Automotive Module1
Automotive Module1
When doing any kind of work, tools are needed to have things done. When fixing
furniture, repairing home appliances, or doing simple repair, tools help you make work
easy, with less effort but with efficient result. Without the needed tools, much time is
consumed and more effort is required to accomplish your task.
In order for you to accomplish a task efficiently, you must possess basic
knowledge on how to identify and select tools that are usable, of good quality and free
from faults. The task required calls for the right kind of tools to prepare. Simple jobs usually
need simple tools to use. Heavy jobs need the use of heavy tools. Through constant
practice, and simple observation, you become skillful in selecting the right tool for the job.
In automotive application, it is important that the needed tools are not defective and
must be perfect for the job to finish on time. The use of faulty tools might result in injury and
damage to you and the parts you are working on.
Preparing hand tools to use is easy but requires a lot of practice. Depending on the
level of work to be done, whether it is basic level which involves inspection and checking,
cleaning and simple fixing of parts; the common level for replacing of basic parts such as air
cleaner, fuel filter, hoses; and the core level when performing major tasks such as tune-up,
overhauling and underchassis work.
The extent of work will give you information to identify and select the size, shape and
type of tools needed to accomplish the task.
The following tools for the specific task have corresponding name of specific tools in
performing the task.
To gain more knowledge about the tools, you must know its basic functions so that
you will be able to identify its use.
I. CLEANING TOOLS
1. Scraper is a flat thin sheet of metal with wooden or plastic handle. It is used to
scrape hard to remove dirt or stubborn grime or plastic sticker.
2. Steel/Wire brush are thin strips of metal inserted in a wooden or plastic stock. It is
used to remove rust, hard to remove dirt and grime with sweeping action.
3. Utility rag is a fibrous cloth used in cleaning and wiping dirt and dust.
1. Pliers are generally used as all-around tools. They have the capability for bending,
crimping, cutting, holding, stripping and twisting. They are available in various shapes
and sizes. Generally, pliers used for electrical job are insulated, whereas those for
mechanical work are not insulated but sometimes equipped with rubber for gripping.
Pliers are not used as substitute for wrenches.
Side cutting pliers are tools having a broad, flat, and rough jaw. They have a
pair of nipper-like blades used for cutting and bending wires. Combinationpliers are
equipped with adjustable opening by means of a slip joint. It is used for gripping object
because of its inner notch and also used for cutting and bending small wires. Long-
nose pliers have a needle-nose ends used for holding or picking small object. They
have a razor-like blade on its jaw for stripping, cutting and bending wires. Stripping and
crimping pliers have two-half round edges used to strip electrical wire and a crimping
nose to fold and lock wire connector. Vise grip or locking jaw pliers are specially-
designed pliers used for holding work pieces together. They have a variety of uses such
as inserting a fastener, holding bolts while tightening or loosening the nut and removing
rounded head bolts and nuts. Machinist pliers have adjustable and cutting jaws with
tooth-edged nose used for holding, bending and cutting wires.
1. Chisel is a hand tool essentially used for cutting bolts, nuts and rivets. It comes in
different types and sizes. A flat cold chisel is used for general cutting. Special
chisels like a diamond point are used for cutting sharp-bottomed groove and a
round-end chisel for cutting oil grooves.
Tin snip
IV. DRIVING TOOLS
1. Hammers are generally used for driving or striking work. It comes in various sizes,
weights, and kinds .Ball peen hammer is basically used by machinists as in
automotive applications. It has a weighty ball-shaped metal at the end of the handle
with flat surface on one side for striking a chisel or appropriate work and a rounded
shaped for riveting or penning. The brass or plastic-tipped hammers are used for
striking soft and delicate part such as aluminum or plastic to avoid danger of
breakingor marring the surface.
Brass hammer
2. Puncher is a tool made of steel. It is used to cut or drive outa bolt or lock needle pin
out of a hole. Starting punch is a punch with tapered portion used for initially starting
a pin or rivet removal. After initially starting the pin, the drift punch or pin punch is
used to complete the job of removing the pin. A hole punch is used in cutting a
paper gasket in making holes.
1. Wrenches are tools for loosening and tightening of bolts and nuts. It comes in different
formsStarting
and number in Metric
punchDrift or in English sizes.
punch
1.1 Allen wrench is used in a type of screw bolt with a hexagonal hole on the head.
1.2 Box end wrench is an enclosed end tool used for moderate application for
Hole punch
loosening and tightening bolts and nuts.
