é Waves Xe Basics (pg 322) 1. (I)F—Waves are created by a vibration 2. T(B-Asa wave moves, the individual particles of the medium move from the source of the wave to another location some distance away. 3. G/F—woves transport energy from one location to another without displacing matter from one Place to another. 4. What type of wave requires a medium? Ae chanrent Mowe 5. What type of wave is each diagram? What direction does the medium move compared to the wave? bias x: i Tronsvese. have. : alih AS : > 6. Which positions represent crests? Troughs? Neither? medic wave. peter? AC EH 8. The number of wave cycles per second is called what? What is the unit? Frepuency He or Seer! 9. What equation relates velocity, eee and wavelength? What equation relates frequency and period? Ve fe £ . — 10. What does the term “period” mean in ‘regards to waves? Se Tine Gor 1 complete wave :NE ET t 11. A pendulum makes 60 vibrations in 30 seconds. Calculate its period. 12. Agitl rides a swing in the park. She goes back and forth once every 5.0 seconds. a. SOsecondsisher.. Peciod b. Herfrequencyis 0,2 He c. “As the frequency of a wave increases, the period... sec ceases 13. Waves on a lake are 6m apart. A wave passes your boat every 2 seconds. a. Whats the frequency of the waves? dune Os He car ern nent v7 Es" GR) 14. Radio waves have a frequency of 103.5 MHz. & a. What are thelr wavelengths? (025 X00" #fe 2xiot= GossxicyA = 28m . What isthe period of the waves? = pee 7 Gaaxid > £ bese (dole X10 15. The wave below has a period of 0.5's and velocity of 8 m/s. 2. What is the distance from Ato £? ED ee 8 b Gtoe? BAe ae fean 16. A stationary submarine uses sonar to send a 1.18x10° Hz sound wave down through the ocean water. The sound wave reflects off the flat ocean bottom 324 m below and is detected 0.425sec after it was sent. a,” Calculate the speed of the sound wave. € Oui/es See b. Calculate the wavelength of the sound wave. 1824-7 Dr (hb x10* Determine the peri tie ek L, -CFsni! te) isentry 17. A fisherman is using a fish finder (sonar). The sound wave travels at 1200 m/s through the water, and returns in 0.020 seconds. How deep is the lake? j200 = oe 18. The waves are moving at 3.0 m/s. Each crest is 6.0 meters apart. How long does the bird have between each splashing? B= &E) ‘Os He =f a se | 19. Which pulse will take the least time to reach the wall, and why? | Pema Sante) Sucve. Slenky I _— ‘ £¥ 20. Asthe wavelength of a wave increases, its speed will. Stay content Gi mechanienl) AR 21. As wavelength of a wave increases, its frequency wit. dacreace. C¢E mechental ) Kw 22. Wave speed depends on:{(merhenieal evant only) / G@ Thee properties of the medium . Frequency b. Wavelength 8. Bothbandc ~ 23. Two boats are anchored 8.0 meters from each other. They bob up and down and return to"their normal position every 10 seconds. They rise 8.0 meters between their lowest and highest points. When one is up, the other is down. There aren’t any crests between them. Determine the f Period, frequency, = amplitude, and speed of the waves. jes25, 26, 27. 28. 30. . An FM station broadcasts radio signals with a frequency of 99.5 MHz. If these r Attuning fork’s tines vibrate 250 times in 2.0 sec. Find 2. The frequency of vibration pa 25Q_ os He ao. (as he) b. The period ane Tose S Sec The frequency of a when is ‘m, find the speed of the sound wave in a ms = (love +38) = b. km/hr fhm . 300 Ss hin Kon 0 Ge Goan ee NG if9V/4is 085m and the frequency is 125 Hz, find a. the wavelength’<—"S,1 my >) b. the period of the wave -“D,an%, 80> zl c. thevelocity ofthe wave. Geka GE) A source with a frequency of 20 Hz produces water waves that have a wavelength of 3.0cm. ‘What is the speed of the waves? me @.08) CoD * Lo "%~ ) at 3x10* m/s, what is their wavelength? Bue AGS) oe You are shouting in a monotone voice with a frequency of 440 Hz. Your friend is 300 m away. If the speed of sound is 344 /s, how many wavelengths occur between you and your friend? B47 > Ha D OQ mm * rbe Standing Waves (pg 334 & 355) 77 EwkecReence, 31, Whatiis a standing wave? What causes them? i Redleny focal by Contant interferene of > waves Le appears rit to move. 32. While playing, two children create a standing wave with a rope. A third person jumps. What is the wavelength of the wave? 1 ' 430m 33. The positions along the medium that appear stationary are caled_/\Ocbe § 34. The positions along the medium where maximum displacement is occurring are-called. 