9  Product Documentation

Likewise Open 5.0

Likewise Open 5.0 Installation

And Administration Guide
IN THIS DOCUMENT
Abstract
• Downloading Likewise Open.
Likewise Open joins Linux, Unix, and Mac OS X computers to Microsoft
• Installing Likewise Open.
Active Directory so that you can centrally manage all your computers,
• Joining a Linux computer to an
Active Directory domain.
authenticate users, and authorize access to resources. This guide
describes how to install and administer Likewise Open, an open source
• Joining a Mac OS X computer
to a domain. version of Likewise Enterprise that includes the Likewise agent. The guide
• Joining a Unix computer to a
covers installing the agent, joining an Active Directory domain, logging on
domain. with Active Directory credentials, and troubleshooting the agent.
• Logging on with Active
Directory credentials. This guide is supplemented by the Likewise Open community mailing list,
• Managing and troubleshooting
which you can join at http://www.likewisesoftware.com/community/ and use
the agent. to discuss and troubleshoot Likewise Open with other users and
developers.

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Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

Table of Contents
QUICK START FOR LINUX...........................................................6
Install the Agent on Linux with the BitRock GUI .............................................6
Join Linux to Active Directory with the Command Line .................................7
Before Joining a Domain...................................................................................7
Join a Linux Computer to Active Directory........................................................7
Log On with AD Credentials ..............................................................................8

THE LIKEWISE AGENT ................................................................9

About the Likewise Agent ..................................................................................9
Caches ............................................................................................................11
Time Synchronization .....................................................................................11
Troubleshooting Kerberos...............................................................................12
Using a Network Time Protocol Server...........................................................13
Automatic Detection of Offline Domain Controller and Global Catalog ..........13
UID-GID Generation .......................................................................................13
Upgrade to the Latest Agent............................................................................13

INSTALLING THE AGENT ..........................................................14

Checking Your glibc Version...........................................................................14
Requirements ....................................................................................................14
Administrator Privileges ..................................................................................15
Active Directory Requirements .......................................................................15
Unix and Linux Requirements for the Agent ...................................................15
Overview of the Installation Process ..............................................................15
Checking System Health Before Installation .................................................15
Download Likewise Open.................................................................................18
Install the Agent on Linux with the BitRock GUI ...........................................18
Install the Domain Join GUI .............................................................................19
Install the Agent on Linux with glibc 2.2 or Earlier .......................................20
Install the Agent on glibc 2.2 or Earlier ...........................................................21
Install the Agent on Linux in Unattended or Text Mode ...............................22
Install the Agent on Unix with the Command Line ........................................22
Install the Agent on a Mac Computer .............................................................23
Install the Agent on a Mac in Unattended Mode ............................................24

JOINING ACTIVE DIRECTORY ..................................................26

Configure nsswitch.conf..................................................................................26
Configure resolv.conf ......................................................................................26
Removing a Computer from a Domain ...........................................................27
Join Active Directory with the Command Line ..............................................27
Before Joining a Domain.................................................................................27

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Join a Linux or Unix Computer to Active Directory .........................................28

Join a Mac Computer to Active Directory .......................................................28
Join a Linux or Unix Computer to an Organizational Unit...............................28
Options and Basic Commands........................................................................29
Options............................................................................................................29
Basic Commands............................................................................................29
Advanced Commands ......................................................................................31
Preview the Stages of the Domain Join for Your Computer ...........................32
Check Required Configurations ......................................................................32
View Details about a Module ..........................................................................33
Turn On or Turn Off Domain Join Modules.....................................................35
Join Active Directory Without Changing /etc/hosts ......................................36
If the Computer Fails to Join the Domain .......................................................36
Join a Linux Computer to Active Directory with the GUI..............................37
Use Likewise with a Single OU ........................................................................39
Join a Linux Computer to an Organizational Unit ...........................................39
Join a Mac Computer to Active Directory with the GUI ................................40

LOGGING ON WITH AD CREDENTIALS ...................................43

Logon Options...................................................................................................43
Solve Logon Problems .....................................................................................44
Make Sure You Are Joined to the Domain .....................................................44
Check Whether You Are Using a Valid Logon Form ......................................44
Clear the Cache ..............................................................................................44
Check the Status of the Likewise Authentication Daemon .............................44
Check Communication between the Likewise Daemon and AD ....................45
Verify that Likewise Can Find a User in AD....................................................45
Switch User to Check PAM.............................................................................46
Test SSH.........................................................................................................47

TROUBLESHOOTING DOMAIN JOIN PROBLEMS ...................48

Top 10 Reasons Domain Join Fails ................................................................48
Generate a Domain-Join Log ...........................................................................49
Solve Domain-Join Problems ..........................................................................49
Verify that the Name Server Can Find the Domain ........................................49
Make Sure the Client Can Reach the Domain Controller ...............................50
Verify that Outbound Ports Are Open .............................................................50
Check DNS Connectivity.................................................................................50
Make Sure nsswitch.conf Is Configured to Check DNS for Host Names .......50
Ensure that DNS Queries Are Not Using the Wrong Network Interface Card 50
Determine Whether the DNS Server Is Configured to Return SRV Records .51
Make Sure that the Global Catalog Is Accessible...........................................51
Verify that the Client Can Connect to the Domain on Port 123 ......................51
Files Modified During a Domain Join..............................................................52

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MANAGING JOINED COMPUTERS ...........................................54

Set the Home Directory and Shell for Domain Users....................................54
Change the Replacement Character for Spaces ...........................................55
Rename a Joined Computer ............................................................................55
Rename a Computer by Using the Command-Line Tool................................56
Rename a Computer by Using the Domain Join Tool ....................................57

TROUBLESHOOTING THE AGENT ...........................................60

Check the Status of the Authentication Daemon ..........................................60
On Linux and Unix ..........................................................................................60
On Mac OS X ..................................................................................................60
Check the Version and Build Number ............................................................60
Clear the Authentication Cache ......................................................................61
Clear the Cache on a Linux Computer ...........................................................62
Clear the Cache on a Mac ..............................................................................62
Determine a Computer's FQDN .......................................................................63
On HP-UX .......................................................................................................63
On Solaris .......................................................................................................63
Diagnose NTP on Port 123 ...............................................................................63
Output When There Is No NTP Service..........................................................64
Find a User or a Group .....................................................................................65
Find a User by Name ......................................................................................65
Find a User by UID .........................................................................................66
Find a Group by Name ..................................................................................66
Find the Likewise Daemons on a Mac ............................................................66
Fix the Shell and Home Directory Paths.........................................................67
Generate a Domain-Join Log ...........................................................................67
Generate a Network Trace................................................................................68
Generate a PAM Debug Log.............................................................................68
Generate an Authentication Agent Debug Log..............................................69
Increase Max Username Length on AIX .........................................................70
Make Sure Outbound Ports Are Open ............................................................71
Resolve an AD Alias Conflict with a Local Account .....................................71
Change Ownership .........................................................................................72
Restart the Authentication Daemon................................................................72
On Linux and Unix ..........................................................................................72
On HP-UX .......................................................................................................73
On Mac OS X ..................................................................................................73
View Kerberos Tickets......................................................................................73

LEAVING A DOMAIN AND UNINSTALLING THE AGENT ........75

Leave a Domain.................................................................................................75
The Computer Account in Active Directory.....................................................75
Remove a Linux or Unix Computer from a Domain ........................................76
Remove a Mac from a Domain .......................................................................76

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Remove a Mac with the Command Line.........................................................76

Uninstall the Domain Join GUI ........................................................................76
Uninstall the Agent on a Linux or Unix Computer.........................................77
Uninstall BitRock Installations on Linux or Unix..............................................77
Uninstall Likewise with the Shell Script on Linux or Unix ...............................77
Uninstall the Agent on a Mac...........................................................................77

PLATFORM SUPPORT ...............................................................79

ABOUT LIKEWISE ENTERPRISE ..............................................83

Software Components ....................................................................................83

GET TECHNICAL SUPPORT ......................................................85

Copyright © 2008 Likewise Software. All rights reserved. 08.01.2008.

Product Documentation  

Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

Quick Start for Linux

This chapter covers the basics of installing Likewise Open on a Linux
computer, joining it to an Active Directory domain, and logging on with
your Active Directory credentials. For more information, see the other
chapters in this manual.

Install the Agent on Linux with the BitRock GUI

For most Linux platforms, you can install the Likewise Open agent or the
Likewise Enterprise agent by using a BitRock installer — an executable
whose file name ends with installer. Example: LikewiseOpen-
4.1.0.2921-linux-i386-rpm-installer.

The following procedure assumes that you downloaded or copied the

Likewise installer to the desktop of your Linux computer.

1. As root, on the desktop, right-click the installer, click Properties,

click the Permissions tab, select Execute for Owner, and then click
Close:

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Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

Tip: You can also make the installer executable from the command
line with chmod a+x.

2. Double-click the installer to run it, and then follow the instructions in
the installation wizard.

Join Linux to Active Directory with the Command Line

On Linux, the location of the domain join command-line utility is as

follows:

/opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli

Important: To run the command-line utility, you must use a root

account. To join a computer to a domain, you must have the user name
and password of an Active Directory account that has privileges to join
computers to the domain and the full name of the domain that you want
to join.

Before Joining a Domain

To join a domain, the computer's name server must be able to find the
domain and the computer must be able to reach the domain controller.
You can make sure the name server can find the domain by running this
command:

nslookup domainName

You can verify that your computer can reach the domain controller by
pinging it:

ping domainName

If either of these tests fails, see Check System Health Before Installing
the Agent and Solve Domain-Join Problems.

Join a Linux Computer to Active Directory

• Execute the following command as root, replacing domainName with
the FQDN of the domain that you want to join and joinAccount with
the user name of an account that has privileges to join computers to
the domain:

/opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli join domainName

joinAccount

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Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

Example: /opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli join

likewisedemo.com Administrator

Log On with AD Credentials

After the Likewise agent has been installed and the Linux or Unix
computer has been joined to a domain, you can log on interactively by
using your Active Directory credentials. For example, you can log on by
using the form DOMAIN\userame.

1. On a Linux computer, log out of the current session.

2. Log on the system console by using an Active Directory user

account in the form of DOMAIN\username, where DOMAIN is the
Active Directory short name.

Note: When you log on from the command line, you must use a slash to
escape the slash character, making the logon form
DOMAIN\\username.

Example with ssh: ssh likewisedemo.com\\hoenstiv@localhost

Copyright © 2008 Likewise Software. All rights reserved. 08.01.2008.

Product Documentation  

Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

The Likewise Agent

Likewise Open is an agent that runs on Linux, Unix, and Mac OS X
computers so that you can join them to Microsoft Active Directory and
authenticate users with their Active Directory credentials.

This guide describes how to install Likewise Open, join computers

running Linux, Unix, or Mac OS X to Microsoft Active Directory, and
manage the Likewise Open Agent.

Likewise Open is free to download and use according to the terms of its
license. To download Likewise Open or obtain the source code, go to
http://www.likewisesoftware.com/products/likewise_open/.

The target audience for this document is network directory administrators

who manage access to workstations, servers, and other network
resources within Active Directory. The guide assumes that you know how
to administer Active Directory as well as computers running Linux, Unix,
and Mac OS X.

About the Likewise Agent

The Likewise agent integrates with the core operating system on Linux,
Unix, and Mac OS X computers to implement the mapping for any
application, such as the logon process (/bin/login), that uses the
name service (NSS) or pluggable authentication module (PAM).

The agent acts as a Kerberos 5 client for authentication and as a LDAP

client for authorization. In Likewise Enterprise, the agent also retrieves
and enforces group policy objects to securely update local
configurations, such as the sudo file.

The Likewise agent comprises the following daemons:

Daemon Description

/opt/likewise/sbin/lsassd The Likewise authentication

daemon. It handles
authentication, authorization,
caching, and idmap lookups.

