Scribd
Upload
30 views9 pages

Assigment Measurement & Instrument (HAZWAN HAZIQ & ADAM SIAM) (A21MJ8013 & A21MJ8010) (Section 01)

The document discusses selecting an instrument for vibration monitoring of an RPAS or small drone. Three possible instruments are listed: an OMNIDIRECTIONAL Geophone ST-14OA, a HORIZONTAL SM-24 Geophone, and a VERTICAL ZF-4.5 Hz Geophone. Their specifications and costs are compared. The OMNIDIRECTIONAL Geophone ST-14OA is selected because it can detect vibrations in both horizontal and vertical directions, unlike the others, and it has fair features at a relatively low price.

Uploaded by

Hazwan Haziq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
30 views9 pages

Assigment Measurement & Instrument (HAZWAN HAZIQ & ADAM SIAM) (A21MJ8013 & A21MJ8010) (Section 01)

The document discusses selecting an instrument for vibration monitoring of an RPAS or small drone. Three possible instruments are listed: an OMNIDIRECTIONAL Geophone ST-14OA, a HORIZONTAL SM-24 Geophone, and a VERTICAL ZF-4.5 Hz Geophone. Their specifications and costs are compared. The OMNIDIRECTIONAL Geophone ST-14OA is selected because it can detect vibrations in both horizontal and vertical directions, unlike the others, and it has fair features at a relatively low price.

Uploaded by

Hazwan Haziq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

ASSIGNMENT 1

SMJE 1043
MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
March 2022

SUBJECT : SMJE 1043


CODE
SUBJECT : MEASUREMENT AND
NAME INSTRUMENTATION
SEMESTER :1

Prepared By:
NAME: ID
1. HAZWAN HAZIQ BIN YAHYA A21MJ8013
KHALID
2. ADAM SIAM ANAK USAN A21MJ8010
1. Introduction - Problem statement
As the years passed, technologies are getting more advances and accessible to the public
such as RPAS and small drones which were used only for military purposes. There are a lot of
drones with different purposes. There are several problems that we need to solve to meet the
requirement for the vibration monitoring of an RPAS or small drones which are, performances
and costing of the drone. Therefore, we will suggest 3 instruments to be selected for the
vibration monitoring of an RPAS or small drones and choose the best one.

2. List of possible measuring instrument to be selected


i. Functionality.
The function of this geophone is to monitor the vibration of the drone. If the drone is not
balance it will fail to fly properly and also can cause damage to some part of the drone

ii. Working principle.


Geophones typically contain a spring-mounted wire-coil mass that is free to move (up and
down) within the field of a case-mounted permanent magnet. The active element of the device
is the wire-coil mass hanging on the spring. When the plane where the Geophones located
shakes the spring-mounted mass has inertia and wants to remain still. As the plane continues
to move, the magnet displaces freely up and down around the spring-mounted mass. This
displacement creates a changing magnetic field which produces a measurable electrical voltage
signal in the coiled wire. These voltage changes occur very quickly. As the voltage is the result
of a natural phenomenon it results in a pure analogue signal.
iii. Data sheet.
A. Omni-directional Geophone 14Hz ST-14OA (SEISTECH company)
(OMNIDIRECTIONAL type)
B. SM-24 Geophone (SPARKFUN company)
(HORIZONTAL type)
C. ZF-4.5 Hz Geophone (Zhaofeng company)
(VERTICAL type)
3. Performance comparison
i. Instrument specification

Type / Name OMNIDIRECTIONAL/ HORIZONTAL/SM- VERTICAL/ZF-


ST-10PN 24 Geophone 4.5 Hz Geophone
Natural 10±2.5% 10±2.5% 4.5±0.5
frequency (Hz)
Open circuit 0.25 0.25 -
damping
Damping with 0.6+5%, -0% 0.6+5%, -0% 0.6+5%
shunt resistance
Open circuit 28.8±2.5% 28.8±2.5% 28.5±5%
sensitivity
(V/m/s)
Coil Resistance 375±2.5% 375±2.5% 395±5%
(ohm)
Harmonic 0.1 0.1 ≤0.3%
Distortion (%)
Typical Spurious >240 >240 ≥140
Frequency (Hz)
Moving Mass (g) 11.0 11.0 11.0

Max. coil 2.0 2.0 1.52


excursion p-p
(mm)
Max. tilt angle 10º 10º 0º
Element 25.4 25.4 25.4
Diameter (mm)
Element Height 32.0 32.0 33.3
(mm)
Element Weight 74.0 74.0 87
(g)
Operating -40 °𝐶 to + 100 °𝐶 -40 °𝐶 to + 100 °𝐶 -40 °𝐶 to + 80 °𝐶
Temperature °𝑪

ii. Costing

Type / Name PRICE


OMNIDIRECTIONAL/ RM150.43
ST-10PN
HORIZONTAL/SM-24 RM285.38
Geophone
VERTICAL/ZF-4.5 Hz RM135.45
Geophone
4. Description on why do you opted to select the sensor.

Based on the 3 suggestions above we chose OMNIDIRECTIONAL/ST-10PN since it


is the one that meets our requirements. Unlike, HORIZONTAL/SM-24 Geophone and
VERTICAL/ZF-4.5 Hz Geophone which can only detect one direction. it can detect both
horizontal and vertical which is good especially drones can move both directions also. The
prices are also fair it is way cheaper than HORIZONTAL/SM-24 Geophone and slightly
expensive than VERTICAL/ZF-4.5 Hz Geophone.
5. Conclusion.
In conclusion, we can conclude that based on the 3 suggestion we have choose
OMNIDIRECTIONAL/ST-10PN as it is the one with the most features with a fair price based
compared to the other instruments.
6. Reference (at least 5 references).
1. https://www.acessystems.com/the-importance-of-
monitoring-aircraft-vibrations/
2. https://www.seis-tech.com/sm-24-equivalent-geophone-
sensor/
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sbbQY-C3Nps
4. https://www.guidelinegeo.com/help-articles/what-do-i-
need-to-know-about-geophones/
5. https://zfgeo.aliexpress.com/store/2846067?spm=a2g0o.
detail.100005.2.4ad8417bzXfUre
6. https://www.sparkfun.com/products/11744

You might also like