ANSWERS/HINTS

345

APPENDIX 1 ANSWERS/HINTS
EXERCISE 1.1
1. (i) 45 3. 8 columns 4. An integer can be of the form 3q, 3q + 1 or 3q + 2. Square all of these integers. 5. An integer can be of the form 9q, 9q + 1, 9q + 2, 9q + 3, . . ., or 9q + 8. (ii) 196 (iii) 51 2. An integer can be of the form 6q, 6q + 1, 6q + 2, 6q + 3, 6q + 4 or 6q + 5.

EXERCISE 1.2
1. 2. 3. (i) 2 5 7 (iv) 5 7 11 13 (i) LCM = 182; HCF = 13 (i) LCM = 420; HCF = 3
2

(ii) 22 3 13 (v) 17 19 23 (ii) LCM = 23460; HCF = 2 (ii) LCM = 11339; HCF = 1 7. 36 minutes

(iii) 32 52 17 (iii) LCM = 3024; HCF = 6 (iii) LCM = 1800; HCF = 1

4. 22338

EXERCISE 1.4
1. (i) Terminating (iii) Non-terminating repeating (v) Non-terminating repeating (vii) Non-terminating repeating (ix) Terminating 2. (i) 0.00416 (vi) 0.115 (ii) 2.125 (viii) 0.4 (ii) Terminating (iv) Terminating (vi) Terminating (viii) Terminating (x) Non-terminating repeating (iv) 0.009375 (ix) 0.7

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346 3. (i) Rational, prime factors of q will be either 2 or 5 or both only. (ii) Not rational (iii) Rational, prime factors of q will also have a factor other than 2 or 5.

MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE 2.1
1. (i) No zeroes (ii) 1 (iii) 3 (iv) 2 (v) 4 (vi) 3

EXERCISE 2.2
1. (i) 2, 4 (iv) 2, 0 2. (i) 4x2 x 4 (iv) x2 x + 1 (ii)
1 1 , 2 2
1 3 (iii) , 3 2

(v) 15, 15 (ii) 3x 2 3 2 x + 1 (v) 4x2 + x + 1

(vi) 1,

4 3

(iii) x 2 + 5 (vi) x2 4x + 1

EXERCISE 2.3
1. (i) Quotient = x 3 and remainder = 7x 9 (ii) Quotient = x2 + x 3 and remainder = 8 (iii) Quotient = x2 2 and remainder = 5x + 10 2. 5. (i) Yes (ii) Yes (iii) No 3. 1, 1 4. g(x) = x2 x + 1 (i) p(x) = 2x2 2x + 14, g(x) = 2, q(x) = x2 x + 7, r(x) = 0 (ii) p(x) = x3 + x2 + x + 1, g(x) = x2 1, q(x) = x + 1, r(x) = 2x + 2 (iii) p(x) = x3 + 2x2 x + 2, g(x) = x2 1, q(x) = x + 2, r(x) = 4 There can be several examples in each of (i), (ii) and (iii).

EXERCISE 2.4 (Optional)*

2. x3 2x2 7x + 14 4. 5, 7 3. a = 1, b =

5. k = 5 and a = 5

EXERCISE 3.1
1. Algebraically the two situations can be represented as follows: x 7y + 42 = 0; x 3y 6 = 0, where x and y are respectively the present ages of Aftab and

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ANSWERS/HINTS

347

his daughter. To represent the situations graphically, you can draw the graphs of these two linear equations. 2. Algebraically the two situations can be represented as follows: x + 2y = 1300; x + 3y = 1300, where x and y are respectively the costs (in Rs) of a bat and a ball. To represent the situations graphically, you can draw the graphs of these two linear equations. 3. Algebraically the two situations can be represented as follows: 2x + y = 160; 4x + 2y = 300, where x and y are respectively the prices (in Rs per kg) of apples and grapes. To represent the situations graphically, you can draw the graphs of these two linear equations.