/opt/likewise/sbin/netlogond Detects the optimal domain

controller and global catalog

Copyright © 2008 Likewise Software. All rights reserved. 08.01.2008.

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Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

and caches the data.

/opt/likewise/sbin/npcmuxd Named pipe multiplexer.

/opt/likewise/sbin/dcerpcd The DCE/RPC daemon.

DCE/RPC stands for
Distributed Computing
Environment/Remote
Procedure Calls. The
daemon handles
communication between
Linux, Unix, Mac computers
and Active Directory.

/opt/likewise/sbin/gpagentd The group policy agent. Part

of Likewise Enterprise, it
runs as a background
service to pull group policy
objects from Active Directory
and apply them to the
computer.

The agent includes a number of libraries in /opt/likewise/lib.

The agent uses the following ports for outbound traffic. The agent is a
client only; it does not listen on any ports.

Port Protocol Use

53 UDP/TCP DNS

88 UDP/TCP Kerberos

123 UDP NTP

137 UDP NetBIOS Name

Service

139 TCP NetBIOS Session

(SMB)

389 UDP/TCP LDAP

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Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

445 TCP SMB over TCP

464 UDP/TCP Machine password

changes (typically
after 30 days)

3268 TCP Global Catalog

search

   

Caches
To maintain the current state and to improve performance, the Likewise
agent caches information in four files, all of which are in
/var/lib/likewise/db:

Cache File Description

lsass-adcache.db Cache managed by the Active

Directory authentication provider.

lsass-local.db Repository managed by the local

authentication provider.

netlogon-cache.db Domain controller affinity cache,

managed by netlogond

pstore.db Repository storing the join state

and machine password

Time Synchronization
For the Likewise agent to communicate over Kerberos with the domain
controller, the clock of the client must be within the domain controller's
maximum clock skew, which is 300 seconds, or 5 minutes, by default.
(For more information, see http://web.mit.edu/kerberos/krb5-1.4/krb5-
1.4.2/doc/krb5-admin/Clock-Skew.html.)

The clock skew tolerance is a server-side setting. When a client

communicates with a domain controller, it is the domain controller's
Kerberos Key Distribution Center that determines the maximum clock
skew. Changing the maximum clock skew in the client's krb5.conf file

Copyright © 2008 Likewise Software. All rights reserved. 08.01.2008.

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Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

does not affect the clock skew tolerance of the domain controller and will
not unable a client outside the domain controller's tolerance to
communicate with it.

The clock skew value that is set in the /etc/likewise/krb5.conf

file of Linux, Unix, and Mac OS X computers is useful only when the
computer is functioning as a server for other clients. In such cases, you
can use a Likewise Enterprise group policy to change the maximum
tolerance; for more information, see Set the Maximum Tolerance for
Kerberos Clock Skew.

The domain controller uses the clock skew tolerance to prevent replay
attacks by keeping track of every authentication request within the
maximum clock skew. Authentication requests outside the maximum
clock skew are discarded. When the server receives an authentication
request within the clock skew, it checks the replay cache to make sure
the request is not a replay attack. For more information, see the
resources below.

Troubleshooting Kerberos
The following resources can help troubleshoot time synchronization and
other Kerberos issues:

• Kerberos Authentication Tools and Settings:

http://technet2.microsoft.com/windowsserver/en/library/b36b8071-
3cc5-46fa-be13-280aa43f2fd21033.mspx
• Authentication Errors Caused by Unsynchronized Clocks:
http://technet2.microsoft.com/windowsserver/en/library/6ee8470e-
a0e8-40b2-a84f-dbec6bcbd8621033.mspx
• Kerberos Technical Supplement for Windows:
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa480609.aspx
• The Kerberos Network Authentication Service (V5) RFC:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4120.txt
• Troubleshooting Kerberos Errors:
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/windowsserver2003/tec
hnologies/security/tkerberr.mspx
• Kerberos and LDAP Troubleshooting Tips:
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/solutionaccelerators/cits/interopmigr
ation/unix/usecdirw/17wsdsu.mspx

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Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

Using a Network Time Protocol Server

If you set the system time on your computer with a Network Time
Protocol (NTP) server, the time value of the NTP server and the time
value of the domain controller could exceed the maximum skew. As a
result, you will be unable to log on your computer.

If you use an NTP server with a cron job, there will be two processes
trying to synchronize the computer's time -- causing a conflict that will
change the computer's clock back and forth between the time of the two
sources.

Likewise recommends that you configure your domain controller to get its
time from the NTP server and configure the domain controller's clients to
get their time from the domain controller.

Automatic Detection of Offline Domain Controller and Global Catalog

The Likewise authentication daemon -- lsassd -- manages site affinity
for domain controllers and global catalogs and caches the information
with netlogond. When a computer is joined to Active Directory,
netlogond detects the optimum domain controller to use and caches
the information. If the primary domain controller goes down, lassd
automatically detects the failure and switches to another domain
controller and another global catalog within a minute.

However, if another global catalog is unavailable within the forest, the

Likewise agent will be unable to find the Unix and Linux information of
users and groups. The Likewise agent must have access to the global
catalog to function. Therefore, it is a recommended that each forest has
redundant domain controllers and redundant global catalogs.

UID-GID Generation
In Likewise Open, UIDs and GIDs are generated by hashing the security
identifier, or SID, from Active Directory. With Likewise Open, you do not
need to make any changes to Active Directory. A user's UID and GID
stay the same across host machines. Likewise caches credentials so
users can logon when the computer is disconnected from the network or
Active Directory is unavailable.

Upgrade to the Latest Agent

Before you upgrade to the latest version of the Likewise agent, it is

recommended that you leave the domain, uninstall the domain join GUI,
and uninstall the current agent.

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Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

Installing the Agent

You must install the Likewise agent on each Linux, Unix, or Mac OS X
computer that you want to join to Active Directory. To obtain the installer
or to view a list of supported platforms, see www.likewisesoftware.com.

The procedure for installing the Likewise Open agent or the Likewise
Enterprise agent depends on the operating system of your target
computer. Each procedure is documented in a separate section of this
manual.

Operating System Procedure by Title

Linux platforms running glibc Install the Agent on Linux with

2.3 or later the BitRock GUI

Linux platforms running glibc Install the Agent on Linux with

2.2 or earlier glibc 2.2 or Earlier

Unix: Sun Solaris, HP-UX, IBM Install the Agent on Unix with
AIX the Command Line

Mac OS X 10.4 or later Install the Agent on a Mac

Computer

You also have the option of installing the agent in unattended mode; see
Install the Agent on Linux in Unattended or Text Mode and Install the
Agent on a Mac in Unattended Mode.

Checking Your glibc Version

To determine the version of glibc on your Linux machine, run the
following command:

rpm -q glibc

Requirements

This section lists the requirements to use Likewise. You must have at
least the following components:

1. An Active Directory domain controller

2. One or more Unix, Linux, or Mac OS X computers

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Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

Administrator Privileges
• Root access or sudo permission on the Unix, Linux, and Mac OS X
computers that you want to join to the domain.

• Active Directory credentials that allow you to add computers to an

Active Directory domain -- for example, membership in the Domain
Administrators security group or the Enterprise Administrators security
group.

Active Directory Requirements

• Windows 2003 SP1 or R2 Standard and Enterprise

• Windows 2000 SP4 Server

Unix and Linux Requirements for the Agent

• An operating system that Likewise supports, such as versions of Mac
OS X, Red Hat, SUSE Linux, Fedora, CentOS, Debian, Solaris, AIX,
HP-UX, and Ubuntu. For a complete list of supported platforms, see
the list of supported platforms at www.likewisesoftware.com.

Overview of the Installation Process

The installation and deployment process typically proceeds in the

following order:

1. Make sure your computers meet the installation requirements and

then download the Likewise software package from
www.LikewiseSoftware.com.

2. Check the system health of your Linux, Unix, and Mac computers as
well as Active Directory before installation.

3. Install the Likewise agent on each Unix, Linux, or Mac OS X

computer that you want to join to the Active Directory domain.

4. Join Unix and Linux computers to the Active Directory domain.

5. Troubleshoot any deployment issues and optimize the deployment

for your unique mixed network.

Checking System Health Before Installation

The following table lists items each item to check, describes the item,
and suggests corrective action.

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Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

Item to Check Corrective Action

Type of operating system Install the agent on a computer that is running a supported operating
system.

Processor type Install the agent on a computer with a supported processor.

Disk usage Increase the amount of disk space available to /opt or /usr.

Contents of /etc/*release (for Install the agent on a computer that is running a supported operating
AIX, to determine the oslevel) system and version.

Network interface and its status Configure the computer so that it has network access and can
communicate with the domain controller.

Contents of the IP routing table If the computer does not use a single default gateway, you must
define a route to a single default gateway.

For example, you can run the route -n to view the IP routing table
and set a static route. For more information, see the man pages for
your system.

On Solaris, you may need to create or edit /etc/defaultrouter.

On Linux, you can set the default gateway by running the network
utility for your distribution.

Connectivity to the default Configure the computer and the network so that the computer can
gateway connect to the default gateway.

Contents of nsswitch.conf (or, The nsswitch.conf file must contain the following line:
for AIX, netsvc.conf)
hosts: files dns

Computers running Solaris, in particular, may not contain this line in

nsswitch.conf.

FQDN Make sure the computer's FQDN is correct in /etc/hosts.

You can determine the fully qualified domain name of a computer

running Linux, Unix, or Mac OS X by executing the following
command:

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Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

Item to Check Corrective Action

ping -c 1 `hostname`

On HP-UX:
ping `hostname` -n 1

On Solaris:
FQDN=`/usr/lib/mail/sh/check-hostname|cut -d" " -
f7`;echo $FQDN

This command prompts the computer to look up the primary host

entry for its hostname. In most cases, it looks for its hostname in
/etc/hosts, returning the first FQDN name on the same line. So,
for the hostname qaserver, here's an example of a correct entry in
/etc/hosts:

10.100.10.10 qaserver.corpqa.likewise.com qaserver

If, however, the entry in /etc/hosts incorrectly lists the hostname

(or anything else) before the FQDN, the computer's FQDN becomes,
using the malformed example below, qaserver:

10.100.10.10 qaserver qaserver.corpqa.likewise.com

If the host entry cannot be found in /etc/hosts, the computer looks

for the results in DNS instead. This means that the computer must
have a correct A record in DNS. If the DNS information is wrong and
you cannot correct it, add an entry to /etc/hosts.

IP address of local NIC Either update DNS or change the local IP address so that the IP
address of the local network card matches the IP address returned by
DNS for the computer.

Contents of resolv.conf Compare against the results of the items checked next.

DNS query results for system Either update DNS or change the local IP address so that the IP
(hostname and IP) address of the local network card matches the IP address returned by
DNS for the computer.

DNS name resolution and Correct resolv.conf so that the nameserver points to a DNS
connectivity to specified domain server that can resolve the Active Directory domain name -- typically

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Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

Item to Check Corrective Action

controller the domain controller running DNS.

SRV records from DNS Correct resolv.conf so that the nameserver points to a DNS
server that can resolve the SRV records.

Location and version information Likewise requires the following utilities: ssh and openssl.
for sudo, openssl, bash, rpm, and
ssh The other utilities are optional but may be useful.

Selected firewall settings Reconfigure the firewall to allow the computer to access the domain
(Kerberos, NetBIOS, and LDAP) controller.

DHCP Set the computer to a static IP address or configure DHCP so that it

does not update such files as /etc/resolv.conf and
/etc/hosts.

ISA type Use the installer for your ISA type.

Read-only filespaces Make sure that /usr or /opt are writable.

AIX TL levels Not all TL levels are supported. For AIX, check with Likewise support
to make sure that Likewise is compatible with the TL level you are
using.

Download Likewise Open

You can freely download the Likewise Open installation package at

http://www.likewisesoftware.com/products/likewise_open/.

