INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEEN DAYAL UPADHYAYA GORAKHPUR

UNIVERSITY, GORAKHPUR
(दीन दयाल उपाध्याय गोरखपुर विश्वविद्यालय, गोरखपुर)

EVALUATION SCHEME
&
SYLLABUS

FOR

B. TECH.
Electronics & Communication Engineering

ON
AICTE MODEL CURRICULUM
[Effective from the Session: 2022-23]
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Curriculum for Bachelor of Technology

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Course structure & Semester-wise credit distribution

A. Structure of Bachelor of Technology (B. Tech) program:

Category Breakup of Credits

Humanities and Social Sciences including Management courses 13
Basic Science courses 25
Basic Engineering courses including workshop, drawing, basics of 15
Electrical/Electronics/mechanical/computer etc..
Department core courses 51
Department elective courses relevant to chosen specialization/branch 21
Open subjects – Electives from other technical and /or emerging subjects 15
Project work, seminar and internship in industry or elsewhere 17
University Minor Elective courses 08
Mandatory Non-Credit Courses
[University Minor Co-Curricular Courses, Environmental Studies, Induction (Non-Credit)
training, Indian Constitution]
Total 165
Minor Specialization/Honour (Optional) 18 additional credits

A student will be eligible to get B. Tech degree in ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING (ECE) with Honours or additional Minor Engineering( in CSE/IT/ME) if he/she
completes an additional 18 credits.

B. Category of Courses:
Basic Science Courses
S. No. Course Code Course Title Credits
1. CHE102 Fundamentals of Chemistry 4+0
2. CHE103 Quantitative Analysis 0+2
3. PHY203 Modern Physics & Electronics 4+0
4. PHY204 Practical (Basic Electronics Instrumentation) 0+2
5. MAT102 Differential Calculus and Integral Calculus 4+0
6. MAT 104 Matrices and Differential Equations 3+0
7. MAT201 Algebra 3+0
8. MAT 203 Differential Equation 3+0

Basic Engineering Courses

S. No. Course Code Course Title Credits

1. ECE101 Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering 3+1

2. ME101 Engineering Graphics & Design 0+2
3. CSE101 Programming for Problem Solving 3+1
4. ME102 Workshop Practices 0+2
5. ME103 Fundamental of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics 3+0

Humanities & Social Sciences Including Management

S. No. Course Code Course Title Credits
1. ENG103 English Prose and Writing Skills -II 3+0
2. MBA502 Managerial Economics 5+0
3. MBA530 Entrepreneurship Development 5+0
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

ECE Department Courses

S. No. Course Code Course Title Credits
1. ECE201 Electronic Devices 3+1
2. ECE202 Digital Electronics & Logic Design 3+1
3. ECE203 Signals and Systems 3+1
4. ECE204 Network Analysis and Synthesis 3+0
5. ECE205 Analog Circuits 3+1
6. ECE206 Analog and Digital Communication 3+1
7. ECE207 Microprocessor & Microcontrollers 3+1
8. ECE208 Electronic Design workshop 0+2
9. ECE301 Engineering Electromagnetics 3+0
10. ECE302 Computer Architecture & Organization 3+0
11. ECE303 Digital Signal Processing 3+1
12. ECE304 Advanced Electronics System Lab 0+2
13. ECE305 Control Systems 3+0
14. ECE306 Data Communication Networks 3+0
15. ECE307 Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation 3+1
16. ECE308 Mini Project 0+2
17. ECE401 Industrial Training Seminar 0+2
18. ECE402 Project Work I 0+5
19. ECE403 Project Work II & Dissertation 0+8

ECE Department Elective Courses

S. No. Course Code Course Title Credits
1. ECEL301 Information Theory and Coding Department
ECEL302 Speech Processing 3+0 Elective
ECEL303 VLSI Technology Course-1
2. ECEL304 Biomedical Instrumentation Department
ECEL305 CMOS VLSI Design 3+0 Elective
ECEL306 Power Electronics Course-2
3. ECEL401 Nano electronics Department
ECEL402 Satellite Communication 3+0 Elective
ECEL403 Microwave Theory and Techniques Course-3
4. ECEL404 Optical Communication Department
ECEL405 Analog Signal Processing 3+0 Elective
ECEL406 Antennas and Wave Propagation Course-4
5. ECEL407 Wireless and Mobile Communication Department
ECEL408 Digital Image Processing 3+0 Elective
ECEL409 Mixed Signal Design Course-5
6. ECEL410 Wireless Sensor Networks Department
ECEL411 RADAR Engineering 3+0 Elective
ECEL412 High Speed Electronics Course-6
7. ECEL413 Wavelets Department
ECEL414 Embedded systems 3+0 Elective
ECEL415 Electronic Switching Course-7

Mandatory Non-Credit (NC) Courses

S. No. Course Code Course Title Credits
1. MNC01 Induction Program (3-weeks) 0+2
2. GEO505 Environmental Studies 2+0
3. POL102 Indian National Movement & Constitution of India 2+0
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Mandatory 3-week Student Induction Program

The Essence and Details of Induction program can also be understood from the ‘Detailed Guide on Student
Induction program’, as available on AICTE Portal.
(Link: https://www.aicte-india.org/sites/default/files/Model_Curriculum/UG-1/ug-vol1.pdf).
Induction program (mandatory) Three-week duration
Induction program for students to be Physical activity
offered right at the start of the first Creative Arts
year. Universal Human Values
Literary
Proficiency Modules
Lectures by Eminent People
Visits to local Areas
Familiarization to Dept./Branch & Innovations

Engineering Open Elective Courses

The courses listed below are offered by the Department of ECE/IT/CSE/ME
S. No. Department Course Code Course Title Credits
1. ECE ECOE01 Microwave Integrated Circuits Engineering
IT ITOE01 Introduction to OOP in C++ 3+0 Open
Elective
CSE CSEOE01 Design Pattern
Course-1
ME MEOE01 Optimization Techniques
2. ECE ECOE02 RF Circuits Engineering
IT ITOE02 Artificial Neural Networks 3+0 Open
CSE CSEOE02 Python Programming Elective
ME MEOE02 Robotics Course-2
3. ECE ECOE03 High Speed System Design Engineering
IT ITOE03 Cyber Law and Ethics 3+0 Open
Elective
CSE CSEOE03 Green Computing
Course-3
ME MEOE03 Advanced Manufacturing Techniques
4. ECE ECOE04 Low Power VLSI Circuits Engineering
IT ITOE04 Internet of Things 3+0 Open
CSE CSEOE04 Genetic Algorithm Elective
ME MEOE04 Maintenance Engineering and management Course-4
5. ECE ECOE05 Biomedical Signal Processing Engineering
IT ITOE05 Software Reuse 3+0 Open
CSE CSEOE05 Web Application Development using Python Elective
ME MEOE05 Fluid Mechanics Course-5

Minor Elective Courses

Students who have registered for University Minor course can opt to study any 4 of the courses listed below.
S. No. Course Code Course Title Credits
1. HIS 106 Introduction to Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya (compulsory) 2+0
2. HND 100 Rashtra Gaurav (Compulsory) 2+0
3. PHI 100 Introduction of Nath panth 2+0
4. STAT 100 Data Science I 1+1
5. DSS 106 Understanding Disaster 2+0
6. STAT 200 Data Science II 1+1
7. BOT 107 Resource management and Zero Waste Campus 2+0
8. DSS 200 Disaster Management Mechanism in India 2+0
9. ENG 108 Advanced Writing Skills and Critical Thinking 2+0
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Minor Co-curricular (Non-Credit)

Students can opt any 4 of the courses listed below.
S. No. Course Code Course Title Credits
1. NCC 100 National Cadet Corps 0+2
2. NSS 100 National Service Scheme 0+2
3. RR 100 Rovers & Rangers 0+2
4. PHED 106 Physical Education and Yoga 0+2
5. PHED 100 Sports (any) 0+2
6. FMV 100 Cultural Activities 0+2
7. HSC 100 Nutrition, Health and Hygiene 2+0
8. PSY 100 Communication Skills and Personality Development 2+0

Minor Specialization Courses (Optional)

Students who have registered for B. Tech Minor in ECE can opt to study any 5 (two courses of 3 credits + three
courses of 4 credits) of the courses listed below.
S. No. Course Code Course Title Credits
1. ECM01 Control Systems 3+0 Minor
ECM02 Engineering Electromagnetics Specialization-1
2. ECM03 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing 3+0 Minor
ECM04 Network Analysis and Synthesis Specialization-2
3. ECM05 Analog and Digital Communication 3+1 Minor
ECM06 Microprocessor & Microcontrollers Specialization-3
4. ECM07 Electronic Devices 3+1 Minor
ECM08 Digital Electronics &Logic Design Specialization-4
5. ECM09 Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation 3+1 Minor
ECM10 Analog Circuits Specialization-5

Advanced Level Courses For B.Tech. -Honours (Optional)

Students who have registered for B. Tech Honours in ECE can opt to study any 5 (two courses of 3 credits +
three courses of 4 credits) of the courses listed below. These could be acquired through MOOCs also.
S. No. Course Code Course Title Credits
1. ECH01 RF MEMS Circuits 3+0 Honours
ECH02 Bio MEMS Course-1
**
ECH03 NPTEL
2. ECH04 Digital Signal Processors and Applications 3+0 Honours
ECH05 Advanced Digital Signal Processing Course-2
ECH06 NPTEL**
3. ECH07 Design of ASICS 4+0 Honours
ECH08 VLSI Design Automation Course-3
ECH09 NPTEL**
4. ECH10 Digital System Design 4+0 Honours
ECH11 Modelling of Nanoscale Field Effect Devices Course-4
**
ECH12 NPTEL
5. ECH13 Applied Photonics 4+0 Honours
ECH14 Wavelet Signal Processing Course-5
ECH15 NPTE**
**
NPTEL : Student have to choose NPTEL Course from SWAYAM Portal of the above-mentioned credits as
per the availability of course in that particular semester with the consent of department head or coordinator.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Bachelor of Technology
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Course Structure

Semester I
S. No. Category Course Course Title Credits
Code
1. Basic Science Course CHE102 Fundamentals of Chemistry 4+0
2. Basic Science Course CHE103 Quantitative Analysis 0+2
3. Basic Science Course MAT102 Differential Calculus and Integral 4+0
Calculus
4. Humanities and Social ENG103 English Prose and Writing Skills -II 3+0
First Sciences including
Year Management Course
5. Basic Engineering Course ECE101 Basic Electrical and Electronics 3+1
Engineering
6. Basic Engineering Course ME101 Engineering Graphics & Design 0+2
7. Mandatory Non-Credit MNC01 Induction Program 0+2 (NC)
Courses
8. Minor Elective Minor Elective-1 02
9. Minor Co-curricular Minor Co-curricular-1 02 (NC)
Total credits 21
The students have to choose one course from each (Minor Elective, and Minor Co-Curricular)

Semester II
S. No. Category Course Course Title Credits
Code
1. Basic Science Course PHY203 Modern Physics & Electronics 4+0
2. Basic Science Course PHY204 Practical (Basic Electronics 0+2
Instrumentation)
3. Basic Science Course MAT104 Matrices and Differential Equations 3+0
First 4. Basic Engineering Course CSE101 Programming for Problem Solving 3+1
Year
5. Basic Engineering Course ME102 Workshop Practices 0+2
6. Basic Engineering Course ME103 Fundamental of Mechanical 3+0
Engineering and Mechatronics
7. Minor Elective Minor Elective-2 02
8. Minor Co-curricular Minor Co-curricular-2 02 (NC)
Total credits 20
The students have to choose one course from each (Minor Elective, and Minor Co-Curricular)
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Semester III
S. No. Category Course Course Title Credits
Code
1. Department Course ECE201 Electronic Devices 3+1
2. Department Course ECE202 Digital Electronics & Logic Design 3+1
3. Department Course ECE203 Signals and Systems 3+1
Second
4. Department Course ECE204 Network Analysis and Synthesis 3+0
Year
5. Basic Science Course MAT201 Algebra 3+0
6. Humanities and MBA502 Managerial Economics 5+0
Social Sciences
including
Management Course
7. Mandatory Non- POL102 Indian National Movement & Constitution of 2+0 (NC)
Credit Course India
8. Minor Elective Minor Elective-3 02
9. Minor Co-curricular Minor Co-curricular-3 02 (NC)
Total credits 25
The students have to choose one course from each (Minor Elective, and Minor Co-Curricular)

Semester IV
S. No. Category Course Course Title Credits
Code
1. Department Course ECE205 Analog Circuits 3+1
2. Department Course ECE206 Analog and Digital Communication 3+1
3. Department Course ECE207 Microprocessor & Microcontrollers 3+1
4. Department Course ECE208 Electronic Design workshop 0+2
5. Basic Science Course MAT203 Differential Equation 3+0
Second 6. Minor Elective Minor Elective-4 02
Year 7. Minor Co-curricular Minor Co-curricular-4 02 (NC)
Total credits 19
8. Minor
ECMI_/EC Minor Specialization-1/Honours
Specialization/Honours 3+0
HO_ Course-1
Course (optional)
Total credits (With Minor Specialization/Honours Course) 22
The students have to choose one course from each (Minor Elective, and Minor Co-Curricular)
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Semester V
S. Category Course Course Title Credits
No. Code
1. Department Course ECE301 Engineering Electromagnetics 3+0
2. Department Course ECE302 Computer Architecture & Organization 3+0
3. Department Course ECE303 Digital Signal Processing 3+1
4. Department Course ECE304 Advanced Electronics System Lab 0+2
#
Third 5. Department Elective ECEL Department Elective Course-1 3+0
Year Course
6. Engineering Open EOE* Engineering Open Elective Course-1 3+0
Elective Course
7. Mandatory Non-Credit GEO505 Environmental Studies 2+0
Course (NC)
Total credits 18
8. Minor
ECMI_/EC
Specialization/Honours Minor Specialization-2/Honours Course-2 3+0
HO_
Course (optional)
Total credits (With Minor Specialization/Honours Course) 21
• ECEL # : One course to be selected from the Department Elective Courses (ECEL301-303)
• EOE*: Only one Course is to be selected from the list of Engineering Open Elective Courses

Semester VI
S.No. Category Course Course Title Credits
Code
1. Department Course ECE305 Control Systems 3+0
2. Department Course ECE306 Data Communication Networks 3+0
3. Department Course ECE307 Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation 3+1
Third 4. Department Course ECE308 Mini Project 0+2
Year
5. Department Elective ECEL# Department Elective Course-2 3+0
Course
6. Engineering Open Elective EOE* Engineering Open Elective Course-2 3+0
Course
7. Humanities and Social MBA530 Entrepreneurship Development 5+0
Sciences including
Management Course
Total credits 23
8. Minor
ECMI_/EC
Specialization/Honours Minor Specialization-3/Honours Course-3 04
HO_
Course (optional)
Total credits (With Minor Specialization/Honours Course) 27
• ECEL : One course to be selected from the Department Elective Courses (ECEL304-306)
#

• EOE*: Only one Course is to be selected from the list of Engineering Open Elective Courses
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Semester VII
S. No. Category Course Code Course Title Credits
1. Department Elective Course ECEL# Department Elective Course-3 3+0
2. Department Elective Course ECEL# Department Elective Course-4 3+0
3. Department Elective Course ECEL# Department Elective Course-5 3+0
4. Engineering Open Elective EOE* Engineering Open Elective Course-3 3+0
Course
5. Department Course ECE401 Industrial Training Seminar 0+2
Fourth
Year 6. Department Course (Project) ECE402 Project Stage-I 0+5
Total credits 19
7. Minor ECMI_/ECH Minor Specialization-4/Honours 04
Specialization/Honours O_ Course-4
Course (optional)
Total credits (With Minor Specialization/Honours Course) 23
• ECEL # : One course to be selected from the Department Elective Courses (ECEL401-403;
ECEL404-406; ECEL407-409)
EOE*: Only one Course is to be selected from the list of Engineering Open Elective Courses

Semester VIII
S.No. Category Course Code Course Title Credits
1. Department Elective ECEL# Department Elective Course-6 3+0
Course
2. Department Elective ECEL# Department Elective Course-7 3+0
Course
3. Engineering Open EOE* Engineering Open Elective Course-4 3+0
Fourth Elective Course
Year 4. Engineering Open EOE* Engineering Open Elective Course-5 3+0
Elective Course
5. Department Elective ECE403 Project Stage-II 0+8
Course (Project)
Total credits 20
6. Minor ECMI_/ECHO_ Minor Specialization-5/Honours 04
Specialization/Honours Course-5
Course (optional)
Total credits (With Minor Specialization/Honours Course) 24
• ECEL : One course to be selected from the Department Elective Courses (ECEL410-412;
#

ECEL413-415)
• EOE*: Only one course to be selected from the list of Engineering Open Elective Courses

Credit Distribution
Semester I II III IV V VI VII VIII Total
Credit 21 20 25 19 18 23 19 20 165
Credit with Minor Specialization/Honours Course 21 20 25 22 21 27 23 24 183
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Evaluation Scheme
A. Distribution of Marks for Theory based Subjects
Internal Assessment (40 Marks) External
Evaluation (60
Marks)
Attendance Assignment Project / Mid Term End Term Total
Field Examination Examination
Report
Marks 05 10 10 15 60 100

B. Distribution of Marks for Practical based theory Subjects

Theory (75 Marks) Practical (25 Marks)
Internal Assessment External Internal External
Evaluation Assessment Evaluation
Internal Mid Term End Term Internal End Total
(Attendance Examination Theory (Attendance Practical
+ Examination + Theory
Assignment Assignment Examination
+ Project + Project /
Report) Field Report)
Marks 10 20 45 15 10 100

C. Distribution of Marks for only Practical Subjects

Internal Assessment (25 Marks) External Evaluation (75 Marks)
Practical/Per Practical Attendance Major Minor Viva - Total
formance Record Exercise Exercise voce
Copy
Marks 05 15 05 30 25 20 100
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Detailed B. Tech ECE Curriculum Contents

Basic Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Course code ECE101
Category Basic Engineering Course
Course title Basic Electrical & Electronics Engineering (Theory & Lab.)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+1 Semester –I
Pre-requisites (if any) -
(i) Basic Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Unit-1 Ohms Law - Kirchhoff’s laws, Loop, and nodal methods of analysis-Superposition theorem, 11 (Lectures)
Thevenin theorem, Norton theorem- Introduction to AC circuits - Waveforms and RMS value
- power and power factor, single phase and three phase balanced circuits.
Principles of operation and characteristics of DC machines, Transformers – Synchronous
Machines - three Phase and single-phase induction motors - Moving coil and moving iron
instruments (Ammeter and voltmeter).
Unit-2 Classification of solids based on energy hand theory - Intrinsic semiconductors – Extrinsic 9 (Lectures)
semiconductors - P type and N type - P-N junction – I-V characteristics of PN junction diode
- Zener diode - Zener diode characteristics-Zener diode as shunt regulator - Half wave and
full wave rectifiers – Light-Emitting Diodes- Liquid-Crystal Displays-SCR, Diac, Triac,
Characteristics, and simple applications.
Unit-3 Bipolar junction transistor - CB, CE, CC - Configurations and characteristics - Biasing circuits 9 (Lectures)
- Field Effect Transistor (JFET & MOSFET) - Configurations and characteristics - UJT -
characteristics and simple applications - switching transistors - concept of feedback – negative
feedback - application in temperature and motor speed control.
Unit-4 Binary number system & representation. Introduction of Basic and Universal Gates, using 7 (Lectures)
Boolean algebra simplification of Boolean function-K Map Minimization upto 6 Variable.
(ii) Basic Electrical & Electronics Engineering Laboratory
Note: A minimum of ten experiments from the following should be performed
Exp-1. Verification of Kirchhoff’s laws & Superposition theorem
Exp-2. Applications of PN Junction diode: Half & Full wave rectifier- Measurement of Vrms, Vdc, and ripple
factor.
Exp-3. Verification of Thevenin’s Theorem and Maximum Power Transfer Theorem.
Exp-4. Measurement of power and power factor in a single-phase ac series inductive circuit and study improvement
of power factor using capacitor
Exp-5. Verification of Truth Table of Various Logic Gate.
Exp-6. Connection and measurement of power consumption of a fluorescent lamp (tube light).
Exp-7. Measurement of power in 3- phase circuit by two wattmeter method and determination of its power factor
for star as well as delta connected load.
Exp-8. Study of phenomenon of resonance in RLC series circuit and obtain resonant frequency.
Exp-9. To observe the B-H loop of a ferromagnetic material in CRO.
Exp-10. Determination of (i) Voltage ratio (ii) polarity and (iii) efficiency by load test of a single-phase transformer
Exp-11. Determination of efficiency of a dc shunt motor by load test
Exp-12. To study running and speed reversal of a three-phase induction motor and record speed in both directions.

