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Hospitality Management: A Guide to Key Reference Works

Tim Bottorff
University of Central Florida, [email protected]

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Original Citation
Bottorff, T. (2013). Hospitality management: A guide to key reference works. Reference Services Review,
41(4), 605 - 622.
 Hospitality Management:
A Guide to Key Reference Works

By Tim Bottorff

Introduction

Libraries supporting undergraduate and/or graduate level hospitality management courses need
to collect materials related to many diverse industries, including food and beverage, lodging,
meetings and special events, travel and tourism, and theme parks and attractions. This article
provides the first comprehensive review of the major books, databases, websites, and other
resources that comprise a quality hospitality management reference collection.

The term hospitality generally refers to the set of businesses and organizations that provide
services to travelers: food, lodging, and travel. An ancient profession, the provision of
hospitality has only recently been recognized for the multi-billion dollar industry that it truly is
— and, in today’s sluggish economy, for its impact on the job market.

In fact, the U.S. hospitality industry is one of the nation’s largest employers, supporting more
than 7.5 million jobs annually (USTA, Economic Review, 2011-12). The travel industry alone
ranks fifth in terms of private industry employment and payroll in the United States, after only
health care, retail, manufacturing, and administrative jobs (USTA, Travel and Tourism, 2010-
11). Globally, the United Nations World Tourism Organization reports, the hospitality industry
employs one in eleven people and accounts for approximately 9% of the world’s GDP
(UNWTO, 2013).

Responding to these employment opportunities, colleges and universities around the nation are
increasingly offering courses or entire degrees in fields such as tourism studies, hotel and
restaurant management, and travel administration, or even in niche areas such as event
management or timeshare management. Collectively, these areas of study may be placed under
the rubric of hospitality management.

Hospitality management is a relatively new academic field. Until the early twentieth century,
education in the various facets of hospitality came primarily through apprenticeships and on-the-
job training. Hospitality entered the academy more formally starting with the establishment of
the School of Hotel Administration at Cornell University in 1922 (Edmundson, 1996). By 1946,
enough educators and industry executives were interested in the condition of hospitality
education to form the Council on Hotel and Restaurant Education, now called the Council on
Hotel, Restaurant, and Institutional Education (CHRIE) (Ryan, 1996). Nonetheless, the first
scholarly journal in the field, the Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, did not
appear until 1960 (Livingston, 1985), and by the early 1970s there were still only about 40 four-
year college-level programs in the United States (CHRIE, 2006).

Despite its modest beginnings, hospitality management education has grown tremendously in
recent years. According to CHRIE, there are now approximately 170 accredited programs
 2

granting bachelor’s degrees, over 45 granting graduate degrees, and more than 800 programs
granting associate degrees or certificates (CHRIE, 2006).

The number and type of subjects studied in hospitality management programs varies widely.
Some programs focus on just one or two aspects of the field, such as hotel and restaurant
management. Others offer a broad array of courses or concentrations in areas as diverse as
foodservice, lodging, meetings and conventions, travel and tourism, and theme parks and
attractions. Many established programs even offer a full slate of hospitality-themed courses in
subjects such as accounting, geography, human resources, law, marketing, and technology.
Similarly, some programs take a more vocational, hands-on approach, in which the goal is to
prepare students for entry- and mid-level hospitality positions, while others take a more
management-based approach, in which the goal is to groom future industry leaders and
executives.

Given the proliferation of hospitality programs in colleges and universities, many academic
libraries around the nation have been working to increase their hospitality holdings and services.
In fact, there are now at least four academic libraries in the United States that specialize almost
entirely in hospitality management resources:

 Alice Statler Library at the City College of San Francisco

http://www.ccsf.edu/NEW/en/library/about-library/library-locations/statler.html
(accessed 15 July 2013)

 Massad Family Library Research Center and Hospitality Industry Archives at the
University of Houston
http://www.hrm.uh.edu/RESOURCES/LibraryandArchives/Massad-Family-Library-/
(accessed 15 July 2013)

 Nestlé Library at Cornell University

http://www.hotelschool.cornell.edu/research/library (accessed 15 July 2013)

 Universal Orlando Foundation Library at the University of Central Florida

http://library.ucf.edu/rosen (accessed 15 July 2013)

Each of these libraries offers the usual array of resources for interested researchers, such as
access to the online catalog, research guides, and links to useful websites. Several other
academic libraries have significant hospitality management collections, including those at
Florida International University, Michigan State University, New York University, Northwestern
University, Oklahoma State University, Penn State University, Purdue University, University of
California Berkeley, University of Hawaii, and the University of Nevada Las Vegas.

Nonetheless, beyond the materials that may be freely accessed at the above libraries, there are
very few resources for librarians seeking to improve their hospitality holdings. Articles on travel
and tourism websites have either focused on sites of interest to the general public, have neglected
most key print and subscription materials, or have failed to examine more specialized areas of
the field (Krupar & Auer, 2005; Zabel, 2003). The Reference & User Services Association’s
 3

annual review of “Outstanding Business Reference Sources” occasionally includes a small

number of hospitality titles, and monographs such as the recent ALA Guide to Economics &
Business Reference mention a few titles (Outstanding Business Reference, 2011; ALA, 2011).
However, no systematic review of key reference resources in hospitality management has been
undertaken.

The following guide attempts to fill that gap and will be most useful to libraries that support two-
year, four-year, or graduate level programs in hospitality management. Business librarians and
general reference librarians will also discover much useful information here, as questions dealing
with aspects of the hospitality and tourism field are becoming more commonplace at the general
reference desk.