Install the Agent on Linux with the BitRock GUI

For most Linux platforms, you can install the Likewise Open agent or the
Likewise Enterprise agent by using a BitRock installer — an executable
whose file name ends with installer. Example: LikewiseOpen-
4.1.0.2921-linux-i386-rpm-installer.

The following procedure assumes that you downloaded or copied the

Likewise installer to the desktop of your Linux computer.

Copyright © 2008 Likewise Software. All rights reserved. 08.01.2008.

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Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

3. As root, on the desktop, right-click the installer, click Properties,

click the Permissions tab, select Execute for Owner, and then click
Close:

Tip: You can also make the installer executable from the command
line with chmod a+x.

4. Double-click the installer to run it, and then follow the instructions in
the installation wizard.

Install the Domain Join GUI

You can install the optional graphical user interface version of the
Likewise domain join tool on a Linux computer after you have installed
the Likewise agent. The domain join tool can be installed on Linux
platforms that are running GTK+ version 2.6 or later.

Note: You do not need to install the domain join GUI to join a domain; for
more information, see Join Active Directory with the Command Line.

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Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

1. Obtain the BitRock installer for the domain join tool for your platform
from Likewise Software at http://www.LikewiseSoftware.com.

2. Copy the installer to the desktop of the target Linux computer.

3. As root, on the desktop, right-click the icon for the installer, click
Properties, and then click the Permissions tab.

4. Change the owner's permissions to Read and Execute, and then

click Close:

5. On the desktop, double-click the icon of the installer to run it, and
then follow the instructions in the installation wizard.

Install the Agent on Linux with glibc 2.2 or Earlier

Linux platforms running glibc 2.2 or earlier require you to use the
oldlibc installer -- a shell script that includes oldlibc in its name;
example: LikewiseIdentityServiceOpen-5.0.0.3494-linux-
oldlibc-i386-rpm.sh.

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To check the version of glibc on your Linux computer, execute the

following query:

rpm -q glibc

The following platforms are running glibc 2.2 or earlier and thus require
the oldlibc installer:

• Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 2.1

• Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES 2.1

• Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS 2.1

• Red Hat Linux 7.2

• Red Hat Linux 7.3

• Red Hat Linux 8

• Red Hat Linux 9

• SUSE 8.2

Install the Agent on glibc 2.2 or Earlier

Perform the following procedure with the root account.

1. Download or copy the oldlibc installer to the Linux computer's

desktop.

Important: If you FTP the file to the desktop of the target Linux
computer, you must select binary, or BIN, for the transfer. Most FTP
clients default to AUTO or ASCII, but the installer includes some
binary code that will become corrupted in AUTO or ASCII mode.

2. Change directories to the desktop.

3. As root, change the mode of the installer to executable:

chmod a+x LikewiseIdentityServiceOpen-5.0.0.3494-

linux-oldlibc-i386-rpm.sh

Tip: To view information about the installer or to view a list of

command-line options, run the following command:

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./LikewiseIdentityServiceOpen-5.0.0.3494-linux-
oldlibc-i386-rpm.sh --help

4. As root, run the installer:

./LikewiseIdentityServiceOpen-5.0.0.3494-linux-
oldlibc-i386-rpm.sh

5. Follow the instructions in the installer.

Install the Agent on Linux in Unattended or Text Mode

When you use the BitRock installer, command-line tools can help deploy
the Likewise agent to multiple computers or install the agent remotely.

You can use the command-line tools to automatically install the agent,
join the computer to a domain, and obtain credentials. For example, you
can automate the installation of the agent by using the installation
command in unattended mode:

LikewiseEnterprise-4.1.0.2513-linux-x86_64-rpm-
installer --mode unattended

For Unix and Linux hosts, you can run the installer from the shell prompt
with no special treatment. The installer detects that it is running in
character mode and displays a character mode user interface, or you
can force it into character mode with the option --mode text:

LikewiseEnterprise-4.1.0.2513-linux-x86_64-rpm-
installer --mode text

Install the Agent on Unix with the Command Line

You can install the Likewise Open agent or the Likewise Enterprise agent
on Sun Solaris, HP-UX, and IBM AIX by using a BitRock installer — an
executable whose file name ends with installer. Example:
LikewiseIdentityServiceEnterprise-5.0.0.3499-solaris-
sparc-pkg-installer.

The examples shown are for Solaris Sparc systems. For other Unix
platforms, simply substitute the appropriate installer. The installer's name

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includes the product name, version and build numbers, operating

system, computer type, and platform type.

Perform the following procedure with the root account.

1. Download or copy the installer to the Unix computer's desktop.

2. Change directories to the desktop.

3. As root, change the mode of the installer to executable:

chmod a+x LikewiseIdentityServiceEnterprise-

5.0.0.3499-solaris-sparc-pkg-installer

Tip: To view a list of command-line options, run the following

command:

./LikewiseIdentityServiceEnterprise-5.0.0.3499-
solaris-sparc-pkg-installer --help

4. As root, run the installer:

./LikewiseIdentityServiceEnterprise-5.0.0.3499-
solaris-sparc-pkg-installer

5. Follow the instructions in the installer.

Install the Agent on a Mac Computer

To install the Likewise agent on a computer running Mac OS X, you must

have administrative privileges on the Mac. Likewise supports Mac OS X
10.4 or later.

1. Obtain the Likewise agent installation package for your Mac from
Likewise Software and place it on your desktop.

Important: On an Intel-based Mac, install the i386 version of the

.dmg package. On a Mac that does not have an Intel chip, install the
powerpc version of the .dmg package.

2. Log on the Mac with a local account.

3. On the Apple menu , click System Preferences.

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4. Under Internet & Network, click Sharing, and then select the
Remote Login check box. Turning on Remote Login lets you
access the Mac with SSH after you install Likewise.

5. On the Mac computer, go to the Desktop and double-click the

Likewise .dmg file.

6. In the Finder window that appears, double-click the Likewise .mpkg

file.

7. Follow the instructions in the installation wizard.

When the wizard finishes installing the package, you are ready to
join the Mac to an Active Directory domain.

Install the Agent on a Mac in Unattended Mode

The Likewise command-line tools can remotely deploy the shell version
of the Likewise agent to multiple Mac OS X computers, and you can
automate the installation of the agent by using the installation command
in unattended mode.

The commands in this procedure require administrative privileges.

Important: For Intel-based Macs, use the i386 version of the .dmg
installer; for example: LikewiseEnterprise-4.1.0.2779-
i386.dmg. For Macs that do not have Intel chips, use the powerpc
version of the .dmg installer; for example: LikewiseEnterprise-
4.1.0.2779-powerpc.dmg

The procedure below assumes you are installing the agent on an i386
Mac; if you are installing on a powerpc, replace the i386 installer with the
powerpc installer.

1. Use SSH to connect to the target Mac OS X computer and then use
SCP to copy the .dmg installation file to the desktop of the Mac or to
a location that can be accessed remotely. The rest of this procedure
assumes that you copied the installation file to the desktop.

2. On the target Mac, open Terminal and then use the hdiutil
mount command to mount the .dmg file under Volumes:

/usr/bin/hdiutil mount Desktop/LikewiseEnterprise-

4.1.0.2779-i386.dmg

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3. Execute the following command to open the .mpkg volume:

/usr/bin/open Volumes/LikewiseEnterprise-
4.1.0.2779-i386

4. Execute the following command to install the agent:

sudo installer -pkg /Volumes/LikewiseEnterprise-

4.1.0.2779-i386/LikewiseEnterprise-4.1.0.2779-
i386.mpkg -target LocalSystem

Note: For more information about the installer command, in

Terminal execute the following command:

man installer

5. To join the domain, execute the following command in the Terminal,

replacing domainName with the FQDN of the domain that you want
to join and joinAccount with the user name of an account that has
privileges to join computers to the domain:

sudo /opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli join

domainName joinAccount

Example: sudo /opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli join

likewisedemo.com Administrator

Terminal prompts you for two passwords: The first is for a user
account on the Mac that has admin privileges; the second is for the
user account in Active Directory that you specified in the join
command.

Note: You can also add the password for joining the domain to the
command, but Likewise recommends against this approach because
another user could view and intercept the full command that you are
running, including the password:

sudo /opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli join

domainName joinAccount joinPassword

Example: sudo /opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli join

likewisedemo.com Administrator YourPasswordHere

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Joining Active Directory

When Likewise joins a computer to a domain, it uses the hostname of
the computer to create the name of the computer object in Active
Directory. From the hostname, the Likewise Domain Join Tool attempts
to derive a fully qualified domain name.

By default, the domain join tool creates the Linux and Unix machine
accounts in the default Computers container within Active Directory.

You can, however, choose to create machine accounts in Active

Directory before you join your Unix, Linux, and Mac OS X computers to
the domain. When you join a computer to a domain by running the
Domain Join Tool, Likewise associates the Unix or Linux host with the
pre-existing machine account. If no match is found, Likewise creates a
machine account.

The location of the domain join command-line utility -- domainjoin-cli

-- is as follows:

/opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli

For Linux computers, there is an optional graphical user interface version

of the Likewise Domain Join Tool. It can be installed on Linux platforms
that are running GTK+ version 2.6 or later. For more information, see
Install the Domain Join GUI and Join a Linux Computer to Active
Directory with the GUI.

Configure nsswitch.conf
Before you attempt to join an Active Directory domain, make sure the
/etc/nsswitch.conf file contains the following line:

hosts: files dns

Computers running Solaris, in particular, may not contain this line in

nsswitch.conf until you add it.

For information, see the man page for nsswitch.conf.

Configure resolv.conf
Before you attempt to join an Active Directory domain, make sure that
/etc/resolv.conf on your Linux, Unix, or Mac client includes a DNS
server that can resolve Srv records for your domain.

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For information, see the man page for resolv.conf.

Removing a Computer from a Domain

You can remove a computer from the domain either by removing the
computer's account from Active Directory Users and Computers or by
running the Domain Join Tool on the Unix, Linux, or Mac OS X computer
that you want to remove; see Leave a Domain.

Join Active Directory with the Command Line

When you join a domain by using the command-line utility, Likewise uses
the hostname of the computer to derive a fully qualified domain name
(FQDN) and then automatically sets the computer’s FQDN in the
/etc/hosts file. You can also join a domain without changing the
/etc/hosts file; see Join Active Directory Without Changing /etc/hosts.

On Linux, Unix, and Mac OS X computers, the location of the domain

join command-line utility is as follows:

/opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli

Important: To run the command-line utility, you must use a root

account. To join a computer to a domain, you must have the user name
and password of an Active Directory account that has privileges to join
computers to the domain and the full name of the domain that you want
to join.

Before Joining a Domain

To join a domain, the computer's name server must be able to find the
domain and the computer must be able to reach the domain controller.
You can make sure the name server can find the domain by running this
command:

nslookup domainName

You can verify that your computer can reach the domain controller by
pinging it:

ping domainName

If either of these tests fails, see Check System Health Before Installing
the Agent and Solve Domain-Join Problems.

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Join a Linux or Unix Computer to Active Directory

• Execute the following command as root, replacing domainName with
the FQDN of the domain that you want to join and joinAccount with
the user name of an account that has privileges to join computers to
the domain:

/opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli join domainName

joinAccount

Example: /opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli join

likewisedemo.com Administrator

Join a Mac Computer to Active Directory

• Using sudo, execute the following command in the Terminal,
replacing domainName with the FQDN of the domain that you want to
join and joinAccount with the user name of an account that has
privileges to join computers to the domain:

sudo /opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli join

domainName joinAccount

Example: sudo /opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli join

likewisedemo.com Administrator

The terminal prompts you for two passwords: The first is for a user
account on the Mac that has administrative privileges; the second is
for the user account in Active Directory that you specified in the join
command.

