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Reviewer in English

This document discusses different types of modal verbs, conditionals, and communicative styles. [1] Modal verbs are used to express ability, permission, obligation and possibility. They include can, could, may for permission and must, have to for obligation. Conditionals express results based on conditions, including zero, first, second and third conditionals which differ based on tense. [2] Communicative styles range from casual to formal. Casual style uses slang between friends while formal style prohibits it for announcements. Consultative style allows two-way discussion while frozen style is for ceremonies.

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Oliver Elico
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92 views

Reviewer in English

This document discusses different types of modal verbs, conditionals, and communicative styles. [1] Modal verbs are used to express ability, permission, obligation and possibility. They include can, could, may for permission and must, have to for obligation. Conditionals express results based on conditions, including zero, first, second and third conditionals which differ based on tense. [2] Communicative styles range from casual to formal. Casual style uses slang between friends while formal style prohibits it for announcements. Consultative style allows two-way discussion while frozen style is for ceremonies.

Uploaded by

Oliver Elico
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LESSON 1: EXPRESS PERMISSION, Mustn’t

PROHIBITION AND OBLIGATION


 When the prohibition comes from
the speaker.
MODALS VERB/MODALS OBLIGATION
 Type of auxiliary that is used to  It is an act or course of action to
express ability, permission, which a person is morally bound.
obligation and many others.  It is a duty or commitment.
 It used to express a degree of  Modal verbs: Has to or have to and
certainty about an outcome or the Must.
possibility of something.
Have to or has to
 Also called ‘helping verb’
 When the obligation is set by an
PERMISSION
authority, rule, and law.
 Modal verbs: Can, Could and May.
Must
 Something is permitted or allowed.
 When the obligation comes from
Can I
the speaker.
 casual and informal conversation
LESSON 2: CONDITIONALS IN EXPRESSING
with close friends and family
ARGUMENTS
members.
CONDITIONALS
Could I
 It is a statement expressing the
 Semi-formal conversation.
result of a particular condition.
 Bigger Request
 The word ‘condition’ means
May I ‘situations or circumstances’
 Condition-is a premise upon which
 Most polite way to ask permission.
the fulfillment of an agreement
 To someone who has a high level of
depends.
authority.
TWO CLAUSES
PROHIBITION
 If Clause- it is a statement that
 It is a statement that does not allow
express a condition.
an action.
 Result Clause- a possible outcome
 Modal verbs: Can’t and Mustn’t.
of the phrase.
Can’t
FOUR TYPES OF CONDITIONALS
 To talk about something that is
 Zero Conditional
against the rules particularly when
 First Conditional
we don’t male the rules.
 Second Conditional
 Street signs
 Third Conditional
ZERO CONDITIONAL SECOND CONDITIONAL
 It is known as “Factual Conditional”  It is used in dealing with things that
 It talks about things that are always are impossible in the present and
true. that are also unlike to occur in the
 Habits, Instructions, and Rules. future.
 It uses present and unreal past
tenses and describes present or
STRUCTURE OF ZERO CONDITIONAL
future that are not very likely to
If/When+ Present Simple, Present Simple happen.
If- Present Simple STRUCTURE OF FIRST CONDITIONAL
Result- Present Simple If+ Past Simple, Would/Wouldn’t+ Base
Verb

EXAMPLES: If- Past Simple

 If you freeze water, it turns into ice. Result- Would/Wouldn’t+ Base Verb
 If you heat water at 100 degrees, it EXAMPLES:
boils.
 If only he charged his phone, he
wouldn’t need to borrow yours.
FIRST CONDITIONAL  If I didn’t read my notes, I wouldn’t
 Is used to express a real or very get a good score.
probable situation in the future.
 It is known as ‘Possible Conditional’
THIRD CONDITIONAL
 It refers to things that will possibly
happen in the future if a condition is  It talks about the past.
met.  If clause is an imaginary situation in
 We are predicting a likely result in the past.
the future.  Result clause is also an imaginary
result in the past.
STRUCTURE OF FIRST CONDITIONAL
 Regrets
If/When+ Present Simple, Future Simple
STRUCTURE OF THIRD CONDITIONAL
If- Present Simple
If+ Past Perfect, Perfect Conditional
Result- Future Simple
PAST PERFECT
EXAMPLES:
 Subject+ had+ past participle
 If we work hard, we will finish the
PERFECT CONDITIONAL
project on time.
 If she studies harder, she will pass  Subject+ would have+ past
the examination. participle
EXAMPLES: FORMAL STYLE
 If I had taken better care of myself, I  It is a straightforward speech.
wouldn’t have got sick.  Slang terminologies are
 If we had listened to the radio, we prohibited.
would have heard the news.  One-way communication, no
interaction.
LESSON 3: COMMUNICATIVE STYLES EXAMPLES:
 Announcements
 State of the Nation Address
COMMUNICATIVE STYLES
 Welcome Addresses
 Portrays how a language is
characterized in terms of formality.
 It is a broad way in which people CONSULTATIVE STYLE
tend to communicate with others.
 Both the speaker and the listener
are active participants.
TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE STYLES  Two-way communication.
 CASUAL STYLE EXAMPLES:
 INTIMATE STYLE
 Regular classroom discussion
 FORMAL STYLE
 Doctor and Patient
 CONSULTATIVE STYLE
 FROZEN STYLE
FROZEN STYLE

CASUAL STYLE  Also known as “Fixed Speech”


 Most formal Communicative Style.
 It is the informal kind of
 It is usually used during respectful
communicative style.
events and ceremonies.
 Slang words and Colloquialisms
 It is used in conversation between EXAMPLES:
friends and insiders who have  Pledges
something to share and have shared  National Anthems
background information but don’t  Wedding Ceremonies
have close relations.  Holy Mass

INTIMATE STYLE
 It is used between family
members, close friends, and all
relation that show intimacy.

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