Suggested Text / Reference Books:

1. D.P. Kothari and I. J. Nagrath, “Basic Electrical Engineering”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2010.
2. Thomas Floyd, “Digital Fundamentals”, Prentice Hall, 10th Edition, 2011.
3. D.C. Kulshreshtha, “Basic Electrical Engineering”, McGraw Hill, 2009.
4. L.S. Bobrow, “Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering”, Oxford University Press, 2011.
5. E. Hughes, “Electrical and Electronics Technology”, Pearson, 2010.
6. V.D. Toro, “Electrical Engineering Fundamentals”, Prentice Hall India, 1989.

Course Outcomes:
CO1. To understand basic electric and electronic circuits
CO2. To understand basic properties of semiconductor devices
CO3. To study the working principles of electrical machines and electronic devices.
CO4. To explain the function of various digital logic gates and blocks.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Electronics Devices
Course code ECE201
Category Department Course
Course title Electronics Devices (Theory and Lab)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+1 Semester –III
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
• To introduce the concept of Basic crystal properties.
• To introduce the concept of semiconductor physics and its fundamentals.
• To introduce the concept of carrier transport in semiconductors and design resistors.
• To introduce semiconductor devices BJT, MOS capacitor and MOSFET, their characteristics, and operations.
• To analyze and interpret MOSFET circuits for small signal at low and high frequencies.
• To study the different types of optoelectronic devices.
(i) Electronics Devices
Unit-1 Crystal Properties: Elemental and compound semiconductor materials, crystal lattice 8 (Lectures)
structure; Introduction to semiconductor physics: Review of quantum mechanics,
electrons in periodic lattices, E-k diagrams.
Unit-2 Energy bands in intrinsic and extrinsic silicon, carrier transport, diffusioncurrent, drift 8(Lectures)
current, mobility and resistivity, sheet resistance, design of resistors.

Unit-3 Generation and recombination of carriers, Poisson and continuity equation 10(Lectures)
P-N junction characteristics, I-V characteristics, and small signal switching models,
Avalanche breakdown, Zener diode, Schottky diode, Photodiodes, solar cell, light
emitting diodes, semiconductor lasers, light emitting materials.
Unit-4 Transistors: MOS capacitor: C-V characteristics; MOSFET: I-V characteristics, and small 6 (Lectures)
signal models of MOS transistor; Bipolar Junction Transistor: I-V characteristics, Ebers-
Moll model.
(ii) Electronics Devices Laboratory
Note: A minimum of ten experiments from the following should be performed
EXP-1 Study of Lab Equipment and Components: CRO, multimeter, and function generator, power
supply- active, passive components and bread board.
EXP-2 P-N Junction diode: Characteristics of PN junction diode - static and dynamic resistance
measurement from graph.
EXP-3 Applications of PN Junction diode: Half wave rectifier- Measurement of Vrms, Vdc, and ripple
factor.
EXP-4 Applications of PN Junction diode: Full wave rectifier- Measurement of Vrms, Vdc, and ripple
factor.
EXP-5 Characteristics of Zener diode: V-I characteristics of Zener diode, graphical measurement of
forward and reverse resistance.
EXP-6 Characteristics of Photo diode: V-I characteristics of photo diode, graphical measurement
of forward and reverse resistance.
EXP-7 Characteristics of Solar cell: V-I characteristics of solar cell, graphical measurement of forward
and reverse resistance.
EXP-8 Application of Zener diode: Zener diode as voltage regulator. Measurement ofpercentage
regulation by varying load resistor.
EXP-9 Characteristic of BJT: BJT in CE configuration- graphical measurement of h- parameters
from input and output characteristics. Measurement of Av, AI, Ro and Ri of CE amplifier with
potential divider biasing.
EXP-10 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors: Single stage MOSFET amplifier –plot of gain in
dB Vs frequency, measurement of, bandwidth, input impedance, maximum signal handling capacity
(MSHC) of an amplifier.
EXP-11 Simulation of amplifier circuits studied in the lab using any available simulation software and
measurement of bandwidth and other parameters with the help of simulation software.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Text /Reference Books:

1. G. Streetman, and S. K. Banerjee, “Solid State Electronic Devices,” 7th edition,
Pearson,2014.
2. D. Neamen , D. Biswas, "Semiconductor Physics and Devices," McGraw-Hill Education.
3. S. M. Sze and K. N. Kwok, “Physics of Semiconductor Devices,” 3rd edition, John
Wiley&Sons, 2006.
4. C.T. Sah, “Fundamentals of Solid State Electronics,” World Scientific Publishing Co.
Inc,1991.
5. Y. Tsividis and M. Colin, “Operation and Modeling of the MOS Transistor,” Oxford
univ.press, 2011.
6. Muhammad H. Rashid, “Electronic Devices and Circuits,” Cengage publication, 2014.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Understand the principles of semiconductor Physics.
CO2. Understand and utilize the mathematical models of semiconductor junctions.
CO3. Understand carrier transport in semiconductors and design resistors.
CO4. Utilize the mathematical models of MOS transistors for circuits and systems.
CO5. Analyze and find application of special purpose devices.
CO6. Understand working of basic electronics lab equipment.
CO7. Understand working of Diode, BJT, FET, MOSFET and apply the concept in
designing of amplifiers.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Digital Electronics & Logic Design

Course code ECE202
Category Department Course
Course title Digital Electronics & Logic Design (Theory and Lab)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+1 Semester –III
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
• To introduce the concept of digital and binary systems
• To analyze and design MSI devices.
• To design and analyze sequential logic circuits.
• To design and analyze Logic families and semiconductor memories.
• To design and analyze Logic families and semiconductor memories.
• To understand the different Logic families and semiconductor memories
(i) Digital Electronics & Logic Design
Unit-1 Logic simplification and combinational logic design: Binary codes, codeconversion, 9 (Lectures)
review of Boolean algebra and Demorgans theorem, SOP &
POS forms, Canonical forms, Karnaugh maps up to 6 variables, tabulationmethod.
MSI devices like comparators, multiplexers, encoder, decoder, driver &
multiplexed display, half and full adders, subtractors, serial and paralleladders, BCD adder,
barrel shifter and ALU.
Unit-2 Sequential logic design: Building blocks like S-R, JK and Master-Slave JK FF, edge triggered 9(Lectures)
FF, state diagram, state reduction, design of sequential circuits, ripple and synchronous
counters, shift registers, finite state machines, design of synchronous FSM, algorithmic state
machines charts. Designing synchronous circuits like pulse train generator, pseudo random
binary sequence generator, clock generation.
Unit-3 Logic families and semiconductor memories: TTL NAND gate,specifications, noise margin, 9(Lectures)
propagation delay, fan-in, fan-out, tristate TTL, ECL, CMOS families and their interfacing,
memory elements,
concept of programmable logic devices like FPGA, logic implementation using programmable
devices.
Unit-4 Digital-to-Analog converters (DAC): Weighted resistor, R-2R ladder, resistor string etc. 9 (Lectures)
analog-to-digital converters (ADC): single slope, dual slope, successive approximation, flash
etc. switched capacitor circuits: Basic concept, practical configurations, application in
amplifier, integrator,
ADC etc.
(ii) Digital Electronics & Logic Design Laboratory
Note: A minimum of ten experiments from the following should be performed
EXP-1 Introduction to digital electronics lab- nomenclature of digital ICs, specifications, study of
the data sheet, Concept of Vcc and ground, verification of the truth tables of logic gates using
TTL ICs.
EXP-2 Implementation of the given Boolean function using logic gates in both SOP and POS
forms.
EXP-3 Verification of state tables of RS, JK, T and D flip-flops using NAND & NOR gates.
EXP-4 Implementation and verification of Decoder using logic gates.
EXP-5 Implementation and verification of Encoder using logic gates.
EXP-6 Implementation of 4:1 multiplexer using logic gates.
EXP-7 Implementation of 1:4 demultiplexer using logic gates.
EXP-8 Implementation of 4-bit parallel adder using 7483 IC.
EXP-9 Design, and verify the 4-bit synchronous counter.
EXP-10 Design, and verify the 4-bit asynchronous counter.
EXP-11 Implementation of Mini Project using digital integrated circuits and other components.

Text/Reference Books:
1. R.P. Jain, “Modern Digital Electronics,” Tata McGraw Hill, 4th edition, 2009.
2. A. Anand Kumar, “Fundamental of Digital Circuits,” PHI 4th edition, 2018.
3. W.H. Gothmann, “Digital Electronics- An Introduction to Theory and Practice,” PHI, 2nd
edition, 2006.
4. D.V. Hall, “Digital Circuits and Systems,” Tata McGraw Hill, 1989.
5. A. K. Singh, “Foundation of Digital Electronics & Logic Design,” New Age Int.Publishers.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

6. Subrata Ghosal, “Digital Electronics,” Cengage publication, 2nd edition, 2018

Course outcomes:
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Design and analyze combinational logic circuits.
CO2. Design and analyze modular combinational circuits with MUX / DEMUX, Decoder &
Encoder
CO3. Design & analyze synchronous sequential logic circuits.
CO4. Analyze various logic families.
CO5. Design ADC and DAC and implement in amplifier, integrator, etc.
CO6. Design & build mini project using digital ICs.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Signals and Systems

Course code ECE203
Category Department Course
Course title Signals and Systems (Theory and Lab)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+1 Semester –III
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
• To introduce the concept of digital and binary systems
• To analyze and design MSI devices.
• To design and analyze sequential logic circuits.
• To design and analyze Logic families and semiconductor memories.
• To design and analyze Logic families and semiconductor memories.
• To understand the different Logic families and semiconductor memories
(i) Signals and Systems
Unit-1 Signals: Definition, types of signals and their representations: continuous-time/discrete-time, 9 (Lectures)
periodic/non-periodic, even/odd, energy/power, deterministic/ random, one-
dimensional/multidimensional; commonly used signals (in continuous-time as well as in
discrete-time): unit impulse, unit step, unit ramp (and their interrelationships), exponential,
rectangular pulse, sinusoidal; operations on continuous-time and discrete-time signals
(including transformations of independent variables).
Unit-2 Laplace-Transform (LT) and Z-transform (ZT): (i) One-sided LT of some common 10(Lectures)
signals, important theorems and properties of LT, inverse LT, solutions of differential
equations using LT, Bilateral LT, Regions of convergence (ROC)
(ii) One sided and Bilateral Z-transforms, ZT of some common signals, ROC, Properties and
theorems, solution of difference equations using one-sided ZT, s- to z-plane mapping
Fourier Transforms (FT): (i) Definition, conditions of existence of FT, properties,
magnitude and phase spectra, Some important FT theorems, Parseval’s theorem, Inverse FT,
relation between LT and FT
(ii) Discrete time Fourier transform (DTFT), inverse DTFT, convergence, properties and
theorems, Comparison between continuous time FT and DTFT
Unit-3 Systems: Classification, linearity, time-invariance and causality, impulse response, 9(Lectures)
characterization of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems, unit sample response, convolution
summation, step response of discrete time systems, stability. convolution integral, co-
relations, signal energy and energy spectral
density, signal power and power spectral density, properties of power spectral density
Unit-4 Time and frequency domain analysis of systems: Analysis of first order and second order 9 (Lectures)
systems, continuous-time (CT) system analysis using LT, system functions of CT systems,
poles and zeros, block diagram representations; discrete-time system functions, block diagram
representation, illustration of the concepts of system bandwidth and rise time through the
analysis of a first order CT low pass filter
(ii) Signals and Systems Laboratory
Note: A minimum of ten experiments from the following should be performed
Exp-1. Introduction to MATLAB/SCILAB
i. To define and use variables and functions.
ii. To define and use Vectors and Matrices.
iii. To study various arithmetic operators and mathematical functions.
iv. To create and use RUN-files.
Exp-2. Basic plotting of signals
i. To study various MATLAB/SCILAB commands for creating two- and three-dimensional plots.
ii. Write a MATLAB/SCILAB program to plot the following continuous time and discretetime signals.
1. Step Function
2. Impulse Function
3. Exponential Function
4. Ramp Function
5. Sine Function
Exp-3. Time and Amplitude transformations
Write a MATLAB/SCILAB program to perform amplitude-scaling, time-scaling and time-shifting on a given
signal.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Exp-4. Convolution of given signals

Write a MATLAB/SCILAB program to obtain linear convolution of the given sequences.
Exp-5. Autocorrelation and Cross-correlation
i. Write a MATLAB/SCILAB program to compute autocorrelation of a sequence x(n) andverify the
property.
ii. Write a MATLAB/SCILAB program to compute cross-correlation of sequences x(n) andy(n) and
verify the property.
Exp-6. Fourier Series and Gibbs Phenomenon
i. To calculate Fourier series coefficients associated with Square Wave.
ii. To Sum the first 10 terms and plot the Fourier series as a function of time.
iii. To Sum the first 50 terms and plot the Fourier series as a function of time.
Exp-7. Calculating transforms using MATLAB/SCILAB
i. Calculate and plot Fourier transform of a given signal.
ii. Calculate and plot Z-transform of a given signal.
Exp-8. Impulse response and Step response of a given system
i. Write a MATLAB/SCILAB program to find the impulse response and step response of asystem
form its difference equation.
ii. Compute and plot the response of a given system to a given input.
Exp-9. Pole-zero diagram and bode diagram
i. Write a MATLAB/SCILAB program to find pole-zero diagram, bode diagram of a given
system from the given system function.
ii. Write a MATLAB/SCILAB program to find, bode diagram of a given system from the
given system function.
Exp-10. Frequency response of a system
Write a MATLAB/SCILAB program to plot magnitude and phase response of a given system.

Text/Reference books:
1. A.V. Oppenheim, A.S. Willsky and I.T. Young, "Signals and Systems," Pearson, 2015.
2. R.F. Ziemer, W.H. Tranter and D.R. Fannin, "Signals and Systems - Continuous andDiscrete," 4th
edition, Prentice Hall, 1998.
3. B.P. Lathi, "Signal Processing and Linear Systems," Oxford University Press, 1998.
4. Douglas K. Lindner, "Introduction to Signals and Systems," McGraw Hill InternationalEdition: 1999.
5. Simon Haykin, Barry van Veen, "Signals and Systems," John Wiley and Sons (Asia)Private Limited,
1998.
6. V. Krishnaveni, A. Rajeswari, “"Signals and Systems," Wiley India Private Limited,2012.
7. Robert A. Gabel, Richard A. Roberts, "Signals and Linear Systems," John Wiley andSons, 1995.
8. M. J. Roberts, "Signals and Systems - Analysis using Transform methods andMATLAB," TMH, 2003.
9. J. Nagrath, S. N. Sharan, R. Ranjan, S. Kumar, "Signals and Systems," TMH New Delhi,2001.
10. . Anand Kumar, “Signals and Systems,” PHI 3rd edition, 2018.
11. D. Ganesh Rao, K.N. Hari Bhat, K. Anitha Sheela, “Signal, Systems, and StochasticProcesses,”
Cengage publication, 2018.

Course outcomes:
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Analyze different types of signals.
CO2. Analyze linear time-invariant (LTI) systems.
CO3. Represent continuous and discrete systems in time and frequency domain.
CO4. Analyze discrete time signals in z-domain.
CO5. Understand the basic operation of MATLAB/SCILAB.
CO6. Find the stability of the system using pole-zero diagrams and bode diagrams.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Network Analysis and Synthesis

Course code ECE204
Category Department Course
Course title Network Analysis and Synthesis (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0 Semester –III
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
• To understand the basic concept of electrical circuits.
• To analyze the Circuits in time and frequency domain
• To study network Topology, network Functions, two port network.
• To synthesize passive network by various methods.
Unit-1 Node and mesh analysis, matrix approach of network containing voltage & current sources 9 (Lectures)
and reactances, source transformation and duality.
Network theorems: Superposition, reciprocity, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, Maximum power
transfer, compensation and Tallegen's theorem as applied to A.C. circuits.
Unit-2 Review of Laplace transforms, poles and zeroes, initial and final value theorems, The 9(Lectures)
transform circuit, the system function, step and impulse responses, the convolution integral.
Amplitude and phase responses.
Network functions, relation between port parameters, transfer functions using two port
parameters, interconnection of two ports.
Unit-3 Hurwitz polynomials, positive real functions. Properties of real immittance functions, synthesis 9(Lectures)
of LC driving point immittances, properties of RC driving point impedances, synthesis of RC
impedances or RL admittances, properties of RL impedances and RC admittances.
Unit-4 Concept of Poles and Zeroes on the stability, Properties of Open Circuit and Short Circuit 9 (Lectures)
Parameters, Zeroes of transmission, Synthesis of Y21 and Z21 with 1Ω terminations,
Introduction to active network synthesis.

Text/Reference Books
1. Franklin F. Kuo, “Network Analysis and Synthesis,” Wiley India Education, 2nd Ed., 2006.
2. Van, Valkenburg, “Network analysis,” Pearson, 2019.
3. Sudhakar, A., Shyammohan, S. P., “Circuits and Network,” Tata McGraw-Hill NewDelhi, 1994.
4. A William Hayt, “Engineering Circuit Analysis,” 8th Edition, McGraw-Hill Education.
5. A. Anand Kumar, “Network Analysis and Synthesis,” PHI publication, 2019.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course, students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Understand basics electrical circuits with nodal and mesh analysis.
CO2. Appreciate electrical network theorems.
CO3. Apply Laplace transform for steady-state and transient analysis.
CO4. Determine different network functions.
CO5. Appreciate the frequency domain techniques.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Analog Circuits
Course code ECE205
Category Department Course
Course title Analog Circuits (Theory and Lab)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+1 Semester – IV
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
• To describe and analyze the Diode circuits and basic amplifier models
• To understand the various feedback topologies.
• To describe the concept of Oscillators and their types.
• To understand the basic topology and variants of Current mirror circuits.
• To understand the concept of differential amplifiers.
• To understand the basic concept of Op-Amp and its use in various applications.
• To design basic active filters.
(i) Analog Circuits
Unit-1 Diode circuits, amplifier models: Voltage amplifier, current amplifier, trans-conductance 9 (Lectures)
amplifier and trans-resistance amplifier. biasing schemes for BJT and FET amplifiers, bias
stability, various configurations (such as CE/CS, CB/CG, CC/CD) and their features, small
signal analysis, low frequency transistor models, estimation of voltage gain, input resistance,
output resistance etc., design procedure for particular specifications, low frequency analysis
of multistage amplifiers.
Unit-2 High frequency transistor models, frequency response of single stage and multistage 9(Lectures)
amplifiers, cascode amplifier, various classes of operation (Class A, B, AB, C etc.), their
power efficiency and linearity issues, feedback topologies: Voltage series, current series,
voltage shunt, current shunt, effect of feedback on gain, bandwidth etc., calculation with
practical circuits, concept of stability, gain margin and phase margin.
Unit-3 Oscillators: Review of the basic concept, Barkhausen criterion, RCoscillators (phase shift, 9(Lectures)
Wien bridge etc.), LC oscillators (Hartley, Colpitt, Clapp etc.), non-sinusoidal oscillators.
Current mirror: Basic topology and its variants, V-I characteristics, output resistance and
minimum sustainable voltage (VON), maximum usable load, differential amplifier: Basic
structure and principle of operation, calculation of differential gain, common mode gain,
CMRR and ICMR
Unit-4 Op-Amp design: Design of differential amplifier for a given specification, 9(Lectures)
design of gain stages and output stages, compensation.
Op-Amp applications: Review of inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, integrator and
differentiator, summing amplifier, precision rectifier, Schmitt trigger and its applications,
active filters: Low pass, high pass, band pass and band stop, design guidelines.
(ii) Analog Circuits Laboratory
Note: A minimum of ten experiments from the following should be performed
Exp-1. Characteristic of BJT: Study of BJT in various configurations (such as CE/CS, CB/CG, CC/CD).
Exp-2. BJT in CE configuration: Graphical measurement of h-parameters from input and output
characteristics, measurement of Av, AI, Ro and Ri of CE amplifier with potential divider biasing.
Exp-3. Study of Multi-stage amplifiers: Frequency response of single stage and multistage amplifiers.
Exp-4. Feedback topologies: Study of voltage series, current series, voltage shunt, current shunt, effect
of feedback on gain, bandwidth etc.
Exp-5. Measurement of Op-Amp parameters: Common mode gain, differential mode gain, CMRR,
slew rate.
Exp-6. Applications of Op-Amp: Op-Amp as summing amplifier, difference amplifier, integrator and
differentiator.
Exp-7. Field effect transistors: Single stage common source FET amplifier –plot of gain in dB vs
frequency, measurement of bandwidth, input impedance, maximum signal handling capacity
(MSHC) of an amplifier.
Exp-8. Oscillators: Study of sinusoidal oscillators- RC oscillators (phase shift, Wien bridge etc.).
Exp-9. Study of LC oscillators (Hartley, Colpitt, Clapp etc.),
Exp-10. Study of non-sinusoidal oscillators.
Exp-11. Simulation of amplifier circuits studied in the lab using any available simulation software and
measurement of bandwidth and other parameters with the help of simulation software.
Exp-12. ADC/DAC: Design and study of Analog to Digital Converter.
Exp-13. Design and study of Digital to Analog Converter.
Text/Reference Books:
1. J.V. Wait, L.P. Huelsman and GA Korn, “Introduction to Operational Amplifier theoryand
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

applications,” Mc Graw Hill, 1992.

