MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila

CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City

Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-9967 (Cebu)

Review Module–Statistics and Probability (Part 2)

9.05 Binomial Distribution

b) What is the probability that you purchase at most
1. In testing a certain kind of bolt, it is found that 20% of bolts four boxes?
fails to pass the standard specification. On the next 15 bolts
tested. Determine the following. 2. An oil drilling company ventures into various locations,
a) Probability that exactly 5 bolts will pass the test. and its success or failure is independent from one location to
b) Probability that exactly 3 to 5 bolts will pass the test. another. Suppose the probability of a success at any specific
c) Probability that at least one bolt will pass the test. location is 0.25. The drilling company feels that it will “hit it
d) Probability that at most will pass the test. big” if the second success occurs on or before the sixth
attempt. What is the probability that the driller will hit it big?
May 2017 CE Board

2. In November 1994, Intel announced that a “subtle flaw” in 9.07 Geometric Distribution
its Pentium chip would affect 1 in 9 billion division problems.
Suppose a computer perform 20 million divisions (a not In a Bernoulli sequence, the number of trials until a specified
reasonable number) in the course of a particular program. event occurs for the first time is governed by the geometric
What is the probability of no error? Of at one error? distribution.

I. 0.00000000111, 0.00222 1. At a “busy time,” a telephone exchange is very near

capacity, so callers have difficulty placing their calls. It may
II. 0.9978, 0.00222
be of interest to know the number of attempts necessary in
III. 0.99999999989, 0.00000000111
order to make a connection. Suppose that we let p = 0.05 be
IV. 0.000000000111, 0.99999999989 the probability of a connection during a busy time. We are
interested in knowing the probability that 5 attempts are
3. A box contains 3 red marbles and 2 white marbles and 5
necessary for a successful call.
green marbles. A marble is drawn and replaced three times
from the box. Find the probability that
2.It is known that 3% of people whose luggage is screened
a) 1 red marble was drawn,
at an airport have questionable objects in their luggage.
b) 2 red marbles were drawn,
What is the probability that a string of 15 people pass through
c) at least one red marble was drawn.
screening successfully before an individual is caught with a
questionable object?
4. The probability of a man hitting a target is 1/3. How many
times must he fire so that the probability of hitting the target
3.The acceptance scheme for purchasing lots containing a
at least once is more than 90%.
large number of batteries is to test no more than 75 randomly
selected batteries and to reject a lot if a single battery fails.
9.06 Negative Binomial Distribution Suppose the probability of a failure is 0.001.
The number X of trials required to produce k successes in a
Bernoulli Sequence is called a negative binomial random a) What is the probability that a lot is rejected on the
variable, and its probability distribution is called the 20th test?
negative binomial distribution. b) What is the probability that it is rejected in 10 or
fewer trials?
1. Determine the probability of obtaining 5th head on 7th toss
of a fair coin.
9.08 Multinomial Distribution
2. A couple decides to continue to have children until they
have two males. Assuming that P(male) = 0.5, what is the 1.The probabilities are 0.4, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.1, respectively,
probability that their second male is their fourth child? that a delegate to a certain convention arrived
by air, bus, automobile, or train. What is the
3. The probability that a randomly selected box of a certain probability that among 9 delegates randomly selected
type of cereal has a particular prize is 0.2. Suppose you at this convention, 3 arrived by air, 3 arrived by bus,
purchase box after box until you have obtained two of 1 arrived by automobile, and 2 arrived by train?
these prizes.
a) What is the probability that you purchase four 2.A box contains 5 red, 3 white and 2 blue marbles. A sample
boxes? of six marbles is drawn with replacement, i.e. each marble is
replaced before the next one is drawn. Find the probability
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-9967 (Cebu)

that: (i) 3 are red, 2 are white and 1 is blue; (ii) 2 of each color 4. A coin is tossed 400 times. Use the normal curve
appears. approximation to find the probability of obtaining
(a) between 185 and 210 heads inclusive;
9.09 Hypergeometric Distribution (b) exactly 205 heads;
(c) fewer than 176 or more than 227 heads.
1. A box contains 3 red marbles and 2 white marbles and 5
green marbles. Three marbles are drawn. Find the 9.11 Poisson Distribution
probability that
a) 1 red marble was drawn. 1. A local drugstore owner knows that, on average, 100
b) 2 red marbles were drawn. people enter his store each hour.
c) at least one red marble was drawn. (a) Find the probability that in a given 3-minute period
Exactly three enters the store.
2. A foreign student club lists as its members 2 (b) Find the probability that in a given 3-minute period
Canadians, 3 Japanese, 5 Italians, and 2 Germans. If more than 5 people enter the store.
a committee of 4 is selected at random, find the probability
that 2. Potholes on a highway can be a serious problem, and are
(a) all nationalities are represented. in constant need of repair. With a particular type of terrain
(b) all nationalities except Italian are represented and make of concrete, past experience suggests that there
are, on the average, 2 potholes per mile after a certain
3. A company is interested in evaluating its current amount of usage.
inspection procedure for shipments of 50 identical items. The (a) What is the probability that no more than one pothole
procedure is to take a sample of 5 and pass the shipment if will appear in a section of 1 mile?
no more than 2 are found to be defective. What is the (b) What is the probability that no more than 4 potholes
probability of shipments with 20% defectives will be will occur in a given section of 5 miles?
accepted?
3. For a certain type of copper wire, it is known
Relationship of Hypergeometric and Binomial that, on the average, 1.5 flaws occur per millimeter.
distribution Assuming that the number of flaws is a Poisson random
variable, what is the probability that no flaws occur in
4. A manufacturer of automobile tires reports that among a a certain portion of wire of length 5 millimeters?
shipment of 5000 sent to a local distributor, 1000 are slightly
blemished. If one purchases 10 of these tires at random from 4. The exterior of a building consists of one hundred 3m x
5m glass panels. Past records indicate that on average one
the distributor, what is the probability that exactly 3 are
flaw is found in every 50 sq.m of this type of glass panels;
blemished? also a panel containing two or more flaws will eventually
cause breakage problems and have to be replaced. The
9.10 Normal Distribution occurrence of flaws may be assumed to be a Poisson
process. What is the probability that a given panel will be
1. Suppose the diameters of bolts manufactured by a replaced?
company are normally distributed with mean of 0.25 inches
and standard deviation 0.02 inches. A bolt is considered Relationship of Poisson and Binomial Distribution
defective if its diameter is Greater than or equal to 0.20
inches or less than or equal to 0.28 inches. Find the 5. If the probability that an individual suffers a bad reaction
percentage of defective bolts manufactured by the company from serum is 0.001, determine the probability that out of
2000 individuals exactly 3 will suffer from bad reaction.
2. Suppose the scores on an examination are normally
distributed with mean 76 and standard deviation 15. The top
15% of the students receive A’s and the bottom 10% receive
F’s. Find (i) the minimum score to receive an A and (ii) the
minimum score to pass (not receive an F).

3. A fair coin is tossed 10 times, show the probability

distribution of number of heads.