Join a Linux or Unix Computer to an Organizational Unit

• Execute the following command as root, replacing
organizationalUnitName with the path and name of the
organizational unit that you want to join, domainName with the FQDN
of the domain, and joinAccount with the user name of an account
that has privileges to join computers to the domain:

/opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli join --ou

organizationalUnitName domainName joinAccount

Example: /opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli join --ou

Engineering likewisedemo.com Administrator

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Options and Basic Commands

The following tables list the options and commands of the command-line
interface for joining a domain.

Options
The domainjoin-cli command-line interface includes the following
options:

Option Description Example

--help Displays the domainjoin-cli --help

command-line
options and
commands.

--help- Displays a list of domainjoin-cli --help-

internal the internal internal
debugging
commands.

--log {.| path} Generates a log domainjoin-cli --log

file or prints the /var/log/domainjoin.log
log to the join likewisedemo.com
console. Administrator

domainjoin-cli --log .
join likewisedemo.com
Administrator

Basic Commands
The domain join command-line interface includes the following basic
commands:

Command Description Example

query Displays the domainjoin-cli query

hostname,
current
domain, and
distinguished
name, which

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includes the
OU to which
the computer
belongs.

If the
computer is
not joined to
a domain, it
displays only
the
hostname.

setname Renames the domainjoin-cli

computerName computer setname RHEL44ID
and modifies
the
/etc/host
s file with the
name that
you specify.

fixfqdn Fixes a domainjoin-cli

computer's fixfqdn
fully qualified
domain
name.

join [--ou Joins the domainjoin-cli join -

organizationalUni computer to -ou Engineering
t] domainName the domain likewisedemo.com
userName that you Administrator
specify by
using the
account that
you specify.

You can use

the --ou
option to join
the computer
to an OU

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within the
domain by
specifying
the path to
the OU and
the OU's
name. When
you use this
option, you
must use an
account that
has
membership
in the
Domain
Administrator
s security
group. The
path to the
OU is top
down.

leave [userName] Removes the domainjoin-cli leave

computer
from the domainjoin-cli leave
Active [email protected]
Directory om
domain.

If the
userName is
provided, the
computer
account is
disabled in
Active
Directory.

Advanced Commands

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The command-line interface includes advanced commands that you can

use to preview the stages of joining or leaving a domain, find out which
configurations are required for your system, view information about a
module that will be changed, and enable or disable a module. The
advanced commands provide a potent tool for troubleshooting issues
while configuring a Linux or Unix computer to interoperate with Active
Directory.

Preview the Stages of the Domain Join for Your Computer

To preview the domain, DNS name, and configuration stages that will be
used to join a computer to a domain, execute the following command at
the command line:

domainjoin-cli join --preview domainName

Example: domainjoin-cli join --preview likewisedemo.com

Here's an example of the results, which can vary by computer:

[root@rhel4d bin]# domainjoin-cli join --preview likewisedemo.com

Joining to AD Domain: likewisedemo.com
With Computer DNS Name: rhel4d.likewisedemo.com
The following stages are currently configured to be run during
the domain join:
join - join computer to AD
krb5 - configure krb5.conf
nsswitch - enable/disable Likewise nsswitch module
start - start daemons
pam - configure pam.d/pam.conf
ssh - configure ssh and sshd

Check Required Configurations

To see a full listing of the modules that apply to your operating system,
including those module that will not be run, execute either the following
join or leave command:

domainjoin-cli join --advanced --preview domainName

domainjoin-cli leave --advanced --preview domainName

Example: domainjoin-cli join --advanced --preview

likewisedemo.com

The result varies by computer:

[root@rhel4d bin]# domainjoin-cli join --advanced --preview

likewisedemo.com
Joining to AD Domain: likewisedemo.com
With Computer DNS Name: rhel4d.likewisedemo.com

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[F] stop - stop daemons

[F] hostname - set computer hostname
[F] firewall - open ports to DC
[F] keytab - initialize kerberos keytab
[X] [N] join - join computer to AD
[X] [N] krb5 - configure krb5.conf
[X] [N] nsswitch - enable/disable Likewise nsswitch module
[X] [N] start - start daemons
[F] gdm - fix gdm presession script for spaces in
usernames
[X] [N] pam - configure pam.d/pam.conf
[X] [S] ssh - configure ssh and sshd
   

Key to flags
[F]ully configured - the system is already configured for
this step
[S]ufficiently configured - the system meets the minimum
configuration
requirements for this step
[N]ecessary - this step must be run or manually
performed.
[X] - this step is enabled and will make
changes
[ ] - this step is disabled and will not
make changes

View Details about a Module

The Likewise domain join tool includes the following modules -- the
components and services that the tool must configure before it can join a
computer to a domain:

Module Description

join Joins the computer to Active Directory

leave Deletes the machine account in Active

Directory

dsplugin Enables the Likewise directory services plugin

stop Stops daemons so that the system can be

configured

start Starts daemons after configuration

firewall Opens ports to the Domain Controller

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hostname sets the computer hostname

krb5 Configures krb5.conf

pam-mode Switches authentication from LAM to PAM

nsswitch Enables or disables Likewise nsswitch module

pam Configures pam.d and pam.conf

lam-auth Configures LAM for Active Directory

authentication

ssh Configures ssh and sshd

bash Fixes the bash prompt for backslashes in

usernames

gdm Fixes gdm presession script for spaces in

usernames

As the previous section illustrated, you can see the modules that must be
configured on your computer by executing the following command:

domainjoin-cli join --advanced --preview domainName

You can further bore down into the details of the changes that a module
will make by using either the following join or leave command:

domainjoin-cli join --details module domainName

joinAccount
domainjoin-cli leave --details module domainName
joinAccount

Example: domainjoin-cli join --details nsswitch

likewisedemo.com Administrator

The result varies depending on your system's configuration:

[root@rhel4d bin]# domainjoin-cli join --details nsswitch

likewisedemo.com Administrator
[X] [N] nsswitch - enable/disable Likewise nsswitch module
Key to flags
[F]ully configured - the system is already configured for
this step

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[S]ufficiently configured - the system meets the minimum

configuration
requirements for this step
[N]ecessary - this step must be run or manually
performed.
[X] - this step is enabled and will make
changes
[ ] - this step is disabled and will not
make changes
Details for 'enable/disable Likewise nsswitch module':
The following steps are required and can be performed
automatically:
* Edit nsswitch apparmor profile to allow libraries in the
/opt/likewise/lib
and /opt/likewise/lib64 directories
* List lwidentity module in /usr/lib/security/methods.cfg
(AIX only)
* Add lwidentity to passwd and group/groups line
/etc/nsswitch.conf or
/etc/netsvc.conf
If any changes are performed, then the following services must be
restarted:
* GDM
* XDM
* Cron
* Dbus
* Nscd

Turn On or Turn Off Domain Join Modules

You can explicitly enable or disable a module when you join or leave a
domain. Disabling a module can be useful in cases where a module has
been manually configured or in cases where you must ensure that
certain system files will not be modified.

Note: If you disable a necessary module and you have not manually
configured it, the domain join utility will not join your computer to the
domain.

To disable a module, execute either the following join or leave command:

domainjoin-cli join --disable module domainName

accountName
domainjoin-cli leave --disable module domainName
accountName

Example: domainjoin-cli join --disable pam

likewisedemo.com Administrator

To enable a module, execute the following command at the command

line:

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domainjoin-cli join --enable module domainName

accountName

Example: domainjoin-cli join --enable pam

likewisedemo.com Administrator

Join Active Directory Without Changing /etc/hosts

When you join a computer to a domain by using the Likewise Domain

Join Tool, Likewise uses the hostname of the computer to derive a fully
qualified domain name (FQDN) and then automatically sets the
computer’s FQDN in the /etc/hosts file.

To join a Linux computer to the domain without changing the

/etc/hosts file, execute the following command at the shell prompt as
root, replacing domainName with the FQDN of the domain that you want
to join and joinAccount with the user name of an account that has
privileges to join computers to the domain:

/opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli join --disable

hostname domainName joinAccount

Example: /opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli join --

disable hostname likewisedemo.com Administrator

If the Computer Fails to Join the Domain

Make sure the computer's FQDN is correct in /etc/hosts.

You can determine the fully qualified domain name of a computer

running Linux, Unix, or Mac OS X by executing the following command:

ping -c 1 `hostname`

When you execute this command, the computer looks up the primary
host entry for its hostname. In most cases, this means that it looks for its
hostname in /etc/hosts, returning the first FQDN name on the same
line. So, for the hostname qaserver, here's an example of a correct
entry in /etc/hosts:

10.100.10.10 qaserver.corpqa.likewise.com qaserver

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If, however, the entry in /etc/hosts incorrectly lists the hostname (or
anything else) before the FQDN, the computer's FQDN becomes, using
the malformed example below, qaserver:

10.100.10.10 qaserver qaserver.corpqa.likewise.com

If the host entry cannot be found in /etc/hosts, the computer looks for
the results in DNS instead. This means that the computer must have a
correct A record in DNS. If the DNS information is wrong and you cannot
correct it, add an entry to /etc/hosts.

Join a Linux Computer to Active Directory with the GUI

After you install the Likewise agent, you can install the Likewise Domain
Join Tool, a graphical user interface for joining a domain. The domain
join tool is not included when you install the agent; you must install the
utility separately. For more information, see Install the Domain Join
Utility.

Important: To join a computer to a domain, you must have the user

name and password of a user who has privileges to join computers to a
domain and the full name of the domain that you want to join.

1. From the desktop with root privileges, double-click the Likewise

Domain Join Tool, or at the shell prompt of a Linux computer, type
the following command:

/opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-gui

2. On the Likewise AD Settings panel, in the Domain box, enter the

Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) of the Active Directory
domain.

Note: The domain join tool automatically sets the computer’s FQDN
by modifying the /etc/hosts file. For example, If your computer's
name is qaserver and the domain is corpqa.likewise.com,
the domain join tool adds the following entry to the /etc/hosts file:
qaserver.corpqa.likewise.com. To manually set the
computer's FQDN, see Join Active Directory Without Changing
/etc/hosts.

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4. Under Organizational Unit, you can join the computer to an OU in

the domain by selecting OU Path and then typing a path in the OU
Path box. The OU path is from the top of the Active Directory
domain down to the OU that you want.

Or, to join the computer to the Computers container, select Default

to container (Computers).

5. Click Join Domain.

6. Enter the user name and password of an Active Directory user with
the right to join a machine to the Active Directory domain, and then

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click OK.

Note: If you do not use an Active Directory Domain Administrator

account, you might not have sufficient privileges to change an
existing machine object in Active Directory.

Use Likewise with a Single OU

If you have only write privileges for an organizational unit in Active

Directory, you can still use Likewise. You should enable an
organizational unit (OU) for Likewise only when you want to manage
your Linux, Unix, and Mac OS X computers within a single OU and you
do not have Domain Administrator or Enterprise Administrator privileges,
but you have been given rights to create objects in an OU. You can use
the write privileges that you have been given for an OU to join Linux and
Unix computers to that OU.

There are additional limitations to this approach:

• You must join the computer to a specific OU, and you must know the
path to that OU.

• You cannot use Likewise in schema mode unless you have Enterprise
Administrator privileges, which are required to upgrade the schema.

Join a Linux Computer to an Organizational Unit

To join a computer to a domain, you must have the user name and
password of an account that has privileges to join computers to the
domain and the full name of the domain that you want to join. The OU
path is from the top OU down to the OU that you want.

Execute the following command, replacing organizationalUnitName

with the path and name of the organizational unit that you want to join,
domainName with the FQDN of the domain, and joinAccount with the
user name of an account that has privileges to join computers to the
domain:

/opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli join --ou

organizationalUnitName domainName joinAccount

Example: /opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli join --ou

Engineering likewisedemo.com Administrator

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Join a Mac Computer to Active Directory with the GUI

To join a computer running Mac OS X 10.4 or later to an Active Directory

domain, you must have administrative privileges on the Mac and
privileges on the Active Directory domain that allow you to join a
computer.