Annotated Bibliography of Key Works

The following selections focus on core reference works and electronic resources that are specific
to hospitality management. In reality, the diverse areas of study that encompass hospitality
management are very interdisciplinary in nature. Consequently, librarians wishing to
successfully serve hospitality management students should also have access to at least core
collections of materials in areas such as anthropology, business, geography, government, law,
technology, and general reference.

General Hospitality Management Resources

For the librarian, a useful way to conceptualize the diverse parts of the sprawling field of
hospitality management is to separate it into different “industries,” such as the food and beverage
industry, the lodging industry, the meetings and events industry, the theme park industry, and the
travel and tourism industry. Each of these major areas will be treated in-depth below. In reality,
of course, these different sectors overlap a great deal. The following important sources attempt
to cover all or several parts of the entire field.

Brotherton, B. and Wood, R.C. (2008), SAGE Handbook of Hospitality Management,

Sage, Los Angeles, CA.
As with the SAGE Handbook of Tourism Studies (see the Tourism section above), this
useful work provides excellent introductory, medium-length chapters written by experts in
the field. This work takes a broad view of hospitality management as a whole, covering
key themes (structure, gender, education, etc.), key management functional areas
(operations, financial management, marketing, human resources, etc.), and specialized
sectors (lodging, meetings, food & beverage, etc.). This is a must-have work for any
hospitality reference section.

Medlik, S. (2003), Dictionary of Travel, Tourism, & Hospitality, Butterworth-Heinemann,

Boston, MA.
 4

A good basic dictionary covering the full scope of the hospitality and tourism industries. It
also includes appendices with listings of organizations, biographical entries, abbreviations,
and more.

Pizam, A. (2010), International Encyclopedia of Hospitality Management,

Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, MA.
The first edition of this work (2005) provided the first comprehensive one-volume
hospitality encyclopedia in more than a decade. This second, updated edition (2010) is a
key work that should be a part of any hospitality reference section. The short to medium-
length articles are signed by experts in the field and usually include several references for
further reading.

Plunkett Research (2012), Plunkett’s Airline, Hotel, & Travel Industry Almanac, Plunkett,
Houston, TX.
The Plunkett’s almanacs all follow a similar outline, with major content including a useful
narrative section on key trends, a chapter with handy industry statistics, and a large section
with company profiles (which includes some private companies on which information can
be difficult to find in other sources). Another useful title for hospitality reference is
Plunkett’s Food Industry Almanac (2012).

World Chamber of Commerce Directory (2012), World Chamber of Commerce Directory,

Loveland, CO.
This source, updated annually for more than 50 years, provides a comprehensive directory
to chambers of commerce, state boards of tourism, convention and visitors bureaus,
economic development councils, foreign chambers of commerce, and many other such
organizations.

Food & Beverage Resources

The U.S. food and beverage industry employs more than 13 million workers in over 980,000
locations and generates over $660 billion in total sales each year. In fact, the restaurant industry
is one of the nation’s largest private employers, and career prospects in restaurants will likely
remain good for the foreseeable future (NRA, 2013).

For the purposes of this review, the food and beverage industry encompasses areas such as
restaurants (including quick service, casual service, fine dining, etc.), bars, cafes, catering
operations, coffee shops, and food service at hotels, on airplanes, at private clubs, and at special
events. Some hospitality management programs focus more on the culinary aspects of food,
while others place more emphasis on the management of food and beverage operations;
obviously, the library’s collection must reflect this distinction. In either case, reference works on
the foodservice industry are numerous and varied, so libraries wishing to cover this area well
must invest considerable time and resources in the collection.
 5

Alcohol, Beer, and Wine:

Brostrom, G. and Brostrom, J. (2009), Business of Wine: An Encyclopedia, Greenwood

Press, Westport, CN.
This handy one-volume work is unique in its focus on the business side of wine, including
companies, economics, industry segments, legal issues, personalities, and more.
Appendices include international wine data, conversions, and a brief bibliography.

Domine, A. (2008), Ultimate Guide to Spirits & Cocktails, Ullmann, Konigswinter,

Germany.
Although this source is at times informal and relaxed, no other source covers spirits and
cocktails as well or as comprehensively as this hefty volume. The table of contents and
index allow readers to dip into it efficiently, and high-quality photographs and illustrations
accompany the text throughout.

Edwards, G. and Edwards, S. (2007), Dictionary of Drink: A Guide to Every Type of

Beverage, Stroud, Sutton. UK.
While the focus of this dictionary is on types of beverages (both alcoholic and non-
alcoholic), also included are entries on other aspects of the beverage business, including
brands, personalities, terminology, wineries, and much more.

Johnson, H. and Robinson, J. (2007), World Atlas of Wine, Mitchell Beazley, London, UK.
Edited by two of the top names in modern oenology, this lavishly illustrated and well-
researched work is a key reference to the various wine growing regions of the world.

Oliver, G. (2012), Oxford Companion to Beer, Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
A quality reference on the art, history, and science of beer, with entries on breweries,
chemistry, companies, cultures, ingredients, personalities, styles, and much more. Also
included are appendices on beer organizations, festivals, websites, magazines, newspapers,
and museums.

Parker, R.M. (2008), Parker's Wine Buyer's Guide (7th ed), Simon & Schuster, New York,
NY.
Now in its 7th edition, this is a classic reference on wine vintages, prices, and ratings, from
one of the world’s foremost experts in wine.

