material culture.
 Religious Function - Almost all, if not all, art forms evolved from religion. People in olden times
worshipped their Gods in the form of songs and dances.
 Physical Function - Houses and other buildings are constructed to protect their occupants and all others
inside them.
 Aesthetic Function - Artworks serve to beautify.

 Pre-Colonial Period: Architecture

 lean-to - is a portable shelter of the Negritos made of tree branches and twigs, using leaves and fronds
for sidings
 Binuronis - an Isneg house that is regarded as the largest and among the most substantially constructed
houses in the Cordilleras
 traditional Ifugao house - called as Bale or the “No-Nail” house have been constructed without the use
of nails.
 Tausug house - typically consists of a single rectangular room, bamboo- or timber-walled, with a
thatched roof, raised on posts about 2 to 3 meters above the ground

 Pre-Colonial Period: Sculpture

 Manunggul Jar - at least 3 500 years old depicts on its lid two boatmen riding a banca on their way to
the great divide
 Bul-ul - are carved anito figures of the Ifugaos
 Ling-ling-o - Ifugao amulet

 Pre-Colonial Period: Painting

 Pintados (painted ones) - inhabitants of the Visayan Islands as described by the conquistadors used
sharp metal instruments previously heated over fire in painting their bodies.
 Angono Petroglyphs - is known to be dated back from 3000 B.C.

 Pre-Colonial Period: Weaving

 Cordillera groups of the north are well-known for the art of weaving.
 Pre-Colonial Period: Music
 Pigafetta - the official historian of Magellan expedition
 women from Cebu were harmoniously playing:
 -cymbals (plan tiles)
 -nose flutes
 -bamboo mouth organs (aphiw)
 -brass gong (gansa)
 -flute (bansic)
 -long drum (colibao)
 -bamboo harp (subbing)
 -water wistle (paiyak)
 -guitar (bugtot)
 -xylophone (agong)
 -drum (tugo).

 Pre-Colonial Period: System of Writing

 Baybayin - is a pre-Spanish Philippine writing system.

 Spanish Colonial Period: Architecture

 traditional Filipino Bahay na Bato “Stone House” style for the large houses emerged.
 Barasoain Church in Malolos
 St. Augustine Church in Paoay
 Manila Cathedral

 Spanish Colonial Period: Sculpture

 Spanish Colonial Carved and Polychromed Santos
 St. John the Baptist by Alonso Cano

 Spanish Colonial Period: Painting

 Jose Luciano Dan’s: Langit, Lupa, Impyerno

 Spanish Colonial Period: Theater

 Komedya (comedia) – In the Spanish Golden Age (Siglo de Oro) tradition, a comedia is a three-act play
combing dramatic and comic elements.
 Zarzuela - is a Spanish lyric-dramatic genrea that alternates spoken and sung scenes, the latter
incorporating operatic and popular song, as well as dance.
 Senakulo - is a play depicting the life and sufferings of Jesus Christ.
 Moro-moro - is depicted battles between Christian and Moros as Muslims in the Philippines who ar
popularly known as the perpetual villains who always lost to the Christians at the end

 Spanish Colonial Period: Music

 Traditional Tagalog music, which is somewhat more Hispanic in flavor differs from Ifugao usic and
Islam influenced Maranao kulintang music.

 Spanish Colonial Period: Dance

 The folk dances of today were adaptations of the old native dances.

 American Colonial Period: Architecture

 Manila Central Office
 Philippine National Art Gallery

 American Colonial Period: Sculpture

 UP Oblation
 Bonifacio Monument
 Lapu-Lapu Shrine

 American Colonial Period: Painting

  Women Working in a Rice Field - Fabian Dela Rosa
 Antipolo Fiesta - Fernando Amorsolo
 The Builders - Victorio Edades
 Brown Madonna - Galo Ocampo
 Bayanihan - Carlos Francisco
 Prayer Before Meal - Vicente Manansala
 Bountiful Fish Harvest - Anita Magsaysay-Ho
 Bagong Taon - Arturo Luz

 Post-Colonial Period: Sculpture

 Church of the Holy Sacrifice
 Phil Atomic Research Center
 The Pegaraw by Napoleon Abueva
 Filipino in Bondage by Guillermo Tolentino

 Post-Colonial Period: Architecture

 UP International Center by Victor Tiotuycos
 Union Church by Jose Zaragosa
 Ramon Magsaysay Building by Alfredo Luz
 Picache Building by Angel Nakpil
 Insular Life Building by Cesar Concio

 Post-Colonial Period: Painting

 Antipolo Market Scene by Fernando Amorsolo
 Wawa by Carlos Francisco
 Street Musicians by Arturo Luz
 Barrio Scene by Victorio Edades
 A Sonata for September by Hernando Ocampo
 Sea of Gold by Cesar Legazpi

MODERN ART CONTEMPORARY ART

 Art created by living artists or artists who

 Art created from the 1880s to about the have recently passed away or retired but
1970s have still created artworks.