EXERCISE 3.2
1. (i) Required pair of linear equations is x + y = 10; x y = 4, where x is the number of girls and y is the number of boys. To solve graphically draw the graphs of these equations on the same axes on graph paper. Girls = 7, Boys = 3. (ii) Required pair of linear equations is 5x + 7y = 50; 7x + 5y = 46, where x and y represent the cost (in Rs) of a pencil and of a pen respectively. To solve graphically, draw the graphs of these equations on the same axes on graph paper. Cost of one pencil = Rs 3, Cost of one pen = Rs 5 2. 3. 4. (i) Intersect at a point (i) Consistent (iv) Consistent (i) Consistent (ii) Coincident (ii) Inconsistent (v) Consistent (ii) Inconsistent (iii) Consistent (iv) Inconsistent (iii) Parallel (iii) Consistent

The solution of (i) above, is given by y = 5 x, where x can take any value, i.e., there are infinitely many solutions. The solution of (iii) above is x = 2, y = 2, i.e., unique solution. 5. Length = 20 m and breadth = 16 m. 6. One possible answer for the three parts: (i) 3x + 2y 7 = 0 (ii) 2x + 3y 12 = 0 (iii) 4x + 6y 16 = 0 7. Vertices of the triangle are (1, 0), (4, 0) and (2, 3).

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348

MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE 3.3
1. (i) x = 9, y = 5 (iv) x = 2, y = 3 2. x = 2, y = 5; m = 1 3. (i) x y = 26, x = 3y, where x and y are two numbers (x > y); x = 39, y = 13. (ii) x y = 18, x + y = 180, where x and y are the measures of the two angles in degrees; x = 99, y = 81. (iii) 7x + 6y = 3800, 3x + 5y = 1750, where x and y are the costs (in Rs) of one bat and one ball respectively; x = 500, y = 50. (iv) x + 10y = 105, x + 15y = 155, where x is the fixed charge (in Rs) and y is the charge (in Rs per km); x =5, y = 10; Rs 255. (v) 11x 9y + 4 = 0, 6x 5y + 3 = 0, where x and y are numerator and denominator of the fraction;
7 ( x = 7, y = 9). 9

(ii) s = 9, t = 6 (v) x = 0, y = 0

(iii) y = 3x 3, (vi) x = 2, y = 3

where x can take any value, i.e., infinitely many solutions.

(vi) x 3y 10 = 0, x 7y + 30 = 0, where x and y are the ages in years of Jacob and his son; x = 40, y = 10.

EXERCISE 3.4
1. (i) x =
19 6 , y= 5 5

(ii) x = 2, y = 1

(iii) x =

9 5 ,y= 13 13

(iv) x = 2, y = 3 2. (i) x y + 2 = 0, 2x y 1 = 0, where x and y are the numerator and denominator of the fraction;
3 5

(ii) x 3y + 10 = 0, x 2y 10 = 0, where x and y are the ages (in years) of Nuri and Sonu respectively. Age of Nuri (x) = 50, Age of Sonu (y) = 20. (iii) x + y = 9, 8x y = 0, where x and y are respectively the tens and units digits of the number; 18. (iv) x + 2y = 40, x + y = 25, where x and y are respectively the number of Rs 50 and Rs 100 notes; x = 10, y = 15. (v) x + 4y = 27, x + 2y = 21, where x is the fixed charge (in Rs) and y is the additional charge (in Rs) per day; x = 15, y = 3.

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ANSWERS/HINTS

349

EXERCISE 3.5
1. 2. 4. (i) No solution (iii) Infinitely many solutions (i) a = 5, b = 1 (ii) k = 2 (ii) Unique solution; x = 2, y = 1 (iv) Unique solution; x = 4, y = 1 3. x = 2, y = 5

(i) x + 20y = 1000, x + 26y = 1180, where x is the fixed charges (in Rs) and y is the charges (in Rs) for food per day; x = 400, y = 30. (ii) 3x y 3 = 0, 4x y 8 = 0, where x and y are the numerator and denominator of the 5 fraction; 12 (iii) 3x y = 40, 2x y = 25, where x and y are the number of right answers and wrong answers respectively; 20. (iv) u v = 20, u + v = 100, where u and v are the speeds (in km/h) of the two cars; u = 60, v = 40. (v) 3x 5y 6 = 0, 2x + 3y 61 = 0, where x and y are respectively the length and breadth (in units) of the rectangle; length (x) = 17, breadth (y) = 9.