2. J. Millman and A. Grabel, “Microelectronics,” 2nd edition, McGraw Hill, 1988.
3. P. Horowitz and W. Hill, “The Art of Electronics,” 2nd edition, Cambridge University
Press, 1989.
4. A.S. Sedra and K.C. Smith, “Microelectronic Circuits,” Saunder's College11 Publishing,4th
edition.
5. Paul R. Gray and Robert G. Meyer, “Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits,”John
Wiley, 3rd edition.
6. Muhammad H. Rashid, “Electronic Devices and Circuits,” Cengage publication, 2014.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Understand the characteristics of diodes and transistors.
CO2. Design and analyze various rectifier and amplifier circuits.
CO3. Design sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal oscillators.
CO4. Understand the functioning of OP-AMP and design OP-AMP based circuits.
CO5. Design LPF, HPF, BPF, BSF.
CO6. Design ADC and DAC.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Analog and Digital Communication

Course code ECE206
Category Department Course
Course title Analog and Digital Communication (Theory and Lab)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+1 Semester –IV
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
• To understand the basic principle of a communication system
• To describe and analyze the mathematical techniques of generation, transmission and
• reception of amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM) and phase
• modulation (PM) signals.
• To understand the behavior of a communication system in presence of noise
• To understand the basic concept of Probability and random process for communication applications.
• To convert analog signals to digital format and describe Pulse and Digital Modulation
• techniques.
• To understand the basics of digital modulation techniques.
(i) Analog and Digital Communication
Unit-1 Introduction: Overview of Communication system, communication channels 9 (Lectures)
Need for modulation, Baseband and Passband signals, Amplitude Modulation: Double sideband
with Carrier (DSB-C), Double sideband without Carrier, Single Side Band Modulation, DSB-
SC, DSB-C, SSB Modulators and Demodulators, Vestigial Side Band (VSB), Quadrature
Amplitude Modulator, Radio Transmitter and Receiver.
Unit-2 Angle Modulation, Tone Modulated FM Signal, Arbitrary Modulated FM Signal, FM 9(Lectures)
Modulators and Demodulators, Approximately Compatible SSB Systems, Stereophonic FM
Broadcasting
Unit-3 Review of probability and random process, Gaussian and white noise characteristics, noise in 8(Lectures)
amplitude modulation systems, noise in frequency modulation systems, pre-emphasis and de-
emphasis, threshold effect in angle modulation.
Unit-4 Pulse modulation, sampling process, Pulse Amplitude, Pulse Width Modulation, Pulse 10(Lectures)
Position Modulation, and pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code
modulation. Delta modulation, noise considerations in PCM, Frequency Division
Multiplexing, time division multiplexing, digital multiplexers. Digital modulation schemes-
phase shift keying, frequency shift keying,quadrature amplitude modulation, continuous
phase modulation and minimum shift keying.
(ii) Analog and Digital Communication Laboratory
Note: A minimum of ten experiments from the following should be performed
Exp-1. To study DSB/ SSB amplitude modulation & determine its modulation factor & power in
side bands.
Exp-2. To study amplitude demodulation by linear diode detector.
Exp-3. To study frequency modulation and determine its modulation factor.
Exp-4. To study sampling and reconstruction of pulse amplitude modulation system.
Exp-5. To study pulse amplitude modulation.
i. Using switching method
ii. By sample and hold circuit
Exp-6. To demodulate the obtained PAM signal by 2nd order LPF.
Exp-7. To study pulse width modulation and pulse position modulation.
Exp-8. To study pulse code modulation and demodulation technique.
Exp-9. To study delta modulation and demodulation technique.
Exp-10. To construct a square wave with the help of fundamental frequency and its harmonic
component.
Exp-11. Study of amplitude shift keying modulator and demodulator.
Exp-12. Study of frequency shift keying modulator and demodulator.
Exp-13. Study of phase shift keying modulator and demodulator.
Exp-14. Study of single bit error detection and correction using hamming code.
Exp-15. Study of quadrature phase shift keying modulator and demodulator.
Exp-16. To simulate differential phase shift keying technique using MATLAB/SCILAB software.
Exp-17. To simulate M-ary Phase shift keying technique using MATLAB/SCILAB software
(8PSK,16PSK) and perform BER calculations.
Exp-18. Design a front end BPSK modulator and demodulator.

Text/Reference Books:
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

1. Haykin S., "Communications Systems," John Wiley and Sons, 2001.

2. Proakis J. G. and Salehi M., "Communication Systems Engineering," Pearson Education,2002.
3. Taub H. and Schilling D.L., "Principles of Communication Systems,” Tata McGraw Hill,
2001.
4. Wozencraft J. M. and Jacobs I. M., “Principles of Communication Engineering,” JohnWiley,
1965.
5. Barry J. R., Lee E. A. and Messerschmitt D. G., “Digital Communication,” KluwerAcademic
Publishers, 2004.
6. Proakis J.G., “Digital Communications',' 4th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2000.
7. Abhay Gandhi, “Analog and Digital Communication,” Cengage publication, 2015.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course, students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Analyze and compare different analog modulation schemes for their efficiency and
bandwidth.
CO2. Analyze the behavior of a communication system in presence of noise.
CO3. Investigate pulsed modulation systems and analyze their system performance.
CO4. Investigate various multiplexing techniques.
CO5. Analyze different digital modulation schemes and compute the bit error performance.
CO6. Analyze and compare different analog modulation schemes for their modulation factor
and power.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Microprocessor & Microcontrollers

Course code ECE207
Category Department Course
Course title Microprocessor & Microcontrollers (Theory and Lab)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+1 Semester – IV
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
This subject deals about the basic 8-bit (8085), 16-bit (8086) microprocessors and an 8-bit (8051) microcontrollers,
their architecture, internal organization and their functions, interfacing an external device with the processors/
controllers.
(i) Microprocessor & Microcontrollers
Unit-1 8085 Microprocessor: History and Evolution of Microprocessor and their Classification, 9 (Lectures)
Microprocessor architecture and its operations, Memory, Input & output devices, The 8085
MPU- architecture, Pins and signals, Address / Data Bus multiplexing and demultiplexing.
Status and Control signal generation, Timing Diagrams, Logic devices for interfacing,
Memory interfacing, Interfacing output displays, Interfacing input devices, Memory mapped
I/O, 8085 Interrupts, Classification of instructions, addressing modes,.
Unit-2 16-bit Microprocessors (8086): Architecture, Pin Description, Physical address, 9(Lectures)
segmentation, memory organization, Addressing modes. Peripheral Devices: 8237 DMA
Controller, 8255 programmable peripheral interface, 8253/8254 programmable
timer/counter, 8259 programmable interrupt controller, 8251 USART and RS232C.
Unit-3 8051 Microcontroller Basics: Inside the Computer, Microcontrollers and Embedded 9(Lectures)
Processors, Block Diagram of 8051, PSW and Flag Bits, 8051 Register Banks and Stack,
Internal Memory Organization of 8051, IO Port Usage in 8051, Types of Special Function
Registers and their uses in 8051, Pins Of 8051. Memory Address Decoding, 8031/51
Interfacing With External ROM And RAM. 8051 Addressing Modes. Classification of
instructions.
Unit-4 Block diagram of Advanced Microprocessor, Memory Hierarchy, Cache memory, Virtual 9(Lectures)
memory, Paging & segmentation, Pipe lining – Pipe line hazards. Features and comparison
of 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium IV.
(ii) Microprocessor & Microcontrollers Laboratory
Note: A minimum of ten experiments from the following should be performed
Exp-1. Write a program using 8085 Microprocessor for Decimal, Hexadecimal addition and subtraction of two
Numbers.
Exp-2. Write a program using 8085 Microprocessor for addition and subtraction of two BCD numbers.
Exp-3. To perform multiplication and division of two 8 bit numbers using 8085.
Exp-4. To find the largest and smallest number in an array of data using 8085 instruction set.
Exp-5. To write a program to arrange an array of data in ascending and descending order.
Exp-6. To convert given Hexadecimal number into its equivalent ASCII number and vice versa using 8085
instruction set.
Exp-7. To write a program to initiate 8251 and to check the transmission and reception of character.
Exp-8. To interface 8253 programmable interval timer to 8085 and verify the operation of 8253 in six different
modes.
Exp-9. To interface DAC with 8085 to demonstrate the generation of square, saw tooth and triangular wave.
Exp-10. Serial communication between two 8085 through RS-232 C port.
Exp-11. Write a program of Flashing LED connected to port 1 of the 8051 Micro Controller
Exp-12. Write a program to generate 10 kHz square wave using 8051.
Exp-13. Write a program to show the use of INT0 and INT1 of 8051.
Exp-14. Write a program for temperature & to display on intelligent LCD display.

Text Book:
1. Ramesh Gaonkar, “Microprocessor Architecture, Programming, and Applications with the 8085”,
5th Edition, Penram International Publication (India) Pvt. Ltd.,2009
2. D. V. Hall : Microprocessors Interfacing, TMH (2nd Edition),2006
3. Mazidi Ali Muhammad, Mazidi Gillispie Janice, and McKinlay Rolin D., “The 8051
Microcontroller and Embedded Systems using Assembly and C”, Pearson, 2nd Edition,2006
Reference Books:
1. AK Roy & KM Bhurchandi, “Advance Microprocessor and Peripherals (Architecture,Programming
& Interfacing)”, Tata McGraw Hill Publication.
2. Kenneth L. Short, “Microprocessors and programmed Logic”, 2nd Ed, Pearson Education Inc.,2003.
3. Barry B. Brey, “The Intel Microprocessors, 8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286, 80386, 80486,
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Pentium, PentiumPro Processor, PentiumII, PentiumIII, Pentium IV, Architecture, Programming &
Interfacing”, Eighth Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2009.
4. Shah Satish, “8051 Microcontrollers MCS 51 Family and its variants”, Oxford,2010
5. V. Udayashankara, M.S. Mallikajunaswamy, “8051 Microcontroller Hardware, Software and
Applications”, McGraw-Hill, 2017

Course Outcomes:
Students are able to
CO1. Recall and apply a basic concept of digital fundamentals to Microprocessor based personal computer
system.
CO2. Identify a detailed s/w & h/w structure of the Microprocessor.
CO3. Illustrate how the different peripherals are interfaced with Microprocessor.
CO4. Distinguish and analyze the properties of Microprocessors & Microcontrollers.
CO5. Analyze the data transfer information through serial & parallel ports.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Electronic Design workshop

Course code ECE208
Category Department Course
Course title Electronic Design workshop (Lab)
Scheme and Credits Credits 0+2 Semester – IV
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Exp-1. Study of CRO, Function Generator and DMM.
Exp-2. Study of basic types of Active & Passive Components on the basis of their ratings.
Exp-3. Wire Winding shop: Transformer winding of less than 5VA.
Exp-4. Soldering shop: DC regulated power supply fabrication
Exp-5. Identification of the types of Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) and soldering Techniques.
Exp-6. Introduction to PCB Design software
Exp-7. PCB Lab: a. Artwork & printing of a PCB.
b. Etching & drilling of PCB.
Exp-8. Wiring & fitting shop: Fitting of DC regulated power supply along with a meter in cabinet.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Engineering Electromagnetics
Course code ECE301
Category Department Course
Course title Engineering Electromagnetics (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0 Semester – V
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
• To introduce the basic mathematical concepts related to electromagnetic fields.
• To impart knowledge on the concepts of electrostatics and its applications.
• To impart knowledge on the concepts of magnetostatics, scalar and vector potential and its applications.
• To impart knowledge on the concepts of Faraday’s law, induced emf, Maxwell’s equations, electromagnetic
waves and Transmission lines.
(i) Engineering Electromagnetics
Unit-1 Cartesian, Cylindrical, Spherical transformation, Vector calculus: Differential length, area 8(Lectures)
and volume, line surface and volume integrals, Deloperator, Gradient, Divergence of a vector,
Divergence theorem, Curl of a vector, Stokes’s theorem, Laplacian of a scalar.
Unit-2 Electrostatic fields and Magnetostatic fields: Electric field intensity, Electric field due to 10(Lectures)
charge distribution, Electric flux density, Continuity equation and relaxation time, boundary
conditions, Magneto-static fields, Ampere’s circuit law, Maxwell’s equation, magnetic scalar
and vector potential, Magnetic boundary conditions, Faraday’s Law, transformer and
motional electromotive forces, Displacement current, Maxwell’s equation in final form.
Unit-3 Waves and Applications: Wave propagation in loss dielectrics, Plane waves in lossless 10 (Lectures)
dielectrics Plane wave in free space. Plain waves in good conductors, Power and the pointing
vector, Reflection of a plain wave in a normal incidence & Oblique Incidence.
Wave propagation in parallel plane waveguide, Analysis of waveguide general approach,
Rectangular waveguide, Modal propagation in rectangular waveguide, Surface currents on the
waveguide walls, Field visualization, Attenuation in waveguide.
Unit-4 Transmission Lines: Equations of Voltage and Current on TX line, Propagation constant and 8 (Lectures)
characteristic impedance, and reflection coefficient and VSWR, Impedance Transformation on
Loss-less and Low loss Transmission line, Power transfer on TX line, Smith Chart,
Applications of transmission lines: Impedance Matching, use transmission line sections as
circuit elements.

Text Book/ Reference Books:

1. MNO Sadiku, “Elements of Electromagnetic’, Oxford University Press.
2. WH Hayt and JA Buck, “Engineering Electromagnetic”, McGraw- Hill Education.
3. EC Jordan and KG Balmain - Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems,PHI.
4. Kraus, John D, and Keith R. Carver. “Electromagnetics”,McGraw-Hill.
Course Outcome:
CO1. Understand the basic mathematical concepts related to electromagnetic fields. .
CO2. Apply the principles of electrostatics to the solutions of problems relating to electric field, boundary
conditions and electric energy density.
CO3. Apply the principles of magneto statics to the solutions of problems relating to magnetic
field and magnetic potential, boundary conditions and magnetic energy density.
CO4. Understand the concepts related to Faraday‘s law, induced emf and Maxwell‘s equations.
CO5. Apply Maxwell’s equations to solutions of problems relating to transmission lines and
uniform plane wave propagation.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Introduction to Computer Architecture and Organization

Course code ECE302
Category Department Course
Course title Computer Architecture and Organization (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0 Semester – V
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
• Discuss the basic concepts and computer design methodology.
• Understand concepts of CPU organizations and Instruction sets.
• Explain different types of memory organization.
Unit-1 Introduction to Design Methodology: System Design – System representation, Design 8(Lectures)
Process, the gate level, the register level components and PLD , register level design The
Processor Level: Processor level components, Processor level design
Unit-2 Processor basics: CPU organization- Fundamentals, Additional features Data Representation 9(Lectures)
- Basic formats, Fixed point numbers, Floating point numbers. Instruction sets - Formats,
Types, Programming considerations.
Unit-3 Data path Design: Fixed point arithmetic - Addition and subtraction, Multiplication and 11 (Lectures)
Division, Floating point arithmetic, pipelining.
Control Design: basic concepts - introduction, hardwired control, Micro programmed control
-introduction, multiplier control unit, CPU control unit, Pipeline control- instruction pipelines,
pipeline performance
Unit-4 Memory organization: Multi level memories, Address translation, Memory allocation, 8 (Lectures)
Caches - Main features, Address mapping, structure vs performance, System Organization:
Communication methods- basic concepts, bus control. Introduction to VHDL.

Text Book:
1. John P Hayes "Computer Architecture and Organization", 3rd Edition McGraw Hill Publication. (2017)
2. M Morris Mano, "Computer System Architecture", 3rd Edition ,Pearson,. (2017)

Reference Books:
1. Carl Hamacher, ZvonkoVranesic and SafwatZaky, "Computer Organization and Embedded Systems", McGraw
Hill Publication. (2009)
2. David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy, "Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software
Interface", Elsevier Publication. (2007)

Course Outcomes: At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. understand basic concepts of system design methodology and processor level design.
CO2. explain the basics of processor and basic formats of data representation.
CO3. understand basic concepts of control design and pipeline performance.
CO4. understand the architecture and functionality of central processing unit.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Digital Signal Processing

Course code ECE303
Category Department Course
Course title Digital Signal Processing (Theory and Lab)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+1 Semester – V
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
To describe signals mathematically and understand how to perform mathematical operations on signals.
To provide knowledge of Digital filter.
To discuss multi rate signal processing and application.
(i). Digital Signal Processing
Unit-1 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing: Basic elements of digital signal processing, 10 (Lectures)
advantages and disadvantages of digital signal processing, Technology used for DSP.
Digital Systems Realization: Introduction- basic building blocks to represent a digital system,
recursive and non-recursive systems, basic structures of a digital system: Canonic and Non-
Canonic structures. IIR Filter Realization: Direct form, cascade realization, parallel form
realization, Ladder structures- continued fraction expansion of H (z), example of continued
fraction, realization of a ladder structure, design examples. FIR Filter Realization: Direct,
Cascade, FIR Linear Phase Realization and design examples.
Unit-2 Infinite Impulse Response Digital (IIR) Filter Design: Introduction to Filters, Impulse 10(Lectures)
Invariant Transformation, Bi-Linear Transformation, All- Pole Analog Filters: Butterworth
and Chebyshev, Design of Digital Butterworth and Chebyshev Filters, Frequency
Transformations.
Finite Impulse Response Filter (FIR) Design: Windowing and the Rectangular Window,
Gibb’s phenomenon, Other Commonly Used Windows (Hamming, Hanning, Bartlett,
Blackmann, Kaiser), Examples of Filter Designs Using Windows.
Unit-3 DFT & FFT: Definitions, Properties of the DFT, Circular Convolution, Linear Convolution 7(Lectures)
using Circular Convolution, Decimation in Time (DIT) Algorithm, Decimation in Frequency
(DIF) Algorithm.
Unit-4 Quantization, round off errors and overflow errors. 9(Lectures)
Multirate Digital Signal Processing (MDSP): Introduction, Decimation,
Interpolation, Sampling rate conversion: Single and Multistage, applications of MDSP-
Subband Coding of Speech signals, Quadrature mirror filters, Advantages of MDSP.
(ii). Digital Signal Processing Laboratory
Note: A minimum of ten experiments from the following should be performed
Exp-1. Introduction to MATLAB and or Open Source Software, Scilab
Exp-2. Write a Program for the generation of basic signals such as unit impulse, unit step, ramp, exponential,
sinusoidal and cosine.
Exp-3. Implement IIR Butterworth analog Low Pass for a 5 KHz cut off frequency.
Exp-4. Verify Hamming and Blackman windowing techniques.
Exp-5. Evaluate 4-point DFT of and IDFT of x(n) = 1, 0 ≤ n ≤ 3; 0 elsewhere.
Exp-6. Verify Linear convolution using FFT
Exp-7. Verify Circular Convolution using FFT.
Exp-8. To implement floating point arithmetic.
Exp-9. To study about DSP Processors and architecture of TMS320C6713 DSP processor
Exp-10. Study of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and its inverse (Through Virtual Lab).
Exp-11. Study of FIR filter design using window method: Lowpass and highpass filter (Through Virtual Lab).
Exp-12. Study of FIR filter design using window method: Bandpass and Bandstop filter (Through Virtual Lab).
Exp-13. Study of Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter (Through Virtual Lab).
Virtual Lab Link: http://vlabs.iitkgp.ernet.in/dsp/index.html# & http://vlabs.iitkgp.ernet.in/dsp/

Text Books:
1. John G Prokias, Dimitris G Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing. Pearson , 4th Edition, 2007
2. Johnny R. Johnson, Digital Signal Processing, PHI Learning Pvt Ltd., 2009.
3. S. Salivahanan, A. Vallavaraj, Digital Signal Processing, TMH, 4th Edition 2017.
4. Oppenheim & Schafer, Digital Signal Processing. Pearson Education 2015
5. S.K. Mitra, ‘Digital Signal Processing–A Computer Based Approach, TMH, 4th Edition.