 Modern art style is intended to  Contemporary art looks at the

express individuality societal impact as its primary theme.

 It is a popular design era during the 1950s  Contemporary design is more concerned
and 60s to place items in the mid-century with the now and the future than modern
modern style. design, which is related to an age in the past.

 Technologically advanced  Always in flux, developing, evolving

 Modern as opposed to traditional and  What is contemporary today may be
conservative traditional or modern in the coming years.

CONTEMPORARY ARTS
WHAT IS CONTEMPORARY ART?
 Contemporary art is the art of today, produced in the second half of the 20th century or in the 21st
century.
 Contemporary artists work in a globally influenced, culturally diverse, and technologically advancing
the world. Contemporary art as a whole is distinguished by the very lack of a uniform, organizing
principle, ideology, or "-ism".
 Contemporary art is part of a cultural dialogue that concerns larger contextual frameworks such as
personal and cultural identity, family, community and nationality.
CONTEMPORARY ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES
 Conceptual - focus is on the idea, which can be either abstract or social;
 Social – current social & political topics are dealt with, often from critical perspective.
 Expressive – both content & form is meaningful & communicative.
 Popular culture - issues and aspects of popular culture are dealt with, either by conceptualizing or
criticizing.
 Poetic - content or form is poetic in nature.
 Biographical - means of expression can be social, poetical or expressive;
 Documentary - approach is documentary or holds elements of research
 Sense related - total art work, installations which are often interactive and affect different senses.

Seven MAJOR ART FORMS

 Music - art form that appeals to the sense of hearing, composed by combining notes into harmony.
 Literature - art form of language through the combined use of words, creating meaning and experience.
 Theater - Art form of performance. Dramatic text is portrayed on stage by actors and actresses
o and are enhanced by props, lights and sounds. form of art in which artists use their voices and/or
their bodies, often in relation with other objects, to convey artistic expression.
 Film - a technological translation of theater, special effects are utilized to enhance the story telling
 Dance - art of the human form, body is used, mobilized and choreographed in a specific time, form and
space.
 Architecture, Designs and Allied Arts - structure that meant to be used as shelter, its art relies on the
design and purpose of the structure.
 Visual Arts - Artwork, such as painting, photography, or sculpture, that appeals primarily to the visual
sense and typically exists in permanent form.

 DIFFERENT EXAMPLES OF PHILIPPINE ARTS

 Natives of Batanes or the Ivatans use a headgear called Vacul, made from the fibres of vuyavuy
palm, to protect them from the scotching heat of the sun while working on their farmlands.
 Vases and statues crafted in the Cordillera region, particularly in Baguio and Benguet area.
 Marinduque province, those who partake in the celebration of Moriones Festival use morion
masks to portray the Roman soldiers and Syrian mercenaries in the story of the Passion of the
Christ.
 Visayan Region, maskara, which means Mask is prominent feature of the festival which also bears
the same name. Maskara are always designed with smiling faces, giving rise to Bacolod being
named the "City of Smiles”
 Sarimanok, the legendary bird that has become an ubiquitous symbol of Maranao art. It is depicted
as a fowl with colorful wings and feathered tail, holding a fish on its beak or talons. The head is
profusely decorated with scroll, leaf, and spiral motifs. It is said to be a symbol of good fortune.

VARIOUS ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Timeline of Philippine Arts
  CLASSIFICATION OF VARIOUS ART FORMS IN THE PHILIPPINES
 
1. VISUAL ARTS- these are the art forms that perceived by the eyes. It uses any medium to represent the
artist’s skills, ideas, emotion and imagination. Its function is to aesthetically and intellectually stimulate the
viewer
 
