PARTS OF A THESIS

Preliminaries
 Copyright Page
 Title Page
 Certification-and-Approval Sheet
 Acknowledgments
 Certification of Originality
 Abstract
 Table of Contents
 List of Tables
 List of Figures

Pagination of preliminaries shall be in lowercase Roman numerals placed at the bottom

center of the page.

Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

• Introduction
• Theoretical Framework
• Conceptual Framework
• Statement of the Problem / Objectives of the Study
• Hypothesis (if any, depending on the nature of the problem)
• Scope and Limitations of the Study
• Significance of the Study
• Definition of Terms (for technical programs only)

Chapter 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES

• (Thematic organization of literature shall be followed)
• Synthesis of the Reviewed Literature and Studies

Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY
 Research Method
 Flowchart of Research Design/Process Flowchart
 Material Requirements
 Project Construction
 Testing and Evaluation
Chapter 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Chapter 5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

 Summary of Findings
 Conclusions
 Recommendations

References
(Use APA format, latest edition)

Appendices
Instrument / Questionnaire
Correspondence(activity of writing letters/communication)
Certification of Originality Check
Certification of Statistical Treatment
Certification of Editing
Biographical Statement (a paragraph consisting of 100-150 words)
 Manuscript Preparation

In the preparation of the manuscript, care shall be taken to ensure that the
following specifications are followed:

Paper and Printing Specifications

Print the final copy with a laser printer using only one side of a standard-sized
PUP template (8.5 x 11 inches).

Font Specifications
Use 11-point Arial font throughout the thesis or dissertation except when
compressing a large table.

Spacing
Double space the text; single-space long quotations, table and figure captions,
and similar special materials (e.g., table legend). Type triple-spaced from the top
margin, centered, boldfaced, and in ALL CAPS all headings of the preliminary section
(except the Copyright Page and Title Page) and all chapter titles.

Margins
Leave 1.5 inches for the left margin to allow for binding and trimming and 1 inch
for the top, bottom, and right margins.

Page Numbering
Paginate the preliminaries by using lowercase Roman numerals at the center,
bottom margin. Use Arabic numerals to paginate the text, references, and appendices.
Number all the pages consecutively starting at number 2 on the second page of the first
chapter. The first page of each chapter, though counted, shall not be numbered. Type
the page number at the upper right-hand corner of the paper (i.e., tables and figures).
Abstract
The abstract is a brief descriptive summary of the thesis or dissertation. It
contains the main objective of the study, a brief description of the research method,
major findings, conclusions or main arguments, and recommendations.
Type triple-spaced from the top margin, centered, boldfaced, and in ALL CAPS
the heading ABSTRACT. Type triple-spaced from the heading the following data that
are double-spaced, flush with the left margin: thesis/dissertation title, researcher’s
name, degree, name of granting institution, year of completion, and adviser’s name. The
abstract, which shall not exceed 250 words, is double spaced, except the title of the
thesis or dissertation which is typed single-spaced. A minimum of five (5) keywords
shall be written on the lower part of the abstract page with the “Polytechnic University of
the Philippines” and the title of the program being constant keywords.

Table of Contents
The Table of Contents comes after the abstract. Type triple-spaced from the top
margin, centered, boldfaced, and in ALL CAPS the heading TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Type double-spaced from the heading. It shall list all elements of the preliminaries,
chapter titles, main headings, references, and appendices. The beginning page
number of each section is indicated along the right margin. The numbering of the
chapters and the wording, capitalization, and punctuation of titles and headings, shall be
exactly the same as they are in the text.
(SAMPLE TABLE OF CONTENTS)
Introduction

It should give information as to what the study is all about. It should show the
existence of an unsatisfactory condition. Include the reasons for conducting the
study.(general)
Show data of the existence of the problem. Discuss historical background of
problem. Put your desire of deeper understanding of the problem. Discuss the situation
in the location that necessitate the research study.(SPECIFIC)

Theoretical Framework

Discuss theories forwarded by experts in the field/area of the study. These can
be obtained from books, journals or through the internet.

