Lesson 3 Climate and Weather

 Seasons
 How Geography affects weather
(Coastline, mountain, desert, etc)

Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
 Identify the effects of geography on weather;
 Demonstrate understanding on the basic Climate and weather ;
 Appreciate and demonstrate understanding on the four seasons.

Activity

Modelling the Seasons (adapted from an activity from the Exploratorium)

Materials

 flashlight
 a room that can be made dark
 a Styrofoam ball (in a real pinch, a fresh orange or a rounded sphere of Play-Doh will do, but it
won’t be completely spherical!)
 a large drinking straw
 a rubber band
 a flexible plastic cup
 Scotch tape
 scissors

Make a Model of the Earth

Push the straw through the center of the Styrofoam ball. This represents the axis about which the earth
rotates. One end of the ball is north and the other end is south. Place a rubber band around the center of
the ball to represent the equator.

Place the tack or sticky dot into the ball at an appropriate location on the ball to represent your town or
city. (For instance, the latitude of Concord, New Hampshire is about 43.2˚ north, so you’d place the tack
not quite halfway between the equator and the North Pole.)
SCI 103 METEOROLOGY 27
ROZETTE E. MERCADO, PhD
With an adult’s help, use the scissors to make a hole in the bottom of the plastic cup, near the side, as
shown below. It should be just large enough to accommodate the diameter of the straw.

Cut a long (approx. 8 cm) piece of tape. Cut a second, shorter

piece (approx. 2 cm) and place it in the center of the long
piece, with the sticky sides together. Place the straw into the
hole in the cup. The smooth part of the small tape should allow
the straw to rotate in the hole, while the sticky parts of the long
tape will hold it in place against the side of the cup. Your model
should look something like the picture on the left. Use a
protractor to check the angle of the earth’s tilt. It should be 23.5
degrees.

Set up the “Solar System”

Enter the room that is designated to represent outer space.

Choose a small object and put it in a stationary location to
represent Polaris, the North Star. Your straw should point to
Polaris throughout the activity. Set up the flashlight (Sun) in
the center of the room, and darken the rest of the room.

Model a Day on Earth

Turn the straw so that the earth spins counterclockwise

(when viewed from the north) for one rotation. Notice that the dot is in light (day) for about half of the
rotation and is in shadow (night) for about half of the rotation.

Model the Seasons

Station yourself at four different locations around the Sun, to represent the changing of the seasons on
December 21, March 21, June 21, and September 21. Your movement should look like this if seen from
above:

Analysis

From each location (date), spin the Earth on its axis (rotate the straw in its hole in the drinking cup) to simulate
one day. Make observations about the following:
For what fraction of the day is the dot in the light? More than half? Less than half? About half?
For what fraction of the day is the North Pole in the light?
How is the light from the sun striking the dot? Is it direct or at an angle?
What is happening in the Southern Hemisphere, versus in the Northern Hemisphere?
When you have been to each of the four dates, have modeled one year on Earth (one revolution around the
Sun)!
How did you find the activity?
Why do you think that we have different seasons?
SCI 103 METEOROLOGY 28
ROZETTE E. MERCADO, PhD
KINDLY TAKE A PICTURE/VIDEO OF YOUR WORK.

Criteria:

Analysis

 5 points max - factual, complete, accurate, concise, comprehensive, and efficient relay of ideas
 3 points max - effective manner or structure of explanation of knowledge or ideas (grammar and
convincing or persuasiveness factor)
 2 points max – less factual, complete, accurate, concise, comprehensive, and efficient relay of ideas

Abstraction

What Is Weather?

Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a particular

moment in time, in terms of temperature, precipitation, and
moisture. On science fiction shows, people sometimes
have amazing powers to affect the weather. This is
impossible in real life. But in real life, there are still things
that affect the weather. One thing that affects the weather
is the geography of an area. This includes the topography
of the land, the latitude, vegetation cover, human impact
on the land, and the proximity of bodies of water to an
area.

What is Climate?