35, Label nodes and antingdes on the following diagrams: a a gn AA My FE 36. ae as 7N | LA | 37. How many wavelengths apart are nodes on a standing wave? 2 38. Draw the standing waves on the strings below: ‘Ist Harmonic ‘2nd Harmonic39. IF the strings in the previous problem are 1.5 meters long, determine the wavelength in each se ae to ps ZO 1.8m Jn 40. The string vibrates 33 cycles in 16 seconds Find the frequency, period, hand speed of the wave: © Oa: 3.0m 41. The string vibrates 45 cycles in 10 6.0 m seconds. Find the frequency, period, wavelength, and speed of the wave. : Ge ste Dz Ym TE OBASEL Ve 16% 42. The string vibrates 48 cycles. in 20 5.0m seconds.-Find the frequency, period, wavelength, and speed of the wave. Le 2k he DE ZT, i 7 Se 4 Te UNAS ne GH 43. The string vibrates 21 cycles in 5 a2m seconds. Find the frequency, period, wavelength, and speed of the wave. Patty Y= 328m Fe ODBC Ve [3.0%ve{t y= iz One end of rope is snached toa variable-speed dill and the other ead ie attached wo a 5.0-kilogram mass, The zope it draped overs hook on a wal oppose the ail, When the dl rotates at a equency of 20.0 Ha, standing ‘waves of the same frequency ae set pin the rope. Te eam below hows ech aye pate, 44. oft Determine the wavelength and speed of the waves. Az Bm > 45. The speed of waves in a particular. ‘guitar string is 425 m/s. Determine the fundamental frequency (1* harmonic) of the ‘string if its length is 76.5 cm. +, @S> + (453) De Qos) = 158m, a ee <> atthe: FS 46. Determine the length of guitar string required to produce a fundamental frequency of 256 Hz. The speed of the waves in the string are 405 m/s. SWS > 25 > see Sim = a3 47. Why do females typically have higher pitched voices than males? -Shoner, thinner vocal cords 48. Why do bass guitars have lower pitches than regular guitars? Aoeger, Kicker , looser seis 49. A guitar string with a length of 80.0 cm is plucked. The speed of the wave in the string is 400 ‘m/s. Calculate the frequencies of the first, second, and third harmonics, Aston — (Bde BS (C= corte = 20 We 50. A pitch of Middle D (first amonice 296 nef eated 73700. ‘em-guitarString. Calculate aras speed of the standing wave of the string. v2 @r\in) oS ‘[ i | i i i ‘ I 51. The first harmonic of a vibrating guitar string is at 587 Hz (pitch D5). The waves are moving at 600 m/s. How long is the string? GLb > 58F > oe ane L02m <> ony - B.so1 52. Waves propagate along a stretched string at 8.0 m/s. The end of the string vibrates up and down once every 1.5 seconds. What is the wavelength of the waves? oT FOL geh + oo7ite Clee i 53. A 2.0 m string is stretched with a tension of 5.0 N. If the speed of the wave produced in the string is 7.0 m/s, what is the mass of the string? = = qi = a 7 f= = a e Pt 0.204 Kp 54. A string has a mass of 0.25 kg and a length of 4.0 m. What is the speed of the wave produced in the string f there is a tension of 6.7 N? ve (@ > Cass% > a 55. AWave with a frequency of 50 Hz and a wavelength of 1.5 i is produced in a string. What is the tension in the string if the linear density of the string is 0.8 kg/m? VEOYAT, Saeed : Ve Ws % Gales 00) 56. What is the length of a string that has a mass of 50.0 g and produces a wave speed of 45 m/s when there is a force of 80.0 N applied to it? 4g: | 38 0s. L4 Interference (pg 333 & 362) i 57. What is the principle of superposition? } Bonterterence ig Constrachve, Mf fle Suen Is an : i 5 if pile Satay erterpted Whole 2 destructive if | . < -o a Aterented dong tifade i At which two points is constructive interference oc- . comming? 1_AandB BandD 59. 