1. In Finder, click Applications. In the list of applications, double-click

Utilities, and then double-click Directory Access in OS X 10.4 or
Directory Utility in OS X 10.5.

2. On the Services tab, click the lock and enter an administrator

name and password to unlock it.

3. In the list click Likewise - Active Directory, make sure the Enable
check box for Likewise - Active Directory is selected, and then
click Configure in OS X 10.4 or double-click Likewise – Active
Directory in OS X 10.5.

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4. Enter a name and password of a local machine account with

administrative privileges.

5. On the menu bar at the top of the screen, click the Likewise
Domain Join menu, and then click Join or Leave Domain.

6. In the Computer name box, type the local hostname of the Mac
without the .local extension. Because of a limitation with Active
Directory, the local hostname cannot be more than 15 characters.
Also: localhost is not a valid name.

Tip: To find the local hostname of a Mac, on the Apple menu ,

click System Preferences, and then click Sharing. Under the
Computer Name box, click Edit. Your Mac's local hostname is
displayed.

7. In the Domain to join box, type the fully qualified domain name of
the Active Directory domain that you want to join.

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8. Under Organizational Unit, you can join the computer to an OU in

the domain by selecting OU Path and then typing a path in the OU
Path box.

Note: To join the computer to an OU, you must be a member of the

Domain Administrator security group.

Or, to join the computer to the Computers container, select Default

to "Computers" container.

9. Click Join.

10. After you are joined to the domain, you can set the display login
window preference on the Mac: On the Apple menu , click
System Preferences, and then under System, click Accounts.

11. Click the lock and enter an administrator name and password to
unlock it.

12. Click Login Options, and then under Display login window as,
select Name and password.

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Logging On with AD Credentials

After the Likewise agent has been installed and the Linux or Unix
computer has been joined to a domain, you can log on interactively by
using your Active Directory credentials. For example, you can log on by
using the form DOMAIN\username.

3. On a Linux computer, log out of the current session.

4. Log on the system console by using an Active Directory user

account in the form of DOMAIN\username, where DOMAIN is the
Active Directory short name.

Note: When you log on from the command line, you must use a slash to
escape the slash character, making the logon form
DOMAIN\\username.

Example with ssh: ssh likewisedemo.com\\hoenstiv@localhost

Logon Options

Likewise provides the following logon options:

• Full domain credentials -- example: likewisedemo.com\hoenstiv

• Single domain user name -- example: likewisedemo\hoenstiv

• Alias -- example: stiv

(For Likewise Enterprise, see Set a User Alias and Set a Group Alias.
For Likewise Open, see Create a Local Name Mapping File to Set an
Alias.)

• Cached credentials

• To use UPN names, you must raise your Active Directory forest
functional level to Windows Server 2003, but note that raising the
forest functional level to Windows Server 2003 will exclude Windows
2000 domain controllers from the domain. For more information, see
About Schema Mode and Non-Schema Mode.

Important: When you log on from the command line, you must use a
slash to escape the slash character, making the logon form
DOMAIN\\username.

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Solve Logon Problems

To troubleshoot problems logging on a Linux computer with Active

Directory credentials after you joined the computer to a domain, perform
the following series of diagnostic tests sequentially with a root account.
The tests can also be used to troubleshoot logon problems on a Unix or
Mac OS X computer; however, the syntax of the commands on Unix and
Mac might be slightly different.

Make Sure You Are Joined to the Domain

Execute the following command:

/opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli query

If you are not joined, see Join Active Directory with the Command Line.

Check Whether You Are Using a Valid Logon Form

When troubleshooting a logon problem, use your full domain credentials:
DOMAIN\username. Example: likewisedemo.com\hoenstiv.

When logging on from the command line, you must escape the slash
character with a slash character, making the logon form
DOMAIN\\username. Example: likewisedemo.com\\hoenstiv.

To view a list of logon options, see About Logging On.

Clear the Cache

You might need to clear the cache to ensure that client computer
recognizes the user's ID. See Clear the Authentication Cache.

Check the Status of the Likewise Authentication Daemon

Check the status of the authentication daemon on a Unix or Linux
computer running the Likewise Agent by executing the following
command at the shell prompt as the root user:

/sbin/service lsassd status

If Do This

The result looks like this: Restart the daemon.

likewise-winbindd is stopped
The result looks like this: Proceed to the next test.

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likewise-winbindd (pid
2572 2392 2384) is
running...

Check Communication between the Likewise Daemon and AD

Verify that the Likewise daemon can exchange data with AD by
executing this command:

/opt/likewise/bin/lw-get-dc-name FullDomainName

Example: /opt/likewise/bin/lw-get-dc-name
likewisedemo.com

If Do This

The result does not show the 1. Make sure the domain
name and IP address of your controller is online and
domain controller operational.

2. Check network
connectivity between the
client and the domain
controller.

3. Join the domain again.

4. View log files.

The result shows the correct Proceed to the next test.

domain controller name and IP
address

Verify that Likewise Can Find a User in AD

Verify that the Likewise agent can find your user by executing the
following command, substituting the name of a valid AD domain and user
for ADuserName:

/opt/likewise/bin/lw-find-user-by-name
domainName\\ADuserName

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Example: /opt/likewise/bin/lw-find-user-by-name
likewisedemo\\hab

If Do This

The command fails to find 1. Check whether the computer

the user is joined to the domain by
executing the following
command as root:

domainjoin-cli query

Displays the hostname,

current domain, and
distinguished name, which
includes the OU to which the
computer belongs. Make
sure the OU is correct. If the
computer is not joined to a
domain, it displays only the
hostname.

2. Check Active Directory to

make sure the user has an
account. If you are using
Likewise Enterprise, also
ensure that the user is
associated with the correct
cell.

3. Check whether the same

user is in the /etc/passwd
file. If necessary, migrate the
user.

The user is found Proceed to the next test.

Switch User to Check PAM

Verify that a user's password can be validated through PAM by using the
switch user service. Either switch from a non-root user to a domain user

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or from root to a domain user. If you switch from root to a domain user,
run the command below twice so that you are prompted for the domain
user's password:

su DOMAIN\\username

Example: su likewisedemo\\hoenstiv

If Do This

The switch user command fails Generate a PAM debug log.

to validate the user
Also, check the following log
files for error messages:

/var/log/messages

/var/log/secure

Test SSH
Check whether you can log on with SSH by executing the following
command:

ssh DOMAIN\\username@localhost

ssh likewisedemo.com\\hoenstiv@localhost

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Troubleshooting Domain Join Problems

Top 10 Reasons Domain Join Fails

Here are the top 10 reasons that an attempt to join a domain fails:

1. Root was not used to run the domain-join command (or to run the
domain-join graphical user interface).

2. The user name or password of the account used to join the domain
is incorrect.

3. The name of the domain is mistyped.

4. The name of the OU is mistyped.

5. The local hostname is invalid.

6. The domain controller is unreachable from the client because of a

firewall or because the NTP service is not running on the domain
controller. (See Make Sure Outbound Ports Are Open and Diagnose
NTP on Port 123.)

7. The client is running RHEL 2.1 and has an old version of SSH.

8. On SUSE, GDM (dbus) must be restarted. This daemon cannot be

automatically restarted if the user logged on with the graphical user
interface.

9. On HP-UX and Solaris, dtlogin must be restarted. This daemon

cannot be automatically restarted if the user logged on with the HP-
UX or Solaris graphical user interface. To restart dtlogin, run the
following command:

/sbin/init.d/dtlogin.rc start

10. SELinux is turned on -- which is especially likely on Fedora and

some versions of Red Hat. SELinux must be turned off before the
computer can be joined to the domain.

To turn off SELinux, edit the following file, which is the primary
configuration file for enabling and disabling SELinux:

/etc/sysconfig/selinux

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For instructions on how to edit the file to disable SELinux, see the
SELinux man page.

For more information, see Solve Domain-Join Problems.

Generate a Domain-Join Log

To help troubleshoot problems with joining a domain, you can use the
command-line utility's log option with the join command. The log
option captures information about the attempt to join the domain on the
screen or in a file.

• To display the information in the terminal, execute the following

command; the dot after --log specifies that the information is shown
in the console:

domainjoin-cli --log . join domainName userName

• To save the information in a log file, execute the following command:

domainjoin-cli --log path join domainName userName

Example:

domainjoin-cli --log /var/log/domainjoin.log join

likewisedemo.com Administrator

Solve Domain-Join Problems

To troubleshoot problems with joining a Linux computer to a domain,

perform the following series of diagnostic tests sequentially on the Linux
computer with a root account. The tests can also be used to troubleshoot
domain-join problems on a Unix or Mac OS X computer; however, the
syntax of the commands on Unix and Mac might be slightly different.

The procedures in this topic assume that you have already checked
whether the problem falls under the Top 10 Reasons Domain Join Fails.
It is also recommended that you generate a domain-join log.

Verify that the Name Server Can Find the Domain

Run the following command as root:

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nslookup ADrootDomain.com

Make Sure the Client Can Reach the Domain Controller

You can verify that your computer can reach the domain controller by
pinging it:

ping domainName

Verify that Outbound Ports Are Open

Run the following command as root:

domainjoin-cli join --details firewall

likewisedemo.com

The results of the command show whether you must open any ports.

For a list of ports that must be open on the client, see Make Sure
Outbound Ports Are Open.

Check DNS Connectivity

The computer might be using the wrong DNS server or none at all. Make
sure the nameserver entry in /etc/resolv.conf contains the IP
address of a DNS server that can resolve the name of the domain you
are trying to join. This is likely to be the IP address of one of your domain
controllers.

Make Sure nsswitch.conf Is Configured to Check DNS for Host Names

The /etc/nsswitch.conf file must contains the following line. (On
AIX, the file is /etc/netsvc.conf.)

hosts: files dns

Computers running Solaris, in particular, may not contain this line in

nsswitch.conf until you add it.

Ensure that DNS Queries Are Not Using the Wrong Network Interface Card

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If the computer is multi-homed, the DNS queries might be going out the
wrong network interface card. Temporarily disable all the NICs except for
the card on the same subnet as your domain controller or DNS server
and then test DNS lookups to the AD domain. If this works, re-enable all
the NICs and edit the local or network routing tables so that the AD
domain controllers are accessible from the host.

Determine Whether the DNS Server Is Configured to Return SRV Records

Your DNS server must be set to return SRV records so the domain
controller can be located. It is common for non-Windows (bind) DNS
servers to not be configured to return SRV records.

Diagnose by executing the following command:

nslookup -q=srv _ldap._tcp.ADdomainToJoin.com

Make Sure that the Global Catalog Is Accessible

The global catalog for Active Directory must be accessible. A global
catalog in a different zone might not show up in DNS. Diagnose by
executing the following command:

nslookup -q=srv _ldap._tcp.gc._msdcs.ADrootDomain.com

From the list of IP addresses in the results, choose one or more

addresses and test whether they are accessible on Port 3268 by using
telnet.

telnet 192.168.100.20 3268

Trying 192.168.100.20...
Connected to sales-dc.likewisedemo.com (192.168.100.20).
Escape character is '^]'.

Press the Enter key to close the connection:

Connection closed by foreign host.

Verify that the Client Can Connect to the Domain on Port 123

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The following test checks whether the client can connect to the domain
controller on Port 123 and whether the Network Time Protocol (NTP)
service is running on the domain controller. For the client to join the
domain, NTP -- the Windows time service -- must be running on the
domain controller.

On a Linux computer, run the following command as root:

ntpdate -d -u DC_hostname

Example: ntpdate -d -u sales-dc

For more information, see Diagnose NTP on Port 123.

In addition, check the logs on the domain controller for errors from
source w32tm, the Windows time service.

Files Modified During a Domain Join

When Likewise joins a computer to a domain, it modifies some system

files. The files that are modified depend on the platform, the distribution,
and the system's configuration. The following files might be modified.