EXERCISE 3.6
1.
1, 1 y= 2 3 (iv) x = 4, y = 5

(i) x =

(ii) x = 4, y = 9 (v) x = 1, y = 1 (viii) x = 1, y = 1

1, y = 2 5 (vi) x = 1, y = 2

(iii) x =

(vii) x = 3, y = 2 2.

(i) u + v = 10, u v = 2, where u and v are respectively speeds (in km/h) of rowing and current; u = 6, v = 4. (ii)
2 5 1, 3 6 1, + = + = where n and m are the number of days taken by 1 woman n m 4 n m 3 and 1 man to finish the embroidery work; n = 18, m = 36. 60 240 100 200 25 , where u and v are respectively the speeds + = 4, + = u v u v 6 (in km/h) of the train and bus; u = 60, v = 80.

(iii)

EXERCISE 3.7 (Optional)*

1. Age of Ani is 19 years and age of Biju is 16 years or age of Ani 21 years and age of Biju 24 years. 2. Rs 40, Rs 170. Let the money with the first person (in Rs) be x and the money with the second person (in Rs) be y. x + 100 = 2( y 100), y + 10 = 6 (x 10)

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350 3. 600 km 4. 36

MATHEMATICS 5. A = 20, B = 40, C = 120

c ( a b) b , c ( a b) + a y= a 2 b2 a 2 b2 2ab a+b

6. Coordinates of the vertices of the triangle are (1, 0), (0, 3), (0, 5). 7. (i) x = 1, y = 1 (iii) x = a, y = b (ii) x =

(iv) x = a + b, y =

(v) x = 2, y = 1

8. A = 120, B = 70, C = 60, D = 110

EXERCISE 4.1
1. 2. (i) Yes (v) Yes
2

(ii) Yes (vi) No

(iii) No (vii) No

(iv) Yes (viii) Yes

(i) 2x + x 528 = 0, where x is breadth (in metres) of the plot. (ii) x2 + x 306 = 0, where x is the smaller integer. (iii) x2 + 32x 273 = 0, where x (in years) is the present age of Rohan. (iv) u2 8u 1280 = 0, where u (in km/h) is the speed of the train.

EXERCISE 4.2
1. (i) 2, 5
1, 1 4 4

(ii) 2,

3 2

(iii)

5 , 2 2

(iv) 2.

(v)

1, 1 10 10

(i) 9, 36

(ii) 25, 30 4. Positive integers are 13 and 14. 6. Number of articles = 6, Cost of each article = Rs 15

3. Numbers are 13 and 14. 5. 5 cm and 12 cm

EXERCISE 4.3
1.
1, 3 2 (iv) Do not exist

(i)

(ii)

1 33 , 1 + 33 4 4 3 13 , 3 + 13 2 2

(iii)

3, 3 2 2

2. Same as 1

3. (i)

(ii) 1, 2

4. 7 years

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ANSWERS/HINTS 5. Marks in mathematics = 12, marks in English = 18; or, Marks in mathematics = 13, marks in English = 17 6. 120 m, 90 m 8. 40 km/h 7. 18, 12 or 18, 12 9. 15 hours, 25 hours

351

10. Speed of the passenger train = 33 km/h, speed of express train = 44 km/h 11. 18 m, 12 m

EXERCISE 4.4
1. 2. (i) Real roots do not exist (ii) Equal roots; (ii) k = 6 4. No 5. Yes. 20 m, 20 m

2 , 2 3 3

(iii) Distinct roots;

3 3 2

(i) k = 2 6 3. Yes. 40 m, 20 m

EXERCISE 5.1
1. (i) Yes. 15, 23, 31, . . . forms an AP as each succeeding term is obtained by adding 8 in its preceding term. (ii) No. Volumes are V,

3V , 3 V, L 4 4

(iii) Yes. 150, 200, 250, . . . form an AP.