1¢E).wnen two pulses meetup with each other while moving trough the same medium, they usvally bounce off each other and return to thelr origin. ee 60. }F—constructive interference happens when a crest meets up with another eres in the same - ; medium. : 61,G/F—Destructve merference happens when a pulse wth-an amplitude of +6 units meets a i pulse with an amplitude of -6 units, 62, 1(G)-vestructve interference occurs when a trough meets up with another trough, i 63, 14) Two sound waves cannot interfere and completely cancel eachother out to produce silence, 464, Sketch the resultant during interference: DURING INTERFERENCE | TACT | 7 tt RAL ‘Sound Basics (pg 347) 65.(1)F—Sound waves are longitudinal. 6. 1{F-3As someone speaks, the listener hears the voice because particles of air move from the mouth of the speaker to the ear of the listener. PFSound waves are mechanical waves. 67 sou waves do not have crests and troughs. buy are Call Cinpretins anh (arebeactton s Hee aes ese eecgiees ase jeetagn)AChGK = BaF HT 69. Which letters represent compressions? Rarefractions? A BC DEFGHIJK 4 70. In Star Wars, when a ship out in space is shot and blows up, the crew hears the explosion. Why is this incorrect? Wo tlm yr Gace > 20 Fil beial waves a wavelength of -[,(2_em. 71. The tuning fork below creates a sound wave te O79. AB. 72. Pitch of a sound wave is another term for what variable? ae Gey 73. High pitch sounds have relatively large ‘and small. 7 a. Period, wavelength 4d. Speed, period CE AFrequency, wavelength -e._ Period, frequeicy ; © Amplitude, wavelength f, Amplitude, speed : 74, As Frequency of a sound wave increases, wavelength, and period z | a Increases, decreases cz_ Increases, increases. : ES b. Decreases, increases CE Decreases, decreases ji 75, The speed of a sound wave depends on__. a. Frequency Wavelength b. Amplitude roperties of the medium 76. fa person yells {instead of whispers), then a. The air molecules will vibrate CE The air molecules will vibrate more frequently ith a greater amplitude b. The sound will move faster 77. if person yells (instead of whispers), then 2. The pitch will be higher Cam sound will be louder b. The speed will be faster 78. What frequency of sounds are audible to humans? What do we call sounds that are above or bplow our audleranee? rap < >< < Zok He S Ultersoaie > a tiason ie. 19. Suggest a possible explanation for why some insects produce a buzzing sound and some do not : - & 1. JA one tside ue Audible oe a MargeSpeed of Sound 80. The speed of sound is generally greatest i-SOLIDS7 LIQUIDS / GASES. Why? 81. When dogs sleep, they usually put their ear on the floor. Why do you think this is so? Is this, related to people putting their ear on railroad tracks in old timey western movies? Sound Frat hebst > Shee E ‘82. Explain why sound travels faster in warm air than cold air. i Naleales at stig Aske, co ballesons | en parler 83. What equaffon relates the speed of sound to air temperature? Ve BBl + OGT 84, Two sounds that differ in frequency are emitted by a single loudspeaker. Which sound will reach your ear first, the low frequency or high frequency sound? Why? Siere cas fag, dhe ti pa 85. The person yells in the 23°C canyon. How long do they wait to hear the ones z { 33/+ 236.6) 2H ee HUE “Et nS 2 Hh Kets “ : Bdeiisec : 86. The Count sees lightning off in the distance on a hot summer night{28°C). He immediately starts 4 i He gets to 7 (ah, ah, Dh Aton fray ie lightning? V2 33! +O.Ore url e rg sabe —— ve 2178 Cd: Hb m > 87, What is the wavelength of a sound made by a 256 Hz tuning fork ii room HH234 (~21°C)? Vir Sarr OR - SA5ilo> 25 i Ve wo % a 4 > of wes BHR 2% (GaDCI-#) od (HYD = tt BWyid- 32t > Pook at 200 (ond: a se aei 89. Challenge: Vat 331 + Gus = 340 % ‘On a cool October afternoon (air temperature = 15°C), you ae sitting in the stands of Game 7 of ‘the World Series. Your seat is 113 m from first base. With the game tied with two outs, the batter hits a ground ball and there isa play at first base. You see the runner's foot hit the base and 0.5 seconds later you hear the bal hit the first baseman’s glove. The umpire signals safe, and the crowd erupts with