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Lecture-1. Introduction To Engineering Geology

This document provides an overview of the course "Engineering Geology & Geomorphology (CE-201)". It discusses how geology and geomorphology relate to civil engineering works. It also outlines some key topics covered in the course, including rock and soil types, geological structures, weathering and erosion processes, drainage basins, and geological investigations for infrastructure projects. The role of engineering geology in understanding unstable ground conditions, interpreting site investigations, and designing foundations is emphasized.

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AVIK CHANDRA DAS 1901019
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63 views

Lecture-1. Introduction To Engineering Geology

This document provides an overview of the course "Engineering Geology & Geomorphology (CE-201)". It discusses how geology and geomorphology relate to civil engineering works. It also outlines some key topics covered in the course, including rock and soil types, geological structures, weathering and erosion processes, drainage basins, and geological investigations for infrastructure projects. The role of engineering geology in understanding unstable ground conditions, interpreting site investigations, and designing foundations is emphasized.

Uploaded by

AVIK CHANDRA DAS 1901019
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGINEERING GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

CE-201
MD. AFTABUR RAHMAN, PhD
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
CHITTAGONG, BANGLADESH
WHAT IS CIVIL ENGINEERING !
People use the land to live on, and build all sort of structures like buildings,
bridges, dams etc. Combining all is Civil Engineering

Source: https://goo.gl/Au5WTr

Major branches of civil engineering's are

• Structural • Geotechnical • Environmental


Engineering Engineering Engineering

• Water Resource • Transportation


Engineering Engineering

Engineering Geology & Geomorphology (CE-201)


WHAT IS GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY ? ? ?

Geology deals with the study of physical properties


of the planet earth

Geomorphology is the study of the physical features of the


Earth’s crust as related to its geological features. Morphology
means outer study. It deals just with the study of the earth’s
outer surface or the crust

Engineering Geology & Geomorphology (CE-201)


IS THE MEANING SAME ?

 Geomorphology is a sub-set of Geology !

Engineering Geology & Geomorphology (CE-201)


IMPORTANCE OF GEOLOGY

• Geology is the study of earth, the materials of which it is made, the


structure of those materials and the effects of the natural forces acting
upon them

Geomorphological features that appear along faults (illustration by


Takashi Nataka)

Engineering Geology & Geomorphology (CE-201)


WE ARE CIVIL ENGINEERS ,WHY GEOLOGY ? ?

Civil engineering works are all carried out on or in the ground. Its properties
and processes are therefore significant-both the strength of rocks and soils, and
the erosional and geological processes that subject them to continual change !

• Unstable ground does exist !


• Site investigation: where most civil
engineers encounter geology
• Unforeseen ground conditions
• Civil engineering design

Engineering Geology & Geomorphology (CE-201)


SITE INVESTIGATION: WHERE MOST CIVIL ENGINEERS
ENCOUNTER GEOLOGY

Did you visit Bhatiary ! ! !

While interpreting site investigation, geology comes in the way of


thinking

Engineering Geology & Geomorphology (CE-201)


THIS SOILS ARE HARD TO BREAK WHEN DRY,
EXTREMELY SOFT WHEN WET ! !

• Yet, the authority wants to know the type of soils

Reality is You never find any direct solution

Engineering Geology & Geomorphology (CE-201)


AN IMPLICIT JUSTIFICATION SOMETIMES EFFECTIVE

Engineering Geology & Geomorphology (CE-201)


UNFORESEEN GROUND CONDITIONS !

The distance is 20 ft maximum,


however, difference of soil
stratum is substantial

Engineering Geology & Geomorphology (CE-201)


WHAT IS ENGINEERING GEOLOGY?
Simply, Engineering Geology is the application of geological knowledge in
Civil Engineering, specially in Geotechnical Engineering
• To know the load carrying capacity of soil over which any structure is
built
• To know the geotechnical hazard zone, for example landslides hazard,
earthquake hazard
• To know the geology in regional scale

Map showing chance of damage from an earthquake


in the Central and Eastern United States during 2016. Landslide hazard map of USA
Source: USGS
Engineering Geology & Geomorphology (CE-201)
APPLICATION OF GEOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING !
Suppose, you are in-charge of Karnaphuli Tunnel Project

To select location and for safe foundation system, the knowledge


of engineering geology is must

Engineering Geology & Geomorphology (CE-201)


APPLICATION OF GEOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING !
Sedimentation is a Big Problem indeed !

To understand the flow path, a knowledge of regional geology is must

Engineering Geology & Geomorphology (CE-201)


APPLICATION OF GEOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING !
To find the clue : A major highway was depressed after the Gokhra Earthquake
in 2015

• Probably, Organic soil is a crucial factor

Engineering Geology & Geomorphology (CE-201)


COURSE CONTENT
• Introduction to Engineering Geology
• Minerals, Identification of minerals, Physical properties of minerals &
Common rock forming minerals
• Rocks and its types
• Fold, Fault and Joint
• Weathering and erosion process
• Types of drainage basin, Quantitative and qualitative analysis of
drainage basins
• Geological works done by Rivers and winds
• Earthquake fundamentals, Seismic map of Bangladesh
• Land slides and land subsidence
• Geological investigation of dams, reservoir, tunnels and highway sites
• Geological succession of Bangladesh, Folded bed in Bangladesh and Faulting
in Bangladesh
• Seismic investigation
• Tsunami and its possible effects in Bangladesh
• Mineral deposits of Bangladesh

Engineering Geology & Geomorphology (CE-201)


THE EARTH SYSTEM
Earth functions exactly like a finely tuned machine, a natural, self-
maintaining spaceship for its inhabitants
Just as a healthy human body depends upon the proper circulation of blood
and other fluids and solids within, so does a “healthy Earth”-one habitable
for life at least-depend upon a proper circulation of matter and energy
between each of its major natural components; Lithosphere,
Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, and Biosphere

The Earth System


Engineering Geology & Geomorphology (CE-201)
THE EARTH SYSTEM
The Lithosphere, which contains all of the cold, hard, solid rock of the
planet's crust
The Hydrosphere, which contains all of the planet's solid, liquid, and gaseous
water,
The Biosphere, which contains all of the planet's living organisms, and
The Atmosphere, which contains all of the planet's air.

You know, You have a miniature earth in your body

Engineering Geology & Geomorphology (CE-201)


THE EARTH SYSTEM
THE EARTH SYSTEM: SYSTEM is simply a set of components that work
together to perform a particular function
• Alike other systems, the Earth System, require energy to operate
Energy comes from :
(1) Internal and (2) External

Inside the planet’s deep interior, uranium, thorium,


and to a lesser extent potassium atoms are
continuously decaying into more stable, lighter-
weight elements. A by-product of this radiogenic-
decay is heat, which gradually escapes to Earth’s
surface

Some of this heat converts to mechanical energy, causing earthquakes,


mountain building, and the slow shifting of massive tectonic plates

Engineering Geology & Geomorphology (CE-201)


THE EARTH SYSTEM
The interface between the external and internal sources of energy is
Earth’s surface
The form of landscape on which we live may be thought of as a
compromise in the never-ending tug-of-war of opposite forces

Engineering Geology & Geomorphology (CE-201)

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