Climate is the average weather in a given

area over a longer period of time. A description of
a climate includes information on, e.g. the average
temperature in different seasons, rainfall, and
sunshine. Also a description of the (chance of)
extremes is often included. Climate change is any
systematic change in the long-term statistics of
climate variables such as temperature,
precipitation, pressure, or wind sustained over
several decades or longer. Climate change can be
due to natural external forcings (changes in solar
emission or changes in the earth’s orbit, natural
internal processes of the climate system) or it can be human induced.

Source: https://www.climateurope.eu/what-is-climate-and-climate-change/#:~:text=Climate%20is%20the
%20average%20weather,of)%20extremes%20is%20often%20included.

SCI 103 METEOROLOGY 29

ROZETTE E. MERCADO, PhD
Common Types of Weather Conditions

Weather comes in all different forms, and it changes by the day. It could be sunny one day and raining the
next. It could even be sunny, rainy, cloudy, and stormy in one day. Explore the six different types of weather
elements and the conditions they can lead to. 

Common Types of Weather Elements

The weather has a lot of different factors. When someone asks how the weather is today, you need to think
about temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, cloudiness, and atmospheric pressure. All these different
parts work together to create the weather you see when you walk out the door. 

But, what do each of these weather examples mean? Find out by reading about each one. 

Temperature

It’s getting hot out there. When you talk about the heat of the air outside on a summer day, this is
the temperature. Measured with a thermometer in Fahrenheit, Celsius, or Kelvin, the temperature tells you how
fast the air molecules and atoms are moving. Fast-moving molecules and atoms mean the temperature is high,
while slow-moving molecules in the air create a low temperature. 

Humidity

SCI 103 METEOROLOGY 30

ROZETTE E. MERCADO, PhD
Is the air dry? The moisture or dryness of the air is humidity. It’s an important weather aspect. Without it,
humans wouldn’t be able to survive. However, the amount of water vapor, or humidity, in the air needs to have
balance. Too little or too much water vapor in the air causes health issues and can be dangerous. 

Precipitation

Precipitation is just a big word to describe how water falls to the ground. It can be rain, snow, sleet, ice, hail, or
drizzle. The form these water or solid particles take depends on other weather factors. For example, if the
temperature is cold, below 32 degrees, precipitation comes to the surface in the form of snow. If the weather is
nice and warm, water comes down in the form of rain. 

Wind

Air moves. All you must do is walk out your door to feel that. The movement of air is created by how the sun
heats the Earth, and then convection tells you how air moves in predictable patterns. Therefore, meteorologists
have some idea of how a storm will move or the type of weather you’ll have in a week. 

Cloudiness

Watching the different shapes of clouds roll by is one of the fun things about summer. Ever wonder what they
are? Clouds are collections of water droplets in the air due to the cycle of water. Billions of water droplets are
necessary to make a cloud. The four main types of clouds include cumulus, stratus, cirrus, and cumulonimbus. 

Atmospheric Pressure

SCI 103 METEOROLOGY 31

ROZETTE E. MERCADO, PhD
Air has weight! All those molecules and atoms add to the weight and push down. The weight of the air pushing
down on the Earth’s surface is the atmospheric pressure. Since it’s measured using a barometer, it’s also
called barometric pressure. 

Types of Severe Weather Conditions

The six common types of weather create all weather conditions. With the right humidity, wind, atmospheric
pressure, temperature, clouds, and precipitation, a rainstorm happens. However, the most impactful weather
conditions are severe weather. Learn about the different types of severe weather examples. 

Thunderstorms

Produced by cumulonimbus clouds, thunderstorms include rain, hail, thunder, lightning, and gusty winds.
Thunderstorms can be mild or severe. 

Tornados

When a warm air front collides with a cold air front, it creates a narrow rotating column of air from a
thunderstorm. Tornados come in different severities, measured on the Fujita scale, from the minor F0 to the
major F6. 

Hurricanes & Typhoons

SCI 103 METEOROLOGY 32
ROZETTE E. MERCADO, PhD
Like tornadoes, hurricanes and typhoons are spiraling storms. These huge long-lasting storms form over water
and can have winds of greater than 200 mph and can be 600 miles wide. Whether it is a typhoon or hurricane
depends on location. Western northern Pacific storms are typhoons, while northern Atlantic ocean storms are
hurricanes. 