Course Outcomes: At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Design and describe different types of realizations of digital systems (IIR and FIR) and their utilities.
CO2. Select design parameters of analog IIR digital filters (Butterworth and Chebyshev filters) and implement
various methods such as impulse invariant transformation and bilinear transformation of conversion of analog
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

to digital filters.
CO3. Design FIR filter using various types of window functions.
CO4. Define the principle of discrete Fourier transform & its various properties and concept of circular and linear
convolution. Also, students will be able to define and implement FFT i.e. a fast computation method of DFT.
CO5. Define the concept of decimation and interpolation. Also, they will be able to implement it in
various practical applications.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Advanced Electronics System Lab

Course code ECE304
Category Department Course
Course title Advanced Electronics System Lab
Scheme and Credits Credits 0+2 Semester – V
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Note: A minimum of ten experiments from the following should be performed
Part-A (PSPICE Experiments)
Transistor Modeling and Circuits
Exp-1. SPICE parameters for MOSFET transistors.
Exp-2. Transient Analysis of CMOS inverter
Exp-3. DC Analysis (VTC) of CMOS inverter
Exp-4. Transient & DC Analysis of NAND Gate using CMOS inverter.
Exp-5. Transient Analysis of NOR Gate inverter and implementation of XOR gate using NOR gate.
Exp-6. To design and perform transient analysis of D latch using CMOS inverter.
Exp-7. To design and perform the transient analysis of SR latch circuit using CMOS inverter.
Exp-8. Analysis of frequency response of Common Source amplifiers.
Exp-9. Analysis of frequency response of Source Follower amplifiers Timing
Exp-10. MOSFET based Ring oscillators
Exp-11. MOSFET based Relaxation oscillators
Exp-12. MOSFET based Voltage-controlled oscillators
Exp-13. Integration of crystal oscillator into circuits

Part B : HDL (using VHDL program module & verilog Module)

Exp-14. Design and Simulation of Full Adder using VHDL program module
Exp-15. Design and Simulation of 4x1 MUX using VHDL program module
Exp-16. Design and Simulation of BCD to Excess-3 code using VHDL program module
Exp-17. Design and Simulation of 3 to 8 decoder using VHDL program module
Exp-18. Design and Simulation of JK Flip-flop using VHDL program module
Exp-19. Design and Simulation of CMOS Inverter using Verilog Module

Part C : Data Conversion

Exp-20. Analog to Digital Conversion: Successive Approximation ADC
Exp-21. Digital to Analog Conversion: Scaled Resistor Network

Part D : System Considerations

Exp-22. System-level stability: decoupling, ground loops
Exp-23. Basics of EMC and screening
Exp-24. Examples of complete electronic systems.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Control Systems
Course code ECE305
Category Department Course
Course title Control Systems (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0 Semester – VI
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
To understand concepts of the mathematical modeling, feedback control and stability analysis in Time and Frequency
domains
Unit-1 Introduction to Control Systems: Basics of a control system, Feedback type and its effect. 9(Lectures)
Block diagrams Reduction technique and signal flow graphs, Modeling of Physical systems
and its electrical & mechanical systems elements analogous Systems, sensors and encoders in
control systems, Control hardware and their models: potentiometers, synchros, LVDT, dc and
ac servomotors, tacho-generators, electrohydraulic valves, hydraulic servomotors, electro
pneumatic valves, pneumatic actuators.
Unit-2 Stability of Linear Control Systems: Bounded-input bounded-output stability continuous 7(Lectures)
data systems, zero-input and asymptotic stability of continuous data systems, Routh Hurwitz
criterion, Root-Locus Technique: Introduction, Properties of the Root Loci, Design aspects of
the Root Loci.
Unit-3 Time domain Analysis of Control Systems: Time response of continuous data systems, 12 (Lectures)
typical test signals for the time response of control systems, unit step response and time domain
specifications, time response of a first order system, transient response of a prototype second
order system, Steady-State error, Static and dynamic error coefficients, error analysis for
different types of systems.
Frequency Domain Analysis: Resonant peak and Resonant frequency, Bandwidth of the
prototype Second order system, effects of adding a zero to the forward path, effects of adding
a pole to the forward path, polar plot, Nyquist stability criterion, stability analysis with the
Bode plot, relative stability: gain margin and phase margin.
Unit-4 State-Variable Analysis: Concepts of state, state variable, state model, state models for linear 8(Lectures)
continuous time functions, diagonalization of transfer function, solution of state equations,
concept of controllability & observability.
Introduction to Optimal control & Nonlinear control, Nonlinear system – Basic concept &
analysis.

Text Book:
1. I. J. Nagrath & M. Gopal, “Control System Engineering”, 6th Ed. New Age International Publishers, 2018
2. B.C. Kuo & Farid Golnaraghi, “Automatic Control Systems”, 9th Edition, John Wiley India, 2008

Reference Books:
1. Joseph J. Distefano III, Allen R. Stubberud, Ivan J. Williams, “Control Systems”, 3rd Edition, TMH, Special
Indian Edition, 2010.
2. A. Anand Kumar, “Control Systems”, Second Edition, PHI Learning private limited, 2014.
3. William A. Wolovich, “Automatic Control Systems”, Oxford University Press, 2011.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Describe the basics of control systems along with different types of feedback and its effect.
CO2. To explain the techniques such as block diagrams reduction, signal flow graph and modelling of various
physical systems along with modelling of DC servomotor.
CO3. Explain the concept of state variables for the representation of LTI system.
CO4. Interpret the time domain response analysis for various types of inputs along with the time domain
specifications.
CO5. Distinguish the concepts of absolute and relative stability for continuous data systems along with different
methods.
CO6. Interpret the concept of frequency domain response analysis and their specifications.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Data Communication Networks

Course code ECE306
Category Department Course
Course title Data Communication Networks (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0 Semester – VI
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
• To understand the basic concepts of data communication, layered model, protocols and interworking between
computer networks and Different multiple access techniques.
• To understand the security issues related to data communication in networks
Unit-1 Introduction to Data Communications Networks & Internet: Goals and Applications of 8(Lectures)
Networks, The Internet, Protocols & Standards, Layered Tasks, OSI reference Model, TCP /
IP, Addressing, Review of Line Coding techniques.
Unit-2 Physical Layer: Transmission Media- Guided and unguided, Network Topology Design 8(Lectures)
Data Link Layer: Error detection and Correction, Framing, Flow and Error Control Protocols,
Noiseless Channel and Noisy Channel Protocol, HDLC, Point-to-Point Protocol
Unit-3 Multiple Access: RANDOM, CDMA, CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA, Controlled Access, 12 (Lectures)
Channelization Wired LANs: IEEE Standards, Standard Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit
Ethernet, Wireless LAN IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth IEEE 802.16.
Network Layer: Design Issues. Routing Algorithms, Broadcast and Multicast routing.
Congestion control Algorithms. Internetworking –TCP/IP, IP Packet, IPv4 and IPv6 Protocols,
IPV4 Addresses, Connecting Devices, Virtual LAN IPV6 Addresses.
Unit-4 Transport Layer Protocol: UDP and TCP, ATM, Cryptography, Network Security, Session 8(Lectures)
Layer-Design issues.
Application Layer: File Transfer, Electronic mail, HTTP, WWW, SMTP, Cryptography,
Network Security.

Text Books:
B. A. Forouzan, “Data Communications and Networking”, 5th Edition, TMH, 2017.

Reference Books:
1. S. Tanenbaum, “Computer Networks”, 4th Edition, Pearson, 2013.
2. W. Stallings, “Data and Computer Communication”, 8th Edition, Pearson, 2007.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Identify the issues and challenges in the architecture of a network.
CO2. Analyze the services and features of various protocol layers in data layer.
CO3. Demonstrate the knowledge of multiple access to design a access technique for a particular application.
CO4. Realize protocols at different layers of a network hierarchy.
CO5. Recognize security issues in a network and various application of application layer.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation

Course code ECE307
Category Department Course
Course title Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation (Theory and Lab)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+1 Semester – VI
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
To introduce to the students the operation of various electronic Instruments which are used to measure the electronic
parameters.
(i). Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation
Unit-1 Unit, dimensions and standards: Scientific notations and metric prefixes. SI electrical units, 9 (Lectures)
SI temperature scales, Other unit systems, dimensions and standards.
Measurement Errors: Gross error, systematic error, absolute error and relative error,
accuracy, precision, resolution and significant figures, Measurement error combination, basics
of statistical analysis.
Review of indicating and integrating instruments: PMMC instrument, Galvanometer, DC
ammeter, DC voltmeter, Series ohm meter.
Unit-2 Electronic Instruments : Transistor voltmeter circuits, AC electronic voltmeter, current 9(Lectures)
measurement with electronic instruments, probes
Digital voltmeter systems, Digital multimeter, digital frequency meter System. Instrument
calibration: Comparison method, digital multimeter as standard instrument, calibration
instrument, Recorders: X-Y recorders, plotters Transducers.
Unit-3 Measuring Methods: Voltmeter and ammeter methods, Wheatstone bridge, low resistance 10(Lectures)
measurements, Low Resistance Measuring Instruments, AC bridge theory, capacitance
bridges, Inductance bridges, Q meter.
CRO: CRT, Wave Form Display, Time Base, Dual Trace Oscilloscope, measurement of
voltage, frequency and phase by CRO, Oscilloscope probes, Delay time based
Oscilloscopes, Sampling Oscilloscope, DSO, DSO applications.
Unit-4 Instrumentation: Transducers, classification & selection of transducers, strain gauges, 8(Lectures)
Thermistors, Thermocouples, LVDT, Inductive & capacitive transducers, Piezoelectric and
Hall-effect transducers, Measurement of motion, force, pressure, temperature, flow and liquid
level, basic concepts of smart sensors and application, Data Acquisition Systems
(ii). Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation Laboratory
Exp-1. Study of semiconductor diode voltmeter and its use as DC average responding AC voltmeter.
Exp-2. Study of L.C.R. Bridge and determination of the value of the given components.
Exp-3. Study of distortion factor meter and determination of the % distortion of the given oscillator.
Exp-4. Study of the transistor tester and determination of the parameters of the giventransistors.
Exp-5. Study of the following transducer (i) PT-100 transducer (ii) J- type transducer (iii) K-type transducer
(iv) Pressure transducer
Exp-6. Measurement of phase difference and frequency using CRO (Lissajous Figure)
Exp-7. Measurement of low resistance Kelvin’s double bridge.
Exp-8. To measure unknown capacitance of small capacitors by using Schering’s bridge.
Exp-9. To measure unknown Inductance using Hay’s bridge.
Exp-10. To measure unknown frequency using Wein’s frequency bridge.

Text Book:
1. David A. Bell, “Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements”, Oxford UniversityPress.
2. A K Sawhney, “Electrical & Electronic Measurement & Instrument”, DhanpatRai& Sons,
India (1976)
3. BC Nakra& K. Chaudhary, “Instrumentation, Measurement and Analysis,” Tata McGraw
Hill 2nd Edition (2006)
4. Purkait, “Electrical & Electronics Measurement & Instrumentation”, TMH (2004)

Reference Books:
1. Forest K. Harris, “Electrical Measurement”, Willey Eastern Pvt. Ltd. India (2003)
2. M. Stout , “Basic Electrical Measurement”, Prentice Hall of India (1970)
3. WD Cooper, “Electronic Instrument & Measurement Technique”, Prentice Hall International(2001)
4. EW Golding & F.C. Widdis, “Electrical Measurement &Measuring Instrument”, AW sWheeler & Co. Pvt.
Ltd. India(2002)
5. Oliver and Cage, “Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation”, Tata McGrawHill Publication.
6. Alan S. Morris, “Measurement and Instrumentation Principles”, Elsevier (Buterworth Heinmann).
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Course Outcomes:
Students would be able to:
CO1. Understand operation of different instruments.
CO2. Describe different terminology related to measurements.
CO3. Understand the various types of instrument calibration techniques.
CO4. Under the operation of different type of transducers.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Mini Project
Course code ECE308
Category Department Course
Course title Mini Project
Scheme and Credits Credits 0+2 Semester – VI
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Guidelines:
1. The mini-project is a team activity having 3-4 students in a team. This is electronic productdesign
work with a focus on electronic circuit design.
2. The mini project may be a complete hardware or a combination of hardware and software.The
software part in mini project should be less than 50% of the total work.
3. Mini Project should cater to a small system required in laboratory or real life.
4. It should encompass components, devices, analog or digital ICs, micro controller with which
functional familiarity is introduced.
5. After interactions with course coordinator and based on comprehensive literature survey/ need
analysis, the student shall identify the title and define the aim and objectives of mini- project.
6. Student is expected to detail out specifications, methodology, resources required, critical issues
involved in design and implementation and submit the proposal within first week of the semester.
7. The student is expected to exert on design, development and testing of the proposed work asper the
schedule.
8. Art work and Layout should be made using CAD based PCB simulation software. Due considerations
should be given for power requirement of the system, mechanical aspects for enclosure and control
panel design.
9. Completed mini project and documentation in the form of mini project report is to be
submitted at the end of semester.
10. The tutorial sessions should be used for discussion on standard practices used for electronic
circuits/product design, converting the circuit design into a complete electronic product, PCB design
using suitable simulation software, estimation of power budget analysis of the product,front panel
design and mechanical aspects of the product, and guidelines for documentation
/report writing.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Conceive a problem statement either from rigorous literature survey or from the requirementsraised from need
analysis.
CO1. Design, implement and test the prototype/algorithm in order to solve the conceived problem.
CO2. Write comprehensive report on mini project work.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Project Work-I
Course code ECE402
Category Department Course
Course title Project Work-I
Scheme and Credits Credits 0+5 Semester – VII
Pre-requisites (if any) -
The object of Project Work I is to enable the student to take up investigative study in the broad field of
Electronics & Communication Engineering, either fully theoretical/practical or involving both
theoretical and practical work to be assigned by the Department on an individual basis or two/three
students in a group, under the guidance of a supervisor. This is expected to provide a good initiation
for the student(s) in R&D work. The assignment to normally include:
1. Survey and study of published literature on the assigned topic.
2. Working out a preliminary Approach to the Problem relating to the assigned topic.
3. Conducting preliminary Analysis/Modelling/Simulation/Experiment/Design/Feasibility.
4. Preparing a Written Report on the Study conducted for presentation to the Department.
5. Final Seminar, as oral Presentation before a departmental committee.

Project Work-II
Course code ECE403
Category Department Course
Course title Project Work-II
Scheme and Credits Credits 0+8 Semester – VIII
Pre-requisites (if any) -
The object of Project Work is to enable the student to extend further the investigative study taken up under ECE402,
either fully theoretical/practical or involving both theoretical and practical work, under the guidance of a Supervisor
from the Department alone or jointly with a Supervisor drawn from R&D laboratory/Industry. This is expected to
provide a good training for the student(s) in R&D work and technical leadership. The assignment to
normally include:
1. In depth study of the topic assigned in the light of the Report prepared under EC P1;
2. Review and finalization of the Approach to the Problem relating to the assigned topic;
3. Preparing an Action Plan for conducting the investigation, including team work;
4. Detailed Analysis/Modelling/Simulation/Design/Problem Solving/Experiment as needed;
5. Final development of product/process, testing, results, conclusions and future directions;
6. Preparing a paper for Conference presentation/Publication in Journals, if possible;
7. Preparing a Dissertation in the standard format for being evaluated by the Department.
8. Final Seminar Presentation before a Departmental Committee.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

ECE Department Elective Courses

Detailed Syllabus
Information Theory and Coding
Course code ECEL301
Category Department Elective Course
Course title Information Theory and Coding (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
To provide an insight into the concept of information theory and coding in the context of communication theory
and its significance in the design of communication receivers.
Unit-1 Basics of information theory; Entropy: Entropy, Joint Entropy & Conditional Entropy, 8(Lectures)
Relative Entropy & Mutual Information and their relationship, Chain Rules for Entropy,
Introduction and applications of Jensen’s Inequality, Log Sum Inequality, Data-
Processing Inequality, Fano’s Inequality. Asymptotic Equipartition Property (AEP)
Theorem.
Unit-2 Consequences of the AEP: Data Compression techniques, High-Probability Sets and the 9(Lectures)
Set Data Compression: types of Codes, Optimal Codes and Optimal Code Length, Kraft
Inequality: Basics and its use in Uniquely Decodable Codes, Huffman Codes and its
Optimality, Shannon–Fano–Elias Coding technique.
Unit-3 Channel Capacity: Properties, Channel Capacity for Various Binary Channels, 10 (Lectures)
Symmetric Channels, Channel Coding Theorem, Channel capacity Theorem, Jointly
Typical Sequences.
Block Codes: Introduction, Single-parity check codes, Product codes, Repetition codes,
Hamming codes, Minimum distance of block codes, Soft-decision decoding, Automatic-
repeat-request schemes.
Unit-4 Linear Block codes: Definition of linear Block Codes, Generator matrices, Standard 9(Lectures)
array, Parity-check matrices, Error detection and correction.
Convolution codes: Encoding convolutional codes, Generator matrices for convolutional
codes, Generator polynomials for convolutional codes, Graphical representation of
convolutional codes, Viterbi Algorithm, Binary Cycle Codes, BCH codes. RS codes,
Golay codes.
Text Books:
1. Bose, Information Theory, Coding and Cryptography, McGraw-Hill Education, 3rd Edition,
(2016).
2. Joy A. Thomas, Thomas M. Cover, “Elements of information theory”, Wiley-Interscience; 2nd edition
(July 18, 2006).
3. S. Gravano, “Introduction to Error Control Codes” OUP Oxford (24 May 2001).
4. Robert B. Ash, “Information Theory”, Dover Publications (November 1, 1990).
5. Todd k Moon, “Error Correction Coding: Mathematical Methods and Algorithms ” Wiley, 2005.
Reference Books:
1. Simon Haykin, “Digital communication”, John Wiley.
2. Ranjan Bose, “ITC and Cryptography”, Tata McGraw-Hill.
3. Roberto Togneri, Christopher J.S deSilva, “Fundamentals of Information Theory and
Coding Design”, CRC Press.

