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Part 1 Reading

The passage discusses the concept of costume and how it differs from clothing, tracing how costume has fulfilled social functions throughout history such as expressing power, status, and religious significance. Costume denotes authority, as seen in uniforms for police and judges, and also military uniforms which express rank and group membership.

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Lê Mai Bảo Vy
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38 views

Part 1 Reading

The passage discusses the concept of costume and how it differs from clothing, tracing how costume has fulfilled social functions throughout history such as expressing power, status, and religious significance. Costume denotes authority, as seen in uniforms for police and judges, and also military uniforms which express rank and group membership.

Uploaded by

Lê Mai Bảo Vy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TEST 4

Part 1: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on


your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
If we believe that clothing has to do with covering the body, and costume with
the choice of a particular form of garment for a particular use, then we can say
that clothing depends primarily on such physical conditions as climate, health,
and textile manufacture, whereas costume reflects social factors such as
religious beliefs, aesthetics, personal status, and the wish to be distinguished
from or to emulate our fellows.

The ancient Greeks and the Chinese believed that we first covered our bodies
for some physical reason such as protecting ourselves from the elements.
Ethnologists and psychologists have invoked psychological reasons: modesty in
the case of the ancients, and taboo, magical influence and the desire to please
for the moderns.

In early history, costume must have fulfilled a function beyond that of


simple utility, perhaps through some magical significance, investing primitive
man with the attributes of other creatures. Ornaments identified the wearer with
animals, gods, heroes or other men. This identification remains symbolic in
more sophisticated societies. We should bear in mind that the theater has its
distant origins in sacred performances, and in all periods children at play have
worn disguises, so as to adapt gradually to adult life.

Costume helped inspire fear or impose authority. For a chieftain, costume


embodied attributes expressing his power, while a warrior's costume enhanced
his physical superiority and suggested he was superhuman. In more recent
times, professional or administrative costume has been devised to distinguish
the wearer and to express personal or delegated authority; this purpose is seen
clearly in the judge's robes and the police officer's uniform. Costume denotes
power, and since power is usually equated with wealth, costume came to be an
expression of social caste and material prosperity. Military uniform denotes
rank and is intended to intimidate, to protect the body and to express
membership in a group. At the bottom of the scale, there are such compulsory
costumes as the convict's uniform. Finally, costume can possess a religious
significance that combines various elements: an actual or symbolic
identification withi a god, the desire to express this in earthly life, and the desire
to enhance the wearer's position of respect.

1. The passage mainly discusses costume in terms of its


A. physical protection

B. religious significance

C. social function

D. beauty and attractiveness

2. What is the purpose of paragraph 1?

A. To describe the uses of costume

B. To contrast costume with clothing

C. To trace the origins of costume

D. To point out that clothing developed before costume

3. Psychological reasons for wearing garments include

A. protection from cold

B. availability of materials

C. prevention of illness

D. wishing to give pleasure

4. The word "investing" in line 13 could best replaced by

A. endowing

B. creating

C. wrapping

D. frightening
5. The word "Ornaments" in line 14 is closest in meaning to

A. garments

B. representations

C. details

D. decorations

6. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that

A. the function of costume has become very sophisticated

B. children like to identify with other creatures by wearing costumes C.


primitive people wore clothes only for sacred performances

D. costume no longer fulfills a function beyond simple utility .

7. Why does the author mention “the police officer's uniform” in line 24?

A. To illustrate the aesthetic function of costume

B. To identify the wearer with a hero

C. To suggest that police are superhuman

D. To show how costume signifies authority

8. The word "denotes" in lines 24 and 26 is closest in meaning to

A. disguises

B. describes

C. indicates

D. denigrates
9. The word "scale" in line 28 refers to

A. symbolic identification

B. military rank

C. social position

D. the balance

10. Which of the following would most likely NOT be reflected in a person's
costume, as it is defined in the passage?

A. Having a heart condition

B. Playing in a baseball game

C. Working in a hospital

D. Participating in a religious ceremony

Part 2: Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box.

a. access b. rather c. further d. expense


e reveals f. result g. remark h. participated

Genealogy is a branch of history. It concerns family history, (1)___ than the


national or world history studied at school. It doesn’t merely involve
drawing a family tree, however – tracing your family history can also (2)___
in learning about your roots and your identity. The internet enables millions
of people worldwide to (3)___ information about their family history,
without great (4)___.
People who research their family history often (5)___ that it’s a
fascinating hobby which (6)___ a lot about where they come from and
whether they have famous ancestors. According to the survey involving 900
people who had research their family history, the chances of discovering a
celebrity in your past are one in ten. The survey also concluded that the
(7)___ back you follow your family line, the more likely you are to find a
relation who has much wealthier than you are. However, the vast majority of
people who (8)___ in the survey discovered they were better off than their
ancestors.
Part 3: Do the following statement with the information given in Reading
Passage? In boxes 4-8 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement is true

FALSE if the statement is false

NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage.

In 1818, Luke Howard Published The Climate of London in which he


identified an emerging problem: urban development was having a direct impact
on the local weather.  The early 1800s was a time of great expansion for London
and Howard noticed that temperatures in the city were gradually becoming
higher than those in rural areas.  We now refer to these areas as Urban Heat
Islands. The difference in temperature is usually greater at night and the
phenomenon occurs in both winter and summer.  Experts agree that this is due
to urban development, when open green spaces are replaced with asphalt roads
and tall brick or concrete buildings.

These materials retain heat generated by the Sun and release it through the
night.  In Atlanta, in the US, this has even led to thunderstorms occurring in the
morning rather than, as is more common, in the afternoon.  Officials there are
advising builders to use light-colored roofs in a bid to reduce the problem.

Large cities around the world are adopting strategies to combat this issue. It is
not uncommon to find plants growing on top of roof or down the walls of large
buildings.  In Singapore, the government has pledged to transform it into a city
within a garden’ and, in 2006, they held an international competition calling for
entries to develop a master plan to help bring this about.  One outcome was the
creation of 19 “Supertrees.”

These metal constructions are made to resemble very tall trees and range in
height from 25 meters to 50 meters.  Each one is a vertical freestanding garden
and is home to exotic plants and ferns.  Their structure allowed the designers to
create an immediate rainforest canopy without having to wait for trees to reach
such heights.  They contain solar panels used to light the trees at night and also
containers to collect rainwater, making them truly self-sufficient.

1.   Atlanta has experienced more dramatic weather change than other areas of
the US.
2.   Roofs that are dark in color help address the issue of Urban Heat Islands.

3.   Singapore’s Supertrees are made entirely from natural materials.

4.   The designers of the Supertrees originally planned to plant very tall trees.

5.    City temperatures are higher than country temperatures regardless of the
season.

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