Winter Storm

In colder temperatures, when two air masses collide, a winter storm is created. These storms can include
freezing rain accumulations, large snow accumulations, and whiteouts.

Blizzards

A type of severe snowstorm, blizzards are long-lasting. In addition to high snow accumulations, strong winds
create whiteout conditions and dangerously low temperatures. 

Droughts

Droughts happen all over the world and are devastating to the area. A drought is a prolonged period without
rain or precipitation, leading to famines and forest fires. This weather phenomenon lasts for months to years. 

SCI 103 METEOROLOGY 33

ROZETTE E. MERCADO, PhD
Source: https://examples.yourdictionary.com/common-types-of-weather-conditions.html

For further readings just click and copy!

Weather.https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/weather/#:~:text=There%20are%20six%20main
%20components,weather%20at%20any%20given%20time.&text=Temperature%20is%20measured%20with
%20a,or%20cold%20the%20atmosphere%20is.

Seasons and Equinoxes

Earth is in constant motion. Approximately every 365 days, Earth completes one revolution around the
Sun (a year), and approximately every 24 hours, Earth completes one rotation around its axis (a day).
Because Earth's axis is not straight up-and-down (it is tilted about 23.5 degrees), the way in which the
Sun's light hits Earth's surface varies throughout the Earth’s orbit.

S
e a
s o
n s

are the result of a combination of the tilt of Earth's

axis and its place in its orbit.

When the north pole of Earth's axis is pointed

toward the Sun, it is summer in the Northern
Hemisphere and winter in the Southern Hemisphere.
How does the Sun’s favoring one hemisphere
translate into making it warmer for us down on the
surface of Earth? There are two effects we need to
SCI 103 METEOROLOGY 34
ROZETTE E. MERCADO, PhD
consider. When we lean into the Sun, sunlight hits us at a more direct angle and is more effective at
heating Earth’s surface. (You can get a similar effect by shining a flashlight onto a wall. If you shine the
flashlight straight on, you get an intense spot of light on the wall, then the spot of light is more spread out
and less intense.) The second effect has to do with the length of time the Sun spends above the horizon.
In June, the Sun rises high in the sky over the Northern Hemisphere, and stays above the horizon in the
United States for as long as 15 hours. Thus, the Sun not only heats us with more direct rays, but it also
has more time to do it each day.

Two days out of the year, we experience an equinox, when the Earth is tilted neither toward nor away
from the Sun. This happens because the Earth’s axis (the imaginary line running from the North Pole to
the South Pole) falls exactly parallel to the plane of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun, leaving the Sun
directly over the equator at mid-day. During an equinox, the hours of daylight and the hours of darkness
are about equal almost everywhere on Earth (hence, the name).

at Noon on the day of the equinox, the sun

will be directly over the earth’s equator,
creating a day and night of equal length

a view of earth during an equinox. Image

Credit: NOAA Satellites

The vernal equinox marks the beginning

of spring. After the vernal equinox, the days
become longer and the nights become
shorter in the Northern Hemisphere. Autumn,
or fall, begins with the autumnal equinox.
After the autumnal equinox, the days become
shorter and the nights become longer.

In 2020, the vernal equinox occurred

on the night of Thursday, March 19—making Friday, March 20, the first day of spring.

Watch and copy the link!

https://youtu.be/R2lP146KA5A
https://youtu.be/WgHmqv_-UbQ
https://youtu.be/CFrP6QfbC2g

SCI 103 METEOROLOGY 35

ROZETTE E. MERCADO, PhD
Source: https://www.starhop.com/blog/2020/3/22/distance-learning-module-seasons-and-equinoxes

How Geography Affects the Weather

Geography affects the weather in many ways. Let's go through a few of these in more detail.