Course Outcomes: At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Explain each block involved in digital communication thoroughly with applications.
CO2. Apply the knowledge of basic concepts of probability and entropies to analyze the behavior of a
communication system.
CO3. Analyze the use of source coding and evaluating all the techniques of source coding.
CO4. Examine the significance of channel coding and evaluating all available techniques of channel coding and
decoding with challenges.
CO5. Examine various error control coding techniques.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Speech Processing
Course code ECEL302
Category Department Elective Course
Course title Speech Processing (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
The course provides an introduction to speech processing oriented to human-computer interaction.
Unit-1 Digital models for speech signals: speech signal production mechanism, acoustic phonetics, 6(Lectures)
acoustic theory to produce speech signals, lossless tubemodels, and digital models for speech
signals.
Unit-2 Time domain methods of speech sampling: Time dependent processing of speech, short time 10(Lectures)
energy and average magnitude, short time average zero crossing rate, discrimination between
speech & silence, pitch period estimation using parallel processing, short time autocorrelation
function & AMDF, pitch period estimation using autocorrelation function.
Unit-3 Short time Fourier analysis: Definition and properties, design of filter banks, 10 (Lectures)
implementation of filter bank summation method using FFT, spectrographic displays, pitch
detection, analysis by synthesis phase, vocoder.
Homomorphic speech processing: Homomorphic system for convolution,complex
cepstrum of speech, pitch detection using Homomorphic processing,
formant estimation, Homomorphic vocoder.
Unit-4 Linear predictive coding of speech: Basic principles of linear predictive analysis, the 10(Lectures)
autocorrelation method, computation of the gain for the model, solution of LPC equations for
auto correlation method, prediction error and normalized mean square error, frequency domain
interpretation of mean squared prediction error relation of linear predictive analysis to lossless
tube models, relation between various speech parameters, synthesis of speech from linear
predictive parameters, application of LPC parameters.

Text Book:
1. R. L. Rabiner & R.W. Schafer, “Digital Processing of speech signals”, Pearson Education, 2004.
2. B. Gold and Nelson Morgon, “Speech and audio signal processing”, Wiley India Edition, 2006.
Reference Books:
1. D O Shaughnessy, “Speech Communication: Human and Machine” May 29, 2012.
2. J L Flanagan, “Speech Analysis, Synthesis and Perception” October 11, 2012.
3. John Coleman, “Digital Speech Processing: Synthesis, and Recognition” by Sadaoki Furui, “Introducing Speech
and Language Processing” 2nd edition, November 17, 2000.

Course Outcome: At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Describe the mechanism of speech production & acoustic phonetics, the acoustic theory of speech
production, lossless tube models.
CO2. Explain time dependent processing of speech, short time energy and average magnitude, short time average
zero crossing rate.
CO3. Design filter banks, implement filter banks and perform summation method using FFT.
CO4. Evaluate homomorphic system for convolution, complex cepstrum of speech, pitch detection using
Homomorphic processing.
CO5. Interpret the basic principles of linear predictive analysis, the autocorrelation method, computation of the
gain for the model, solution of LPC equations.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

VLSI Technology
Course code ECEL303
Category Department Elective Course
Course title VLSI Technology (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
• To introduce the fundamental concepts relevant to VLSI fabrication.
• To enable the students to understand the various VLSI fabrication techniques.
Unit-1 Introduction To IC Technology: SSI, MSI, LSI, VLSI Integrated Circuits. Crystal Growth 8(Lectures)
and Wafer Preparation: Electronic Grade Silicon, Czochralski Crystal Growth, Silicon
Shaping, Processing Considerations. Wafer Cleaning Technology - Basic Concepts, Wet
cleaning, Dry cleaning
Unit-2 Epitaxy: Vapor-Phase Epitaxy, Molecular Beam Epitaxy, Silicon on Insulators, Epitaxial 9(Lectures)
Evaluation.
Oxidation: Growth Kinetics, Thin Oxides, Oxidation Techniques and Systems, Oxides
Properties
Unit-3 Optical Lithography, Electron beam lithography, Photo masks, Wet Chemical Etching, 11 (Lectures)
Deposition Processes of Polysilicon, Silicon Dioxide, Silicon Nitride; Models of diffusion in
solids, Fick’s 1-Dimensional diffusion equation, Diffusion of Impurities in Silicon and Silicon
Dioxide, Diffusion Equations, Diffusion Profiles, Diffusion Furnace, Solid, Liquid and
Gaseous Sources, Ion-Implantation: Ion-Implantation Technique, Range Theory, Implantation
Equipment.
Unit-4 Metallization: Metallization Application, Metallization Choices, Physical Vapor Deposition, 08(Lectures)
Vacuum Deposition, Sputtering Apparatus.
Packaging of VLSI devices: Package Types, Packaging Design Consideration, VLSI
Assembly Technologies, Package Fabrication Technologies, CMOS fabrication steps.

Text Books:

1. S. M. Sze, "VLSI Technology", McGraw Hill Publication, 2nd Edition 2017

2. S.K. Ghandhi, "VLSI Fabrication Principles", Willy-India Pvt. Ltd, 2008

Reference Books:
1. J. D. Plummer, M. D. Deal and Peter B. Griffin, “Silicon VLSI Technology: Fundamentals, Practice and
Modeling", Pearson Education Publication, 2009
2. Stephen A. Campbell, "Fabrication Engineering at the Micro and Nano scale", Oxford University Press, 2013

Course Outcomes: At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Interpret the basics of crystal growth, wafer preparation and wafer cleaning.
CO2. Evaluate the process of Epitaxy and oxidation.
CO3. Differentiate the lithography, etching and deposition process.
CO4. Analyze the process of diffusion and ion implantation.
CO5. Express the basic process involved in metallization and packaging.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Biomedical Instrumentation
Course code ECEL304
Category Department Elective Course
Course title Biomedical Instrumentation (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
The basic objective of this course is to provide the fundamental knowledge of Bio-medical Instrumentation, the
science associated with the measurement of biological variables.
Unit-1 Introduction: Specifications of bio-medical instrumentation system, Man- Instrumentation 8(Lectures)
system Components, Problems encountered in measuring aliving system. Basics of
Anatomy and Physiology of the body. Bioelectricpotentials: Resting and action
potentials, propagation of action potential, ThePhysiological potentials – ECG, EEG,
EMG, ERG, EOG and Evokedresponses. Electrodes and Transducers: Electrode theory,
BiopotentialElectrodes – Surface electrodes, Needle electrodes, Microelectrodes,
Biomedical Transducer.
Unit-2 Cardiovascular Measurements: Electrocardiography – ECG amplifiers, Electrodes and 8(Lectures)
Leads, ECG –Single channel, Three channel, Vector Cardiographs, ECG System for Stresses
testing, Holter recording, Blood pressure measurement, Heart sound measurement.
Pacemakers and Defibrillators. Patient Care & Monitoring: Elements of intensive care
monitoring, displays, diagnosis, Calibration & Reparability of patient
monitoring equipment.
Unit-3 Respiratory system Measurements: Physiology of Respiratory system. Measurement of 12 (Lectures)
breathing mechanism – Spirometer. Respiratory Therapy equipments: Inhalators, Ventilators
& Respirators, Humidifiers, and Nebulizers & Aspirators. Nervous System Measurements:
Physiology of nervous system, Neuronal communication, Neuronal firing measurements.
Ophthalmology Instruments: Electroretinogram, Electro -oculogram, Ophthalmoscope,
Tonometer for eye pressure measurement. Diagnostic techniques: Ultrasonic diagnosis, Eco
- cardiography, Eco-encephalography, Ophthalmic scans, X-ray & Radio-isotope diagnosis
and therapy, CAT-Scan,
Emission computerized tomography, MRI
Unit-4 Bio-telemetry: The components of a Bio-telemetry system, Implantable units, Telemetry for 08(Lectures)
ECG measurements during exercise, for Emergency patient monitoring. Prosthetic Devices
and Therapies: Hearing Aides, Myoelectric Arm, Dia-thermy, Laser applications in medicine.

Text Book:
1. R. S. Khandpur, “Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation”, 3rd Ed., Mc Graw Hill Education.
2. Cromwell, “Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurements” PHI
3. Chatterjee & Miller, “Biomedical Instrumentation Systems,” Cengage.
4. S. K. Venkata Ram, “Bio-Medical Electronics &Instrumentation (Revised)”, Galgotia.
Reference Books:
1. J. G. Webster (editor), “Medical Instrumentation Application & Design”, 3rd Ed WILEY, India
2. J. G. Webster, “Bio- Instrumentation”, Wiley
3. S. Ananthi, “A Text Book of Medical Instruments”, New Age International
4. Carr & Brown, “Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology”, Pearson
Course Outcomes: At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Describe the Man-Instrumentation system Components, Problems encountered in
measuringliving system.
CO2. Design Electrocardiography – ECG amplifiers, Electrodes and Leads, ECG –Single
channel, Three channel, Vector Cardiographs, ECG System for Stresses testing, Holter
recording, Bloodpressure measurement.
CO3. Realization of Physiology of Respiratory system. Measurement of breathing
mechanismSpirometer. Respiratory Therapy equipments.
CO4. Recognize the basics of Electroretinogram, Electro -oculogram, Ophthalmoscope,
Tonometer foreye pressure measurement. Diagnostic techniques.
CO5. Classify the components of a Bio-telemetry system, Implantable units, Telemetry
for ECGmeasurements during exercise.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

CMOS VLSI Design

Course code ECEL305
Category Department Elective Course
Course title CMOS VLSI Design (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
• To learn basic CMOS Circuits.
• To learn techniques of chip design using programmable devices.
• To learn the concepts of designing VLSI Subsystems
• To learn the concepts of VLSI testing
Unit-1 Introduction: VLSI Design flow, general design methodologies; critical path and worst case 8(Lectures)
timing analysis, overview of design hierarchy, layers of abstraction, integration density and
Moore's law, VLSI design styles,
packaging, CMOS Logic, Propagation Delay definitions, sheet resistance.
Unit-2 Interconnect Parameters: Resistance, Inductance, and Capacitance, skineffect and its 8(Lectures)
influence , lumped RC Model, the distributed RC Model, transient Response, RC delay
model, Linear Delay Model, Logical Effort ofPaths, Scaling.
Unit-3 Dynamic CMOS design: steady-state behavior of dynamic gate circuits, noise 10 (Lectures)
considerations in dynamic design, charge sharing, cascading dynamic gates, domino logic,
np-CMOS logic, problems in single-phase clocking, two- phase non-overlapping clocking
scheme, Sequential CMOS Logic Circuits, Layout design.
Semiconductor Memories: Dynamic Random Access Memories (DRAM),Static RAM,
non-volatile memories, flash memories, Pipeline Architecture.
Unit-4 Low – Power CMOS Logic Circuits: Introduction, Overview of PowerConsumption, 10(Lectures)
Low – Power Design through voltage scaling,
Introduction to Testing: Faults in digital circuits. Modeling of faults, Functional Modeling
at the Logic Level, Functional Modeling at the Register, Structural Model and Level of
Modeling.
Design for Testability, Ad Hoc Design for Testability Techniques, Controllability and
Observability, Introduction to Built-in-self-test (BIST) Concept.
Text Book:
1. Sung-Mo Kang & Yosuf Leblebici, “CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits: Analysis &Design”,Mcgraw
Hill, 4th Edition.
2. Neil H.E.Weste, David Money Harris, “CMOS VLSI Design – A circuits and SystemsPerspective”
Pearson, 4th Edition.
3. D. A. Pucknell and K. Eshraghian, “Basic VLSI Design: Systems and Circuits”, PHI, 3rd Ed.,1994.
Reference Books:
1. R. J. Baker, H. W. Li, and D. E. Boyce, "CMOS circuit design, layout, and simulation", Wiley-IEEE
Press, 2007.
2. M. Abramovici, M.A. Breuer and A.D. Friedman, "Digital Systems and Testable Design",Jaico
Publishing House.

Course Outcomes: At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Express the concept of VLSI design and CMOS circuits and delay study.
CO2. Analyze mathematical methods and circuit analysis models in analysis of CMOS digital
electronics circuits.
CO3. Design and analyze various combinational & sequential circuits based on CMOS technology.
CO4. Examine power logic circuits and different semiconductor memories used in present day
technology.
CO5. Interpret faults in digital circuits, Fault Models and various Testing Methodologies.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Power Electronics
Course code ECEL306
Category Department Elective Course
Course title Power Electronics (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
• The course focuses on presenting the fundamental concepts on conversion, control and monitoring of electric
energy using power electronic devices.
Unit-1 Introduction to Power Switching Devices: Description of working & constructional features, 10(Lectures)
Switching Characteristics, ratings and Applications of Power Transistor, Power MOSFET,
SCR, DIAC, TRIAC, IGBT and MCT.
SCR Performance and Applications: Protection of SCR, SCR Triggering and Commutation
Circuits/Methods, Series and Parallel operation of SCR, two transistor model of SCR,
Describe Construction & Working of Opto- Isolators, Opto-TRIAC, Opto-SCR.
Unit-2 Power Converter Performance & Applications: Introduction to Basic Power Converters 8(Lectures)
Architecture - Single Phase, thereperformance under different types of Loads, Average/RMS
output Voltage & Current, Freewheeling Diode, Feedback Diode, State Relay using Opto
SCR, SMPS and UPS functioning through Block Diagrams.
Unit-3 Timers & Delay Elements, High Frequency Power Heating, Sensor and Actuators: 10 (Lectures)
RC Base Constant Timers, Timer Circuits using SCR, IC-555, Programmable Timer and
their Industrial Applications, Induction Heating and Dielectric Heating System and Their
Applications, Sensors, Transducers, and Transmitters for Measurement, Control &
Monitoring : Thermoresistive Transducer, Photoconductive Transducers, Pressure
Transducers, Flow Transducers, Level Sensors, Speed Sensing, Vibration Transducers,
Variable-Frequency Drives, Stepper Motors and Servomotor Drives.
Unit-4 Automation and Control: 8(Lectures)
Data Communications for Industrial Electronics, Telemetry, SCADA& Automation, AC &
DC Drives, Voltage & Power Factor Control through Solid State Devices, Soft Switching,
Industrial Robots.

Text Books:
1. M.H. Rashid, “Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices & Applications”, Pearson, 4rd Edition, 2013.
2. P.C.Sen, “Power Electronics”, McGraw Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd 2nd Ed, 2017
3. V.R. Moorthy, “Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits and Industrial Applications” Oxford University Press,
2007.
4. B. Paul, Industrial Electronic and Control, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited (2004).
5. Ned Mohan, T.M. Undeland and W.P. Robbins, “Power Electronics: Converters, Applications and Design”,
Wiley India Ltd, 2008.
6. P.S. Bhimbra, “Power Electronics”, Khanna Publishers.

Reference Books:
1. Thomas E. Kissell, Industrial Electronics: Applications for Programmable Controllers, Instrumentation
and Process Control, and Electrical Machines and Motor Controls, 3rd edition, 2003, Prentice Hall.
2. Chakrabarti & Rai, “Fundamentals of Power Electronics & Drives” Dhanpat Rai & Sons.
3. S.N.Singh, “A Text Book of Power Electronics” Dhanpat Rai &Sons.
4. G.K. Dubey, Power Semiconductor Controlled Drives, Prentice Hall inc. (1989).

Course Outcomes: At the end of this course students will be able to:
CO1. Describe the characteristics, operation of power switching devices and identify their ratings
andapplications.
CO2. Recognize the requirement of SCR Protection and describe the Functioning of SCR.
CO3. Analyze and design Power Converter based on SCR for various Industrial Applications.
CO4. Explain High Frequency Heating Systems, Timers, Relevant Sensors & Actuator and their
application in industrial setting.
CO5. Explain and apply Data Communication, Telemetry & SCADA System in industrial applications.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Nano Electronics
Course code ECEL401
Category Department Elective Course
Course title Nano Electronics (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
To provide students with knowledge and understanding of physical background and applications of nanoelectronics.
Unit-1 Overview: Nano devices, Nano materials, Nano characterization. Introduction to nano- 9(Lectures)
electronics, CMOS technology scaling issues, Design techniques for nanoscale transistors
Unit-2 Materials for nanoelectronics: Semiconductors, Crystal lattices: bonding in crystals, Electron 9(Lectures)
energy bands, Semiconductor heterostructures, Lattice-matched and pseudomorphic
heterostructures, Inorganic nanowires, Organic semiconductors , Carbon nanomaterials:
nanotubes and fullerenes.
Unit-3 Shrink-down approaches: Introduction, CMOS Scaling, MOS Electrical characterization, 9(Lectures)
Non classical MOSFETs: overview and carrier transport in NanoMOSFETs, Silicon on
Insulator (SOI) MOSFET, FINFETs, Vertical MOSFETs, limits to scaling, system
integration limits (interconnect issues etc.)
Unit-4 Resonant Tunneling Diode, Coulomb dots, Quantum blockade, Single electron transistors, 9(Lectures)
2D semiconductors and electronic devices, Graphene, atomistic simulation

Text/ Reference Books:

1. G.W. Hanson, Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics, Pearson, 2009.
2. W. Ranier, Nanoelectronics and Information Technology (Advanced ElectronicMaterial and Novel Devices),
Wiley-VCH, 2003.
3. K.E. Drexler, Nanosystems, Wiley, 1992.
4. J.H. Davies, The Physics of Low-Dimensional Semiconductors, Cambridge UniversityPress, 1998.
5. C.P. Poole, F. J. Owens, Introduction to Nanotechnology, Wiley, 2003.
6. Introduction to Nano Science and Technology by S.M. Lindsay.
7. Supriyo Dutta -Lessons from Nanoscience: A Lecture Note Series, World Scientific (2012).
8. Supriyo Dutta --Quantum Transport- Atom to Transistor, Cambridge University Press (2005).
9. Introduction to Nanoelectronics : Science, Nanotechnology, Engineering & Applications by Vladimir.V.Mitin.
10. NPTEL Link: https://nptel.ac.in/courses/117108047

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Understand various aspects of nano-technology and the processes involved in makingnano
components and material.
CO2. Leverage advantages of the nano-materials and appropriate use in solving practicalproblems.
CO3. Understand various aspects of nano-technology and the processes involved in makingnano components
and material.
CO4. Leverage advantages of the nano-materials and appropriate use in solving practical problems.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Satellite Communication
Course code ECEL402
Category Department Elective Course
Course title Satellite Communication (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
To introduce various aspects in the design of systems for satellite communication.
Unit-1 Introduction to Satellite Communication: History, Overview of Satellite 9(Lectures)
Communication, Types of Satellite, Types of Orbit, Satellite services, Advantages &
Applications of Satellite communication, Satellite Life phases, Space Debris, Introduction
to Geo-synchronous and Geo-stationary satellites.
Unit-2 Orbital Mechanics: Orbital Mechanics, Kepler’s Three laws of Planetary Motion, 9(Lectures)
Developing the Equations of the orbit, Look Angle Determination, Earth Stations, Orbital
Perturbations, Orbital effects in Communication system performance.
Satellite Sub-systems: Seven segments of Satellite communication, Attitude and Orbit
control systems, Telemetry, Tracking and command control system, Power supply system.
Unit-3 Satellite Link Design: Basic transmission theory, System noise temperature and G/T 9(Lectures)
ratio, Design of down link and uplink, Design of satellite links for specified
C/N.
Introduction to Various Satellite Systems: VSAT, Direct broadcast satellitetelevision
and radio, Satellite navigation and the Global positioning systems, GPS position location
principle, GPS receivers and codes, Satellite Signal Acquisition, GPS navigation
Message, GPS Signal Levels, Timing Accuracy, GPS Receiver
Operation.
Unit-4 Launchers & Advanced Technologies: Mechanism of Satellite launching, Launch 9(Lectures)
Vehicles, Advanced launching tech like Space X, Intelligent Testing, Control and Decision
making for Space, Inter Satellite Link.
Indian Satellite Systems: History and Overview of Indian Satellite System,
Achievements, GSLV, PSLV, Advanced Technology Vehicle.

Text Books:
1. B.Pratt, A.Bostian, “Satellite Communications”, Wiley India, 2nd Edition,2006.
2. D. Roddy, “Satellite Communications”, TMH, 4th Edition, 2001.
3. Digital Satellite Communications/ Tri T. Ha./ McGraw-Hill, 2nd Edition
4. D.C. Agrawal, Satellite communication, Khanna Publishers; 7th Edition.