Robinson, J. (2006), Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
Like most Oxford Companion books, this work provides a solid single-volume reference to
its title subject. Included are entries on wine growing regions, ingredients, personalities,
specialized vocabulary, and much more, as well as lots of helpful illustrations and maps.

Robinson, J., Harding, J., and Vouillamoz, J. (2012). Wine Grapes: A Complete Guide to
1,368 Vine Varieties, Including Their Origins and Flavours, Ecco/HarperCollins, New
York, NY.
This massive new tome is the most thorough and authoritative work on wine grapes to date
– covering more than 1,300 different grape varieties – and it is a must-have for any serious
 6

wine reference collection. Also useful, especially for undergraduates, is Oz Clarke’s

Grapes & Wines: A Comprehensive Guide to Varieties and Flavours, (Sterling Epicure,
2010), previous editions of which were titled Oz Clarke's Grapes & Wines (2007) or
Encyclopedia of Grapes (2001).

Food Dictionaries and Encyclopedias:

Arndt, A. (2006), Culinary Biographies, YES Press, Houston, TX.

This unique and highly recommended work fills an important niche, and its full subtitle
explains its scope: A Dictionary of the World's Great Historic Chefs, Cookbook Authors
and Collectors, Farmers, Gourmets, Home Economists, Nutritionists, Restaurateurs,
Philosophers, Physicians, Scientists, Writers, and Others Who Influenced the Way We Eat
Today. It is actually more of biographical encyclopedia than a dictionary, as most entries
are two to four pages in length.

Ayto, John (2012), Diner’s Dictionary: Word Origins of Food & Drink, Oxford University
Press, United Kingdom.
Of the many general food and beverage dictionaries on the market, this updated edition
from John Ayto is one of the more scholarly and in-depth. Also useful are general works
such as Food Lover’s Companion (Barron’s, 2007), International Dictionary of
Gastronomy (Hippocrene Books, 2003), and Webster’s New World Dictionary of Culinary
Arts (Prentice Hall, 2001). Some libraries may also require more specialized works such
as Dictionary of Food Science and Technology (Blackwell, 2009) and Pocket Dictionary of
Food Safety (CRC Press, 2011).

Katz, S.H. (2003), Encyclopedia of Food and Culture, Scribner, New York, NY.
This three-volume set remains one of the best for delving into the cultural, historical, and
sociological aspects of food. Other useful works in this area include the Cambridge World
History of Food (Cambridge Univ Press, 2000) and the Oxford Companion to Food
(Oxford Univ Press, 2006).

Myhrvold, N. (2011), Modernist Cuisine: The Art and Science of Cooking, Cooking Lab,
Bellevue, WA.
This groundbreaking set focuses on modernist “science-inspired techniques” of cooking.
The six volumes (and more than 2400 pages) cover history and fundamentals, techniques
and equipment, animals and plants, ingredients and preparations, plated-dish recipes, and a
kitchen manual. This is an essential purchase for libraries serving culinary or restaurant
management programs, but it may be too specialized (and pricy) for some more general
hospitality collections.

Pilcher, J.M. (2012), Oxford Handbook of Food History, Oxford Univ Press, New York,
NY.
This major new scholarly work would be an excellent addition to food reference
collections, especially those serving upper-level undergraduates, graduates, and
researchers. The material is organized into major chapters (“Anthropology of Food,”
 7

“Culture of Food,” “Medieval Spice Trade,” and so on) that are authored by accomplished
historians. Extensive notes and bibliographies also accompany the chapters.

Robuchon, J. (2009), Larousse Gastronomique: The World’s Greatest Culinary

Encyclopedia, Clarkson Potter/Publishers, New York, NY.
The latest in the great line of Larousse culinary encyclopedias, this work still retains its
focus on French cuisine, but it has been updated for modern times and is more balanced in
coverage than some of the older, classic editions. It remains a must-have for food
reference collections. Hands-on culinary collections should also have the four-volume
Larousse Gastronomique Recipe Collection (Clarkson Potter, 2004).

Smith, A.F. (2012), Fast Food and Junk Food: An Encyclopedia of What We Love to Eat,
Greenwood, Santa Barbara, CA.
This is one of the more recent works in a long line of highly specific food encyclopedias
that have been published within the last decade. Most libraries supporting food and
beverage research will need this work, as well as all or several of the following self-
explanatory titles: Cultural Encyclopedia of Vegetarianism (Greenwood, 2010),
Encyclopedia of Herbs (Timber Press, 2009), Encyclopedia of Jewish Food (Wiley, 2010),
Encyclopedia of Kitchen History (Fitzroy Dearborn, 2004), Encyclopedia of Pasta
(University of California Press, 2009), New Whole Foods Encyclopedia: A Comprehensive
Resource for Healthy Eating (Penguin Books, 2010), and They Eat That?: A Cultural
Encyclopedia of Weird and Exotic Food from Around the World (ABC-Clio, 2012).

Smith, A.F. (2013). Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America, Oxford
University Press, New York, NY.
Andrew F. Smith is a prolific author and editor of works on culinary history and culture,
and the updated second edition of this three-volume work is essential for all food reference
collections. It contains almost twice as many entries as the first edition, and the coverage
includes chronological surveys, products, ethnic and cultural groups, personalities, political
and social food movements, and much more.

Turner, C.L. and Randovski, J.A. (2011), Encyclopedia of Food Science Research, Nova
Science Publishers, Hauppauge, NY.
The highly scientific and technical nature of this three-volume set makes it unnecessary or
marginal for most general hospitality collections, but it would be indispensable to libraries
serving programs with food science students and researchers. Topics include bioactive
peptides, organic vegetables, food waste management, functional components of food,
chemical analysis, and much more. Each of the 52 chapters includes thorough treatment of
its subject and an extensive list of references.