Conceptual Framework

o Researchers idea of the topic

o Guides how to determine the result
o Usually in the form of a paradigm of the study
Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Design of the base Low-Cost Mechatronics

1. Knowledge trainer. Trainer System
requirements
regarding  Design of the  Base Trainer
 PLCs following modules: consisting: PLC with
 Sensors and 1. Electro- banana plug type
actuators pneumatics
I/O terminals, DC
 Existing trainer.
mechatronics 2. Traffic lights power supply, basic
trainers trainer. input devices such
3. Motor control as toggle switches
2. Hardware trainer. and push button
requirements 4. Automated switches with
 PLC water level NO/NC contacts.
 Sensors controller.
 Electro-pneumatics
 Actuators 5. Automated
sortation trainer module.
 Other
electrical, trainer.  Traffic Lights trainer
electronic module.
components  Development of  Motor control trainer
 Other the base trainer module.
materials and the trainer
modules.  Automated water
needed such
level controller
as casing,
board where  Testing and module.
the system evaluation  Automated sortation
components trainer module.
will be  Development of  Laboratory Manual
mounted, Laboratory for the base trainer
etc. manuals for the
and each trainer
base trainer and
3. PLC programming each trainer modules.
software modules.

FEEDBACK

Figure 1. Paradigm of the study

Objectives of the Study

The primary objective of this study is to design and develop a low-cost

mechatronics trainer system for educational purposes.

Specifically this study aims to:

1. Design and develop the base trainer consisting: PLC with banana plug type

Input/Output(I/O) terminals, DC power supply, basic input devices such as

toggle switches and push button switches with NO/NC contacts.

2. Design and develop the following modules:

a. Electro-pneumatics trainer.

b. Traffic lights trainer.

c. Motor control trainer.

d. Automated water level controller.

e. Automated sortation trainer

Significance of the Study

Identify the different persons who will benefit from the study and how they will
benefit.

Example:

This project will be significant to the following:

Students. Student’s level of learning is very high if they have the equipment operate it

with the guidance of the instructor.

Instructors. It will be very easy for the instructors to teach their lessons when they have

the needed laboratory equipment.

Scope and Limitation

Includes the coverage of the study, area, subjects, issues and concerns and
constraints that have direct bearing on the result of the study.
 Includes key terms only (10 to 15 terms)
 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter deals with the review of related literature and studies. This is a

significant chapter in providing the basic context of the research to support this study.
 Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter deals with the methods and procedures done in the course of the

study. This includes planning, requirement analysis, project design, prototype

construction, different testing procedures and evaluation conducted by the researcher.

Research Method

The researcher will use of developmental research method. Actual prototype and

testing procedures will be conducted.

Flowchart of Research Design

Show the flowchart and explain.

Project Construction

 Discuss the components of the prototype (materials)

 Discuss how the prototype was assembled(step-by-step)
 Include pictures

Testing and Evaluation

 Discuss the tests that you have made
 Discuss how the test was conducted and how the results were obtained. Trial 1, 2, 3,
… etc
 Include pictures
 References

A. BOOKS

Author/s (year). Topic . Title of the book, (Edition). Location: Publisher.

Mehta, V.K., & Mehta, R. (2012). Electrostatics. Basic Electrical Engineering, (Revised
Edition). New Delhi: S. Chand Publishing.

B. JOURNALS

Author/s (year) . Topic . Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), page/s.

Xu, S., Zhang, L., Yan, Z., Feng, D., Wang, G., & Zhao, X. (2016). Optimal Scheduling
of Electric Vehicles Charging in low-Voltage Distribution Systems. Journal of
Electrical Engineering & Technology ,11(4), 810-819.

C. UNPUBLISED THESIS & DISSERTATIONS

Author (year) . Title of Thesis/Dissertation .Name of Institution, Location

Rural, F.R. (2007). Predictive Factors affecting Mathematics Performance of Freshmen

Engineering Students at Technological Institute of the Philippines. Polytechnic
University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa, Manila.

D. ELECTRONIC SOURCES

Author (year) . Title , Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxxxx

Woodford, C.(2017). Transistors. Retrieved from http://www.explainthatstuff.com/

howtransistorswork.html