11

ORAL COMMUNICATION
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Communicative Strategies in Different
Situations
Quarter 2- Week 1
English – Grade 11
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Communicative Strategies in Different situations
Quarter 2- Week 1

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 Seven Types of Communicative
Strategies

Introduction

We need to communicate to others to establish a relationship and to have

better understanding. However, there are times when miscommunication occurs. It
is important that we know how to adjust and be able to communicate effectively.

Noam Chomsky (1957) stressed that the person’s ability to understand and
produce the language solely determine linguistic competence of the person in a
language. He proposed two concepts, of language forms (competence) and language
use (performance). Moreover, Hymes (1970) research on communicative competence
distinguished between knowledge “about” language and how to communicate using
the target language. In communicative competence, the person must not only have
the knowledge on the language, but also have a good facility on the target language.

Canale and Swain (1980) classified communicative competence into four sub-
categories.

1. Grammatical Competence refers to the competence of the person in syntax and

morphology.

2. Discourse Competence refers to the proper use of the words (cohesion) and the
appropriate combination of communicative function (coherence).

3. Sociolinguistic Competence refers to the ability of the person to use appropriate

words in a particular social situation.

4. Strategic Competence is the person ability to make repairs, to cope with

imperfect knowledge and to sustain communication through a variety of
methods.

Learning Competency

Employs various communicative strategies in different situations.

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 Objectives

After completing this Guided Learning Activity Kit, you should be able to:
1.identify communicative strategies;
2.differentiate the types of communicative strategies; and
3.use the strategies effectively in communicating.

Review

Directions: Fill in the boxes with your own ideas about communicative strategies.
There are no wrong or right answer. Your own ideas matter. Write your answers on
your paper.

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 Discussion

Lesson 1: Seven Types of Communicative Strategies

Communicative Strategy is defined in different ways:

Communicative Strategy are strategies that a speaker used to solve the

communication problems, which are caused by the lack of appropriate forms
in the mental-lexical. The speaker compensates either by going to the
conceptual stage or by trying out alternative linguistics formulations (Poulisse
1989).

Communicative Strategy is a systematic attempt by the

learner to express meaning by a target language in
which the suitable systematic target language rules have
not been formed (Cohen 2004).

Communicative Strategy are techniques of dealing with

difficulties in communicating in an imperfectly known second or foreign
language (Stern 1983).

Communicative Strategy is a systematic technique employed by a speaker to

express his own idea when faced with some difficulties (Corder 1978).

Communicative Strategies give you a systematic technique in sharing and

transmitting ideas or information effectively. Here are the Seven Types of
Communicative Strategies.

1. Nomination answers the questions, “What makes a person a credible and

reliable speaker and/or writer? and “Is it necessary for you to only have a good
facility of a language or having a good diction of pronunciation?” When you
share ideas or information, always make sure that you are able discuss a topic
clearly, extemporaneously, and truthfully. This could signal the beginning of a
new topic in the conversation. It is also important to present relevant ideas
based on valid facts and statistics.
2. Restriction refers to a limitation you may have as a speaker. There are times that
you are constrained to react or to respond to specific topic. It is sometimes
important to restrict yourself from stating things not relevant to the issues or
topics.
3. Turn- Taking pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the
conversation floor. There are times like you really want to intervene in the
discussion or conversation. It is always necessary to observe the fine art of
conversation. You need to speak when it is your turn.

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 4. Topic- control covers how procedural formality and informality affects the
development of topic conversations. This achieved cooperatively. To be a good
conversationalist, you should always learn how to ask questions. Keep the
dialogue conversations going by asking relevant questions and giving
appropriate responses.

5. Topic- shifting involves moving from one topic to another. We enjoy talking and
sharing ideas. We learn so many things through simple conversation. When we
introduce a new topic after a thorough interaction of the other topic, that is
topic- shifting.

6. Repair refers to how speakers address the problem in speaking, listening, and
comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation. Misunderstanding
occurs when there is communication breakdown. In order to avoid this, it is
important to send comprehensive details and information regarding the topic.

7. Termination refers to the conversation participants’ close-initiating

expressions that end a topic in a conversation. Most of the time, the one who
initiated the conversation takes responsibility to signal the concluding cues.
There are different ways of closing the dialogue. You can say it in a nice way,
or you can use signal to end the conversation.

Doc, when can I get the If you are able to use these strategies
result I’ll just call you if it is
of my test? ready. well, you will be good in handling
conversations. You will avoid
miscommunication. However, you must
also consider the situation. You must
choose the words wisely. What you say
depends on what the situations call for.

For example, if you are just talking

with friends then it is alright to be casual
and when you start and end the
conversation, you need not be formal.
Meanwhile, if you are in a formal
situation, you must start and control the
conversation with care. Be polite
whenever you can. You have nothing to
lose when you do that.