Foodservice Industry Statistics and Trends:

Chain Store Guides (2011), Directory of Chain Restaurant Operators, Chain Store Guides,
Tampa, FL.
Although most of the data in individual listings (sales, number of employees, locations,
etc.) can be located online or in company databases, this directory’s geographical
 8

breakdowns and extensive indexes (by type of foodservice, menu type, franchisee, and
more) are still useful for food researchers. The publisher also produces a Directory of
Food Service Distributors.

New Strategist Publications (2011), Who’s Buying at Restaurants and Carry-Outs, New
Strategist, Ithaca, NY.
The Bureau of Labor’s Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES) is the primary source of data
for this publication, but the presentation and ease of use make this a useful addition to food
reference collections. It is chock-full of charts and statistics on spending at restaurants by
age, income, household type, race, geography, education, and other factors. A related and
similarly useful title is Who’s Buying Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Beverages (New
Strategist, 2011).

Grey House Publishing (2013), Food and Beverage Market Place, Grey House, Amenia,
NY.
This massive three-volume source is still the most comprehensive listing of foodservice
products and companies. It includes numerous indexes and entry points. It is updated
annually, though most libraries could get by with a new edition only every few years.

National Restaurant Association (2011), Restaurant Industry Forecast, National

Restaurant Association, Washington, D.C.
An annual slim volume produced by the nation’s foremost restaurant association, this
must-have work serves up a heaping plateful of statistics, market research, and trends on
all facets of the domestic restaurant industry.

Tlapa, C.A., Miller, R.K., and Washington, K. (2011), Restaurant, Food & Beverage
Market Research Handbook, Richard K. Miller & Associates, Loganville, GA.
As with most of Richard Miller’s handbooks, this source consists mostly of brief
summaries and references to material published in trade magazines, industry websites,
books, and other sources. Its usefulness is in providing helpful starting points, identifying
major sources, and conceptualizing a topic.

Miscellaneous Foodservice Works:

Clarkson, J. (2009), Menus from History: Historic Meals and Recipes for Every Day of the
Year, Greenwood Press, Santa Barbara, CA.
This work operates under the premise of providing a historical menu for every day of the
year, spanning hundreds of years of culinary history. This unique approach results in a
fascinating work that can be useful for cooks, food historians, and many others. Indexes
offer access points by chronology, country, occasion, and recipe, and a glossary and
bibliography is also included.

Hill, K.T. (2010), Career Opportunities in the Food and Beverage Industry, Ferguson,
New York, NY.
Since most hospitality programs are very career-oriented, students frequently need
information about jobs and career paths. This book, part of the well-known Career
 9

Opportunities in… series, provides a good overview of careers in the foodservice industry.
Entries cover duties, training, education, salaries, employment prospects, advancement
prospects, and much more. Listings of relevant schools, associations, and periodicals are
also included.

Pennington, J.A.T. and Spungen, J. (2010), Bowes & Church's Food Values of Portions
Commonly Used, Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA.
This is a time-honored source for in-depth nutritional and compositional information about
thousands of different foods. For basic serving size information, another standard source is
Chef’s Book of Formulas, Yields, and Sizes (Wiley, 2003).

Plunkett Research (2012), Plunkett's Food Industry Almanac, Plunkett Research, Houston,
TX.
See the General Resources category below for a description of this and other Plunkett’s
almanacs.

Zagat Survey (2012), America's Top Restaurants, Zagat, New York, NY.
This classic source is still a trusted and relatively objective guide to top restaurants in 45
major American metropolitan areas. Each establishment is rated on food, décor, service,
and cost.

Lodging Resources

The lodging industry in the United States is a large enterprise, employing nearly two million
workers and generating over $150 billion in sales each year. It includes over 52,000 properties
in the United States with a total of over 4.9 million guestrooms (AHLA, 2013).

Making up the lodging industry are such areas as hotels, motels, resorts, casinos, bed and
breakfasts, inns, guesthouses, and campgrounds. Occasionally, areas such as timeshare
properties, condominiums, and vacation ownership properties are also included in this category.
Materials relating to the lodging industry can be expensive, so libraries may have to make
choices regarding areas of emphasis or facets of the industry to cover.

Casinos and Gaming:

Casino City (2012), Global Gaming Almanac, Casino City, Newton, MA.
This hefty book (also available as a subscription or as a CD) provides statistics, market
research data, and other information for the gaming industry as a whole and by country.
Casino City also publishes a number of other key casino publications, including the North
American Gaming Almanac, Indian Gaming Industry Report, Internet Gambling Report,
and the Gaming Business Directory, the last providing detailed listings of casinos, horse
tracks, dog tracks, cruise ships, online casinos, industry suppliers, and more. A smaller
and more consumer-oriented casino directory is the American Casino Guide (Casino
Vacations, 2012).
 10

Hashimoto, K. and Fenish, G.G. (2007), Casino Dictionary: Gaming and Business Terms,
Pearson, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
A handy basic dictionary covering the vocabulary and jargon of games of chance, cheating
methods, management areas, and other areas relating to the casino industry.

Miller, R.K. and Washington, K.D. (2012), Casinos, Gaming & Wagering, Richard K.
Miller & Associates, Loganville, GA.
As with most of Richard Miller’s handbooks, this source consists mostly of brief
summaries and references to material published in trade magazines, industry websites,
books, and other sources. It is useful in bringing it all together in one cover and for
providing starting points to assist the researcher in delving deeper into various facets of the
industry.