One thing that can affect weather is the topography of an area. This refers to the arrangement of natural and
manmade features of an area. It can include mountains, rivers, or cities. Topographical features like mountains
affect the weather mostly in the way that they direct air currents. For example, air is forced to rise over
mountains. Moist air will cool as it rises, and then the clouds release the water, causing precipitation like rain or
snow. This is why one side of a mountain range - the side nearest the ocean - often gets more rain.

An area's latitude on the surface of the Earth (location in terms of north and south) also affects the weather,
because it changes the intensity of the sun's light that the area receives. This has a direct effect on the
temperature. If you're at the equator, the sun is always high in the sky, and that concentrates the sun's rays,
making it hotter. Whereas at the North Pole and South Pole, the sun is always low in the sky, and this causes
the sun's rays to be spread out and diluted. The equator also doesn't have seasons that vary the weather
because the sun's height in the sky isn't much different during the year: whether the Earth is tilted towards the
sun, or away from the sun, the angle of the sun's rays is pretty consistent.

Source:https://study.com/academy/lesson/how-geography-affects-the-weather.html#:~:text=Geography
%20affects%20the%20weather%20in%20many%20ways.&text=An%20area's%20latitude%20on%20the,direct
%20effect%20on%20the%20temperature.

What Effect Does Geography Have on Climate?

Geography exerts a substantial effect on the climate of a particular locale. This fact has been recognized, to
some degree, since the time of the ancient Greeks, when the philosopher and mathematician Pythagoras
suggested a connection. This connection was later expanded upon by Aristotle and further developed during
and since the 20th century. Four major geographical factors play a significant role in determining climate.

Latitude Factor

Latitude, or distance from the equator, is perhaps the most apparent geographic indicator of climate. In
general, the hottest climates are closest to the equator, with climates tending to become increasingly cooler
with increasing distance from the equator. There are considerable exceptions to this rule based on other
variables, but only to an extent -- for instance, balmy conditions don’t occur in Antarctica. Roughly speaking,
the Earth can be divided into three overarching categories in terms of temperature and seasons. The tropics,
where warmth is the norm, lie between approximately 23.5 degrees south and 23.5 degrees north.
Temperate zones, which experience clearly delineated seasons, albeit to varying extents, lie between about
23.5 degrees and 66.5 degrees latitude in each hemisphere. Beyond 66.5 degrees latitude in both
hemispheres are the polar regions, where winterlike conditions dominate for most if not all of the year.
Latitude also influences the prevailing wind direction. In the tropical and polar regions, winds tend to blow
from the east, while in the temperate middle latitudes, winds tend to blow from the west.

Elevation Effects

Elevation, or distance from sea level, also plays a key role in determining a location’s climate. In the portion
of the atmosphere known as the troposphere -- which contains all of the Earth’s landmass, even the tallest of
SCI 103 METEOROLOGY 36
ROZETTE E. MERCADO, PhD
mountains -- temperature decreases with increasing height. This is why snow-capped peaks can be
observed in otherwise warm regions. On average, the temperature tends to decrease by approximately 0.65
degrees Celsius for every 100-meter increase in elevation (or 3.8 degrees Fahrenheit per 1,000 feet). As
with latitude, however, this is not a firm rule; it is susceptible to influence by outside factors. Also, wind
speed varies considerably at differing elevations: The higher the elevation, the stronger the winds tend to
blow. This is evidenced by the presence of short, stubby trees -- or the entire lack of trees -- at high
elevations, as the high winds, often combined with harshly cold temperatures, inhibit their growth.

Topographical Influences

Topography -- such as mountains, valleys, canyons and plains -- impact climate in ways unrelated to
elevation. For instance, large mountain ranges can influence precipitation patterns. Mountains force
incoming air to rise; as it does, it cools and condenses, forming clouds and eventually rain or snow, which
typically falls on the windward side of the mountains. Hence, areas on the windward side of high mountain
ranges experience greater precipitation than areas on the leeward side because the mountains essentially
drain the moisture from the air. This effect on the leeward side of the mountain ranges is known as a rain
shadow and is responsible for the dry and even desertlike climates of some locations, including much of the
American West. Other examples of topographical influence on climate include chilly nights in valleys due to
downslope winds and the “heat island” effect in cities in which the concrete landscape contributes to
elevated nighttime temperatures.