Course Outcomes: At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Define and list the benefits of satellite communication.
CO2. Demonstrate orbital mechanics principles of satellite communication systems and
solve problems related to it.
CO3. Describe a satellite link and identify ways to improve the link performance.
CO4. Classify new technologies of satellite communication systems as per given specifications.
CO5. Examine advanced technologies of satellite launching and describe the Indian satellite system.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Microwave Theory and Techniques

Course code ECEL403
Category Department Elective Course
Course title Microwave Theory and Techniques (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
To build up the concept from basics of microwave communications to modern applications
Unit-1 Introduction to Microwaves-History of Microwaves, Microwave Frequency bands 11(Lectures)
Rectangular Wave Guide: Field Components, TE, TM Modes, Dominant TE10 mode, Field
Distribution, Power, Attenuation.
Circular Waveguides: TE, TM modes. Wave Velocities, Microstrip Transmission line (TL),
Coupled TL, Strip TL, Coupled Strip Line, CoplanarTL, Microwave Cavities,
Microwave Network Analysis- Equivalent voltages and currents for non-TEM lines, Network
parameters for microwave circuits, Scattering Parameters
Unit-2 Passive and Active Microwave Devices- Microwave passive components: Directional Coupler, 9(Lectures)
Power Divider, Magic Tee, Attenuator, Resonator. Microwave active components: Diodes,
Transistors, Oscillators, Mixers. Microwave Semiconductor Devices: Gunn Diodes, IMPATT
diodes, Schottky Barrier diodes, PIN diodes. Microwave Tubes: Klystron, TWT, Magnetron.
Unit-3 Microwave Measurements- Power, Frequency and impedance measurement at microwave 8(Lectures)
frequency, Network Analyzer and measurement of scattering parameters, Spectrum
Analyzer and measurement of spectrum of a microwave signal, Noise at microwave
frequency and measurement of noise figure. Measurement of Microwave antenna
parameters.
Unit-4 Microwave Systems- Radar, Terrestrial and Satellite Communication, Radio Aids to 8(Lectures)
Navigation, RFID, GPS. Modern Trends in Microwaves Engineering- Effect of Microwaves
on human body, Medical and Civil applications of microwaves, Electromagnetic interference,
and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMI & EMC), Monolithic Microwave ICs, RFMEMS for
microwave components, Microwave Imaging.

Text/Reference Books:
1. Samuel Y. Liao, "Microwave Devices and Circuits", Pearson Education Publication.
2. R.E. Collins, Microwave Circuits, McGraw Hill
3. K.C. Gupta and I.J. Bahl, Microwave Circuits, Artech house
4. A. Das and S.K. Das," Microwave Engineering", Tata McGraw Hill Publication.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Understand various microwave system components their properties.
CO2. Appreciate that during analysis/ synthesis of microwave systems, the differentmathematical treatment is
required compared to general circuit analysis.
CO3. Design microwave systems for different practical application.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Optical Communication
Course code ECEL404
Category Department Elective Course
Course title Optical Communication (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
To provide students with the design and operating principles of modern optical communication systems.
Unit-1 Introduction to Optical Communication: Optical Spectral Band with Operating 9(Lectures)
Windows, General Communication System, Optical Communication System with its
advantages.
Optical Fiber Waveguides: Ray Theory of Transmission with TIR, Acceptance Angle,
Numerical Aperture and Skew Rays, Electromagnetic Mode Theory for Optical
Propagation, Modes in a Planar Guide, Phase and Group Velocity, Phase Shift with Total
Internal Reflection, Evanescent Field, Goos-Haenchen Shift, Cylindrical Fiber Modes,
Mode Coupling, Step Index fibers Vs Graded Index fibers, Single Mode Fibers- Cut off
wavelength, MFD & Spot Size.
Unit-2 Signal Loss in Optical Fibers: Attenuation, Material Absorption Losses (Intrinsic and 9(Lectures)
Extrinsic absorption), types of Linear and Non-Linear Scattering Losses, Fiber Bending
Losses, Kerr Effect.
Dispersion: Introduction with its types: Chromatic / Intramodal Dispersion (Material and
Waveguide Dispersion), Intermodal dispersion (for MSI and MGI fibers), Overall (Total)
Fiber Dispersion in Multimode and Singe Mode Fiber, Dispersion Modified Single Mode
Fibers, Polarization & Fiber Birefringence.
Unit-3 Optical Sources: LEDs-Introduction to LEDs & Materials used for fabrication, LED 9(Lectures)
Power and Efficiency, LED Structures, LED Characteristics, Modulation Bandwidth.
Laser Diodes-Introduction, Optical Feedback & Laser Oscillations, Resonant
Frequencies, Laser Modes, and Threshold Condition for Laser Oscillation, Laser Diode
Rate Equations, Semiconductor injection Laser- Efficiency, Laser Single Mode operation,
Reliability of LED & ILD.
Unit-4 Introduction to Optical Communication: Optical Spectral Band with Operating 9(Lectures)
Windows, General Communication System, Optical Communication System with its
advantages.
Optical Fiber Waveguides: Ray Theory of Transmission with TIR, Acceptance Angle,
Numerical Aperture and Skew Rays, Electromagnetic Mode Theory for Optical
Propagation, Modes in a Planar Guide, Phase and Group Velocity, Phase Shift with Total
Internal Reflection, Evanescent Field, Goos-Haenchen Shift, Cylindrical Fiber Modes,
Mode Coupling, Step Index fibers Vs Graded Index fibers, Single Mode Fibers- Cut off
wavelength, MFD & Spot Size.
Text Book:
1. John M. Senior, “Optical Fiber Communications”, Pearson, 3rd Edition, 2010.
2. Gerd Keiser, “Optical Fiber Communications”, McGraw Hill, 5th Edition, 2013.
3. Govind P. Agrawal, “Fiber Optic Communication Systems”, John Wiley, 3rd Edition, 2004.

Course Outcomes: At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Define and explain the basic concepts and theory of optical communication.
CO2. Describe the signal losses with their computation and dispersion mechanism occurring inside the
optical fiber cable.
CO3. Differentiate the optical sources used in optical communication with their comparative study.
CO4. Identify different optical components on receiver side; assemble them to solve real world
problems related to optical communication systems.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Analog Signal Processing

Course code ECEL405
Category Department Elective Course
Course title Analog Signal Processing (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
To introduce fundamentals of analog signal processing, with major emphasis on circuit analysis, differential
equations, convolutions, Fourier methods, and applications in filtering
Unit-1 Introduction to domains and the analogue/digital trade off, Introduction to current 9(Lectures)
conveyor, current feedback amplifier.
Analog signal filtering: introduction to bilinear transfer functions and active realizations.
Second-order filter realization, filter design parameters (Q and ω 0), frequency response,
Three op-amp biquad, effect of finite gain of op-amp over
filters, Sallen-Key biquad.
Unit-2 Ideal low-pass filter, Buttreworth and Chebyshev magnitude response, pole locations, 9(Lectures)
low-pass filter specifications, comparison of Maximally flat and Equalripple responses.
Delay equalization: equalization procedures, equalization with first-order and
second order modules, strategies for equalization design. Definition of Bodesensitivity.
Unit-3 The General Impedance Convertor (GIC), optimal design of the GIC, realization of 9(Lectures)
simple ladders, Gorski-Popiel’s Embedding Technique, Bruton’s FDNR technique,
Creating negative components.
Unit-4 Elementary transconductor building blocks, resistors, integrators, amplifiers, summers, 9(Lectures)
Gyrator, First and second order filters, Higher order filters
Text Book:

1. R. Schaumann and M.E. Valkenberg, “Design of Analog Circuits”, Oxford University Press

Course Outcomes: At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:

CO1. Describe and apply fundamentals of signal processing in analog domain and its
associated concepts like OTA and current conveyor.
CO2. Introduction of filter and its designing parameters
CO3. Solve problems and design higher order filters like Butterworth and Chebyshev.
CO4. Understand and explain the reasons for delay in filter designing and its procedure to equalize.
CO5. Understand the principles of the inductor simulation like general impedance convertor
(GIC), optimal design of the GIC, Gorski-Popiel’s Embedding Technique, Bruton’s
FDNR techniquewhich are used for placing equivalent inductor on integrated circuits.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Antennas and Wave Propagation

Course code ECEL406
Category Department Elective Course
Course title Antennas and Wave Propagation (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
To introduce the student to antennas, covering their principles of radiation, their basic parameters, their general
types, and those commonly used in wireless systems.
Unit-1 Antennas Basics: Introduction, Basic Antenna Parameters, Patterns, Beam Area (or Beam 8(Lectures)
Solid Angle) QA, Radiation Intensity, Beam Efficiency, Directivity D and Gain G, Directivity
and Resolution, Antenna Apertures, Effective Height, The radio Communication link, Fields
from Oscillating Dipole, Single-to-Noise Ratio(SNR), Antenna Temperature, Antenna
Impedance.
Unit-2 Point Sources and Their Arrays: Introduction, Point Source, Power Theorem and its 10(Lectures)
Application to an Isotropic Source, Radiation Intensity, Arrays of Two Isotropic Point
Sources, Non-isotropic but Similar Point Sources and the Principle of Pattern Multiplication,
Pattern Synthesis by Pattern Multiplication, Linear Arrays of n Isotropic Point Sources of
Equal Amplitude and Spacing, Linear Broadside Arrays with Non- uniform Amplitude
Distributions. General Considerations.
Electric Dipoles, Thin Liner Antennas and Arrays of Dipoles and Apertures: The Short
Electric Dipole, The Fields of a Short Dipole, RadiationResistance of Short Electric Dipole, Thin
Linear Antenna, Radiation Resistance of λ/2 Antenna, Array of Two Driven λ/2 Elements:
Broadside Case and End-Fire Case, Horizontal Antennas Above a Plane Ground, Vertical
Antennas Above a Plane Ground, Yagi-Uda Antenna Design, Long-Wire Antennas, folded
Dipole Antennas.
Unit-3 The Loop Antenna: Design and its Characteristic Properties, Application of Loop Antennas, 9(Lectures)
Far Field Patterns of Circular Loop Antennas with Uniform Current, Slot Antennas, Horn
Antennas, Helical Antennas, The Log-Periodic Antenna, Micro strip Antennas.
Reflector Antennas: Flat Sheet Reflectors, Corner Reflectors, The Parabola-General
Properties, A Comparison Between Parabolic and Corner Reflectors, The Paraboloidal
Reflector, Patterns of Large Circular Apertures with Uniform Illumination, Reflector Types
(summarized), Feed Methods for Parabolic Reflectors.
Unit-4 Ground Wave Propagation: Plane Earth Reflection, Space Wave and SurfaceWave. 9(Lectures)
Space Wave Propagation: Introduction, Field Strength Relation, Effects ofImperfect Earth,
Effects of Curvature of Earth.
Sky wave Propagation: Introduction structural Details of the ionosphere, Wave Propagation
Mechanism, Refraction and Reflection of Sky Waves by ionosphere, Ray Path, Critical
Frequency, MUF, LUF, OF, Virtual Height and Skip Distance, Relation Between MUF and
the Skip Distance, Multi-Hop Propagation, Wave Characteristics.
Text Book:

1. John D Krauss, Ronald J Marhefka and Ahmad S. Khan, "Antennas and Wave Propagation",Tata McGraw
Hill Publication.

Reference Books:
1. A. R. Harish, M. Sachidananda, "Antennas and Wave Propogation", Oxford University Press.
2. Edward Conrad Jordan and Keith George Balmain, "Electromagnetic Waves and RadiatingSystems", PHI
Publication.
3. A. Das, Sisir K. Das, "Microwave Engineering", Tata McGraw Hill Publication.
4. C.A. Balanis, Antenna Theory - Analysis and Design, John Wiley, 1982.
5. R.E. Collin, Antennas and Radio Wave Propagation, McGraw Hill, 1985.
6. R.C. Johnson and H. Jasik, Antenna Engineering Handbook, McGraw ill, 1984.
7. I.J. Bahl and P. Bhartia, Micro Strip Antennas, Artech House, 1980.
8. R.K. Shevgaonkar, Electromagnetic Waves, Tata McGraw Hill, 2005
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Understand the properties and various types of antennas.
CO2. Analyze the properties of different types of antennas and their design.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Wireless and Mobile Communication

Course code ECEL407
Category Department Elective Course
Course title Wireless and Mobile Communication (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
To expose the students to understand mobile communication principles and to study the recent trends adopted
in cellular systems and wireless standards.
Unit-1 Wireless Communication Fundamentals: 9(Lectures)
Evolution of mobile radio communication fundamentals. General Model of Wireless
Communication Link, Types of Signals, Cellular Infrastructure, Cellular System Components,
Antennas for Cellular Systems, Operation of Cellular Systems, Channel Assignment,
Frequency reuse, Channel Assignment strategies, Handoff Strategies Cellular Interferences,
Sectorization; Wireless Channel and Radio Communication, Free Space Propagation Model,
Channel Noise and Losses, Fading in Land Mobile Systems, Multipath Fading, Fading Effects
on Signal and Frequency, Shadowing; Wireless Channel Modeling: AWGN Channel, Rayleigh
Channel, Rician Fading Channel, Nakagami Fading Channel, Ocumura and Hata Path Loss
Model; Channel Modeling: Stochastic, Flat Fading, Wideband Time-Dispersive Channel
Modeling.
Unit-2 Spread Spectrum and Diversity: 9(Lectures)
Theory of Vocoders, Types of Vocoders; Spread Spectrum Modulation, Pseudo-Noise
Codes with Properties and Code Generation Mechanisms, DSSS and FHSS Systems, Time
Hopping and Hybrid Spread Systems; Multicarrier Modulation Techniques, Zero Inter
Symbol Interference Communication Techniques, Detection Strategies, Diversity Combining
Techniques: Selection Combining, Threshold Combining, Equal Gain Combining, Maximum
Ratio Combining; Spatial Diversity and Multiplexing in MIMO Systems, Channel Estimation.
Unit-3 Equalization and Multiple Access: 9(Lectures)
Equalization Techniques: Transversal Filters, Adaptive Equalizers, Zero Forcing
Equalizers, Decision Feedback Equalizers, and related algorithms; Multiplexing and
Multiple Access: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, OFDMA, SC- FDMA, IDMA Schemes
and Hybrid Method of Multiple Access Schemes, RAKE Receiver; Multiple Access for
Radio Packet Systems: Pure ALOHA, Slotted ALOHA, CSMA and their versions;
Packet and Pooling Reservation Based Multiple Access Schemes.
Unit-4 Cellular Networks: 9(Lectures)
GSM system for mobile Telecommunication, General Packet Radio Service, Edge
Technology; CDMA Based Standards: IS 95 to CDMA 2000, Wireless Local Loop, IMT
2000 and UMTS, Long Term Evolution (LTE), Mobile Satellite Communication.
Other Wireless Networks:
Introduction to Mobile Adhoc Networks, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi Standards, WiMax Standards, Li-
Fi Communication, Ultra-Wideband Communication, Mobile data networks, Wireless
Standards IMT 2000, Introduction to 4G & 5G and concept of NGN.
Text Books:
1. T.S. Rappaport, “Wireless Communication-Principles and practice”, Pearson Publications,Second
Edition.
2. Upena Dalal, “Wireless Communication and Networks”, Oxford Press Publications, first edition.
3. T L Singal, “Wireless Communications”, McGraw Hill Publications, 2010.
Reference Books:
1. Andrea Goldsmith, “Wireless Communications”, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
2. S. Haykin & M. Moher, “Modern wireless communication”, Pearson, 2005.

Course Outcomes: At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Express the basic knowledge of mobile radio & cellular communication fundamentals and their
application to propagation mechanisms, path loss models and multi-path phenomenon.
CO2. Analyze the performance of various voice coding and diversity techniques.
CO3. Apply the knowledge of wireless transmission basics to understand the concepts of equalization
and multiple access techniques.
CO4. Examine the performance of cellular systems being employed such as GSM, CDMA and LTE
using various theoretical and mathematical aspects.
CO5. Express basic knowledge of Mobile Adhoc networks and the existing & upcoming data
communication networks in wireless and mobile communication domain.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Digital Image Processing

Course code ECEL408
Category Department Elective Course
Course title Digital Image Processing (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
• To introduce the concepts of image processing and basic analytical methods to be used in image processing.
• To familiarize students with image enhancement and restoration techniques.
• To explain different image compression techniques.
Unit-1 Introduction: Overview of Image Processing, Application area of image processing, 9(Lectures)
Digital Image Representation, Types of images, Digital Image Processing Operations,
Fundamental steps in DIP, Overview of Digital Image Systems, Physical Aspect of
Image Acquisition, biological Aspect of Image Acquisition, sampling & quantization,
Digital Halftone Process, Image storage
and File formats.
Unit-2 Image Enhancement: Need for image enhancement, Image enhancement operations, 9(Lectures)
Image enhancement in spatial domain, histogram based techniques, Spatial Filtering
concepts, Image smoothing and sharpening spatial and frequency domain filters,
homomorphic filtering.
Image Restoration: Introduction to degradation, types of Image degradations, image
degradation models, noise modeling, estimation of degradation functions, Image
restoration in presence of noise only, periodic noise and band pass and band reject
filtering, difference between enhancement & restoration, Image
restoration techniques.
Unit-3 Image Transforms: Need for image transforms, Properties of Fourier transform,Discrete 9(Lectures)
cosine transform, Discrete sine transform, Hadamard transform, Haar
transform, Slant transform, SVD and KL transforms.
Image Compression: Image compression model, type of redundancy, compression
algorithms and its types, lossless compression algorithms, lossy compression
algorithms, image and video compression standards.
Unit-4 Image Segmentation: Introduction, Detection of Discontinuities, Edge 9(Lectures)
Detection, Hough Transforms and Shape Detection, corner detection, Principle of
thresholding, Principle of region - growing.
Text Book:
1. Rafael C. Gonzalez Richard E woods Steven L. Eddins, ‘‘Digital Image
Processing’’, McGraw Hill, 3rd Edition, 2008.
2. Anil K Jain, “Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing”, Prentice-Hall of India
Pvt. Ltd,1989.

Reference Books:
1. Jayaraman, “Digital Image Processing”, Tata Mc Graw hill Education, India, 2009.
2. S. Sridhar, “Digital Image Processing”, OXFORD University Press, Second Edition, 2011.

Course Outcomes: At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Describe the concept and need for image processing.
CO2. Implement the various techniques for image enhancement and restoration both in
spatial andfrequency domains.
CO3. Interpret the various types of image transforms and their properties.
CO4. Distinguish between lossless and lossy image compression algorithms and
examine theirperformances in spatial and frequency domains.
CO5. Examine the various image segmentation techniques.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Mixed Signal Design

Course code ECEL409
Category Department Elective Course
Course title Mixed Signal Design (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
The course deals with the theory and design skills of voltage reference circuits, switched capacitor circuits, sample-
and- hold circuits, and A/D & D/A converters used in modern communication and electronic systems.
Unit-1 Analog and discrete-time signal processing, introduction to sampling theory; Analog 9(Lectures)
continuous- time filters: passive and active filters; Basics of analog discrete-time filters and
Z-transform.
Unit-2 Switched-capacitor filters- Nonidealities in switched-capacitor filters; Switched-capacitor 9(Lectures)
filterarchitectures; Switched-capacitor filter applications.
Unit-3 Basics of data converters; Successive approximation ADCs, Dual slope ADCs, Flash 9(Lectures)
ADCs,Pipeline ADCs, Hybrid ADC structures, High-resolution ADCs, DACs.
Unit-4 Mixed-signal layout, Interconnects and data transmission; Voltage-mode signaling and 9(Lectures)
datatransmission; Current-mode signaling and data transmission.
Introduction to frequency synthesizers and synchronization; Basics of PLL, Analog PLLs;
Digital PLLs; DLLs.

Text/Reference Books:
1. R. Jacob Baker, CMOS mixed-signal circuit design, Wiley India, IEEE press, reprint2008.
2. Behzad Razavi , Design of analog CMOS integrated circuits, McGraw-Hill, 2003.
3. R. Jacob Baker, CMOS circuit design, layout and simulation, Revised second edition,IEEE press, 2008.
4. Rudy V. dePlassche, CMOS Integrated ADCs and DACs, Springer, Indian edition, 2005.
5. Arthur B. Williams, Electronic Filter Design Handbook, McGraw-Hill, 1981.
6. R. Schauman, Design of analog filters by, Prentice-Hall 1990 (or newer additions).
7. M. Burns et al., An introduction to mixed-signal IC test and measurement by, Oxforduniversity press, first
Indian edition, 2008.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Understand the practical situations where mixed signal analysis is required.
CO2. Analyze and handle the inter-conversions between signals.
CO3. Design systems involving mixed signals
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Wireless Sensor Networks

Course code ECEL410
Category Department Elective Course
Course title Wireless Sensor Networks (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
This course covers the challenges and the latest research results related to the design and management of
wireless sensor networks (WSNs).
Unit-1 Introduction to Sensor Networks, unique constraints and challenges, Advantage of Sensor 10(Lectures)
Networks, Applications of Sensor Networks, Types of wireless sensor networks.
Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) and Wireless Sensor Networks, Enabling technologies
forWireless Sensor Networks. Issues and challenges in wireless sensor networks
Unit-2 Routing protocols, MAC protocols: Classification of MAC Protocols, S-MAC Protocol, B- 10(Lectures)
MACprotocol, IEEE 802.15.4 standard and ZigBee,
Dissemination protocol for large sensor network. Data dissemination, data gathering, and
datafusion; Quality of a sensor network; Real-time traffic support and security protocols.
Unit-3 Design Principles for WSNs, Gateway Concepts Need for gateway, WSN to Internet 8(Lectures)
Communication, and Internet to WSN Communication.
Unit-4 Single-node architecture, Hardware components & design constraints, 8(Lectures)
Operating systems and execution environments, introduction to TinyOS and nesC.