2 3

8 , 8 , 8 , (iv) No. Amounts are 10000 1 + 10000 1 + 10000 1 + L 100 100 100 2. (i) 10, 20, 30, 40 (ii) 2, 2, 2, 2 (iii) 4, 1, 2, 5
1 1 (iv) 1, , 0, 2 2 3. (i) a = 3, d = 2

(v) 1.25, 1. 50, 1.75, 2.0 (ii) a = 5, d = 4 (iv) a = 0.6, d = 1.1 (ii) Yes. d =
1 9 ; 4, , 5 2 2

(iii) a = 4. (i) No

1, 4 d = 3 3

(iii) Yes. d = 2; 9.2, 11.2, 13.2 (v) Yes. d =

2 ; 3 + 4 2, 3 + 5 2, 3 + 6 2

(iv) Yes. d = 4; 6, 10, 14 (vi) No

1 1 1 (viii) Yes. d = 0; , , 2 2 2

(vii) Yes. d = 4; 16, 20, 24

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352 (ix) No (xi) No (xiii) No (x) Yes. d = a; 5a, 6a, 7a (xii) Yes. d = (xiv) No

MATHEMATICS

2;

50 , 72 , 98
(xv) Yes. d = 24; 97, 121, 145

EXERCISE 5.2
1. 2. 3. (i) an = 28 (i) C (i) 14 (ii) d = 2 (ii) B (ii) 18 , 8 (iii) 6 1 , 8 2 (v) 5. (i) 34 7. 178 10. 1 13. 128 16. 4, 10, 16, 22, . . . (iii) a = 46 (iv) n = 10 (v) an = 3.5

(iv) 2 , 0 , 2 , 4 4. 16th term 6. No 9. 5th term 12. 100 15. 13 17. 20th term from the last term is 158. 18. 13, 8, 3

53 , 23 , 8 , 7
(ii) 27 8. 64 11. 65th term 14. 60

19. 11th year

20. 10

EXERCISE 5.3
1. (i) 245
1 2

(ii) 180

(iii) 5505

(iv)

33 20

2.

(i) 1046

(ii) 286
7, S = 273 3 13 35 , 85 a9 = 3 3

(iii) 8930

3.

(i) n = 16, Sn = 440 (iv) d = 1, a10 = 8

54 5

(ii) d =

(iii) a = 4, S12 = 246 (vi) n = 5, an = 34

(v) a =

(vii) n = 6, d = (x) a = 4

(viii) n = 7, a = 8

(ix) d = 6

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ANSWERS/HINTS 4. 12. By putting a = 9, d = 8, S = 636 in the formula S =

353

n [2a + (n 1) d ], we get a quadratic 2 53 equation 4n2 + 5n 636 = 0. On solving, we get n = , 12 . Out of these two roots only 4 one root 12 is admissible.
8 3

5. n = 16, d = 8. S51 = 5610

6. n = 38, S = 6973 9. n 2

7. Sum = 1661 10. (i) S15 = 525 (ii) S15 = 465

11. S1 = 3, S2 = 4; a2 = S2 S1 = 1; S3 = 3, a3 = S3 S2 = 1, a10 = S10 S9 = 15; an = Sn Sn 1 = 5 2n. 12. 4920 17. 234 13. 960 18. 143 cm 14. 625 15. Rs 27750 16. Values of the prizes (in Rs) are 160, 140, 120, 100, 80, 60, 40. 19. 16 rows, 5 logs are placed in the top row. By putting S = 200, a = 20, d = 1 in the formula n S = [2a + ( n 1) d ], we get, 41n n2 = 400. On solving, n = 16, 25. Therefore, the 2 number of rows is either 16 or 25. a25 = a + 24 d = 4 i.e., number of logs in 25th row is 4 which is not possible. Therefore n = 25 is not possible. For n = 16, a16 = 5. Therefore, there are 16 rows and 5 logs placed in the top row. 20. 370 m