Water Bodies

Proximity to oceans, lakes and other bodies of water exerts considerable influences on an area’s climate.
Water holds its temperature more readily than air -- that is, it takes longer to heat or cool. Thus, water
moderates the temperatures of the air around it, so that locations nearest water bodies experience fewer
extremes in temperature, typically failing to become as hot or as cold as locations further inland. Areas
closest to the oceans, particularly those near warm ocean currents, also tend to have wetter climates than
inland locales. Bodies of water can exert additional effects on climates in certain locations, such as
increasing the frequency of fog or causing lake-effect snow, as seen in the U.S. Great Lakes region.

Source: https://education.seattlepi.com/effect-geography-climate-4383.html

What Are the Four Factors That Influence Weather?

If you've ever watched a sky go from clear to stormy in an hour, or huddled in a car as blinding hail beat
down, you might wonder about the mysteries of weather. Although many factors combine to influence
weather, the four main ones are solar radiation, the amount of which changes with Earth's tilt, orbital
distance from the sun and latitude, temperature, air pressure and the abundance of water.

Solar Distance

Earth's distance from the sun changes throughout its orbit, resulting in up to a 4 degree Fahrenheit
difference between the closest and furthest points. The oscillating tilt of the planet creates much larger
weather effects, because the tilt toward or away from the sun over the course of the year determines the
amount of heat that part of the planet will receive. When a hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, that part of
the planet experiences summer, whereas when it is tilted away, winter.

SCI 103 METEOROLOGY 37

ROZETTE E. MERCADO, PhD
Latitudinal Location

Where on Earth you are also affects the weather. At the equator, for instance, weather does not change
much, because that latitude always receives roughly the same amount of sunlight: around 12 hours a day.
As you move away from the equator, however, you receive more or less sunlight, depending on the season.
Polar regions experience extremely long days in summer and extremely long nights in winter. Both summer
and winter temperatures also cool gradually as you move north or south of the equator.

Air Pressure

Solar radiation heats the planet, but it does not do so evenly. Air pressure is influenced by the differences
between hotter and cooler pockets of air, or fronts. When the pockets are very different in temperature, they
try to mix together, creating movement and pressure. When they aren’t very different, the atmosphere moves
around less -- resulting in, usually, fewer weather effects. As air attempts to equalize by moving from high
pressure areas to low pressure areas, this causes wind. Additionally, when pressure is low, air is rising,
which often means moisture accumulation in the atmosphere. Moisture accumulation forms clouds, which
then produce rain or snow -- depending on air temperature -- once they get to their saturation point. When
atmospheric pressure is low, air is pushed down toward the surface, meaning rain and moisture don't
accumulate. This often also leads to high humidity near the surface of the Earth, where people experience
weather.

Water Presence

The presence of water has a significant impact on weather. Nearby bodies of water add moisture to the
atmosphere in the form of evaporation, which is why places near oceans or lakes, for instance, are usually
wetter than the desert. Additionally, large bodies of water create winds as temperature differentials between
land and water send breezes inland during the day and out to sea or onto lakes at night. Evaporating water
forms different types of clouds: cirrus, which are high in the atmosphere and made of ice, stratus, which form
lower down and consist of a thick, white blanket of rain drops, and cumulonimbus, which pile high and signal
harsh weather, such as thunder, lightning, hail and tornadoes.

Source: https://education.seattlepi.com/effect-geography-climate-4383.html

Application and Assessment

I am a Weather Forecaster!

Create a video with yourself by becoming a Weather Forecaster.

Imagine you are presenting the television weather report for the evening news (4-6PM). Prepare your script.
Your report should include:

 Today's weather — local, state, national weather maps

 Record high and low temperatures
 Outlook for the evening
 Air quality report including pollution alerts and burning restrictions
 Tomorrow's prediction
SCI 103 METEOROLOGY 38
ROZETTE E. MERCADO, PhD
  Five-day forecast
 Some interesting weather trivia or an explanation of a weather phenomenon
Create weather maps to use for your report. Make three maps, if possible: one for the local report (city and
counties), one for a statewide report and one for the national report (often a satellite image). Make reusable
symbols for high and low fronts, as well as cloud, sun, rain, snow and lightning symbols. What other props will
you use? An umbrella? Raincoat? Sunglasses? Videotape/kindly save in usb your presentation if possible.