Forms of Visual Arts
 Drawing- is a representation of any form or object by hand through the medium of pencil, pen, charcoal,
etc.
Examples: Pen, Charcoal
 Painting- is the art of applying pigments to a surface to present a picture of the subject. It is the art of
using paint in a picture, as a protective coating or as a decoration
 Examples: Spoliarium by Juan Luna, Princess Urduja by Fernando C. Amorsolo
 Sculpture- the art of carving or otherwise forming a three-dimensional work of art that uses materials
such as clay, stone, and wood
 Carving- is a sculptural technique that involves using tools to shape a form by cutting or scraping away
from a solid material such as stone, wood, ivory or bone
 -The Paete Woodcarving tradition runs deep in history, dating back in the pre-Spanish
era. Even the town’s name, Paete, goes away from the Spanish colonizer’s norms of
naming places after saints. It was a result of a misunderstanding between a native and a
Franciscan priest.
 Calligraphy- the art of producing decorative handwriting or lettering with a pen or brush
 Baybayin is a Philippine script. The script is an alpha syllabary belonging to the family
of the Brahmic scripts. It was widely used in Luzon and other parts of the Philippines
prior to and during the 16th and 17th centuries before being replaced by the Latin
alphabet during the period of Spanish colonization

 Photography- the art of producing an image of an object on a photographic film

 Photo of the execution by firing squad of the Philippines' National Hero, Dr. Jose Rizal
on December 30, 1896 at Bagumbayan (later called Luneta, then again renamed Rizal
Park in his honor). It was captured by Manuel Arias Rodríguez.

2. APPLIED ARTS- are those in which artistic design is applied to utilitarian objects of everyday use

Forms of Applied Arts

 Architecture- the art of designing and constructing buildings, bridges, and other structures to satisfy
individual or communal needs
 Calle Crisologo in Vigan, Ilocos Sur is a street of old Spanish structures, mostly houses
of wealthy families and Filipino-Chinese traders. This is where you’ll see the famous
cobblestone streets that represent Vigan’s image.
 Fashion Design- the art of designing apparel that are aesthetically pleasing as well as functional. It
involves working with different types of fabrics and patterns which then designed into garments
 Pottery- the process and the products of forming vessels and other objects with clay and
other ceramic materials, which are fired at high temperatures to give them a hard and durable form. One
of the oldest and most widespread of the decorative art
 Burnay - is locally known as Banga in Ilocano, storing like water, rice grains, vinegar, or
fermented fish.
 Manunggul Jar - burial jar
 Jewelry Design- it involves the design of intricate pieces of jewelry from metals, woods or plastics
 Weaving- the craft or action of forming fabric by interlacing threads
 Inabel or Abel Iloco is a weaving tradition native to the Ilocano people of Northern
Luzon in the Philippines.
 Basketry- art and craft of making interwoven objects, usually containers, from flexible vegetable fibers,
such as twigs, grasses, osiers, bamboo, and rushes, or from plastic or other synthetic materials
 A primary function of baskets is to transport objects, mostly agricultural produce. Baskets
(kaing) serve as containers of crops from the fields to the houses and markets and
 generally carried on the head, back, arms, and shoulders. For protection against the
elements, there are hats and raincoats.

3. PERFORMING ARTS- types of art (such as music, dance, or drama) that are performed for an audience

Forms of Performing Arts

 Dance- is a form of art using rhythmic bodily movement expressing ideas and emotions and
accompanied by music
o Sayaw sa Bangko (“dance on a bench”) is a folk dance from the Pangasinan province of the
Philippines. Performers dance on top of a bench that is normally six inches wide.
 Music- a form of art that combines vocal or instrumental sounds to create a composition
o Rondalla was introduced into the Philippines when it was part of the Spanish East Indies.
 Theater and Film- both uses stories that capture the imagination of people. It depicts life’s experiences
through the reenactment of events that take place in real world or happen in the mind of the writer

4. LITERATURE- according to Webster, it is a collection of writings in prose or verse, especially writings

having excellence of form or expression and expressing ideas of permanent or universal interest. The art-form
of language, and words are its tools
 Noli Me Tángere (Touch Me Not) written by Jose Rizal.
 Po-on A Novel by F. Sionil is the first book in the Rosales Saga, which tells stories about
Rosales, Pangasinan in the Philippines.

Contemporary Visual Arts Based on Techniques:

 Collage - pasting different materials such as pictures and pieces of paper or textile.
 Digital arts - describe technological arts which include digital photography and digital painting.
 Graffiti - are either serious, rude, political, humorous words or drawings printed on public walls
or structures.
 Print Making - creation of images, typically on paper, fabric and plastic materials.
 Mixed media - are artworks made by combining two or more art materials or medium.

