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Data Analysis Final

This study examined sleep quality and duration among college students. It found that up to 60% of college students suffer from poor sleep quality and 7.7% meet the criteria for an insomnia disorder. Poor sleep was associated with lower GPAs and daytime sleepiness. The study involved 27 students who were assessed for sleep disorders, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and sleep-related traits and cognitions. It found high rates of sleep disturbances and fulfilled criteria for sleep disorders among participants.

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Ashley Fernandez
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43 views

Data Analysis Final

This study examined sleep quality and duration among college students. It found that up to 60% of college students suffer from poor sleep quality and 7.7% meet the criteria for an insomnia disorder. Poor sleep was associated with lower GPAs and daytime sleepiness. The study involved 27 students who were assessed for sleep disorders, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and sleep-related traits and cognitions. It found high rates of sleep disturbances and fulfilled criteria for sleep disorders among participants.

Uploaded by

Ashley Fernandez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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et facta figuras

The Impact of Sleep Deprivation on College Students

John Carl Arroza

Ralph Borrero

Alexandra Ashley Fernandez

Hyun-wil Maravilla

Dyn Carl Tañagras

Students experience several important developments when starting at university. They


have to cope with “leaving home, increased independence, changes in peer groups,
new social situations, maintenance of academic responsibilities, and increased access
to alcohol or drugs”.

Sleep problems have a great impact on the students’ daily life, for example, the grade
point average. Due to irregular daytime routines, chronotype changes, side jobs and
exam periods, they need specialized treatments for improving sleep. Sleep problems
have a great impact on the students’ daily life, for example, the grade point average.
Bed and rise times on weekdays and weekends often differ in the range of more than
1 to 2 hours. Sleep problems and sleep disorders severely impair university students’
academic success. A clinical review provided evidence that sleep problems correlated
with impeded learning, especially poorer declarative and procedural learning,
neurocognitive performance, and academic success.

In a study conducted by Buboltz et al., 31% of students suffered from morning


tiredness. In another study, poor sleepers reported reduced daytime functioning.
Shorter sleep duration and an irregular sleep–wake schedule significantly correlated
with a lower GPA. Regarding sleep habits, the wake-up times explained significant
amounts of GPA variance.

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Sleep Quality Among University Students: Nighttime Sleep Duration and Sleep
Disruptions

Up to 60% of all college students suffer


from poor sleep quality, and 7.7% meet
all criteria of an insomnia
disorder. About 90% of university
students have roommates, and among
them, 41% wake up at night due to the
noise of others. Roughly 60% suffer
from a poor sleep quality according to
the PSQI. Gaultney revealed that 27% of Source of Data: Sleep problems in university
students-an intervention
university students are at a risk of at
Most participants displayed sleep
least one sleep disorder.
disturbances (74%) or fulfilled the
Furthermore, previous findings reported criteria for one sleep disorder (30%).
that a minimum 7.7% of students suffer Insomnia and nightmares were the most
from insomnia and 24.3% from common comorbidities (11%), followed
nightmares. Daytime sleepiness, sleep by a combination of all three sleep
deprivation, and irregular sleep disorders (7%). Only 4% reported
schedules are highly prevalent among insomnia and an irregular sleep–wake
college students, as 50% report daytime type simultaneously. The combination of
sleepiness and 70% attain insufficient nightmares and irregular sleep–wake
sleep. type was not present in this sample.
(Figure 1)

Participants received a 12-item SPQ


(Table 3) based on the DSM-5
classification for an insomnia disorder
and an irregular sleep–wake type. Due
to the fact that the inclusion criteria
questionnaire was developed specifically
for this study, no psychometric
properties were examined. The
questionnaire consisted of three items
ISWT( Irregular sleep-wake type)
Source of Data: Sleep problems in university that pertained to the diagnosis of
students-an intervention
insomnia disorder (ie, “I suffer because I

2
have difficulties initiating sleep”, items assessed with the self-developed SPQ. In
1–3), two items supported an irregular addition, participants were categorized
sleep–wake-type diagnosis (ie, “I sleep as “poor sleepers” by the PSQI.
at least three times in 24 hours”, items 7,
9) and the other six items determined
sleep problem frequency (items 5, 6),
impairment (item 8) and exclusion
criteria (“My sleep problems are not
mainly caused by bad sleep hygiene”,
items 10–12). The exclusion criteria were
formulated in a double-negative form. A
dichotomous answer mode (yes/no) was
employed.(Table 1)
Source of Data: Sleep problems in
university students-an intervention

Twenty-seven students participated in


said study. The acceptance and
feasibility were measured with
questionnaires. Further variables
encompassed daytime sleepiness, sleep-
related personality traits and cognitions
about sleep.

Note: Slashes indicate additional choices (item 1 and/or item 2),


whereas plus signs indicate mandatory items (item 1 and item 2).
Source of Data: Sleep problems in university
students-an intervention

Based on the inclusion criteria,


participants who fulfilled various criteria
for an insomnia disorder or an irregular
sleep–wake type according to DSM-5
classification, as well as participants who
reported nightmares (Table 2) were
included in this study. Sleep was

Source of Data: Sleep problems in university


students-an intervention

3
Definition of Terms:

 Sleep – is a condition of body and mind that typically recurs for several hours
every night, in which the nervous system is relatively inactive, the eyes closed,
the postural muscles relaxed, and consciousness practically suspended.

 Neurocognitive – is having to do with the ability to think and reason. This


includes the ability to concentrate, remember things, process information, learn,
speak, and understand.

 Insomnia – is a common sleep disorder that can make it hard to fall asleep,
hard to stay asleep, or cause you to wake up too early and not be able to get
back to sleep. You may still feel tired when you wake up.

 Nightmare - a disturbing dream associated with negative feelings, such as


anxiety or fear that awakens you. Nightmares are common in children but can
happen at any age.

 Sleep deprivation - means you're not getting enough sleep. When you get
less sleep than needed or no sleep at all, it can eventually lead to many health
problems.

 Comorbidity - is the presence of one or more additional conditions often co-


occurring with a primary condition. Comorbidity describes the effect of all other
conditions an individual patient might have other than the primary condition of
interest, and can be physiological or psychological.

 Sleep Hygiene - is a behavioral and environmental practice developed as a


method to help people with mild to moderate insomnia.

 Psychometric - is a field of study within psychology concerned with the


theory and technique of measurement. It generally refers to specialized fields
within psychology and education devoted to testing, measurement, assessment,
and related activities.

 Diagnosis - is the process of determining which disease or condition explains


a person's symptoms and signs. It is most often referred to as diagnosis with
the medical context being implicit.

 Disorder – is an illness that disrupts normal physical or mental functions. A


disorder could be defined as a set of problems, which result in causing
significant difficulty, distress, impairment or suffering in a person's daily life.

 Irregular Sleep-wake type - occurs when the body's internal clock does not
work properly or is out of sync with the surrounding environment. The body
has an internal timing system called the circadian system that regulates daily
behavior and bodily functions through cycles called circadian rhythms.

4
 Treatment – is the act or manner of treating someone or something, it is also
a session of medical care or the administration of a dose of medicine.

 Chronotype - is the natural inclination of your body to sleep at a certain time,


or what most people understand as being an early bird versus a night owl.

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