For extra credit, have students incorporate a lay person-level explanation of Doppler effect or Doppler shift as
part of their in-class weather program presentation.

You will be guided by the scoring rubric below

Weather Forecast Presentation Rubric

10 8 6 4 2 0
# of days 5 days in forecast 4 days in forecast 3 days in forecast 2 days in forecast 1 day in forecast 0 days in forecast
included in
forecast
Cloud cover, Lacking in one of Lacking in 2 of the Lacking in 3 of the Lacking in 4 of the Lacking in all five
Information in precipitation type, the previously previously previously previously of the previously
forecast temperature mentioned criteria mentioned criteria mentioned criteria mentioned criteria mentioned criteria
(high/low), fronts

Shows a complete Shows a fairly Shows some Shows a slight Shows little to no Shows absolutely
Reasoning for understanding of good understanding of understanding of understanding of no understanding
forecast weather systems understanding of weather systems weather systems weather systems of weather
weather systems systems

Shows a complete Shows a fairly Shows some Shows a slight Shows little to no Shows absolutely
Reasoning for understanding of good understanding of understanding of understanding of no understanding
forecast weather systems understanding of weather systems weather systems weather systems of weather
weather systems systems

Shows a complete Shows a fairly Shows some Shows a slight Shows little to no Shows absolutely
Reasoning for understanding of good understanding of understanding of understanding of no understanding
forecast weather systems understanding of weather systems weather systems weather systems of weather
weather systems systems

Weather map Weather map or Weather map or Weather map with Visual aid not very No visual aid
complete with forecast with forecast, no use of no symbols or useful or effective
proper use of partial or incorrect symbols or icons, icons OR good
symbols, or use of symbols or but large enough map but too small
Visual Aid forecast with icons, large for us to see for us to see
icons, large enough for us to
enough for us to see
see

Much use of Some use of Partial use of Slight use of Little to no use of Absolutely no use
Creativity original original original original original of original
thought/creativity thought/creativity thought/creativity thought/creativity thought/creativity thought/creativity

5 4 3 2 1 0
Presentation Used eye Lacking in one of Lacking in 2 of the Lacking in 3 of the Lacking in 4 of the Lacking in all 5 of
contact, didn’t the previously previously previously previously the previously
Skills
read directly mentioned criteria mentioned criteria mentioned criteria mentioned criteria mentioned criteria
from notes, easy

SCI 103 METEOROLOGY 39

ROZETTE E. MERCADO, PhD
 to understand,
spoke loudly,
didn’t fidget

Between 2 and 5 Within 15 seconds Within 30 seconds Within 45 seconds Over/under by 1 Over/under by
Time minutes long of 2-3 minutes of 2-3 minutes of 2-3 minutes minute more than 1
minute

Discussion

Direction: Discuss the following briefly.

1. Why is it important to study weather, climate and seasons?

2. Why does the coldest time of the year align with the darkest time of the year?

3. Why does the Philippines has two major Seasons only?

4. How geography affects climate and weather?

SCI 103 METEOROLOGY 40

ROZETTE E. MERCADO, PhD
 5. Why we experience different weather conditions and seasons? Is it helpful to our day to day living?
Explain and defend your answer.