EXERCISE 5.4 (Optional)*

1. 32nd term 4. 35 2. S16 = 20, 76 5. 750 m3 3. 385 cm

EXERCISE 6.1
1. (i) Similar (iv) Equal, Proportional (ii) Similar 3. No (iii) Equilateral

EXERCISE 6.2
1. 2. (i) 2 cm (i) No (ii) 2.4 cm (ii) Yes (iiii) Yes

9. Through O, draw a line parallel to DC, intersecting AD and BC at E and F respectively.

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354

MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE 6.3
1. (i) Yes. AAA, ABC ~ PQR (iii) No (v) No (ii) Yes. SSS, ABC ~ QRP (iv) Yes. SAS, MNL ~ QPR (vi) Yes. AA, DEF ~ PQR

2. 55, 55, 55 14. Produce AD to a point E such that AD = DE and produce PM to a point N such that PM = MN. Join EC and NR. 15. 42 m

EXERCISE 6.4
1. 11.2 cm 2. 4 : 1 5. 1 : 4 8. C 9. D

EXERCISE 6.5
1. (i) Yes, 25 cm 6. a 3 12. 13 m (ii) No 9. 6 m 17. C (iii) No 10. 6 7 m (iv) Yes, 13 cm 11. 300 61 km

EXERCISE 6.6 (Optional)*

1. Through R, draw a line parallel to SP to intersect QP produced at T. Show PT = PR. 6. Use result (iii) of Q.5 of this Exercise. 7. 3 m, 2.79 m

EXERCISE 7.1
1. (i) 2 2 2. 39; 39 km 6. (i) Square 7. ( 7, 0) 10. 3x + y 5 = 0 (ii) 4 2 3. No (iii) 2 a 2 + b 2 4. Yes 5. Champa is correct. (iii) Parallelogram 9. 4, QR =

(ii) No quadrilateral 8. 9, 3

41, PR = 82 , 9 2

EXERCISE 7.2
1. (1, 3)

5 7 2. 2, ; 0, 3 3

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ANSWERS/HINTS 3.

355 4. 2 : 7 7. (3, 10)

61 m; 5th line at a distance of 22.5 m

6. x = 6, y = 3

3 5. 1 : 1 ; , 0 2 2 20 8. , 7 7

7 13 9. 1, , (0,5), 1, 2 2

10. 24 sq. units

EXERCISE 7.3
1. (i)
21 sq. units 2

(ii) 32 sq. units 4. 28 sq. units

2. (i) k = 4

(ii) k = 3

3. 1 sq. unit; 1 : 4

EXERCISE 7.4 (Optional)*

1. 2 : 9 5. 2. x + 3y 7 = 0 3. (3, 2) 4. (1, 0), (1, 4 ) (i) (4, 6), (3, 2), (6, 5); taking AD and AB as coordinate axes
9 sq. units, (ii) (12, 2), (13, 6), (10, 3); taking CB and CD as coordinate axes. 2 9 sq. units; areas are the same in both the cases. 2

6. 7.

15 sq. units; 1 : 16 32

7 9 (i) D , 2 2
11 11 11 11 (iii) Q , , R , 3 3 3 3

11 11 (ii) P , 3 3
(iv) P, Q, R are the same point. 8. Rhombus

x + x2 + x3 , y1 + y2 + y3 (v) 1 3 3

EXERCISE 8.1
1. (i) sin A =
7 , 24 cos A = 25 25

(ii) sin C =

24 , 7 cos C = 25 25

2. 0

3. cos A =

7, 3 tan A = 4 7

4. sin A =

15 , 17 sec A = 17 8

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356 5. sin =
5, 12 , 5 12 13 cos = tan = , cot = , cosec = 13 13 12 5 5

MATHEMATICS

7. 9. 11.