1.3 Combination wrench is a tool with an open-end on one side and box-end
on the opposite side. It has the same size on both ends and used in loosening and
tightening bolts and nuts.
1.4 Oil filter wrench is a circular-shaped steel with internal tooth and handle. It is
inserted to the oil filter body, tightened as it is turned for removal.
1.5 Open end wrench is a tool with open end used for light application in
loosening and tightening bolts and nuts.
1.6 Socket wrench is a tubular-like tool with an enclosed end used for heavy
application for loosening and tightening bolts and nuts.
1.7 Spark plug wrench is a socket-like wrench intended for removing and
installing spark plugs.
1.8 Tire wrench is a cross-like or sometimes L-shaped piece of round bar used to
remove the wheels of the vehicle.
Allen wrench Box wrench Combination wrench
2. Screwdriver is a piece of
long metal rod made of
hardened steel and
tempered at the tip. It is
used to loosen and tighten
screws. It usually comes in
different sizes and forms of
tips. An Allen screwdriver
has hexagonal sides at the
tip and used for hexagonal Philips screw drivers
slot head of the screws. A
flat screw driver has flat Offset screw drivers
tip at the end and used in a
single groove screws. A Philips screw driver has cross-like tip at the end and used
in a cross groove head of the screws. Depending on the kind of application used, a
screwdriver can be of special types such as stubby screwdriver that has a short
shank and handle. It is used for tight space where a typical screwdriver cannot be
used. An offset screwdriver has a shank bent in opposite direction several distance
just before the end of the tip. It is used to loosen and tightened screws in difficult
areas
1. Torque wrench is a special service tool for measuring the twisting force applied
when tightening bolts and nuts.
2. Steel rule is a measuring strip of steel available in various lengths in metric and
English system. It is available in 12, 24, 36 and 48 inches size. It is used in
linear measurement of short length or height.
3. Caliper is a tool used in measuring the diameter of a circular work. The Inside
caliper is used in measuring the inside diameter whereas the outside caliper is
used in measuring the outside diameter of an object. The caliper is adjustable.
The Vernier caliper is a good example that is capable to measure both the inside
and outside diameter of an object with accuracy. It can also measure the
thickness and thinness in thousandths of an inch.
4. Metal tape measure is a push and pull, long strip of thin sheet of metal with
corresponding increments in millimeter and inches graduation. It is used for
measuring stock and can be bought in different sizes of length.
5. Feeler gauge is a thin strip of metal with different thickness used to measure or
set gap and clearance between parts of mechanism.
Torque wrench
A hand tool is the best friend of every serviceman. With it, work becomes easy and
efficient. But, if tools are not given careful attention they will easily give up without
maximizing its usefulness. If this condition continues, it will result in a faulty condition.
This faulty condition results from ineffective use which eventually might create the risk of
danger and accident.
Common faults of hand tools are usually blamed on manufacturer’s defect.
However, it doesn‟t mean that whenever hand tools become faulty or defective, the
manufacturer always carries the responsibility.
Metal fatigue is one of the usual causes of faulty hand tools specially those that are
made from steel. Like human body that sometimes needs rest, metal fatigue is
developed from overuse of tools. It can also result from too much imposition of force
on tools which is less than its capacity to endure. It will render the tools unserviceable.
Because of wrong habits or attitudes, human error also contributes to faulty hand
tools. Wrong use of tools for the job will create bad effect on the tools. A screwdriver
which is intended for loosening and tightening screws becomes defective and reduces its
usefulness when used like cold chisel.
Natural tear and wear causes tools to widen or reduce its size. A slack is noticeable
when a box wrench for removing the bolt becomes loose when the internal sides of the
wrench is bigger than the external sides of the bolt‟s head. If used in this condition, both
the bolt and the wrench will develop fault.
Tools not kept, not maintained, and unused will become rusty. Tools with jaws become
difficult to operate. It will take time cleaning and removing the corrosion before it becomes
functional.
To become more aware of the condition of hand tools, it is good to know some of its
specific faults.
1. Cleaning tools. Wire and fiber brush must be tightly fit and securely intact on its
recess. Frayed brushes indicate overuse. Bristles can easily be removed and may
splatter. They can pose danger to the eyes and skin. Likewise, dirty rags can create
dust and affect the respiratory system.
Frayed brushes
Dulledhacksaw teeth
4. Loosening and
tightening tools. A
slacked wrench or
screwdriver is a product
of overused or wrong
sized tool when forcefully
used. Incorrect position of
tools or the person doing
the job will create an
unbalanced force. When
force is applied, the
possibility of accident Rounded striking edge and
may happen. There is loose hammer head
also a tendency of
slippage when the
surrounding sides of the
wrench don‟t fit squarely with the sides of the bolt or nut being removed or
tightened. Therefore, this kind of fault must be addressed right away and the
wrench or screwdriver be
replaced at once.