Thompson, W.N. (2001), Gambling in America: An Encyclopedia of History, Issues, and

Society, ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, CA.
This key one-volume work includes encyclopedic entries on all aspects of gambling in
America, as well as a chronology, a glossary of terms, bibliographies, and other useful
features.

Lodging:

PKF Hospitality Research (2011), Trends in the Hotel Industry (USA ed.), PKF Hospitality
Research, New York, NY.
Produced annually, this report offers broad trends and data pertaining to the United States
lodging industry, including breakdowns by geographic region and type of hotel. Libraries
with more generous budgets may be able to subscribe to a customized lodging information
package through Smith Travel Research, the leading market research firm in the lodging
industry. Also useful are publications such as the Green Book, published annually by the
trade magazine Hotel Business, and the Ultimate Hotel Guide, published annually by the
trade magazine Travel Weekly.

Professional Association of Innkeepers International (2011), Industry Study of Innkeeping

Operations and Finance, PAII, Haddon Heights, NY.
This annual report is the best source of data on the small “inn” and “bed & breakfast”
segment of the lodging industry. It includes ownership profiles, property characteristics,
revenues and expenses, compensation levels, and much more. For a basic directory of
such establishments, a standard source is Complete Guide to Bed & Breakfasts, Inns, &
Guesthouses in the United States, Canada, & Worldwide (Lanier, 2011).

Woodall’s Publications (2012), Woodall’s North American Campground Directory,

Woodall’s, Guilford, CT.
A classic reference source in publication since 1936, Woodall’s provides a comprehensive
listing of campgrounds in the United States and Canada. Most libraries will need a new
edition only every few years.
 11

Timeshares:

American Resort Development Association and Ernst & Young (2012), State of the
Vacation Timeshare Industry, ARDA International Foundation, Washington, D.C.
This annual report is the best source for current statistical and market information on the
United States timeshare industry, including resort size, type, sales, geographic region, and
more. The American Resort Development Association (ARDA) also publishes several
related titles that specialized collections may wish to acquire, such as the Economic Impact
of the Timeshare Industry on the U.S. Economy, the Shared Vacation Ownership: Owners
Report, and the Timeshare Industry Resource Manual.

Interval International (2011), Membership Profile, Interval International, Miami, FL.

This slim volume and related Interval International reports (Future Timeshare Buyers,
Affluent Shared Ownership Buyer, etc.) focus on the U.S. timeshare market and buyer,
featuring the results of surveys conducted by the market research firm. These works
complement ARDA’s extensive series of timeshare publications (see previous entry).

Meetings and Events Resources

The meetings and events industry is slowly gaining recognition, and employment prospects are
surprisingly good – and projected to continue growing in the future. In 2002, the U.S.
Department of Labor recognized “meeting and convention planners” as a separate occupation for
the first time, estimating that around 37,000 Americans were coordinating all aspects of
professional meetings and events, including choosing meeting locations, arranging
transportation, and coordinating other details (“For What It’s Worth, 2002). By 2010, the
Department of Labor broadened the title to “meeting, convention, and event planners” and
estimated that more than 71,000 Americans were working in the field. Moreover, it estimated
employment growth between 2010 and 2020 to be a staggering 44 percent (BLS, 2013).

The meeting and convention industry includes areas such as meetings, incentives, conventions,
expositions, trade shows, special events, festivals, and conferences.

Adamson, M.W. and Segan, F. (2008), Entertaining from Ancient Rome to the Super Bowl:
An Encyclopedia, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT.
A two volume set offering short- to medium-length articles on celebrations and events of
all types, including festivals, holidays, sporting events, and much more. No other work
covers the history and culture of entertaining so thoroughly.

Chase’s Calendar of Events (2013), McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.

A must-have classic reference work, this annual book can provide ideas and background
for planners of holidays, festivals, and celebrations of all types. A searchable CD-Rom
now accompanies the book.

Connell, J. and Page, S. (2010), Event Tourism: Critical Concepts in Tourism, Routledge,
New York, NY.
 12

An impressive set covering the intersection of events and tourism in four thematic
volumes. Most of the chapters are reprints of previously published journal articles, book
chapters, and conference papers, but there is great value in having them brought together
all in one carefully arranged source.

Findling, J.E. and Pelle, K.D. (2008), Encyclopedia of World’s Fairs and Expositions,
McFarland, Jefferson, NC.
This single-volume work provides an article on every world’s fair (or similar type of
exposition) in chronological order, from London 1851 to Shanghai 2010. Also included
are several useful appendices, including ones on fair officials, a listing of smaller or
canceled fairs, and an extensive bibliography.

Goldblatt, J. and Nelson, K.S. (2001), International Dictionary of Event Management,

Wiley, New York, NY.
This source remains the most current dictionary focusing on the field of event
management. An alphabetical listing of terms and definitions is followed by a categorical
listing by knowledge domain, designed to be helpful for those studying for the Certified
Special Events Professional exam.

Miskelly, M. (2012), Trade Shows Worldwide, Gale, Detroit, MI.

Arranged in three volumes, this annual source provides the most extensive listing of trade
show listings, sponsors, organizers, facilities, and rankings.

PKF Hospitality Research (2012), Trends in the Conference Center Industry, PKF
Hospitality Research, Atlanta, GA.
As with most PKF publications, this report is pricy but chock-full of data, charts, and
graphs on the conference center industry, including revenue, rates, occupancy, meeting
statistics, human resources, and more.