(i)

49 64

(ii) (ii) 0 (ii) True

49 64

8. Yes
12 , 5 12 cos P = , tan P = 13 13 5

(i) 1 (i) False

10. sin P = (iii) False

(iv) False

(v) False

EXERCISE 8.2
1. 2. (i) 1 (i) A (ii) 2 (ii) D (ii) True (iii)
3 2 6 8

(iv)

43 24 3 11
(iv) False

(v)

67 12

(iii) A

(iv) C (iii) False

3. A = 45, B = 15 (v) True

4. (i) False

EXERCISE 8.3
1. (i) 1 (ii) 1 (iii) 0 5. A = 22 (iv) 0 7. cos 23 + sin 15 3. A = 36

EXERCISE 8.4
1. sin A =
1 1 + cot 2 A , tan A = 1 , sec A = cot A 1 + cot 2 A cot A

2. sin A =

sec 2 A 1 , 1 , cos A = tan A = sec A sec A

sec 2 A 1

cot A =

1 sec A 1
2

, cosec A =

sec A sec 2 A 1

3.

(i) 1

(ii) 1

4. (i) B

(ii) C

(iii) D

(iv) D

EXERCISE 9.1
1. 10 m 2. 8 3 m 3. 3m, 2 3 m 4. 10 3 m

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ANSWERS/HINTS 5. 40 3 m
2 9. 16 m 3

357 6. 19 3 m 10. 20 3 m, 20 m, 60 m 7. 20

3 1 m

8. 0.8 12. 7

3 +1 m 3 +1 m

11. 10 3 m, 10 m 15. 3 seconds

13. 75( 3 1)m 14. 58 3 m

EXERCISE 10.1
1. Infinitely many 2. (i) One (ii) Secant (iii) Two (iv) Point of contact 3. D

EXERCISE 10.2
1. A 7. 8 cm 2. B 3. A 6. 3 cm 12. AB = 15 cm, AC = 13 cm

EXERCISE 12.1
1. 28 cm 4. 4375 2. 10 cm 5. A 3. Gold : 346.5 cm2; Red : 1039.5 cm2; Blue : 1732.5 cm2; Black : 2425.5 cm2; White : 3118.5 cm2.

EXERCISE 12.2
1. 4. 5.
132 2 cm 7

2.

77 2 cm 8

3.

154 2 cm 3

(i) 28.5 cm2 (i) 22 cm

(ii) 235.5 cm2 (ii) 231 cm2

441 3 2 (iii) 231 cm 4

6. 20.4375 cm2 ; 686.0625 cm2 8. 10. (i) 19.625 m2

22275 cm 2 28

7. 88.44 cm2 9. (i) 285 mm

158125 cm2 126

(ii) 58.875 cm2 11.

(ii)

385 mm 2 4

12. 189.97 km2

13. Rs 162.68

14. D

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358

MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE 12.3
1.
4523 2 cm 28

2.

154 2 cm 3
68 cm 2 7 2804 m 7

3. 42 cm2

660 4. + 36 3 cm 2 7
7. 42 cm2 9. 66.5 cm2 12. (i)
77 cm 2 8

5.

22528 768 3 cm 2 6. 7
(ii) 4320 m2 11. 378 cm2 13. 228 cm2
256 cm 2 7

8. (i)

10. 1620.5 cm2 (ii)

49 cm 2 8

14.

308 cm 2 3

15. 98 cm2

16.

EXERCISE 13.1
1. 160 cm2 2. 572 cm2 3. 214.5 cm2 4. Greatest diameter = 7 cm,surface area = 332.5 cm2 5.
1 2 l ( + 24 ) 4

6. 220 m2 9. 374 cm2

7. 44 m2, Rs 22000

8. 18 cm2

EXERCISE 13.2
1. cm3 2. 66 cm3. Volume of the air inside the model = Volume of air inside (cone + cylinder + cone)

1 1 = r 2 h1 + r 2 h2 + r 2 h1 , where r is the radius of the cone and the cylinder, h1 is 3 3 the height (length) of the cone and h2 is the height (length) of the cylinder.
Required Volume = 3. 338 cm3 7. 1.131 m (approx.)
3

1 2 r ( h1 + 3 h2 + h1 ) . 3

4. 523.53 cm3

5. 100
3

6. 892.26 kg

8. Not correct. Correct answer is 346.51 cm .

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ANSWERS/HINTS

359

EXERCISE 13.3
1. 2.74 cm 4. 1.125 m 7. 36 cm; 12 13 cm 2. 12 cm 5. 10 3. 2.5 m 6. 400 9. 100 minutes

8. 562500 m2 or 56.25 hectares.