Note: Not all of these files are present on all computers.

• /etc/nsswitch.conf

• /etc/pam.conf or /etc/pam.d/*

• /etc/ssh/{ssh_config,sshd_config} (or wherever sshd configuration is

located)

• /etc/hosts (To join a domain without modifying /etc/hosts, see Join

Active Directory Without Changing /etc/hosts.)

• /etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/nameservice

• /etc/X11/gdm/PreSession/Default

• /etc/vmware/firewall/services.xml

• /usr/lib/security/methods.cfg

• /etc/security/user

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• /etc/security/login.cfg

• /etc/netsvc.conf

• /etc/krb5.conf

• /etc/krb5/krb5.conf

• /etc/rc.config.d/netconf

• /etc/nodename

• /etc/{hostname,HOSTNAME,hostname.*}

• /etc/sysconfig/network/config

• /etc/sysconfig/network/dhcp

• /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-*

• /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-*

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Managing Joined Computers

Set the Home Directory and Shell for Domain Users

When you install Likewise only on a Linux, Unix, or Mac computer and
not on Active Directory, you cannot associate a Likewise cell with an
organizational unit, and thus you have no way to define a home directory
or shell in Active Directory for users who log on the computer with their
domain credentials.

To set the home directory and shell for a Linux, Unix, or Mac computer
that is using Likewise Open or Likewise Enterprise without cell, edit the
following configuration file:

/etc/likewise/lsassd.conf

Modify the following lines to set the shell and home directory that you
want:

login-shell-template =
homedir-template =

Examples:

login-shell-template = /bin/bash
homedir-template = /home/local/%D/%U

When you set the default home directory, you must use the default user
name variable (%U). You may specify the default domain name by using
the domain name variable (%D) but, unlike the user name variable, it is
not required.

All the users who log on the computer by using their Active Directory
domain credentials will have the shell and home directory that you set.

Note: /bin/bash might not be available on all systems.

Important: On Solaris, you cannot create a local home directory in

/home, because /home is used by autofs, Sun's automatic mounting
service. The standard on Solaris is to create local home directories in
/export/home.

If you set the shell and home directory both in Active Directory and in
lsassd.conf, the settings in Active Directory take precedence.

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Change the Replacement Character for Spaces

When you install the Likewise agent on a Linux, Unix, or Mac computer
but do not install Likewise Enterprise on Active Directory, you cannot
configure local Likewise settings with group policies. Instead, you must
edit the local Likewise configuration file.

To replace the spaces in Active Directory user and group names with a
character that you choose, edit the following file:

/etc/likewise/lsassd.conf

In the file, modify the following line to set the replacement character that
you want:

separator-character =

Example:

separator-character = ,

The default replacement character is set to ^. So, by default, the Active

Directory group DOMAIN\Domain Users appears as
DOMAIN\domain^users on target Linux and Unix computers.

The following characters cannot be used as the separator:

• whitespace

• alphanumeric characters

• @

• /

• \

• #

Note: The Likewise authentication daemon renders all names of Active

Directory users and groups lowercase.

Rename a Joined Computer

To rename a computer that has been joined to Active Directory, you

must first leave the domain. You can then rename the computer by using

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the domain join command-line interface. After you rename the computer,
you must rejoin it to the domain. Renaming a joined computer requires
the user name and password of a user with privileges to join a computer
to a domain.

Important: Do not change the name of a Linux, Unix, or Mac computer

by using the hostname command because some distributions do not
permanently apply the changes.

Rename a Computer by Using the Command-Line Tool

The following procedure removes a Unix or Linux computer from the
domain, renames the computer, and then rejoins it to the domain.

1. With root privileges, at the shell prompt of a Unix computer, execute

the following command:

/opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli leave

2. To rename the computer in /etc/hosts, execute the following

command, replacing computerName with the new name of the
computer:

/opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli setname
computerName

Example: /opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli setname

RHEL44ID

3. To rejoin the renamed computer to the domain, execute the

following command at the shell prompt, replacing DomainName with
the name of the domain that you want to join and UserName with
the user name of a user who has privileges to join a domain:

/opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli join DomainName

UserName

Example: /opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli join

likewisedemo.com Administrator

It may take a few moments before the computer is joined to the

domain.

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Rename a Computer by Using the Domain Join Tool

To execute the following procedure, the Likewise Domain Join Tool, a
graphical user interface for joining a domain, must be installed on your
computer. For more information, see Install the Likewise Domain Join
Tool.

1. From the desktop with root privileges, double-click the Likewise

Domain Join Tool, or at the shell prompt of a Linux computer, type
the following command:

/opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-gui

2. Click Leave, and then click OK.

3. Start the Domain Join Tool again by double-clicking the Likewise

Domain Join Tool on the desktop, or by typing the following
command at the shell prompt of a Linux computer:

/opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-gui

4. Click Next.

5. In the Computer Name box, rename the computer by typing a new

name.

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6. In the Domain to join box, enter the Fully Qualified Domain Name
(FQDN) of the Active Directory domain.

7. Under Organizational Unit, you can join the computer to an OU in

the domain by selecting OU Path and then typing a path in the OU
Path box.

Or, to join the computer to the Computers container, select Default

to "Computers" container.

8. Click Next.

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9. Enter the user name and password of an Active Directory user with
authority to join a machine to the Active Directory domain, and then
click OK.

The computer's name in /etc/hosts has been changed to the name

that you specified and the computer has been joined to the Active
Directory domain with the new name.

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Troubleshooting the Agent

Check the Status of the Authentication Daemon

On Linux and Unix

You can check the status of the authentication daemon on a Unix or
Linux computer running the Likewise agent by executing the following
command at the shell prompt as the root user:

/sbin/service lsassd status

(On HP-UX, the command is /sbin/init.d/lsassd status.)

If the authentication daemon is running, the result should look like this:

lsassd (pid 25753) is running...

If the service is not running, execute the following command:

/sbin/service lsassd start

(On HP-UX, the command is /sbin/init.d/lsassd start.)

On Mac OS X
On a Mac OS X computer, you cannot use the status command, but
you can monitor the daemon by using Activity Monitor:

1. In Finder, click Applications, click Utilities, and then click Activity

Monitor.

2. In the list under Process Name, make sure lsassd appears. If the
process does not appear in the list, you might need to start it.

3. To monitor the status of the process, in the list under Process

Name, click the process, and then click Inspect.

Check the Version and Build Number

On Linux distributions that support RPM -- for example, Red Hat

Enterprise Linux, Fedora, SUSE Linux Enterprise, OpenSUSE, and
CentOS -- you can determine the version and build number of the agent
(5.0.0.xxxx in the examples below) by executing the following command
at the shell prompt:

rpm -qa | grep likewise

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The result shows the build version after the version number:

likewise-sqlite-5.0.0-1.26353.3513
likewise-libxml2-5.0.0-1.26353.3513
likewise-netlogon-5.0.0-1.26353.3513
likewise-openldap-5.0.0-1.26353.3513
likewise-pstore-5.0.0-1.26353.3513
likewise-passwd-5.0.0-1.26353.3513
likewise-domainjoin-5.0.0-1.26353.3513
likewise-lsass-5.0.0-1.26353.3513
likewise-krb5-5.0.0-1.26353.3513
likewise-base-5.0.0-1.26353.3513
likewise-rpc-5.0.0-1.26353.3513
On Unix computers and Linux distributions that do not support RPM, the
command to check the build number varies by platform:

Platform Command

Debian and Ubuntu dpkg –S /opt/likewise/

Solaris pkginfo | grep -i

likewise

AIX lslpp –l | grep likewise

HP-UX swlist | grep -i

likewise

Clear the Authentication Cache

There are certain conditions under which you might need to clear the
cache so that a user's ID is recognized on a target computer.

By default, the user's ID is cached for 900 seconds (15 minutes). If you
change a user's UID for a Likewise cell, during the 900 seconds after you
change the UID you must clear the cache on a target computer in the cell
before the user can log on.

For example, if you set the Minimum UID-GID Value group policy to 99
for a OU with an associated Likewise cell that contains a user with a UID
lower than 99, you must change the user's UID so that it is 99 or higher
and then you must clear the cache before the user can log on during the
15-minute period after the change.

If you do not clear the cache after changing the UID, the computer will
find the old UID until after the cache expires.

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There are three Likewise group policies that can affect the cache time:

• The Winbind Cache Expiration Time, which stores UID-SID mappings,

user/group enumeration lists, getgrnam() and getpwnam(), and so
forth. Its default expiration time is 900 seconds (15 minutes).

• The ID Mapping Cache Expiration Time, which caches the mapping

tables for SIDs, UIDs, and GIDs. Its default is 1 hour.

• The ID Mapping Negative Cache Expiration Time, which stores failed

SID-UID-GID lookups to prevent an overload of resolution requests.
Its default is 5 minutes.

Tip: While you are deploying and testing Likewise, set the cache
expiration times of the Winbind Cache, the ID Mapping Cache, and the
ID Mapping Negative Cache to a short period of time, such as 1 minute.

Clear the Cache on a Linux Computer

1. Stop the Likewise authentication daemon by executing the following
command as root:

/sbin/service lsassd stop

2. Clear the AD-provider cache and the local-provider cache by

removing the following two files:

rm -f /var/lib/likewise/db/adcache.db
rm -f /var/lib/likewise/db/lwi_lsass.db

Important: Do not delete the other .db files in the

/var/lib/likewise/db directory.

3. Start the Likewise authentication daemon:

/sbin/service lsassd start

Clear the Cache on a Mac

1. In Terminal, stop the Likewise authentication daemon by executing
the following command as sudo:

sudo launchctl stop com.likewisesoftware.lsassd

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2. Clear the AD-provider cache and the local-provider cache by

removing the following two files:

sudo rm -f /var/lib/likewise/db/adcache.db
sudo rm -f /var/lib/likewise/db/lwi_lsass.db

Important: Do not delete the other .db files in the

/var/lib/likewise/db directory.

3. Restart the Likewise authentication daemon:

sudo launchctl start com.likewisesoftware.lsassd

Determine a Computer's FQDN

You can determine the fully qualified domain name of a computer

running Linux, Unix, or Mac OS X by executing the following command at
the shell prompt:

ping -c 1 `hostname`

On HP-UX
The command is different on HP-UX:

ping `hostname` -n 1

On Solaris
On Sun Solaris, you can find the FQDN by executing the following
command, but note that the computer's configuration can affect the
results:

FQDN=`/usr/lib/mail/sh/check-hostname|cut -d" " -

f7`;echo $FQDN

Diagnose NTP on Port 123

When you use the Likewise domain join utility to join a Linux or Unix
client to a domain, the utility might be unable to contact the domain
controller on Port 123 with UDP. The Likewise agent requires that Port
123 be open on the client so that it can receive NTP data from the
domain controller. In addition, the time service must be running on the
domain controller.