Text/Reference Books:
1. Waltenegus Dargie , Christian Poellabauer, “ Fundamentals Of Wireless Sensor Networks Theory And
Practice” , By John Wiley & Sons Publications ,2011
2. Sabrie Soloman, “ Sensors Handbook" by McGraw Hill publication. 2009
3. Feng Zhao, Leonidas Guibas, “ Wireless Sensor Networks”, Elsevier Publications,2004
4. Kazem Sohrby, Daniel Minoli, “ Wireless Sensor Networks”: Technology, Protocols andApplications, Wiley-
Inter science
5. Philip Levis, And David Gay "TinyOS Programming” by Cambridge University Press2009

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course the students will be able to
CO1. Design wireless sensor networks for a given application
CO2. Understand emerging research areas in the field of sensor networks
CO3. Understand MAC protocols used for different communication standards used in WSN
CO4. Explore new protocols for WSN.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

RADAR Engineering
Course code ECEL411
Category Department Elective Course
Course title RADAR Engineering (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
This course covers in depth knowledge of detection of radar signals, tracking methods and functioning of different
types of radar systems.
Unit-1 Introduction to Radar: Basic radar, The simple form of radar equation, Radar block 11(Lectures)
diagram, Radar frequencies, Applications to radar.
Radar Equation: Introduction, Detection of signal in noise, Receiver noise and the signalto
noise ratio, Probability density functions, Probabilities of detection and false alarm, Integration
of Radar pluses, Radar cross section of targets, Radar cross section fluctuations, Transmitter
power, Pulse repetition frequency, antenna parameters, system losses, Other Radar equation
considerations.
Unit-2 MTI and Pulse Doppler Radar: Introduction to Doppler and MTI Radar, Delay-Line 8(Lectures)
cancelers, Staggered pulse repetition frequencies, Doppler filter banks, Digital MTI processing,
Moving target detector, Limitation of MTI performance, MTI from a moving
platform, Pulse Doppler Radar, CW Radar.
Unit-3 Tracking Radar: Tracking with Radar, Mono-pulse tracking, Conical scan and sequential 9(Lectures)
lobbing, Limitation to tracking accuracy, Low-angle tracking, Tracking in range,
Comparison of trackers, Automatic tracking with Surveillance Radar (ADT)
Unit-4 Information from Radar signals: Basic Radar measurements, Ambiguity diagram, Pulse 8(Lectures)
compression, Target recognition.
Radar Clutter: Land clutter, Sea clutter, Weather clutter and detection of targets in
clutter.

Text Book:
1. Merrill I. Skolnik“ Introduction to Radar Systems” Third Edition.

Reference Book:
1 J.C. Toomay , Paul J. Hannen “ Principles of Radar” Third Edition.
2 GottapuSasibhusanaRao, “Microwave and Radar Engineering, Pearson.
3 Bernard Davis,George Kennedy, Electronic Communication Systems, Tata McGraw-Hill
Education Pvt.Ltd.

Course Outcomes:
CO1. Demonstrate an understanding of the factors affecting the radar performance using Radar Range Equation.
CO2. Analyze the principle of FM-CW radar and apply it in FM- CW Altimeter.
CO3. Differentiate between a MTI Radar and a Pulse Doppler Radar based on their working principle.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

High Speed Electronics

Course code ECEL412
Category Department Elective Course
Course title High Speed Electronics (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
• The course deals with the theory and design of high speed electronic systems and interconnects in both the
digital and analogue domain.
Unit-1 Transmission line theory (basics) crosstalk and nonideal effects; signal integrity: impact of 10(Lectures)
packages, vias, traces, connectors; non-ideal return current paths, high frequency power
delivery, methodologies for design of high speed buses; radiated emissions and minimizing
system noise; Noise Analysis: Sources, Noise Figure, Gain compression, Harmonic distortion,
Intermodulation, Cross-modulation, Dynamic range
Unit-2 Devices: Passive and active, Lumped passive devices (models), Active (models, low vs high 9(Lectures)
frequency)
RF Amplifier Design, Stability, Low Noise Amplifiers, Broadband Amplifiers (and
Distributed) Power Amplifiers, Class A, B, AB and C, D E Integrated circuit realizations,
Cross-over distortion Efficiency RF power output stages
Unit-3 Mixers –Upconversion, Downconversion, Conversion gain and spurious response. 8(Lectures)
Oscillators Principles. PLL Transceiver architectures
Unit-4 Printed Circuit Board Anatomy, CAD tools for PCB design, Standard fabrication, Microvia 9(Lectures)
Boards. Board Assembly: Surface Mount Technology, Through Hole Technology, Process
Control and Design challenges.

Text/Reference Books:
1. Stephen H. Hall, Garrett W. Hall, James A. McCall “ High-Speed Digital System Design: A Handbook of
Interconnect Theory and Design Practices”, August 2000, Wiley-IEEE Press
2. Thomas H. Lee, “ The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits”, CambridgeUniversity Press,
2004, ISBN 0521835399.
3. Behzad Razavi, “ RF Microelectronics”, Prentice-Hall 1998, ISBN 0-13-887571-5.
4. Guillermo Gonzalez, “ Microwave Transistor Amplifiers”, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall.
5. Kai Chang, “ RF and Microwave Wireless systems”, Wiley.
6. R.G. Kaduskar and V.B.Baru, Electronic Product design, Wiley India, 2011

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Understand significance and the areas of application of high-speed electronics circuits.
CO2. Understand the properties of various components used in high speed electronics
CO3. Design High-speed electronic system using appropriate components.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Wavelet Theory and Applications

Course code ECEL413
Category Department Elective Course
Course title Wavelet Theory and Applications (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
The objective of this course is to establish the theory necessary to understand and use wavelets and related
constructions.
Unit-1 Introduction Stationary and non-stationary signals, Signal representation using basis and 8(Lectures)
frames, Brief introduction to Fourier transform and Short time Fourier transform, Time
frequency analysis, Bases of time frequency: orthogonal, Filter banks, Multi resolution
formulation: Wavelets from filters, Classes of wavelets: Haar, Daubechies, bi-orthogonal.
Unit-2 Continuous Wavelet Transform Continuous wavelet transform (CWT), Time and frequency 11(Lectures)
resolution of the continuous wavelet transform, Construction of continuous wavelets: Spline,
orthonormal, bi-orthonormal, Inverse continuous wavelet transform, Redundancy of CWT,
Zoom property of the continuous wavelet transform, Filtering in continuous wavelet transform
domain.
Discrete Wavelet Transform And Filterbanks Orthogonal and biorthogonal two-channel filter
banks, Design of two-channel filter banks, Tree-structured filter banks, Discrete wavelet
transform, Non-linear approximation in the Wavelet domain, multi resolution analysis,
Construction and Computation of the discrete wavelet transform, the redundant discrete
wavelet transform.
Unit-3 Multi Resolution Analysis Multirate discrete time systems, Parameterization of discrete 8(Lectures)
wavelets, Bi-orthogonal wavelet bases, Two dimensional, wavelet transforms and
Extensions to higher dimensions, wave packets
Unit-4 Applications Signal and Image compression, Detection of signal changes, analysis and 9(Lectures)
classification of audio signals using CWT, Wavelet based signal de-noising and energy
compaction, Wavelets in adaptive filtering, Adaptive wavelet techniques in signal acquisition,
coding and lossy transmission, Digital Communication and Multicarrier Modulation, Trans
multiplexers , Image fusion, Edge Detection and object isolation.

Text/Reference Books:
1. Y.T. Chan, Wavelet Basics, Kluwer Publishers, Boston, 1993.
2. Daubechies, Ten Lectures on Wavelets, Society for Industrial and AppliedMathematics, Philadelphia, PA,
1992.
3. K. Chui, An Introduction to Wavelets, Academic Press Inc., New York, 1992.
4. Gerald Kaiser, A Friendly Guide to Wavelets, Birkhauser, New York, 1995.
5. P. P. Vaidyanathan, Multirate Systems and Filter Banks, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1993.
6. A.N. Akansu and R.A. Haddad, Multiresolution signal Decomposition: Transforms,Subbands and Wavelets,
Academic Press, Oranld, Florida, 1992.
7. B.Boashash, Time-Frequency signal analysis, In S.Haykin, (editor), Advanced SpectralAnalysis, pages 418-
-517. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1991.
8. A Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing, 2nd edition, S. Mallat, Academic Press, 1999.
9. Wavelets and Sub band Coding, M. Vetterli and J. Kovacevic, Prentice Hall, 1995.
10. Wavelet transforms: Introduction, Theory and applications, Raghuveer rao and Ajit S.Bopardikar, Pearson
Education Asia, 2000. REFERENCES
11. Fundamentals of Wavelets: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications, J.C. Goswami and A.K. Chan, 2nd ed.,
Wiley, 2011.
12. Wavelets and their Applications, Michel Misiti, Yves Misiti, Georges Oppenheim, JeanMichel Poggi, John
Wiley & Sons, 2010 .
13. A premier on Wavelets and their scientific applications, J S Walker, CRC press, 2002.
14. Wavelets and signal processing: An application based introduction, Stark, Springer, 2005.
15. Wavelets : from math too practice, Desanka.P.Radunovik, springer, 2009.
16. Insight into wavelets from theory to practice, K P Soman and KL Ramachandran, PHI, 2008.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Understand time-frequency nature of the signals.
CO2. Apply the concept of wavelets to practical problems.
CO3. Mathematically analyze the systems or process the signals using appropriate waveletfunctions.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Embedded Systems
Course code ECEL414
Category Department Elective Course
Course title Embedded Systems (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
The objective of this course is to enable the students to understand embedded-system programming and apply
that knowledge to design and develop embedded solutions.
Unit-1 Introduction to Embedded Systems: Introduction to Embedded Systems – The build process 9(Lectures)
for embedded systems- Structural units in Embedded processor , selection of processor &
memory devices- DMA – Memory management methods- Timer and Counting devices,
Watchdog Timer, Real Time Clock, In circuit emulator, Target Hardware Debugging.
Unit-2 Embedded Networking: Embedded Networking: Introduction, I/O Device Ports & Buses– 10(Lectures)
Serial Bus communication protocols – RS232 standard – RS422 – RS485 – CAN Bus -Serial
Peripheral Interface (SPI) – Inter Integrated Circuits (I2C) –need for device drivers.
Embedded Firmware Development Environment: Embedded Product Development Life Cycle
objectives, different phases of EDLC, Modelling of EDLC; issues in Hardware-software Co-
design, Data Flow Graph, state machine model, Sequential Program Model, concurrent
Model, object oriented Model.
Unit-3 RTOS Based Embedded System Design: Introduction to basic concepts of RTOS- Task, 9(Lectures)
process & threads, interrupt routines in RTOS, Multiprocessing and Multitasking,
Preemptive and non preemptive scheduling, Task communication shared memory, message
passing-, Inter process Communication – synchronization between processes-semaphores,
Mailbox, pipes, priority inversion, priority inheritance, comparison of Real time Operating
systems: Vx Works, µC/OS-II, RT Linux.
Unit-4 Embedded System Application Development: Design issues and techniques Case Study of 8(Lectures)
Washing Machine- Automotive Application- Smart card System Application.

Text Books:
1. Wayne Wolf, “Computers as Components: Principles of Embedded Computer System Design”,Elsevier, 2006.
2. Michael J. Pont, “Embedded C”, Pearson Education , 2007.
3. Steve Heath, “Embedded System Design”, Elsevier, 2005.
4. Muhammed Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi and Rolin D. McKinlay, “The 8051
5. Microcontroller and Embedded Systems”, Pearson Education, Second edition, 2007.

COURSE OUTCOME: After completion of the course student will be able to:
CO1: Understand the basics of embedded system and its structural units.
CO2: Analyze the embedded system specification and develop software programs.
CO3: Evaluate the requirements of the programming embedded systems, related softwarearchitecture.
CO4: Understand the RTOS based embedded system design.
CO5: Understand all the applications of the embedded system and designing issues.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Electronic Switching
Course code ECEL415
Category Department Elective Course
Course title Electronic Switching (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
This subject aims at introducing to the students the knowledge about the telecommunication industry: its
services and market, the theoretical basis about performance and operation in telecom networks.
Unit-1 Evolution of switching systems: Introduction, Message switching, Circuits switching, 8(Lectures)
Functions of a switching system, Register translator- senders, Distribution frames, Crossbar
switch, A general trucking,Electronic switching, Reed- electronic system, Digital switching
systems.
Unit-2 Digital Switching: Switching functions, Space Division Switching, Time Division 10(Lectures)
Switching, Two-Dimensional Switching, Digital Cross-Connect Systems, Digital Switching
in an Analog Environment.
Telecom Engineering: Network Traffic Load and Parameters, Grade of Service and Blocking
Probability, Modeling Switching Systems, Incoming Traffic and Service Time
Characterization, Blocking models and Loss Estimates, Delay Systems
Unit-3 Control of switching systems: Introduction, Call-processing functions,Common control, 9(Lectures)
Reliability, availability and security; Stored-program control. Signaling: Introduction,
Customer line signaling, Audio- frequency junctions and trunk circuits, FDM carrier
systems, PCM signaling, Inter-register signalling, Common-channel signaling principles,
CCITT signaling system no. 6 and 7, Digital customer line signaling.
Unit-4 Packet Switching: Packet Switching, Statistical Multiplexing, Routing Control (dynamic 8(Lectures)
routing, virtual circuit routing and fixed-path routing), Flow Control, X.25, Frame Relay,
TCP/IP ATM Cells, ATM ServiceCategories, ATM Switching (ATM Memory Switch, Space-
Memory Switch, Memory-Space Switch, Memory-Space Memory switch, Banyan Network
Switch, Clos Networks).

Text Book:
1. Thiagarajan Viswanathan & Manav Bhatnagar, “Telecommunication Switching
Systems andNetworks”, PHI, 2018
2. J.E. Flood, “Telecommunication Switching, Traffic and Networks”, Pearson Education 2016.
3. John C. Bellamy, “Digital Telephony”, John Wiley, 3rd Ed, 2006

Course Outcomes: At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:

CO1. Describe the fundamentals of circuit switching and distinguish complex telephone systems.
CO2. Differentiate the fundamentals of Space division switching and time division switching.
CO3. Design, develop and evaluate the telecom traffic to meet defined specifications and needs.
CO4. Identify the control of switching networks and signalling concepts.
CO5. Classify the engineering concepts of packet switching and routing which will help to design
various switch architectures for future research work.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

ECE Open Elective Courses

Detailed Syllabus
Course Code : ECOE01
Course Title : Microwave Integrated Circuits
Number of Credits 3+0
Prerequisites : NONE
(Course code)

Course learning Objective

To impart knowledge on basics of microwave electron beam devices and their applicationsin X band frequency.

Unit Topics Lectures

I Design and realization of power dividers, hybrids, directional couplers etc using 9
strip lines and microstrip lines.
II Filter design; Kuroda identities. K and J inverters. Filter transformations. 8
Realization using strip linesand micro strip lines.
III Transistor amplifiers; Power gain equations. Stability considerations. Analysis. 10
Design using MICs.
Transistor oscillators. Active devices for microwave oscillators. Three port S
parametercharacterization of transistors. Oscillation and stability conditions.
IV Diode mixers. Mixer design. Single ended mixer. Balanced mixer. Image 9
rejection mixer. Phaseshifter design. PIN diode. Phase shifter.

Text Books
1. I.J.Bahl & Bhartia, Microwave Solid State Circuit Design, Wiley, 1987.
2. G.D.Vendelin, Design of Amplifiers and Oscillators by the S Parameter Method, Wiley,1982.

Reference Books
1. Stripline-like Transmission Lines for Microwave Integrated Circuits - Bharathi Bhat, ShibanKoul,
New Age International(P) Limited, Publishers, 2007
2. Microwave Engineering, David M Pozar, John Wiley & Sons, Inc International StudentEdition.
3. T.C.Edwards, Foundations for Microstrip Circuit Design (2/e), Wiley, 1992.
4. Recent literature in Microwave Integrated Circuit Design.

Course outcomes
At the end of the course student will be able
CO1: the topics will make students design of the important and essential M.I.C components
CO2: Filter is the most needed circuit for many applications and the unit will make the studentconfident
in filter design
CO3: All aspects and different parameters, design factors and properties will me made thorough
CO4: One will be confident to handle any oscillator design
CO5: The student will become familiar and confident in the design of Mixers, the other essentialcircuits.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Course Code : ECOE02

Course Title : RF Circuits
Number of Credits 3+0
Prerequisites : NONE
(Course code)

Course learning Objective

To impart knowledge on basics of IC design at RF frequencies.
Unit Topics Lectures
I Characteristics of passive IC components at RF frequencies – interconnects, resistors, 9
capacitors, inductors and transformers – Transmission lines. Noise – classical two-port
noise theory, noise models for active and passive components High frequency amplifier
design – zeros as bandwidth enhancers, shunt-series amplifier, f-doublers,
neutralization and uni-lateralization.
II Low noise amplifier design – LNA topologies, power constrained noise optimization, 9
linearity and large signal performance
Mixers – multiplier-based mixers, subsampling mixers, diode-ring mixers
III RF power amplifiers – Class A, AB, B, C, D, E and F amplifiers, modulation of power 9
amplifiers, linearity considerations
IV Oscillators & synthesizers – describing functions, resonators, negative resistance 9
oscillators, synthesis with static moduli, synthesis with dithering moduli, combination
synthesizers – phase noiseconsiderations.

Text Books
1. T.homas H. Lee, “The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits”, 2nd ed.,
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press,2004.
2. B.Razavi, “RF Microelectronics”, 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall, 1998.

Reference Books
1. A.A. Abidi, P.R. Gray, and R.G. Meyer, eds., “Integrated Circuits for Wireless
Communications”, New York: IEEE Press,1999.
2. R. Ludwig and P. Bretchko, “RF Circuit Design, Theory and Applications”, Pearson,2000.
3. Mattuck,A., “Introduction to Analysis”,Prentice-Hall,1998.
4. Recent literature in RF Circuits.

Course outcomes
At the end of the course student will be able
CO1: Understand the Noise models for passive components and noise theory
CO2: Analyze the design of a high frequency amplifier
CO3: Appreciate the different LNA topologies & design techniques
CO4: Distinguish between different types of mixers
CO5: Analyse the various types of synthesizers, oscillators and their characteristics.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Course Code : ECOE03

Course Title : High Speed System Design
Number of Credits 3+0
Prerequisites : NONE
(Course code)
Course Learning Objective
To expose the students to all aspects of electronic packaging including electrical, thermal,mechanical and
reliability issues.
Unit Topics Lectures
I Functions of an Electronic Package, Packaging Hierarchy, IC packaging: MEMS packaging, 8
consumerelectronics packaging, medical electronics packaging, Trends, Challenges, Driving
Forces on Packaging Technology, Materials for Microelectronic packaging, Packaging
Material Properties, Ceramics, Polymers, and Metals in Packaging, Material for high density
interconnect substrates
II Overview of Transmission line theory, Clock Distribution, Noise Sources, power 8
Distribution, signaldistribution, EMI; crosstalk and nonideal effects; signal integrity: impact
of packages, vias, traces, connectors; non-ideal return current paths, high frequency power
delivery, simultaneous switching noise; system-level timing analysis and budgeting;
methodologies for design of high speed buses; radiated emissions and minimizing system
noise.
III Electrical Anatomy of Systems Packaging, Signal Distribution, Power Distribution, 10
Electromagnetic Interference, Design Process Electrical Design: Interconnect Capacitance,
Resistance and Inductancefundamentals; Transmission Lines , Clock Distribution, Noise
Sources, power Distribution, signal distribution, EMI, Digital and RF Issues. Processing
Technologies, Thin Film deposition, Patterning,Metal to metal joining.
IC Assembly – Purpose, Requirements, Technologies, Wire bonding, Tape Automated
Bonding, FlipChip, Wafer Level Packaging , reliability, wafer level burn – in and test.Single
chip packaging: functions, types, materials processes, properties, characteristics, trends.
Multi-chippackaging : types, design, comparison, trends. Passives: discrete, integrated, and
embedded –encapsulation and sealing:fundamentals, requirements, materials, processes
IV Printed Circuit Board: Anatomy, CAD tools for PCB design, Standard fabrication, Microvia 10
Boards. Board Assembly: Surface Mount Technology, Through Hole Technology, Process
Control and Designchallenges. Thermal Management, Heat transfer fundamentals, Thermal
conductivity and resistance, Conduction, convection and radiation – Cooling requirements.
Reliability, Basic concepts, Environmental interactions. Thermal mismatch and fatigue –
failures – thermo-mechanically induced – electrically induced – chemically induced.
Electrical Testing: System level electrical testing, Interconnection tests, Active Circuit
Testing, Design for Testability.