EXERCISE 13.4
2 1. 102 cm3 3

2. 48 cm2

2 3. 710 cm 2 7

4. Cost of milk is Rs 209 and cost of metal sheet is Rs 156.75.

5. 7964.4 m

EXERCISE 13.5 (Optional)*

1. 1256 cm; 788g (approx) 3. 1792 2. 30.14 cm3; 52.75 cm2
4 5. 782 cm 2 7

EXERCISE 14.1
1. 2. 5. 8. 8.1 plants. We have used direct method because numerical values of xi and fi are small. Rs 145.20 3. f = 20 4. 75.9 57.19 6. Rs 211 7. 0.099 ppm 12.38 days 9. 69.43 %

EXERCISE 14.2
1. Mode = 36.8 years, Mean = 35.37 years. Maximum number of patients admitted in the hospital are of the age 36.8 years (approx.), while on an average the age of a patient admitted to the hospital is 35.37 years. 2. 65.625 hours 3. Modal monthly expenditure = Rs 1847.83, Mean monthly expenditure = Rs 2662.5. 4. Mode : 30.6, Mean = 29.2. Most states/U.T. have a student teacher ratio of 30.6 and on an average, this ratio is 29.2. 5. Mode = 4608.7 runs 6. Mode = 44.7 cars

EXERCISE 14.3
1. Median = 137 units, Mean = 137.05 units, Mode = 135.76 units. The three measures are approximately the same in this case.

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360 2. x = 8, y = 7 4. Median length = 146.75 mm 7. Median weight = 56.67 kg 3. Median age = 35.76 years 5. Median life = 3406.98 hours

MATHEMATICS

6. Median = 8.05, Mean = 8.32, Modal size = 7.88

EXERCISE 14.4
1. Daily income (in Rs) Less than 120 Less than 140 Less than 160 Less than 180 Less than 200 Cumulative frequency 12 26 34 40 50 Draw ogive by plotting the points : (120, 12), (140, 26), (160, 34), (180, 40) and (200, 50)

2. Draw the ogive by plotting the points : (38, 0), (40, 3), (42, 5), (44, 9), (46, 14), (48, 28), (50, 32) and (52, 35). Here
n = 17.5. Locate the point on the ogive whose ordinate is 17.5. 2 The x-coordinate of this point will be the median.

3. Production yield (kg/ha) More than or equal to 50 More than or equal to 55 More than or equal to 60 More than or equal to 65 More than or equal to 70 More than or equal to 75 Cumulative frequency 100 98 90 78 54 16

Now, draw the ogive by plotting the points : (50, 100), (55, 98), (60, 90), (65, 78), (70, 54) and (75, 16).

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ANSWERS/HINTS

361

EXERCISE 15.1
1. (i) 1 (iv) 1 (ii) 0, impossible event (v) 0, 1 (iii) 1, sure or certain event

2. The experiments (iii) and (iv) have equally likely outcomes. 3. When we toss a coin, the outcomes head and tail are equally likely. So, the result of an individual coin toss is completely unpredictable. 4. B 7. 0.008
5 17 8 17

5. 0.95 8. (i)
13 17

6. (i) 0 (ii)
5 8

(ii) 1

3 8

9. (i)
5 13

(ii)

(iii)

10. (i)
1 8

5 9

(ii)

17 18

11.

12. (i)
1 2
1 26

(ii)

1 2

(iii)

3 4

(iv) 1

13. (i)

(ii)

1 2

(iii)
3 13

1 2

14. (i)

(ii)

(iii)
1 4

3 26

(iv)

1 52

(v)
11 12

1 4

(vi)

1 52

15. (i)

1 5
1 5 1 3

(ii) (a)
15 19 1 6

(b) 0
9 10

16.
1 10

17. (i)

(ii)

18. (i)
24

(ii)

(iii)
31 36

1 5

19. (i) 22. (i)

(ii)

20.