6. Measuring Tools. A
measuring tool must be
always kept clean.
Dirty, bent, and
creased measuring
tools like measuring
tape, steel rule, and
caliper will give
inaccurate reading if
the gradation lines are
not readable.
Tools produced in the industry must pass the Work Equipment Law. In this law,
procedures on the extent, fitness, correctness, and usability of tools and equipment are
Creased measuring tool
provided in accordance with specified task. This ensures safety standards before tools are
released in the market.
The following are some of the information you need to know about the safety
requirements of hand tools:
a. Tensile strength. Tools must belight but durable so that excessive forcein
using them is not necessary. In this manner, strain on hands and shoulders
are reduced. A tool must be strong and reliable to stand the stress of constant
use. Tooth edge of hacksaw and chisel must be tempered and so with a
screw driver.
b. Powerful. Tools must not be heavy on the hand side rather than on the end
portion of the driving force, as in a hammer. They must be considerably long
to give a powerful twisting force as in a wrench and screw or a heavy blow
when using hammer. This reduces muscular effort and efficiency of work is
achieved.
c. User- friendly. Tools must be easy and comfortable to use. They must be
hand-fit and oval or cylindrically shaped. A square-shaped handle creates
discomfort on palms because of the edge area.
Column A Column B
5. Open wrench
f. used for cutting pipes, tubing and fairly thick metal
1. ________________________ 2. ________________________
3. _______________________ 4. ________________________
5._______________________ 6. _______________________
7.________________________ 8._______________________
II. Directions: Reflect on the following questions. Write your answers in your Activity
Notebook
1. Which of the following safety requirements of hand tools do you find the easiest? Which
one do you find the most difficult? State your reason.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Direction.Fill-up the corresponding service procedure with the right tools for the job.
TIGHTENING AND
______________________
______________________
________________ ___________________
Activity Sheet 2.3
Directions: Make a cut out of the different faulty tools and classify them according to the
condition of each one.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Find out by accomplishing the following job. Remember it is your learning at
stake!
Procedure:
5. Measure the cutting point and mark the surface with a pencil or any appropriate marker.
6. Grasp the hacksaw handle securely with your
right hand and the left hand on the front end of
the frame.
7. Position your body in front of the vise with your left foot
toward the bench and your right foot steady to provide
needed balance.
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
Malfunctioning tools in unplanned or unusual event are reported.
Materials
AUTOMOTIVE
K to 12 –Technology and Livelihood Education 36
What Do You Already Know?
Let us determine how much you already know about preparing a report of
malfunctioning tools. Take this test.
Pretest LO 3
Directions: Answer the question by writing the letter of the best answer.
A. effectiveness C. elasticity
B. enablement D. endurance
2. A tool that has __________ been defective creates headache and irritation.
A. condemned C. marked
B. thrown D. used
A. design C. serviceability
B. shape D. style
A. drives C. increases
B. precedes D. reduces
AUTOMOTIVE
K to 12 –Technology and Livelihood Education 37
What Do You Need To Know?
Read Information Sheet 3.1 very well then find out how much you can
remember and how much you learned by doing the Self-check 3.1.
AUTOMOTIVE
K to 12 –Technology and Livelihood Education 38
Below are some effects of a
defective tool that can result in the following
consequences:
3. Decreases credibility.
Competitiveness is the
language of service. Once the
customer perceives that a
worker or a serviceman uses
faulty tools without giving
notice of it, it lessens their
trust and confidence.
To give you an idea of what an inventory, requisition and account of tools are, a basic
sample of forms are given.
AUTOMOTIVE
K to 12 –Technology and Livelihood Education 39
Form 1- IT Form
Item Source
Description Quantity Remarks
No. of Fund
Open wrench, mm. drop forged,
001 National 1 set, 12 pcs
Sakura, Japan
This is to certify that inventory of tools have been made on April 25, 2011.
_________________________
Property/Supply Officer
Conferred:
_________________________
Department Head
_________________________
instructor
Form 2 - ATC
Remarks / Condition
Item Source
Description
No. of Fund
Good Defective Condemnable
Open wrench, mm. drop forged,
001 National
Sakura, Japan
This is to certify that inventory of tools have been made on April 25, 2011.
_________________________
Property/Supply Officer
Conferred:
_________________________
Department Head
_________________________
instructor