Rubric for Discussion

Score Knowledge Understanding Writing skills Application/

Analysis

5 Comprehensive, in-depth Outstanding ability Excellent Grasps inner

and wide ranging to grasp concepts mechanics, relationship of
and Relate theory sentence structure, concepts, Excellent
to practice and organization use of a wide range
of supporting
material
4 Up to date and relevant High level of ability Significant Demonstrates the
to conceptualize mechanics, ability to analyze
essential ideas and structure and and synthesize,
relate theory to organization independent
practice analysis, good use
of a range of
supportive material
3 Relevant but not Some ability to Some grammatical Informed
comprehensive conceptualize lapses, uses commentary with
essential ideas and emotional response some evidence of
relate theory to in lieu of relevant genuine analysis;
practice points some supportive
materials used
2 Limited superficial Limited ability to Poor grammar, Some observations,
knowledge/respo nse draw out concepts weak some supportive
and relate theory to communication evidence used
practice
1 Little relevance/some Minimal awareness Lack of clarity, poor
Lacks evidence of
accuracy that external presentation of
critical analysis,
concepts exist thinking poor use of
supportive evidence
Source: https://www.utica.edu/academic/Assessment/new/rubrics%20for%20discussion.pdf

Assignment

SCI 103 METEOROLOGY 41

ROZETTE E. MERCADO, PhD
Watch this video about Earth's Strangest Weather Phenomenon: El Nino - Documentary
. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b7vJuVCRzsQ . Retrieved on September 8, 2020.
In a separate sheet of paper, make a reflection at least 300 words about the video.
Determine what you have learned (the knowledge that serve as your foundation to stand and keep); the
things you have realized and appreciated (attitude towards learning) and the things you discovered (skills that
you will cherish in life).
Rubric for Student Reflections

Above Meets Approaching Below

Expectations Expectations Expectations Expectations
10-9 8-7 6-5 4-3

Reflective The reflection The reflection The reflection The reflection does
Thinking explains the explains the attempts to not address the
student’s own student’s thinking demonstrate student’s thinking
thinking and about his/her own thinking about and/or learning
learning processes, learning processes. learning but is
as well as vague and/or
implications for unclear about the
future learning. personal learning
process.

Analysis The reflection is an The reflection is an The reflection The reflection does
in-depth analysis of analysis of the attempts to analyze not move beyond a
the learning learning experience the learning description of the
experience, the and the value of the experience but the learning
value of the derived derived learning to value of the experience.
learning to self or self or others. learning to the
others, and the student or others is
enhancement of vague and/or
the student’s unclear.
appreciation for the
discipline.

Making The reflection The reflection The reflection The reflection does
Connections articulates multiple articulates attempts to not articulate any
connections connections articulate connection to other
between this between this connections learning or
learning experience learning experience between this experiences.
and content from and content from learning experience
other courses, past other courses, past and content from
learning, life learning other courses, past
experiences and/or experiences, and/or learning
future goals. future goals. experiences, or
personal goals, but
the connection is
vague and/or
unclear.

Total 30-27 24-21 18-15 12-9

SCI 103 METEOROLOGY 42

ROZETTE E. MERCADO, PhD
Source: http://earlycollegeconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Portfolio-Rubric-for-
Reflection.PRINT_.pdf

References:

Wood, david 2017. How Geography affect the Weather. Retrieved from:
https://study.com/academy/lesson/how-geography-affects-the-weather.html#:~:text=Geography
%20affects%20the%20weather%20in%20many%20ways.&text=An%20area's%20latitude%20on
%20the,direct%20effect%20on%20the%20temperature. Retrieved on September 8, 2020

Haris, Army. 2010. What Effect Does Geography Have on Climate? Retrieved from:
https://education.seattlepi.com/effect-geography-climate-4383.html . Retrieved on: September 8, 2020

Moore, Sarah. 2010. What Are the Four Factors That Influence Weather? Retrieved from :
https://education.seattlepi.com/effect-geography-climate-4383.html . Retrieved on: September 8, 2020

Distance Learning Module: Seasons and Equinoxes. Retrieved from:

https://www.starhop.com/blog/2020/3/22/distance-learning-module-seasons-and-equinoxes . Retrieved on:
September 8, 2020

Betts, Jennifer. Common Types of Weather Elements. Retrieved from:

https://examples.yourdictionary.com/common-types-of-weather-conditions.html . Retrieved on:
September 8, 2020

SCI 103 METEOROLOGY 43

ROZETTE E. MERCADO, PhD