21. (i)

(ii)

5 36

Sum on 2 dice

10

11

12

Probability

1 36

2 36

3 36

4 36

5 36

6 36

5 36

4 36

3 36

2 36

1 36

(ii) No. The eleven sums are not equally likely.

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362

MATHEMATICS
3 ; Possible outcomes are : HHH, TTT, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH. Here, THH 4 means tail in the first toss, head on the second toss and head on the third toss and so on.

23.

24. 25.

(i)

25 36

(ii)

11 36

(i) Incorrect. We can classify the outcomes like this but they are not then equally likely. Reason is that one of each can result in two ways from a head on first coin and tail on the second coin or from a tail on the first coin and head on the second coin. This makes it twicely as likely as two heads (or two tails). (ii) Correct. The two outcomes considered in the question are equally likely.

EXERCISE 15.2 (Optional)*

1. (i)
1 5

(ii)

8 25

(iii)

4 5

2. 1 2 2 3 3 6
1 2
1 9

1 2 3 3 4 4 7

2 3 4 4 5 5 8
5 12

2 3 4 4 5 5 8

3 4 5 5 6 6 9

3 4 5 5 6 6 9

6 7 8 8 9 9 12

(i) 3. 10

(ii)

(iii) 4.

x, x=3 12

5. 8

EXERCISE A1.1
1. (i) Ambiguous (v) Ambiguous (ii) True (iii) True (iv) Ambiguous

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ANSWERS/HINTS 2. 4. (i) True (ii) True (iii) False (iv) True (v) True

363

3. Only (ii) is true. (i) If a > 0 and a2 > b2, then a > b. (ii) If xy > 0 and x2 = y2, then x = y. (iii) If (x + y)2 = x2 + y2 and y 0, then x = 0. (iv) The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

EXERCISE A1.2
1. A is mortal 2. ab is rational

3. Decimal expansion of 17 is non-terminating non-recurring. 4. y = 7 6. PQRS is a rectangle. 7. Yes, because of the premise. No, because premise was wrong, the conclusion is false. 5. A = 100, C = 100, D = 180

3721 = 61 which is not irrational. Since the

EXERCISE A1.3
1. Take two consecutive odd numbers as 2n + 1 and 2n + 3 for some integer n.

EXERCISE A1.4
1. (i) Man is not mortal. (ii) Line l is not parallel to line m. (iii) The chapter does not have many exercises. (iv) Not all integers are rational numbers. (v) All prime numbers are not odd. (vi) Some students are lazy. (vii) All cats are black. (viii) There is at least one real number x, such that (ix) 2 does not divide the positive integer a. (x) Integers a and b are not coprime. 2. (i) Yes (ii) No (iii) No (iv) No (v) Yes
x = 1.

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MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE A1.5
1. (i) If Sharan sweats a lot, then it is hot in Tokyo. (ii) If Shalinis stomach grumbles, then she is hungry. (iii) If Jaswant can get a degree, then she has a scholarship. (iv) If a plant is alive, then it has flowers. (v) If an animal has a tail, then it is a cat. 2. (i) If the base angles of triangle ABC are equal, then it is isosceles. True. (ii) If the square of an integer is odd, then the integer is odd. True. (iii) If x = 1, then x2 = 1. True. (iv) If AC and BD bisect each other, then ABCD is a parallelogram. True. (v) If a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c, then a, b and c are whole numbers. False. (vi) If x + y is an even number, then x and y are odd. False. (vii) If a parallelogram is a rectangle, its vertices lie on a circle. True.

EXERCISE A1.6
1. Suppose to the contrary b d. 3. See Example 10 of Chapter 1. 6. See Theorem 5.1 of Class IX Mathematics Textbook.

EXERCISE A2.2
1. (i)
1 5

(ii) 160

2. Take 1 cm2 area and count the number of dots in it. Total number of trees will be the product of this number and the area (in cm2). 3. Rate of interest in instalment scheme is 17.74 %, which is less than 18 %.

EXERCISE A2.3
1. Students find their own answers.

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