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HANDOUT 2: COMPUTER EDUCATION 10

MAIN TOPIC: Circuits with TinkerCAD
SUBTOPIC: Basic Logical Gates
WEEK 2: August 9 – 13, 2022

A. BASIC LOGICAL GATES

What is a logic gates?

It refers to the basic building blocks of any digital system. It is an electronic circuit having
one or more than one input and only one output. The relationship between the input and the output is
based on a certain binary logic. In binary logic, there are only two states, 1 and 0, ‘on and off’, or
True/False.

The principle of operation is that the circuit operates on just two voltage levels, called logic 0 and logic
1. When either of these voltage levels is applied to the inputs, the output of the gate responds by assuming a 1 or
a 0 level, depending on the particular logic of the gate. The logic rules for each type of gate can be described in
different ways, by a written description of the action, by a truth table, or by a Boolean algebra statement.

Boolean statements use letters from the beginning of the alphabet, such as A, B, C etc. to
indicate inputs. The letters have no meaning in themselves, other than just to label the various points
in the circuit.

The Basic Logical Gates

NOT GATE

Symbol Truth Table Algebraic Expression

A A
1 0 A
0 1

The NOT gate is an electronic circuit that produces an inverted version of the input at its output. It is
also known as an inverter. If the input variable is A, the inverted output is known as NOT A. This is also
shown as A', or A with a bar over the top, as shown at the outputs.
Wk. 2 Handout 2 in Computer Education 10 (August PLMs) Page 1 of 4
 AND GATE

Symbol Truth Table Algebraic Expression

A B A.B
1 1 1
1 0 0 A.B
0 1 0
0 0 0

The AND gate is an electronic circuit that gives a high output (1) only if all its inputs are high. A dot (.)
is used to show the AND operation i.e. A.B. Bear in mind that this dot is sometimes omitted i.e. AB.

OR GATE

Symbol Truth Table Algebraic Expression

A B A+B
1 1 1
1 0 1 A+B
0 1 1
0 0 0

The OR gate is an electronic circuit that gives a high output (1) if one or more of its inputs are high. A
plus (+) is used to show the OR operation.

NAND GATE

Symbol Truth Table Algebraic Expression

A B A.B
1 1 1
1 0 1 A.B
0 1 1
0 0 0

This is a NOT-AND gate which is equal to an AND gate followed by a NOT gate. The outputs of all
NAND gates are high if any of the inputs are low. The symbol is an AND gate with a small circle on the output.
The small circle represents inversion.

Wk. 2 Handout 2 in Computer Education 10 (August PLMs) Page 2 of 4

 NOR GATE

Symbol Truth Table Algebraic Expression

A B A+B
1 1 1
1 0 1 A+B
0 1 1
0 0 0

The NOR gate is an electronic circuit that gives a high output (1) if one or more of its inputs are high. A
plus (+) is used to show the OR operation

EXAMPLES Let’s use the logical gates to find the algebraic

expression of the given circuit!

1. Find the algebraic expression of Y using the circuit below:

Y =________
B

A
A
(A+B)
Y =________
B
B

The value of the first input

In the example above, the A value passes to the logical NOT of the gate ‘A’ should be
gate that makes the value of A become inverted. Since the last written first, to be followed
gate is OR, then algebraic expression of y is (A+B). by the second input ‘B’ and
group them using
parenthesis ().

Wk. 2 Handout 2 in Computer Education 10 (August PLMs) Page 3 of 4

1. Find the algebraic expression of Y using the circuit below:

Y =____________

A
A
B
(A.B)

(A+B) (A.B) + (A+B)

Y =____________
A

B
B

To get the final conversion or the algebraic expression in the circuit, conversion in every logical
gate should be done first.

Wk. 2 Handout 2 in Computer Education 10 (August PLMs) Page 4 of 4