Boaooao0's". Wes the call correct? Show work to prove your answer. ~ Ved > Be. 340 Lr A300 Lo bime LF sound of ball HE if was HE wf herrner but = Be she F< 033 0 (See barnes & ie = War 78.01 dé > ¢. How many decibels would the nae be if all 8 machines were operating simultaneously? Blo : Se Mh ates” ) txt 2sat xt etme“aut Ba, erate 98. A music fan at a rock concert is standing only 5.00 m away from loudspeakers and finds the sound painful to her ears. A sound level meter gave a reading of 110.d8. ‘a. What is the intensity of this sound? ed b. How far away from the speakers should che stand for the intensity level to be reduced ‘toa more comfortable 100 dB? 2 pet [002 7 oF pete gee a owes ie ops CMOS Site 99. What Is the intensity of a sound ata distance of 16 feet ift was 0.004 W/m? at 4 feet away? ~+ oe oe a @a* 0.004 ee 6 ~ 100. Two people are talking to you at once. One is et (Poythress) at 55 dB. One is loud Uailyn) at 75 dB. How. oa decibels do you hear total? Blbxic* S57 ly 952 ly Sates db* io by (2 s 4 Bua xs Mone R= jue oe 3507 1B 101. ‘Sound produced by a jet engine measured at a distance of 10m is 95.0 dB. = a. Whats the intensity of the sound? = ola Se ie tte * b. Whatis the power? P MOOS MeL era srre tae eer (oe a7 wa 2.00516 = 0) < Pe 39 aF c. Ata distance further away, 65.0 dB is detected. How far from the ‘source is this? a z os ying 2 aoe ra C% 000 obese £2 3hG2xS Farther 102, e te sound that is 3 dB, How many bees at that distance would it take to reach he threshold of pain? Br oy &Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms (pg 365 8369) G 103. What is the Doppler Effect? What equation describes this phenomena? & | A ppaceat ShiPE in Freon fat occurs when a Source % lilenar i Ae moving Celetive te each other : 104. 6) dopptershitts are only observed with sound waves. . 4 105. T{E-AS the source of a sound approaches an observer, the loudness of the sound i increases. This is an example of the Doppler shift? Explain. Ne > Aryuency chenges = Depeler | 106. ‘The police car with its siren on is moving towards Jack and away from Jill Effect 2. Towards which person do the b. Who willhear the highest sound waves travel fases frequency? Sire si Sic 107. As2 sound source moves towards an observer, the pitch appears to bE HIGHER, LOWER. 208. Asa sound source moves away from an observer, the ptch appears tobe HIGHER (COWER.) | E 109. A parked car's alarm is going off and emitting a 1000 Hz sound. You are out for a jog and as you I run towards the car you hear the alarm at 1003 Hz. I a. How fast are you running? Vscure = 343 m/s. i (3 > (2*O) iy 313-9 Aha % Vis > b, What: frequency will you hear after you pass the annoying car and are running away from it? ‘ : P Gas 4158 af) 16f 110. While standing near a railroad crossing, a person hears a distant train horn. According to the S train's engineer, the frequency emitted by the horn is 440Hz. The train is travelling at 20 m/s and the speed of sound is 346m/s. ‘a. What would be the wavelength of the train’s horn if the train were at rest? Sedpatnty saul be 440 He I Blo ~ 440 » os b. What would be the wavelength 1 train’s horn as it approaches a stationary person? i Se. Au+8 340+ 409» | (& =o) #0 He | L's Hot te | 111, Westley and Buttercup are standing at the top ofa hill. All ofa sudden, Buttercup pushes 313% Westley down the hill. Westley shouts “As you wishtI!l!” ata frequency of SOOH?. f Buttercup Vad hears it his voice at 495Hz, how fast is Westley rolling down the hill? Vrouw 39377 i eae CBr) 112. A bat is trying to locate where the wall is ina dark cave. It emits.a high frequency sound wave (30,000 Hz). This wave reflects off.a wall 15m in front of the bat and returas to it in a total of (0.088 sec. What is the temperature of the cave? What is the wavelength of the bat’s signal? = BP 33) + 06T 113. Ona 20°C day with no wind, the frequency heard by a moving person from a 500 Hz statioriary sirenis 5 person hearing the sound is, yo 2 30,000 b. Moving away from the siren ©._ Stationary relative to the siren Veound'* 331 Ole(O) 114. In the previous