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Summary Chapter 2 - Data Models

This document discusses data models which provide a graphical representation of complex data structures in database management systems. It describes the basic building blocks of data models including entities, attributes, relationships and constraints. Entities represent real-world objects, attributes are characteristics of entities, relationships describe associations between entities, and constraints place restrictions on data. The document also discusses business rules, the evolution of data models, and abstraction levels in data models.

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MUHAMMAD AKMAL MOHD ZAHAR
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51 views

Summary Chapter 2 - Data Models

This document discusses data models which provide a graphical representation of complex data structures in database management systems. It describes the basic building blocks of data models including entities, attributes, relationships and constraints. Entities represent real-world objects, attributes are characteristics of entities, relationships describe associations between entities, and constraints place restrictions on data. The document also discusses business rules, the evolution of data models, and abstraction levels in data models.

Uploaded by

MUHAMMAD AKMAL MOHD ZAHAR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATA MODELS

(SUMMARY)
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (ICT501)

Pn Marhainis Jamaludin
Faculty Of Computer And Mathematical Sciences
Uitm Kelantan
Data Models

• What is Data Model?


• A simple representation usually graphical presentation of a complex real-world
data structures
• Importance of Data Model
• To facilitate the interaction between the database designer, application
programmer and end user.
• To improve understanding of the developed database
• Similar to a blueprint concept.
Basic Building Blocks of Data Model
1. Entity
• Is a person, place, thing or event about which data will be collected and stored.
• Represents a particular type of object in the real world, for example STUDENT, VACATION, PRODUCT

2. Attribute
• Is a characteristic of an entity.
• Example : the attributes for STUDENT entity can be student number, student name, age, gender, program

3. Relationship
• Describes the association between the entities.
• Example : relationship between STUDENT entity and LECTURER entity can be described as each student can be
taught by many lecturers and each lecturer can teach many students.
• Three types of relationships :
1. One-to-One (1:1)
2. One-to-Many (1:M)
3. Many-to-Many (M:N)
4. Constraint
• Is a restriction placed on data to ensure the data integrity.
• Example : a student’s CGPA must be between 0.00 and 4.00
Each teach must supervise only one student.
Business Rules

• Is a brief, precise and clear description of a policy, procedures or principles within an


organization.
• It is derived from a detailed description of organization’s operations to help create and
enforce actions within the organization environment.
• Business rules are used to define entities, attributes, relationships and constraints.
• Business rules must be written clearly and easy to understand to ensure that everybody
in the organization can have a common interpretation of the rules written.
• Example :
“Each student can register many subjects, and each subject can be registered by many students”
“Each student must register at least one subject and maximum 6 subjects”
Evolution of Data Models
Data Abstraction Levels
EXERCISES

1. Outline the importance of the data model to the database designer.

2. “Database designers must often make design compromises that are


triggered by conflicting goals such as adherence to design standards,
processing speed and information requirements”.

Discuss any TWO (2) conflicting goals.


References

• Peter Rob and Carlos Coronel, Database Systems: Design, Implementation


and Management, International Thomson Publishing (ITP), tenth Edition,
2009.
• UiTM Past Year Exam Questions

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