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You can diagnose NTP connectivity by executing the following command

as root at the shell prompt of your Linux machine:

ntpdate -d -u DC_hostname

Example: ntpdate -d -u sales-dc

If all is well, the result should look like this:

[root@rhel44id ~]# ntpdate -d -u sales-dc

2 May 14:19:20 ntpdate[20232]: ntpdate [email protected] Thu Apr
20 11:28:37 EDT 2006 (1)
Looking for host sales-dc and service ntp
host found : sales-dc.likewisedemo.com
transmit(192.168.100.20)
receive(192.168.100.20)
transmit(192.168.100.20)
receive(192.168.100.20)
transmit(192.168.100.20)
receive(192.168.100.20)
transmit(192.168.100.20)
receive(192.168.100.20)
transmit(192.168.100.20)
server 192.168.100.20, port 123
stratum 1, precision -6, leap 00, trust 000
refid [LOCL], delay 0.04173, dispersion 0.00182
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: cbc5d3b8.b7439581 Fri, May 2 2008
10:54:00.715
originate timestamp: cbc603d8.df333333 Fri, May 2 2008
14:19:20.871
transmit timestamp: cbc603d8.dda43782 Fri, May 2 2008
14:19:20.865
filter delay: 0.04207 0.04173 0.04335 0.04178
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: 0.009522 0.008734 0.007347 0.005818
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.04173, dispersion 0.00182
offset 0.008734
2 May 14:19:20 ntpdate[20232]: adjust time server 192.168.100.20
offset 0.008734 sec

Output When There Is No NTP Service

If the domain controller is not running NTP on Port 123, the command
returns a response such as no server suitable for
synchronization found, as in the following output:

5 May 16:00:41 ntpdate[8557]: ntpdate [email protected] Thu Apr 20

11:28:37 EDT 2006 (1)
Looking for host RHEL44ID and service ntp
host found : rhel44id.likewisedemo.com
transmit(127.0.0.1)
transmit(127.0.0.1)
transmit(127.0.0.1)

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Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

transmit(127.0.0.1)
transmit(127.0.0.1)
127.0.0.1: Server dropped: no data
server 127.0.0.1, port 123
stratum 0, precision 0, leap 00, trust 000
refid [127.0.0.1], delay 0.00000, dispersion 64.00000
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: 00000000.00000000 Wed, Feb 6 2036
22:28:16.000
originate timestamp: 00000000.00000000 Wed, Feb 6 2036
22:28:16.000
transmit timestamp: cbca101c.914a2b9d Mon, May 5 2008
16:00:44.567
filter delay: 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.00000, dispersion 64.00000
offset 0.000000
5 May 16:00:45 ntpdate[8557]: no server suitable for
synchronization found

Find a User or a Group

On a Unix or Linux computer that is joined to the Active Directory

domain, you can check a domain user's or group's information by either
name or ID. These commands can verify that the client can locate the
user or group in Active Directory.

Find a User by Name

Execute the following command, replacing domain\\username with the
full domain user name or the single domain user name of the user that
you want to check:

/opt/likewise/bin/lw-find-user-by-name domain\\username

Example: /opt/likewise/bin/lw-find-user-by-name
likewisedemo\\hoenstiv

You can optionally specify the level of detail of information that is

returned. Example:

/opt/likewise/bin/lw-find-user-by-name --level 2
likewisedemo\\hab

User info (Level-2):

====================
Name: LIKEWISEDEMO\hab
UPN: [email protected]
Uid: 593495196
Gid: 593494529
Gecos: Jurgen Habermas

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Shell: /bin/sh
Home dir: /home/LIKEWISEDEMO/hab
LMHash length: 0
NTHash length: 0
Local User: NO
Account disabled: FALSE
Account Expired: FALSE
Account Locked: FALSE
Password never expires: TRUE
Password Expired: FALSE
Prompt for password change: YES
For more information, execute the following command:

/opt/likewise/bin/lw-find-user-by-name --help

Find a User by UID

To find a user by UID, execute the following command, replacing UID
with the user's ID:

/opt/likewise/bin/lw-find-user-by-id UID

Example:

/opt/likewise/bin/lw-find-user-by-id 593495196

Find a Group by Name

/opt/likewise/bin/lw-find-group-by-name domain\\username

Example:

/opt/likewise/bin/lw-find-group-by-name
likewisedemo.com\\dnsadmins

Find the Likewise Daemons on a Mac

To locate the Likewise processes on a Mac OS X computer, execute the

following command in Terminal:

sudo launchctl list | grep likewise

There are typically four Likewise daemons running on a Mac:

com.likewisesoftware.npcmuxd
com.likewisesoftware.netlogond
com.likewisesoftware.dcerpcd

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Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

com.likewisesoftware.lsassd

With the Likewise Enterprise agent, the group policy daemon is also
running.

Fix the Shell and Home Directory Paths

Symptom: A local directory is in the home directory path and the

home directory path does not match the path specified in Active
Directory or in /etc/password.

Example: /home/local/DOMAIN/USER instead of

/home/DOMAIN/USER

The shell might also be different from what is set in Active Directory -- for
example, /bin/ksh instead of /bin/bash.

Problem: The computer is not in a Likewise cell in Active Directory.

Solution: Make sure the computer is in a Likewise cell. For more

information, see Associate a Cell with an OU or a Domain, or create a
default cell.

A default cell handles mapping for computers that are not in an OU with
an associated cell. The default cell can contain the mapping information
for all your Linux and Unix computers. For instance, a Linux or Unix
computer can be a member of an OU that does not have a cell
associated with it. In such a case, the home directory and shell settings
are obtained from the nearest parent cell, or the default cell. If there is no
parent cell and no default cell, the computer will not receive its shell and
home directory paths from Active Directory.

Generate a Domain-Join Log

To help troubleshoot problems with joining a domain, you can use the
command-line utility's log option with the join command. The log
option captures information about the attempt to join the domain on the
screen or in a file.

• To display the information in the terminal, execute the following

command; the dot after --log specifies that the information is shown
in the console:

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domainjoin-cli --log . join domainName userName

• To save the information in a log file, execute the following command:

domainjoin-cli --log path join domainName userName

Example:

domainjoin-cli --log /var/log/domainjoin.log join

likewisedemo.com Administrator

Generate a Network Trace

Execute the following command in a separate session to dump network

traffic as the root user and interrupt the trace with CTRL-C:

tcpdump -s 0 -i eth0 -w trace.pcap

The result should look something like this:

tcpdump: listening on eth0

28 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel

Generate a PAM Debug Log

You can generate a debug log for PAM on a Unix or Linux computer
running the Likewise Agent. PAM stands for pluggable authentication
modules.

The location of the configuration and log files in the following procedure
can vary by platform.

1. Log on as root user.

2. Edit /etc/security/pam_lwidentity.conf so that the

following lines are set to yes and are not commented out with either
a number sign or a semicolon:

debug = yes
debug_state = yes

The data is sent to syslog.

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Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

3. Edit /etc/syslog.conf to add the following line:

*.* /var/log/all.log

Important: You must use a TAB to delimit *.* from

/var/log/all.log.

4. Restart syslog by executing the following command at the shell

prompt:

service syslog restart

5. At the command line, execute the following command and note the
time stamp:

date

6. Perform a login test for both a local account and an Active Directory
account.

7. At the command line, execute the following command again and

note the new time:

date

8. Comment out the changes that you made to

/etc/security/pam_lwidentity.conf and
/etc/syslog.conf in the steps above.

9. Remove all activity from all.log that is not between the time
stamps that you noted.

Generate an Authentication Agent Debug Log

By editing /etc/likewise/lsassd.conf, you can specify the level of

logging for the Likewise authentication daemon's interaction with PAM.
The following log levels are available: error, warning, info,
verbose. The default is error.

The log messages are processed by syslog. Although the path and file
name of the log varies by platform, they typically appear in a subdirectory
of /var/log.

1. Log in as root user.

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Product Documentation  

Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

2. Modify /etc/likewise/lsassd.conf to include the following

line:

log-level = verbose

3. Restart the Likewise authentication daemon by executing the

following command from the command line (On HP-UX, the path to
the command is /sbin/init.d):

/sbin/service lsassd restart

On a Mac:

sudo launchctl stop com.likewisesoftware.lsassd

sudo launchctl start com.likewisesoftware.lsassd

4. After you finish troubleshooting, set the log-level back to error

and restart the daemon again.

Important: Leaving the log level at info or verbose might result in

disk space issues over time.

Increase Max Username Length on AIX

By default, AIX is not configured to support long user and group names,
which might present a conflict when you try to log on with a long Active
Directory username. To increase the max username length on AIX 5.3,
use the following syntax:

# chdev -l sys0 -a max_logname=MaxUserNameLength+1

Example:

# chdev -l sys0 -a max_logname=255

This command allocates 254 characters for the user and 1 for the
terminating null.

The safest value that you can set max_logname to is 255.

You must reboot for the changes to take effect:

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Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

# shutdown –Fr

Note: AIX 5.2 does not support increasing the maximum user name
length.

Make Sure Outbound Ports Are Open

If you are using local firewall settings, such as iptables, on a computer

running the Likewise agent, make sure the following ports are open for
outbound traffic.

Note: The Likewise agent is a client only; it does not listen on any ports.

Port Protocol Use

53 UDP/TCP DNS

88 UDP/TCP Kerberos 5

123 UDP NTP

137 UDP NetBIOS Name

Service

139 TCP NetBIOS Session

(SMB)

389 UDP/TCP LDAP

445 TCP SMB over TCP

464 UDP/TCP Machine password

changes (typically
after 30 days)

3268 TCP Global Catalog

search

Resolve an AD Alias Conflict with a Local Account

When you use Likewise to set an Active Directory alias for a user, the
user can have a file-ownership conflict under the following conditions if
the user logs on with the AD account:

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Product Documentation  

Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

• The AD alias is the same alias as the original local account name.

• The home directory assigned to the user in Active Directory is the

same as the local user's home directory.

• The owner UID-GID of the AD account is different from that of the

local account.

To avoid such conflicts, by default Likewise includes the short AD

domain name in each user's home directory. If the conflict nevertheless
occurs, there are two options to resolve it:

1. Make sure that the UID assigned to the user's AD alias is the same
as that of the user's local account. See Specify a User's ID and Unix
or Linux Settings.

2. Log on as root and use the chown command to recursively change

the ownership of the local account's resources to the AD user alias.

Change Ownership
Log on the computer as root and execute the following commands:

cd <users home directory root>

chown –R <AD user UID>:<AD primary group ID> *.*

Or: chown –R <short domain name>\\<account

name>:<short domain name>\\<AD group name> *.*

Restart the Authentication Daemon

On Linux and Unix

You can restart the authentication daemon by executing the following
command at the shell prompt:

/sbin/service lsassd restart

To stop the daemon, enter the following command:

/sbin/service lsassd stop

To start the daemon, enter the following command:

/sbin/service lsassd start

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Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

Note: On Unix systems, the location of the daemon may vary.

On HP-UX
Restart: /sbin/init.d/lsassd restart
Stop: /sbin/init.d/lsassd stop
Start: /sbin/init.d/lsassd start

On Mac OS X
On a Mac, use the following stop and start commands (you cannot
use the restart command on a Mac):

sudo launchctl stop com.likewisesoftware.lsassd

sudo launchctl start com.likewisesoftware.lsassd

View Kerberos Tickets

On a target Linux or Unix computer, you can see a list of Kerberos

tickets by executing the following command:

/opt/likewise/bin/klist

The command lists the location of the credentials cache, the expiration
time of each ticket, and the flags that apply to the tickets. For more
information, see the man page for klist.

Because Likewise includes its own Kerberos 5 libraries (in

/opt/likewise/lib), you must use the Likewise klist command by
either changing directories to /opt/likewise/bin or including the
path in the command.

Example:

-sh-3.00$ /opt/likewise/bin/klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_593495191
Default principal: [email protected]
Valid starting Expires Service principal
07/22/08 16:07:23 07/23/08 02:06:39
krbtgt/[email protected]
renew until 07/23/08 04:07:23
07/22/08 16:06:39 07/23/08 02:06:39
host/rhel4d.LIKEWISEDEMO.COM@
renew until 07/23/08 04:07:23
07/22/08 16:06:39 07/23/08 02:06:39
host/[email protected]
renew until 07/23/08 04:07:23
07/22/08 16:06:40 07/23/08 02:06:39 [email protected]
renew until 07/23/08 04:07:23
-sh-3.00$

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Product Documentation  

Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

Note: To address Kerberos issues, see Troubleshooting Kerberos Errors

at
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/windowsserver2003/techn
ologies/security/tkerberr.mspx.