problem, what is the person’s speed? aes = Bs % - B7sntaaVG 0 | 320 33 — O 7115. A bystander hears a siren vary in frequency from 476 Hz to 404 Hz as a fire truck approaches, passes by, and moves away on a straight street. What is the speed of the truck? Vseund = 343 m/s. See allahal Shut 116. A jet flies overhead at a speed of 400 m/s. The speed of sound at that temperature is 341 m/s. What will you hear shortly after it passes? Boon ee 117. The pictures below show different sound waves being produced. Place numbers beside the pictures that will order them from the slowest speed to the fastest speed of the sound source. Beats (pg 362) 118: What is a beat and what causes it? Frernsas ceentd then Bare is innctireace Lohite, = 2 sods F realy Gul tpn 119. What is the equation to find beat frequency? e VVeect = \f, ee | 120. A violinist and a pianist simultaneously play notes of frequencies 436 Hz and 440 Hz. What beat frequency will be heard? 4] bert hec 121. A violinist tuning her instrument to a piano note of 264 Hz detects three beats per second. The violin could be a. Less than 264 Hz b. Equal to 264 Hz ¢. Greater than 264 Hz 18a Fase pee : 4b 7 a ee at ee G1 CY HBN- BEN = jot wife) Ce Atv (a5 “yo = jegae 1% WV~ fe Ge Oh as Corei i i E ; I i I Resonance (pg 322 & 335) ‘122. What is resonance? hin a system ve driven @ one ok ing nrabnal trepeincies 5 wax deplacmeed beure 123. How can an opera singer break a wine glass using only his/her voice? os 5ing Ba resonant epmemeg oF. he Glas ——~ ro No Prasftened ‘shaking tha’ gfe breaks 124, When soldiers ee across a ites ‘they are told not to march in stride with each other. Wi? Gen tase. tir Soarteps axc@ the reseaente Frequing of the. bebe 125, Resonance in strings: Harmonie # Standing Wave Fatiem awe | tae : ent oa he kG peed 2 3 4 5 5 di i lb Suit126. Resonance in Open-End Tubes (pg pg 357-360): é Farmonic? | __ stinding Wave Pater aoe [Tua «| q [> p ; nbs he Ban ; oe 5 YEE ne ZS a law OY 127. Calculate the frequency of the bx DK | a. 3 harmonic of an open tube whose 1" harmonic is 384 Hz. Fy > Bey He Sys 30) = ‘b. 2* harmonic of an open tube whose 4" harm he WE bs Fe Sade ‘ 3 har f ube wh¢ " pe s eee rmony ‘an open tube wh ey rye Ce fy: 3@): 3 32) | TESA” 128. Aflute is played at the first harmonic of 196 Hz (pitch of G;). The length of the pipe is 89.2 em (huge flute) Find the speed of the resonating wave. (* bie ESE eb ae 2k de 282) = 1.1m129. Resoriance of Closed-End Tube (pg pg 357-360): Harmonie Standing Wave Pater 130. Calculate the frequency of the a. 3" harmonic for a closed end tube whose 1 harmonic is 262 Hz. 3° 3G) SM hafmonic fora closed end tu | S > 3h) 494 i < $y Beetle | 2131. You have a 356 Hz tuning fork and yu hold above 2 25 closed ed | _e sound (fundamental frequency). What i the temperature of the room? = Sblt our 25cm 2 Ey VeGs0) bso s sb: : J0ve~m UIE > E i FF 5 Ve 356% ee 32. A closed end organ pie plays its 3% harmonic at 1100 tz and its 5 harmonic at 1883 He. What is the frequency of the first harmonic? -3 3 (> Moo ck: = 3664 He 133. A talented musician pours different amounts of water into various bottles and blows across ‘them to make sound. One of the bottles has a first harmonic of 349.2 Hz. Vesurs= 345 m/s. What @ is the length of the air column? suse yz) Dy Bn = a tHExtra Wave Practice 134. Waves transfer ZAGW without transfering mater: 135. A single vibratory disturbance that moves from point to point in a medium is a 136. A transverse wave moves from left to right through a medium. Which diagram represents the motion of the particles of that medium? “OGD 2— » — 137. What is the wavelenght? RAR a> 138, Find the amplitude and wavelength. If a crest XY every 0.4 sec, find the frequency, period, and speed. 2 gan b-——25m——{ wan == 2 dare 2s Cr 139. 8 1 : t ae Ta ce e . + : a. The amplitude of the wave is from Ht to b, How many wavelenghts are shown? |. 7 c._ Ifthe period of the wave is 2 seconds, its frequency is_ (2.5 He t [ 140. Which pair of moving pulses will produce destructive interference? Ne= Det ® Dae Mey 2 SS TE ee ee pe