Page, S.J. and Connell, J. (2012). Routledge Handbook of Events, Routledge, New York,
NY.
Similar to other Routledge Handbooks, this work features chapters written by experts on
all facets of events studies. The chapters are excellent sources in themselves and usually
feature extensive references and further reading suggestions.

Salesman’s Guides (2012), Association Meeting & Event Planners, Salesman’s Guides,
Richmond, VA.
Published annually, this directory covers more than 17,000 state and national associations
that hold meetings. It can be useful for industry professionals as well as for students
seeking to find employment in this rapidly growing field. Other specialized directories are
also available from the same publisher, such as Corporate Meeting & Event Planners,
Medical Meeting & Event Planners, and Religious Meeting & Event Planners.

Travel Industry Association of America (2006), U.S. Domestic Business and Convention
Travel, TIAA, Washington, D.C.
 13

Although pricy, this resource provides an unparalleled amount of data about business and
convention travel in the United States, including travel volume, demographics, and trip
characteristics.

Wallace, E., Mathai, M., and Heath, A. (2008), Convention Industry Council Manual,
Convention Industry Council, Washington, D.C.
Designed to be a guide for meeting professionals as well as a study aid for the Certified
Meeting Professional exam, this source is also a useful reference source for event
management students. Chapters cover all aspects of meeting planning, such as budgeting,
venue selection, risk management, food and beverage, transportation, ethics, and much
more, often including sample forms, checklists, and other practical features.

Theme Park & Attractions Resources

Of all the diverse industries that comprise the field of hospitality management, theme parks and
attractions has probably received the least amount of scholarly attention—at least outside of
locales where theme parks are heavily concentrated, such as Florida, California, the Northeast,
and the Midwest. However, interest in theme parks and attractions is clearly on the rise,
especially as the field continues to grow and diversify. In 2010, approximately 290 million
people went through the turnstiles of theme parks and attractions in the United States, generating
more than $12 billion in revenue (IAAPA, 2013).

The industry includes areas such as general amusement parks, specialized theme parks
(historical, cultural, geographical, etc.), water parks, family entertainment centers (go-carts,
miniature golf, etc.), zoological parks (especially those that incorporate elaborate rides and
shows, such as Sea World), and natural attractions (botanical gardens, Grand Canyon, etc.).

International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions (2011-12), Amusement

Park Benchmark Study, IAAPA, Alexandria, VA.
From the foremost industry association on amusement parks, this report provides a
comprehensive overview of the amusement park business, including operational
characteristics, pricing, attendance, revenue, marketing, and more. IAAPA also publishes
several other key reports on the attractions industry, such as Managing Attractions for
More Profit, Family Entertainment Center Benchmark Study, and Water Park Benchmark
Study.

Jeffers, G. and Rubin, J. (2013), Global Attractions Attendance Report, Themed

Entertainment Association, available online at
https://www.teaconnect.org/sites/default/files/misc/files/2012_theme_index_combined_1-
3_online.pdf (accessed 15 July 2013).
A vital annual report on the global attractions industry, including attendance estimates,
trends, and analysis. At one time it was published only in industry trade magazines, but for
the last several years it has been freely available through the Themed Entertainment
Association (TEA) website.
 14

Smith, David (2006), Disney A to Z: The Official Encyclopedia, Disney Editions, New
York, NY.
As the title implies, this book is the best single-volume reference to the vast Disney
empire, including theme parks, movies, television shows, songs, personalities, and more.
Also useful is Chris Stodder’s more narrowly focused Disneyland Encyclopedia (Santa
Monica Press, 2012).

Travel Industry Association (2006), Economic Impact of the Attractions Industry, TIA,
Washington, D.C.
A joint production of the Travel Industry Association and the International Association of
Amusement Parks & Attractions, this brief report provides a wealth of statistical,
economic, and demographic research on the attractions industry.

Travel & Tourism Resources

As with the field of hospitality management as a whole, the travel and tourism industry is
actually a collection of closely-related enterprises, including such areas as travel, tourism (which
may be further subdivided into categories such as ecotourism, heritage tourism, etc.), airlines,
cruise lines, travel agencies, and tour operators.

Collectively, domestic and international travelers spend over $800 billion in the United States
each year, and direct travel-generated payroll exceeds $195 billion (USTA, Economic Review,
2011-12).

There are many important resources pertaining to the various areas of travel and tourism, and
libraries may need to make choices regarding areas of emphasis and depth of coverage.

Collins, V.R. (2008), Tourism Society's Dictionary for the Tourism Industry, CABI,
Cambridge, MA.
This is a small, handy general tourism dictionary with brief definitions on thousands of
terms. CABI also published A Dictionary of Travel and Tourism Terminology (2005),
which features longer and more in-depth entries. Key Concepts in Tourism (Palgrave
Macmillan, 2007) has a similar approach, providing fewer entries but much longer mini-
encyclopedic coverage of key issues and terms.

Jamal, T. and Robinson, M. (2009), SAGE Handbook of Tourism Studies, SAGE, Los
Angeles, CA.
This highly-recommended work provides an excellent introduction to the sprawling subject
of tourism studies through medium-length chapters on different aspects of the field.
Entries are written by experts and include extensive references at the end. Upper-level
undergraduates and graduate students will especially benefit from this book’s in-depth
explorations of difficult or poorly-covered areas of tourism studies.

Lück, M. (2008), Encyclopedia of Tourism & Recreation in Marine Environments, CABI,

Cambridge, MA.
 15

Marine tourism covers a wide range of industries and subject areas, and this one-volume
encyclopedia provides a good introduction to its various facets, mostly through short to
medium-length entries signed by experts. An extensive list of references and further
reading suggestions is included at the end.