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Product Documentation  

Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

Leaving a Domain And Uninstalling the Agent

Leave a Domain

Likewise reverses the Likewise-specific settings that were made to the

computer's configuration when it was joined to the domain. Likewise also
reverses any changes that you manually made to
/etc/likewise/lsassd.conf. Before you leave a domain, you can
execute the following command to view the changes that will be made:

domainjoin-cli leave --advanced --preview domainName

Example:

[root@rhel4d likewise]# domainjoin-cli leave --advanced --preview

likewisedemo.com
Leaving AD Domain: LIKEWISEDEMO.COM
[X] [S] ssh - configure ssh and sshd
[X] [N] pam - configure pam.d/pam.conf
[X] [N] nsswitch - enable/disable Likewise nsswitch module
[X] [N] stop - stop daemons
[X] [N] leave - disable machine account
[X] [N] krb5 - configure krb5.conf
[F] keytab - initialize kerberos keytab
Key to flags
[F]ully configured - the system is already configured for
this step
[S]ufficiently configured - the system meets the minimum
configuration
requirements for this step
[N]ecessary - this step must be run or manually
performed.
[X] - this step is enabled and will make
changes
[ ] - this step is disabled and will not
make changes

For information on advanced commands for leaving a domain, see Join

Active Directory with the Command Line.

The Computer Account in Active Directory

When you leave a domain, the computer's account in Active Directory is
not disabled and not deleted. If, however, you include the user name as
part of the leave command, the computer's account is disabled but not
deleted. You can include the user name as part of the leave command
as follows; you will be prompted for the password of the user account:

domainjoin-cli leave userName

Example: domainjoin-cli leave brsmith

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Product Documentation  

Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

 
Remove a Linux or Unix Computer from a Domain
• On the Linux or Unix computer that you want to remove from the
Active Directory domain, use a root account to run the following
command:

/opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli leave

Remove a Mac from a Domain

To leave a domain on a Mac OS X computer, you must have
administrative privileges on the Mac.

1. In Finder, click Applications.

2. In the list of applications, double-click Utilities, and then double-

click Directory Access.

3. On the Services tab, click the lock and enter an administrator

name and password to unlock it.

4. In the list, click Likewise, and then click Configure.

5. Enter a name and password of a local machine account with

administrative privileges.

6. On the menu bar at the top of the screen, click the Likewise
Domain Join Tool menu, and then click Join or Leave Domain.

7. Click Leave.

Remove a Mac with the Command Line

Execute the following command with an account that allows you to use
sudo:

sudo /opt/likewise/bin/domainjoin-cli leave

Uninstall the Domain Join GUI

On a Linux computer, you can uninstall the domain join GUI from the
command line by running the following command as root:

/opt/likewise/setup/djgtk/uninstall

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Product Documentation  

Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

Uninstall the Agent on a Linux or Unix Computer

Uninstall BitRock Installations on Linux or Unix

On a Linux or Unix computer, you can uninstall the Likewise agent from
the command line if you originally installed the agent with the BitRock
installer.

Important: Before uninstalling the agent, you should leave the domain
and uninstall the domain-join GUI. Then execute the uninstall
command from a directory other than likewise so that the uninstall
program can delete the likewise directory and all its subdirectories.
For example, execute the command from the root directory.

• To uninstall the agent on a Linux computer running Likewise

Enterprise, run the following command as root:

/opt/likewise/setup/lwise/uninstall

• To uninstall the agent on a Linux computer running Likewise Open,

run the following command as root:

/opt/likewise/setup/lwiso/uninstall

Uninstall Likewise with the Shell Script on Linux or Unix

If you installed the agent on a Linux or Unix computer by using the shell
script, you can uninstall the Likewise agent from the command line by
using the installer shell script with the uninstall option. For example,
on HP-UX, change directories to the location of Likewise Enterprise and
then run the following command as root:

./LikewiseEnterprise-5.0.0.1883-hpux-depot-hppa20.sh
uninstall

Or, if the software has been unpacked, run the following command as
root:

./LikewiseEnterprise-5.0.0.1883-hpux-depot-
hppa20/install.sh uninstall

Uninstall the Agent on a Mac

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Product Documentation  

Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

On a Mac computer, you must uninstall the Likewise agent by using the
Terminal. Before uninstalling the agent, you should leave the domain.

1. Log on the Mac by using a local account with privileges that allow
you to use sudo.

2. Open a Terminal window: In Finder, on the Go menu, click Utilities,

and then double-click Terminal.

3. At the Terminal shell prompt, execute the following command:

sudo /opt/likewise/bin/macuninstall.sh

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Product Documentation  

Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

Platform Support
Likewise Open and Likewise Enterprise run on a broad range of
platforms. Likewise is constantly adding new vendors and distributions to
the following list. To get the latest list of supported platforms, go to
http://www.likewisesoftware.com/products/likewise_enterprise/supported
_platforms.php.

Supported
Vendor  Distribution  32‐ 64‐
bit  bit 

AIX 5L 5.2  ‐   
  AIX 5L 5.3  ‐   

OS X v10.3 PPC     

OS X v10.4 PPC     
  OS X Server v10.4 PPC     

OS X v10.4 x86     

Asianux Server 3     
 

CentOS 4.0     

CentOS 4.1     

CentOS 4.2     
  CentOS 4.3     

CentOS 4.4     

CentOS 5.0     

Debian Linux 3.1     
 

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Supported
Vendor  Distribution  32‐ 64‐
bit  bit 

Fedora Core 3    ‐ 

Fedora Core 4     

Fedora Core 5     
 
Fedora Core 6     

Fedora Core 7     

HP‐UX 11.11 PA‐RISC ‐ Trusted Mode  ‐   

HP‐UX 11.11 PA‐RISC ‐ Untrusted Mode  ‐   
  HP‐UX 11.23 Itanium ‐ Trusted Mode  ‐   

HP‐UX 11.23 Itanium ‐ Untrusted Mode  ‐   

Oracle Enterprise Linux 4      

Oracle Enterprise Linux 5     

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 2.1    ‐ 
 
Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES 2.1    ‐ 

Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS 2.1    ‐ 

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 3.0     

Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES 3.0     

Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS 3.0     

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.0     

Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES 4.0     

Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS 4.0     

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Supported
Vendor  Distribution  32‐ 64‐
bit  bit 

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.0     

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.0 Desktop     

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.0 Advanced 
Platform     

Red Hat Linux 7.2    ‐ 

Red Hat Linux 7.3    ‐ 

Red Hat Linux 8    ‐ 

Red Hat Linux 9    ‐ 

Solaris 8 (SPARC)     

Solaris 8 x86     

Solaris 9 (SPARC)     

Sun  Solaris 9 x86     

Solaris 10 (SPARC)  ‐   

Solaris 10 x86  ‐   

Open Solaris  ‐   

SuSE Linux Desktop 8.2    ‐ 
 
SuSE Linux Desktop 9.0    ‐ 

SuSE Linux Desktop 9.1     

SuSE Linux Desktop 9.2     

SuSE Linux Desktop 9.3     

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Supported
Vendor  Distribution  32‐ 64‐
bit  bit 

SuSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 10.0     

OpenSuSE Linux 10.0     

OpenSuSE Linux 10.1     

OpenSuSE Linux 10.2     

SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 9.0     

SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 10.0     

Ubuntu Desktop 6.06     

Ubuntu Desktop 6.10     

Ubuntu Server 6.06     

Ubuntu Server 6.10     
  Ubuntu Desktop 7.04 
   

Ubuntu Desktop 7.10     

Ubuntu Server 8.04     

Ubuntu Desktop 8.04     

VMWare ESX Server 2.5    ‐ 

VMWare ESX Server 3.0.1    ‐ 

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Product Documentation  

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About Likewise Enterprise

Likewise Enterprise joins Linux, Unix, and Mac OS X computers to
Microsoft Active Directory to centrally manage all your computers,
authenticate users, control access to resources, apply group policies,
and audit your systems. To upgrade to Likewise Enterprise, see
http://www.likewisesoftware.com/ or send an email to
[email protected].

By joining non-Windows computers to Active Directory – a secure,

scalable, stable, and proven identity management system – Likewise
Enterprise gives you the power to manage all your users' identities in one
place, use the highly secure Kerberos 5 protocol to authenticate users in
the same way on all your systems, apply granular access controls to
sensitive resources, migrate NIS users while retaining their ID mappings,
and centrally administer Linux, Unix, and Mac computers with group
policies. The Likewise group policies are simple to manage because they
are integrated into the Microsoft Group Policy Object Editor. Likewise
includes reporting tools that can help improve regulatory compliance.
The result: lower operating costs, better security, enhanced compliance.

Software Components
Likewise Enterprise comprises several software components, each of
which provides part of the functionality necessary to manage Linux and
Unix computers in Active Directory.

Component Function
Agent • Joins a Linux or Unix computer to Active
Directory with the domain join command-line
interface or GUI.

• Communicates with an Active Directory

Domain Controller to authenticate and
authorize users and groups by using the
Likewise authentication daemon.

• Pulls and refreshes group policies by using

the Likewise group policy daemon.

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Component Function
Management Console • Runs on a Windows administrative
workstation that connects to an Active
Directory Domain Controller to help manage
Linux, Unix, and Mac OS X computers within
Active Directory.

• Migrates users, checks status, finds and

removes orphaned objects, and generates
reports.

MMC Snap-Ins for ADUC and GPOE • Extends Active Directory Users and
Computers to include Unix and Linux users.

• Extends the Group Policy Object Editor and

the Group Policy Management Console to
include Linux, Unix, and Mac OS X group
policies as well as a way to target them at
specific platforms.

Cell Manager • An MMC snap-in to manage cells associated

with Active Directory Organizational Units.

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Product Documentation  

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Get Technical Support

For technical support, please visit the Likewise Open community Web
page at http://www.likewisesoftware.com/community/. You can use the
page to join the Likewise Open mailing list to discuss Likewise Open with
other users and developers.

You can also obtain paid support from Likewise Software by visiting
http://www.likewisesoftware.com/support/ or writing to
[email protected].

ABOUT LIKEWISE SOFTWARE

Likewise Software is an open source company that provides audit and authentication
solutions designed to improve security, reduce operational costs and help
demonstrate regulatory compliance in mixed network environments. Likewise Open
allows large organizations to securely authenticate Linux, UNIX and Mac systems
with a unified directory such as Microsoft Active Directory. Additionally, Likewise
Enterprise includes world-class group policy, audit and reporting modules.
Likewise Software is a Bellevue, WA-based software company funded by leading
venture capital firms Ignition Partners, Intel Capital, and Trinity Ventures. Likewise
has experienced management and engineering teams in place and is led by senior
executives from leading technology companies such as Microsoft, F5 Networks,
EMC and Mercury.

Copyright © 2008 Likewise Software. All rights reserved. 08.01.2008.

Product Documentation  

Likewise Open: Installation and Administration Guide

The information contained in this document represents the current view of Likewise
Software on the issues discussed as of the date of publication. Because Likewise
Software must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a
commitment on the part of Likewise, and Likewise Software cannot guarantee the
accuracy of any information presented after the date of publication.

These documents are for informational purposes only. LIKEWISE SOFTWARE MAKES
NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.

Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the responsibility of the user. Without
limiting the rights under copyright, no part of this document may be reproduced, stored in,
or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, by any means
(electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), or for any purpose,
without the express written permission of Likewise Software.

Likewise may have patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other

intellectual property rights covering subject matter in this document. Except as expressly
provided in any written license agreement from Likewise, the furnishing of this document
does not give you any license to these patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other
intellectual property.

Likewise Open is an open source, community project sponsored by Likewise Software to

provide fast and easy integration into networks using Microsoft Active Directory. For
licensing information, see www.likewisesoftware.com.

© 2008 Likewise Software. All rights reserved.

Likewise and the Likewise logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of
Likewise Software in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks are
property of their respective owners.

Likewise Software
15395 SE 30th Place, Suite #140
Bellevue, WA 98007
USA

Copyright © 2008 Likewise Software. All rights reserved. 08.01.2008.