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 Activities

Guided Practice 1

Directions: Identify the strategies used in each statement. Write your answers on
your paper.
1. Do you have anything to say?

2. One of the essential lessons I gained from the discussion is

the importance of listening well to others.

3. Excuse me? I think we should talk one at a time.

4. Go on with your ideas. I will let you finish before I say

something.

5. Have you heard the latest news?

6. Hi Timothy! How are you?

7. Send my regards to them! See you next week!

8. Good to see you. Anyway, I came to visit you because

I want to personally offer apologies for what happened
yesterday.

9. Sorry, I can’t decide on that now. Let us discuss it

tomorrow, okay?

10. Now, it’s your turn to ask me a question.

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Guided Practice 2
Directions: You have identified the communicative strategies. This time, give your
own sample statements in the given situations. You may refer to statements in the
previous activity as samples. Use statements that you often say in normal
conversations. Write your answers on your paper.

Strategies Situation Sample Statements

Nomination You want to talk to your
teacher.

Restriction You are giving instructions to

a member.

Topic- control Your friend is out of topic.

Topic-shift You want to talk about food

after discussing about the
news.

Turn-taking You will give your silent

classmate a chance to speak.

Repair The volume of the voices are

getting higher.

Termination You want to end the

conversation, but your friend
is still talking.

Independent Practice
Directions: Choose one from the given topics below. Prepare a simple conversation,
or an interview on the following topics. Use one of the communicative strategies
mentioned above.

1. How to bake a carrot cake

2. How to create Facebook Account
3. Planning for memorable Christmas celebration with your family
4. How to cook pork adobo
5. Planning for a debut party

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Your essay will be checked using the rubric below:

Features 5 4 3 2
Content The There is one Piece has There is no
conversation clear, well- incoherent clear, well-
is clear with focused supporting focused
topic that is conversation information. conversation
informative topic but topic.
and clearly supporting
conveyed. information is
incomplete.
Quality of Piece is Piece is Piece has a Piece has no
Writing written in an written in an less little style.
extraordinary interesting interesting
style. style. style.
Grammar, There is no There are few There is a There are
Usage and spelling, spelling and number of many spelling,
Mechanics punctuation punctuations spelling, punctuation
or errors, minor punctuation and
grammatical grammatical or grammatical
errors. errors. grammatical errors that it
errors. interferes with
the meaning.

Assessment

Directions: Read the statements below and choose the best answer. Write your
answers on your paper.

1. What are you doing when you start a conversation?

a. Nomination c. Repair
b. Restriction d. Termination

2. What refers to any limitation you have as a speaker?

a. Nomination c. Repair
b. Restriction d. Termination

3. What pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the
conversation floor?
a. Repair c. Topic- shifting
b. Topic- control d. Turn- taking

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 4. What covers how procedural formality or informality affects the development
of topic in conversations?
a. Repair c. Topic- shifting
b. Topic- control d. Turn- taking

5. What strategy involves moving from one topic to another?

a. Repair c. Topic- shifting
b. Topic- control d. Turn- taking

6. What refers to how speakers address the problem in speaking, listening and
comprehending?
a. Restriction c. Topic- shifting
b. Repair d. Turn- Taking

7. Which of the following refers to the process of ending a topic in a

conversation?
a. Restriction c. Topic- shifting
b. Repair d. Termination

8. Which of the following is NOT an example of Nomination?

a. Hi! How are you?
b. Have you heard the news today?
c. I have to go now. Bye!
d. May I ask something?

9. Which of the following is an example of Termination?

a. Do you want to say something?
b. I think that is wrong.
c. It’s already time! Let us talk about it next time.
d. Hello Andrei!

10. When you say, “Please speak slowly, you are too fast.” What strategy are
you applying?
a. Nomination c. Repair
b. Topic- shifting d. Termination

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 Reflection

Reflective Questions: Write your answers on your paper.

1. What communicative strategies have you learned?

I have learned…

2. Among these strategies which one have you mastered?

I have mastered…

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 References

Angelina Lourdes Hermosa, Mark Ryan Hernandez, Shiela Vergara. Oral Communication for
Senior High School. EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES CORPORATION. Quezon City 2016.

Bialystok, E.. 1990. Communication Strategies: A Psychological Analysis of Second

Language Use[M]. London: Blackwell.
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.87.2984&rep=rep
1&type=pdf

https://www.slideshare.net/englishIT/communication-strategies-70782108

https://buenavistanhs.weebly.com/uploads/7/2/2/8/7228051/oral_communicati
on_in_context__lm_for_shs.pdf

Lin, 林 慧 菁 . (2005). An Overview of Communication Strategy. Indian Journal of

Applied Linguistics, Vol. 31, (2).

Sipacio, Philippe John Fresnillo and Balgos, Anne Richie Garcia. Oral Communication in Context.
Quezon City: C & E Publishing House, Inc., 2016.