Miller, R.K. and Washington, K. (2011-12), Travel & Tourism Market Research
Handbook, Richard K. Miller & Associates, Loganville, GA.
This annual publication is a handy starting point for a myriad of travel and tourism
inquiries. Most of the content is pulled from other books, trade magazines, and websites,
but this work brings it all together and often points the reader to the best industry
association or trade source for more in-depth research on the topic. Topics covered include
agritourism to zoos and everything in between.

National Golf Foundation (2009), Golf Travel in the U.S., NGF, Jupiter, FL.
This brief report is one of the few sources with demographic and market research data on
golf travelers, defined as adults “who traveled on business or vacation and played golf at
least once while on a trip.”

New Strategist Publications (2010), Who’s Buying for Travel, New Strategist, Ithaca, NY.
Based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Consumer Expenditure Survey, this
report provides data on travel categories that might otherwise be difficult to track, such as
spending on gasoline, luggage, taxi fares, and vehicle rentals.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2010), OECD Tourism Trends
& Policies, OECD, Paris, France.
This work is a key source for learning about the organizational and logistical nature of
tourism policy and practice in 42 of the world’s most developed tourism economies. Also
included are overview chapters exploring hot-button issues such as sustainable tourism and
destination marketing.

Speake, J. (2003), Literature of Travel and Exploration: An Encyclopedia, Fitzroy

Dearborn, New York, NY.
This highly readable three-volume work is the most complete reference source on travel
and exploration literature, including entries on individuals, places, methods of
transportation, organizations, societies, and much more. Entries are signed and include
extensive references and further reading lists.

U.S. Travel Association (2010-11), Economic Review of Travel in America, USTA,

Washington, D.C.
The U.S. Travel Association (formerly known as the Travel Industry Association)
publishes many must-have publications covering the domestic travel and tourism
industries. This work provides background, data, and statistics on the economic impact of
travel from a variety of different angles. Other key USTA publications include Impact of
Travel on State Economies, Outlook for Travel & Tourism, Survey of U.S. State and
Territory Tourism Offices, Travel and Tourism Works for America, and Travelers’ Use of
the Internet.
 16

Ward, D. (2012), Complete Guide to Cruising & Cruise Ships, Berlitz Publications,
London, UK.
Both this publication and Stern’s Guide to the Cruise Vacation (Pelican, 2012) are geared
more towards consumers, but they can also provide excellent background material for
students researching the cruise industry. Published annually, they provide overviews of
the current cruise line industry, including major cruise lines, ships, ports of call, and other
practical information. They can serve as complements to more scholarly (but less
frequently updated) resources such as Cruise Tourism: Current Situations and Trends (see
the World Tourism Organization entry below).

Williams, S. (2004), Tourism: Critical Concepts in the Social Sciences, Routledge, New
York, NY.
This four-volume set mostly consists of reprints of book chapters, journal articles, and
conference proceedings from the 1970s through the early 2000s. As such, libraries with
extensive historical holdings in the field may get by without it, but for most others it may
serve as a crucial source of past key writings, all brought together in one place and
arranged in meaningful categories.

World Tourism Organization (2012), Compendium of Tourism Statistics, WTO, Madrid,

Spain.
This annual volume provides official tourism data (inbound, outbound, domestic,
employment, and other statistics) for more than 200 countries and territories. A
companion volume, the Yearbook of Tourism Statistics, provides more detail about non-
resident arrivals at national borders. The WTO also publishes numerous important tourism
reports every year: recent publications have included Budgets of National Tourism
Organizations (2010), Cruise Tourism: Current Situations and Trends (2010), Handbook
on Tourism Destination Branding (2009), Measuring the Economic Impact of the Meetings
Industry (2006), Youth Travel Matters: Understanding the Global Phenomenon of Youth
Travel (2008), and many others. Libraries dedicated to supporting extensive tourism
collections should inquire about becoming a WTO Depository Library
(http://publications.unwto.org/en/node/29763), which entitles the library to receive WTO
publications at a greatly reduced price in exchange for preserving and providing public
access to the material.

Hospitality Management Databases and Indexes

Listed below are the indexes and databases that specialize in resources that are directly
applicable to the study of hospitality management. Of course, the librarian assisting hospitality
students will also need to turn to general interest databases or to ones focused on business,
company information, economics, news, and science.

Food Science Source database, EBSCO Publishing, Ipswich, MA, available by

subscription.
 17

This database includes articles and reports from thousands of publications, covering all
aspects of the food industry. The coverage is tailored to food science practitioners and
technical specialists, and there is little overlap with more general databases such as
Hospitality & Tourism Complete.

Hospitality & Tourism Complete database, EBSCO Publishing, Ipswich, MA, available by
subscription.
As the name implies, this is the premier database for the fields of hospitality and tourism.
It includes nearly a million records, with coverage dating back to the 1930s, and includes a
lot of full text. Hospitality & Tourism Index, an index with similar coverage but very little
full text, is also available.

Leisure Tourism Abstracts database, CABI, Oxfordshire, UK, available by subscription.

The focus of this database is on leisure studies, recreation, and tourism, with more than
100,000 records dating back to the early 1970s. It is especially valuable for its coverage of
non-journal literature that is not indexed in a lot of other sources, such as book chapters,
conference proceedings, and theses and dissertations.

Mintel database, Mintel Group Ltd., Chicago, IL, available by subscription.