FILIPINO ARTISTS & THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS AND GAMABA

 The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Award or GAMABA - gives honors and support to traditional
folk artists and ensures the preservation of their skills and crafts.
 First given out in 1993 to two exceptional musicians and a poet, the GAMABA has its origins in the
Rotary Club of Makati-1988 Ayala's National Folk Artists Award.
 In 1992, it was adopted by the government and institutionalized through Republic Act No. 7335, known
as the “Manlilikha ng Bayan Act”
 The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan logo is a stylized representation of the human form used in
traditional cloth. Below the motif is ‘Manlilikha ng Bayan’ written in ancient Filipino script
extensively used throughout the Philippines at the time of Western contact in the sixteenth century.
The GAMABA awardees are:
Ginaw Bilog (1993 - Surat Mangyan & Ambahan Poetry), Masino Intaray (1993 - Epic chanting and storytelling),
Samaon Sulaiman (1993 – Playing the kudyapi), Lang Dulay (1998 - Tinalak weaving), Salinta Monon (1998 - Inabal
weaving), Alonzo Saclag (2000 - Playing Kalinga musical instruments, dance patterns, and movements associated with
rituals), Federico Caballero (2000 - Chanting the sugidanon epic of the Panay-Bukidnon), Uwang Ahadas (2000 - Playing
Yakan musical instruments), Darhata Sawabi (2004 - Pis syabit weaving), Eduardo Mutuc (2004 - Silver plating of
religious and secular art), Haja Amina Appi (2004 - Mat weaving), Teofilo Garcia (2012 - Gourd-casque making),
Magdalena Gamayo (2012 - Abel weaving), Ambalang Ausalin (2016 - Tapestry weaving --Yakan Tennun), Estelita
Bantilan (2016 - Mat weaving -- B’laan Igem), Yabing Masalon Dulo (2016 - Ikat weaving -- B’laan mabal tabih).

MAJOR FILIPINO ARTISTS &THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS

ALL ABOUT WEAVING…
The use of handlooms and other weaving
accessories can be traced to the early Spanish
occupation. This equipment was used in homes to
weave abel cloth for blankets, pillowcases, and
clothes.

 The Elevated Eye

 Badong
 Gala
 Ang Gubat
  Ang Panday
 Isusumbong kita sa tatay ko…
 Pakners

ELEMENTS OF ART and DESIGN

 Line - refers to a prolongation of a point, or a mark on a surface.
 Shape - a closed space made when a line connects to itself.
 Space - the distance or area around or between elements of an artwork. The illusion of depth created on
a flat surface through the use of perspective, overlapping elements, size, level of detail, color and value.
It can be described as two-dimensional (2D) or three dimensional (3D).
 Form - refers to a shape that is or appears to be three dimensional, having weight, width and depth.
- could
also be

categorized as geometric or organic in nature.

 Texture - the feel or appearance of a surface.
 Value - the lightness or darkness of an area
  Color - the visible spectrum of reflected light. It has the 3 attributes such as hue (it’s unique color
name), value (lightness or darkness), and intensity or saturation (purity and strength).

PRINCIPLES of ART
 Balance - refers to the visual weight of the elements. the painting feels stable and "feels right."
Imbalance causes a feeling of discomfort.
 Contrast - is the difference between elements of art in a composition, such that each element is made
stronger in relation to the other. contrasting elements command the viewer's attention. Areas of
contrast are among the first places that a viewer's eye is drawn.
 Emphasis - is when the artist creates an area of the composition that is visually dominant and
commands the viewer's attention.
 Movement - is the result of using the elements of art such that they move the viewer's eye around and
within the image.
 Pattern - is the uniform repetition of any of the elements of art or any combination thereof. Anything
can be turned into a pattern through repetition.
 Unity/Variety - You want your painting to feel unified such that all the elements fit together
comfortably.

EXAMPLES OF ELEMENTS OF ART and DESIGn

EXAMPLES OF PRINCIPLES OF ART

Traditional and non- traditional arts

Forms of arts from the different regions
 Bahay na Bato – Vigan, Ilocos Sur
 Kulintang – Mindanao
 Lumad Dance – Bukidnon
  Panglao watch tower – Bohol
 T’nalak – T’boli of Mindanao

TRADITIONAL ARTS
1. Ethnomedicine
 It is one of the oldest traditional arts in the Philippines.
 These arts possess traditions (and objects associated with it) performed by medical artisans and
shamans, ranging from the babaylan, the manghihilot, and the albularyo.
 The practices, grounded on the principles of the physical elements, is both an ancient science and art
known to the natives.
 Herbal remedies, complemented with mental, emotional, and spiritual techniques, are inherently part of
many of the traditions as well.