Mintel, a market intelligence firm, offers several useful products for libraries supporting
tourism collections, including Country Reports and Travel and Tourism Analyst reports.
The in-depth country reports, for example, are typically 20 or more pages in length and
include a special focus on travel and tourism within the destination.

Hospitality Management Websites and Electronic Lists

As with any academic subject, some useful websites applicable to hospitality management are
freely available online. Key statistics and news can often be found on government sites or on the
pages of professional associations or organizations. Such organizations often sell specialized
books, reports, or audiovisual programs as well. The following websites are among the most
useful for librarians supporting hospitality management collections.

Websites:

Airlines for America, http://www.airlines.org (accessed 15 July 2013)

American Culinary Federation, http://www.acfchefs.org (accessed 15 July 2013)
American Hotel & Lodging Association, http://www.ahla.com (accessed 15 July 2013)
American Resort Development Association, http://www.arda.org (accessed 15 July 2013)
American Society of Golf Course Architects, http://www.asgca.org (accessed 15 July
2013)
Beer Institute, http://www.beerinstitute.org (accessed 15 July 2013)
Club Managers Association of America, http://www.cmaa.org (accessed 15 July 2013)
Convention Industry Council, http://www.conventionindustry.org (accessed 15 July 2013)
Cruise Lines International Association, http://www.cruising.org (accessed 15 July 2013)
Federal Aviation Administration, http://www.faa.gov (accessed 15 July 2013)
 18

International Association of Amusement Parks & Attractions, http://www.iaapa.org

(accessed 15 July 2013)
Meeting Professionals International, http://www.mpiweb.org (accessed 15 July 2013)
Modern Brewery Age, http://www.breweryage.com (accessed 15 July 2013)
National Restaurant Association, http://www.restaurant.org (accessed 15 July 2013)
Office of Travel & Tourism Industries, http://tinet.ita.doc.gov (accessed 15 July 2013)
Pacific Asia Travel Association, http://www.pata.org (accessed 15 July 2013)
Professional Convention Management Association, http://www.pcma.org (accessed 15
July 2013)
Research and Innovative Technology Administration, http://www.rita.dot.gov (accessed 15
July 2013)
Themed Entertainment Association, http://www.teaconnect.org (accessed 15 July 2013)
Tourism Offices Worldwide Directory, http://www.towd.com (accessed 15 July 2013)
Travel.State.Gov, http://travel.state.gov (accessed 15 July 2013)
United States Golf Association, http://www.usga.org (accessed 15 July 2013)
UNLV Center for Gaming Research, http://gaming.unlv.edu (accessed 15 July 2013)
U.S. Travel Association, http://www.ustravel.org (accessed 15 July 2013)
Wine Institute, http://www.wineinstitute.org (accessed 15 July 2013)
World Golf, http://www.worldgolf.com (accessed 15 July 2013)
World Tourism Organization, http://www.unwto.org (accessed 15 July 2013)

Electronic Mailing Lists:

Hospitality-Lib (2004-present), email discussion list devoted to hospitality librarianship,

managed at the University of Central Florida, with subscription information available at
http://library.ucf.edu/rosen/hospitalitylib.php (accessed 15 July 2013).

References

American Hotel and Lodging Association (2013), “2013 lodging industry profile,” available at
http://www.ahla.com/content.aspx?id=35603 (accessed 15 July 2013).

American Library Association (2011), ALA Guide to Economics & Business Reference,
American Library Association, Chicago, IL.

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor (2013), Occupational Outlook Handbook,
available at http://www.bls.gov/ooh/ (accessed 15 July 2013).

Council on Hotel, Restaurant, and Institutional Education (2006), Guide to College Programs in
Hospitality, Tourism, & Culinary Arts, International CHRIE, Richmond, VA.

Edmondson, B. (1996), Hospitality Leadership: The Cornell Hotel School, Cornell Society of
Hotelmen, Ithaca, NY.
 19

“For what it’s worth, the government says planners really exist” (August 5, 2002), Meeting
News, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 8.

International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions, “Amusement park and attraction
industry statistics” (2013), available at
http://www.iaapa.org/pressroom/Amusement_Park_Industry_Statistics.asp (accessed 15
July 2013).

Krupar, E.M. and Auer, N.J. (2005), “Avoiding accidental tourism: reference resources for travel
research,” Journal of Library Administration, Vol 43, No. 3/4, pp. 209-225.

Livingston, J.S. (1985), “The electronic age, then and now,” Cornell Hotel & Restaurant
Administration Quarterly, Vol 26, No. 1, pp. 20-21.

National Restaurant Association, “Facts at a Glance” (2013), available at

http://www.restaurant.org/News-Research/Research/Facts-at-a-Glance (accessed 15 July
2013).

“Outstanding business reference sources” (Winter 2011), Reference & User Services Quarterly,
vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 122-126.

Ryan, J.K. (1996), “Looking back at the past 50 years: a chronological history of
CHRIE,” Hospitality & Tourism Educator, Vol 8, No. 2/3, pp. 33-36.

U.S. Travel Association (2011-2012), Economic Review of Travel in America, U.S. Travel
Association, Washington, D.C.

U.S. Travel Association (2010-2011), Travel and Tourism Works for America, U.S. Travel
Association, Washington, D.C.

United Nations World Tourism Organization (2013). UNWTO Tourism Highlights 2013 Edition.
United Nations World Tourism Organization, Madrid, Spain.

Zabel, D. (2003), “The best of the web: hospitality and tourism web sites,” Journal of
Business & Finance Librarianship, Vol. 8, No. 3/4, pp. 167-179.