2. Folk architecture
 in the Philippines differ significantly per ethnic group,
 structures can be made of bamboo, wood, rock, coral, rattan, grass, and other materials.
 Bale - Rice granaries, Ifugao
 Daru jambangan – palace of flowers
- The royal residence of the ruler of Tausug in Sulu
 Kawayan Torogan – national cultural treasure in Lanao
 Dakay house – oldest surviving coral house in Batanes
 Bahay na Bato – world heritage site and part of national treasure (Vigan)
 Bahay na bato in Intramuros

3. Maritime transport
 in the Philippines includes: boat houses, boat-making, and maritime traditions.
 traditionally made of wood chosen by elders and crafts folks, were used as the main vehicles of the
people, connecting one island to another, where the seas and rivers became the people's roads.
 Balangay – Agusan Del Norte
 Modernized Falua – Batanes
 Paraw – Palawan

4. Weaving
 It is an ancient art form that continue in the Philippines today, with each ethnic group having their
distinct weaving techniques
Cloth and Mat weaving
 Expensive textiles are made through the intricate and difficult process called back-strap looming.
 Fibers such as cotton, abaca, banana fiber, grass, and palm fiber are used in the Filipino dresses and
weaving arts.
 Binakol – itneg tribe, Northern Luzon
 T’nalak - T’boli, Mindanao
 Double ika mat – Sulu

5. Basketry
 fine art of basket weaving has developed intricate designs and forms directed for specific purposes such
as harvesting, rice storage, travel package and so on.
 Pasiking – Mountain province
 Baskets by Iraya Mangyan – Mindoro
 Rice baskets – central Luzon

6. Carving (wood carving)

 Indigenous woodcarving is one of the most notable traditional arts in the Philippines, with some crafts in
various ethnic groups date back prior to Hispanic arrival with perhaps the oldest surviving today are
fragments of a wooden boat dating to 320 AD.
 Kulintang – Mindanao
 San Agustin Church door carvings (1607)
 Carved saddle of the Yakan – Sulu, inlaid with shells

NON-TRADITIONAL ARTS
 1. Dance
 dance choreography, dance direction, and dance performance. 
 Philippine dance is influenced by the folk performing arts of the country, as well as its Hispanic
traditions
 Singkil dance – Lanao
 Pangalay dance – Sulu
 Lumad dance – Bukidnon

2. Music
 epic poetry - Darangen and Hudhud ni Aliguyon
 singing of folk music traditions through various means such as the Harana.
 Manila sound - which brought hopeful themes amidst the decaying status of the country during the
martial law years, 
 Pinoy reggae - which focuses on dancehall music faithful to the expressions of Jamaican reggae
 Pinoy rock - which encompasses rock music with Filipino cultural sensibilities, 
 Pinoy pop - which is one of the most popular genre in the country
 Tagonggo - which is music traditionally played by finely-dressed male musicians
 Kapanirong - which is a serenade genre
  Kulintang - which is a genre of an entire ensemble of musicians utilizing a diverse array of traditional
musical instruments
 Kundiman - which is a traditional genre of Filipino love music,
 Bisrock - which is a genre of Sebwano rock music
 Pinoy hip hop - which is genre of hip hop adopted from American hip hop music.

3. Painting
 Petroglyphs and petrographs are the earliest known folk drawings and paintings in the country, with the
oldest made during the Neolithic age.

4. Sculpture
 Non-folk sculpture in the Philippines is a major art form, with many artists and students focusing on the
subject.
 Notable non-folk sculptures include;
 Oblation – which reflects selfless dedication and service to the natiom
 Rizal Monument - depicting Filipino martyr and scholar José Rizal
 Tandang Sora National Shrine - depicting the revolutionary mother of the Katipunan Melchora Aquino
 Mactan Shrine - which depicts the classical-era hero Lapulapu who vanquished the colonizers during his
lifetime
 People Power Monument - which celebrates the power and activism of the people over its government
 Filipina Comfort Women - which immortalizes the suffering of and judicial need for Filipina comfort
women during World War II
 Bonifacio Monument, depicting the revolutionary hero Andres Bonifacio.

5. Literature
 Poetry, fiction, essay, and literary/art criticism are the focal arts of literature
 usually based on or influenced by the traditional art of folk (oral) literature of the natives
 focuses greatly on works of art from epics, ethnic mythologies, and related stories and traditions.

Yes ses perfect ang cpar mo