Text/ Reference Book:

1. Tummala, Rao R., Fundamentals of Microsystems Packaging, McGraw Hill, 2001
2. HowardJohnson , Martin Graham, High Speed Digital Design: A Handbook of Black Magic,
Prentice Hall, 1993
3. Blackwell (Ed), The electronic packaging handbook, CRC Press, 2000.
4. Tummala, Rao R, Microelectronics packaging handbook, McGraw Hill, 2008.
5. Bosshart, Printed Circuit Boards Design and Technology,TataMcGraw Hill,
1988.
6. R.G. Kaduskar and V.B.Baru, Electronic Product design, Wiley India, 2011
7. R.S.Khandpur, Printed Circuit Board, Tata McGraw Hill, 2005
8. Recent literature in Electronic Packaging.

Course outcomes
At the end of the course student will be able
CO1: Design of PCBs which minimize the EMI and operate at higher frequency.
CO2: Enable design of packages which can withstand higher temperature, vibrations and shock.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Course Code : ECOE04

Course Title : Low Power VLSI Circuits
Number of Credits 3+0
Prerequisites : ECE303, ECEL305
(Course code)
Course learning Objective
To expose the students to the low voltage device modelling, low voltage, low power VLSI CMOS circuit design.

Unit Topics Lectures

I CMOS fabrication process, Shallow trench isolation. Lightly-doped drain. Buried 9
channel.Fabrication process of BiCMOS and SOI CMOS technologies.
II Modeling of CMOS devices parameters. Threshold voltage, Body effect, Short channel 9
and Narrowchannel effects, Electron temperature, and MOS capacitance.
III CMOS inverters, static logic circuits of CMOS, pass transistor, BiCMOS, SOI CMOS 8
and lowpower CMOS techniques.
IV Basic concepts of dynamic logic circuits. Various problems associated with dynamic 10
logic circuits.Differential, BiCMOS and low voltage dynamic logic circuits.
CMOS memory circuits, Decoders, sense amplifiers, SRAM architecture. Low voltage
SRAM techniques.

Text Books
1. Jan Rabaey,”Low Power Design Essentials (Integrated Circuits and Systems)”,
Springer,2009
2.J.B.Kuo&J.H.Lou,”Low-voltage CMOS VLSI Circuits”, Wiley, 1999.

Reference Book
1.A. Bellaowar&M.I.Elmasry,”Low power Digital VLSI Design, Circuits and Systems”,
Kluwer, 1996.
2. Recent literature in Low Power VLSI Circuits.

Course outcomes
At the end of the course student will be able
CO1: acquire the knowledge about various CMOS fabrication process and its modeling.
CO2: infer about the second order effects of MOS transistor characteristics.
CO3: analyze and implement various CMOS static logic circuits.
CO4: learn the design of various CMOS dynamic logic circuits.
CO5: learn the different types of memory circuits and their design.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Course Code : ECOE05

Course Title : Biomedical Signal Processing
Number of Credits 3+0
Prerequisites : ECE304
(Course code)
Course Learning Objective
• To Understand the theoretical background underlying the use of digital signal processing and statistical
techniques for biomedical applications.
• To Identify the best solution for specific problems by considering the benefits and limitations of
various signal processing approaches.
Unit Topic Lecture
I Introduction to Bio-Medical Signals: Classification, Acquisition and Difficulties 09
during Acquisition. Basics of Electrocardiography, Electroencephalography,
Electromyography & electro-retinography Role of Computers in the Analysis,
Processing, Monitoring &
Control and image reconstruction in bio-medical field.
II ECG: Measurement of Amplitude and Time Intervals, QRS Detection (Different 09
Methods), ST Segment Analysis, Removal of Baseline Wander and Power line
Interferences, Arrhythmia Analysis, Portable Arrhythmia Monitors.
Data Reduction: Turning Point algorithm, AZTEC Algorithm, Fan
Algorithm, Huffman and Modified Huffman Coding, Run Length.
Coding.
III EEG: Neurological Signal Processing, EEG characteristic, linear prediction 09
theory, Sleep EEG, Dynamics of Sleep/Wake transition. Study of pattern of
brain waves, Epilepsy-Transition, detection and Estimation. EEG Analysis By
Spectral Estimation: The Bt Method, Periodogram, Maximum Entropy Method &
AR Method, Moving Average Method. The ARMA Methods, Maximum
Likelihood Method.
IV EP Estimation: by Signal Averaging, Adaptive Filtering:- General Structures of 09
Adaptive filters, LMS Adaptive Filter, Adaptive Noise Cancelling, Wavelet
Detection:- Introduction, Detection By Structural features, Matched Filtering,
Adaptive Wavelet Detection, Detection of Overlapping Wavelets.

Text Books:
1. Willis J. Tomkin, “Biomedical Digital Signal Processing”, PHI.
2. D. C. Reddy, “Biomedical Signal Processing”, McGraw Hill
3. Crommwell Weibel and Pfeifer, “Biomedical Instrumentation and
Measurement”,PHI

Reference Books:
1. Arnon Cohen, “Biomedical Signal Processing (volume-I)”, Licrc Press\
2. Rangaraj M. Rangayyan, “Biomedical Signal Analysis A Case Study
Approach”,John Wiley and Sons Inc.
3. John G. Webster, “Medical instrumentation Application and Design”, John
Wiley &Sons Inc
Course Outcomes:
CO1. After successfully completing the course students will be able to:
CO2. The student will be able to model a biomedical system.
CO3. The student will be able to understand various methods of acquiring bio signals.
CO4. The student will be able to understand various sources of bio signal distortions and its remedial
techniques.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

ECE Minor Specialization Courses

Detailed Syllabus
Control Systems
Course code ECM01
Category Department Course
Course title Control Systems (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
To understand concepts of the mathematical modeling, feedback control and stability analysis in Time and Frequency
domains
Unit-1 Introduction to Control Systems: Basic Components of a control system, Feedback and its 9(Lectures)
effect, types of feedback control systems. Block diagrams Reduction and signal flow graphs,
Modeling of Physical systems: electrical networks, mechanical systems elements, free body
diagram, analogous Systems, sensors and encoders in control systems, modeling of armature
controlled and field controlled DC servomotor
Unit-2 Stability of Linear Control Systems: Bounded-input bounded-output stability continuous 7(Lectures)
data systems, zero-input and asymptotic stability of continuous data systems, Routh Hurwitz
criterion, Root-Locus Technique: Introduction, Properties of the Root Loci, Design aspects of
the Root Loci.
Unit-3 Time domain Analysis of Control Systems: Time response of continuous data systems, 12 (Lectures)
typical test signals for the time response of control systems, unit step response and time domain
specifications, time response of a first order system, transient response of a prototype second
order system, Steady-State error, Static and dynamic error coefficients, error analysis for
different types of systems.
Frequency Domain Analysis: Resonant peak and Resonant frequency, Bandwidth of the
prototype Second order system, effects of adding a zero to the forward path, effects of adding
a pole to the forward path, polar plot, Nyquist stability criterion, stability analysis with the
Bode plot, relative stability: gain margin and phase margin.
Unit-4 State-Variable Analysis: Introduction, vector matrix representation of state equation, state 8(Lectures)
transition matrix, state-transition equation, relationship between state equations and high order
differential equations, relationship between state equations and transfer functions,
Decomposition of transfer functions, Controllability and observability, Eigen Value and Eigen
Vector, Diagonalization.

Text Book:
1. I. J. Nagrath & M. Gopal, “Control System Engineering”, 6th Ed. New Age International Publishers, 2018
2. B.C. Kuo & Farid Golnaraghi, “Automatic Control Systems”, 9th Edition, John Wiley India, 2008

Reference Books:
4. Joseph J. Distefano III, Allen R. Stubberud, Ivan J. Williams, “Control Systems”, 3rd Edition, TMH, Special
Indian Edition, 2010.
5. A. Anand Kumar, “Control Systems”, Second Edition, PHI Learning private limited, 2014.
6. William A. Wolovich, “Automatic Control Systems”, Oxford University Press, 2011.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Describe the basics of control systems along with different types of feedback and its effect.
CO2. To explain the techniques such as block diagrams reduction, signal flow graph and modelling of various
physical systems along with modelling of DC servomotor.
CO3. Explain the concept of state variables for the representation of LTI system.
CO4. Interpret the time domain response analysis for various types of inputs along with the time domain
specifications.
CO5. Distinguish the concepts of absolute and relative stability for continuous data systems along with different
methods.
CO6. Interpret the concept of frequency domain response analysis and their specifications.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Engineering Electromagnetics
Course code ECM02
Category Department Course
Course title Engineering Electromagnetics (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
• To introduce the basic mathematical concepts related to electromagnetic fields.
• To impart knowledge on the concepts of electrostatics and its applications.
• To impart knowledge on the concepts of magnetostatics, scalar and vector potential and its applications.
• To impart knowledge on the concepts of Faraday’s law, induced emf, Maxwell’s equations, electromagnetic
waves and Transmission lines.
(i) Engineering Electromagnetics
Unit-1 Cartesian, Cylindrical, Spherical transformation, Vector calculus: Differential length, area 8(Lectures)
and volume, line surface and volume integrals, Deloperator, Gradient, Divergence of a vector,
Divergence theorem, Curl of a vector, Stokes’s theorem, Laplacian of a scalar.
Unit-2 Electrostatic fields and Magnetostatic fields: Electric field intensity, Electric field due to 10(Lectures)
charge distribution, Electric flux density, Continuity equation and relaxation time, boundary
conditions, Magneto-static fields, Ampere’s circuit law, Maxwell’s equation, magnetic scalar
and vector potential, Magnetic boundary conditions, Faraday’s Law, transformer and
motional electromotive forces, Displacement current, Maxwell’s equation in final form.
Unit-3 Waves and Applications: Wave propagation in loss dielectrics, Plane waves in lossless 10 (Lectures)
dielectrics Plane wave in free space. Plain waves in good conductors, Power and the pointing
vector, Reflection of a plain wave in a normal incidence & Oblique Incidence.
Wave propagation in parallel plane waveguide, Analysis of waveguide general approach,
Rectangular waveguide, Modal propagation in rectangular waveguide, Surface currents on the
waveguide walls, Field visualization, Attenuation in waveguide.
Unit-4 Transmission Lines: Equations of Voltage and Current on TX line, Propagation constant and 8 (Lectures)
characteristic impedance, and reflection coefficient and VSWR, Impedance Transformation on
Loss-less and Low loss Transmission line, Power transfer on TX line, Smith Chart,
Applications of transmission lines: Impedance Matching, use transmission line sections as
circuit elements.

Text Book/ Reference Books:

5. MNO Sadiku, “Elements of Electromagnetic’, Oxford University Press.
6. WH Hayt and JA Buck, “Engineering Electromagnetic”, McGraw- Hill Education.
7. EC Jordan and KG Balmain - Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems,PHI.
8. Kraus, John D, and Keith R. Carver. “Electromagnetics”,McGraw-Hill.
Course Outcome:
CO1. Understand the basic mathematical concepts related to electromagnetic fields. .
CO2. Apply the principles of electrostatics to the solutions of problems relating to electric field, boundary
conditions and electric energy density.
CO3. Apply the principles of magneto statics to the solutions of problems relating to magnetic
field and magnetic potential, boundary conditions and magnetic energy density.
CO4. Understand the concepts related to Faraday‘s law, induced emf and Maxwell‘s equations.
CO5. Apply Maxwell’s equations to solutions of problems relating to transmission lines and
uniform plane wave propagation.

Introduction to Digital Signal Processing

 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Course code ECM03

Category Department Course
Course title Digital Signal Processing (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
To describe signals mathematically and understand how to perform mathematical operations on signals.
To provide knowledge of Digital filter.
To discuss multi rate signal processing and application.
Unit-1 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing: Basic elements of digital signal processing, 10 (Lectures)
advantages and disadvantages of digital signal processing, Technology used for DSP.
Digital Systems Realization: Introduction- basic building blocks to represent a digital system,
recursive and non-recursive systems, basic structures of a digital system: Canonic and Non-
Canonic structures. IIR Filter Realization: Direct form, cascade realization, parallel form
realization, Ladder structures- continued fraction expansion of H(z), example of continued
fraction, realization of a ladder structure, design examples. FIR Filter Realization: Direct,
Cascade, FIR Linear Phase Realization and design examples.
Unit-2 Infinite Impulse Response Digital (IIR) Filter Design: Introduction to Filters, Impulse 10(Lectures)
Invariant Transformation, Bi-Linear Transformation, All- Pole Analog Filters: Butterworth
and Chebyshev, Design of Digital Butterworth and Chebyshev Filters, Frequency
Transformations.
Finite Impulse Response Filter (FIR) Design: Windowing and the Rectangular Window,
Gibb’s phenomenon, Other Commonly Used Windows (Hamming, Hanning, Bartlett,
Blackmann, Kaiser), Examples of Filter Designs Using Windows.
Unit-3 DFT & FFT: Definitions, Properties of the DFT, Circular Convolution, Linear Convolution 7(Lectures)
using Circular Convolution, Decimation in Time (DIT) Algorithm, Decimation in Frequency
(DIF) Algorithm.
Unit-4 Quantization, round off errors and overflow errors. 9(Lectures)
Multirate Digital Signal Processing (MDSP): Introduction, Decimation, Interpolation,
Sampling rate conversion: Single and Multistage, applications of MDSP- Subband Coding of
Speech signals, Quadrature mirror filters, Advantages of MDSP.

Text Books:
1. John G Prokias, Dimitris G Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing. Pearson , 4th Edition, 2007
2. Johnny R. Johnson, Digital Signal Processing, PHI Learning Pvt Ltd., 2009.
3. S. Salivahanan, A. Vallavaraj, Digital Signal Processing, TMH, 4th Edition 2017.
4. Oppenheim & Schafer, Digital Signal Processing. Pearson Education 2015
5. S.K. Mitra, ‘Digital Signal Processing–A Computer Based Approach, TMH, 4th Edition.

Course Outcomes: At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Design and describe different types of realizations of digital systems (IIR and FIR) and their utilities.
CO2. Select design parameters of analog IIR digital filters (Butterworth and Chebyshev filters) and implement various
methods such as impulse invariant transformation and bilinear transformation of conversion of analog to digital
filters.
CO3. Design FIR filter using various types of window functions.
CO4. Define the principle of discrete Fourier transform & its various properties and concept of circular and linear
convolution. Also, students will be able to define and implement FFT i.e. a fast computation method of DFT.
CO5. Define the concept of decimation and interpolation. Also, they will be able to implement it in
various practical applications.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Network Analysis and Synthesis

Course code ECM04
Category Department Course
Course title Network Analysis and Synthesis (Theory)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+0
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
• To understand the basic concept of electrical circuits.
• To analyze the Circuits in time and frequency domain
• To study network Topology, network Functions, two port network.
• To synthesize passive network by various methods.
Network Analysis and Synthesis
Unit-1 Node and mesh analysis, matrix approach of network containing voltage & current sources 9 (Lectures)
and reactances, source transformation and duality.
Network theorems: Superposition, reciprocity, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, Maximum power
transfer, compensation and Tallegen's theorem as applied to A.C. circuits.
Unit-2 Review of Laplace transforms, poles and zeroes, initial and final value theorems, The 9(Lectures)
transform circuit, the system function, step and impulse responses, the convolution integral.
Amplitude and phase responses.
Network functions, relation between port parameters, transfer functions using two port
parameters, interconnection of two ports.
Unit-3 Hurwitz polynomials, positive real functions. Properties of real immittance functions, synthesis 9(Lectures)
of LC driving point immittances, properties of RC driving point impedances, synthesis of RC
impedances or RL admittances, properties of RL impedances and RC admittances.
Unit-4 Concept of Poles and Zeroes on the stability, Properties of Open Circuit and Short Circuit 9 (Lectures)
Parameters, Zeroes of transmission, Synthesis of Y21 and Z21 with 1Ω terminations,
Introduction to active network synthesis.

Text/Reference Books
1. Franklin F. Kuo, “Network Analysis and Synthesis,” Wiley India Education, 2nd Ed., 2006.
2. Van, Valkenburg, “Network analysis,” Pearson, 2019.
3. Sudhakar, A., Shyammohan, S. P., “Circuits and Network,” Tata McGraw-Hill NewDelhi,
1994.
4. A William Hayt, “Engineering Circuit Analysis,” 8th Edition, McGraw-Hill Education.
5. A. Anand Kumar, “Network Analysis and Synthesis,” PHI publication, 2019.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course, students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Understand basics electrical circuits with nodal and mesh analysis.
CO2. Appreciate electrical network theorems.
CO3. Apply Laplace transform for steady-state and transient analysis.
CO4. Determine different network functions.
CO5. Appreciate the frequency domain techniques.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Analog and Digital Communication

Course code ECM05
Category Department Course
Course title Analog and Digital Communication (Theory and Lab)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+1
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
• To understand the basic principle of a communication system
• To describe and analyze the mathematical techniques of generation, transmission and
• reception of amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM) and phase
• modulation (PM) signals.
• To understand the behavior of a communication system in presence of noise
• To understand the basic concept of Probability and random process for communication applications.
• To convert analog signals to digital format and describe Pulse and Digital Modulation
• techniques.
• To understand the basics of digital modulation techniques.
(i) Analog and Digital Communication
Unit-1 Introduction: Overview of Communication system, communication channels 9 (Lectures)
Need for modulation, Baseband and Passband signals, Amplitude Modulation: Double
sideband with Carrier (DSB-C), Double sideband without Carrier, Single Side Band
Modulation, DSB-SC, DSB-C, SSB Modulators and Demodulators, Vestigial Side
Band (VSB), Quadrature Amplitude Modulator, Radio Transmitter and Receiver.
Unit-2 Angle Modulation, Tone Modulated FM Signal, Arbitrary Modulated FM 9(Lectures)
Signal, FM Modulators and Demodulators, Approximately Compatible SSB
Systems, Stereophonic FM Broadcasting
Unit-3 Review of probability and random process, Gaussian and white noise characteristics, 8(Lectures)
noise in amplitude modulation systems, noise in frequency modulation systems, pre-
emphasis and de-emphasis, threshold effect in
angle modulation.
Unit-4 Pulse modulation, sampling process, Pulse Amplitude, Pulse Width 10(Lectures)
Modulation, Pulse Position Modulation, and pulse code modulation (PCM),
differential pulse code modulation. Delta modulation, noise considerations in
PCM, Frequency Division Multiplexing, time division multiplexing, digital
multiplexers.
Digital modulation schemes- phase shift keying, frequency shift keying,quadrature
amplitude modulation, continuous phase modulation and
minimum shift keying.
(ii) Analog and Digital Communication Laboratory
Exp-1. To study DSB/ SSB amplitude modulation & determine its modulation factor & power in
side bands.
Exp-2. To study amplitude demodulation by linear diode detector.
Exp-3. To study frequency modulation and determine its modulation factor.
Exp-4. To study sampling and reconstruction of pulse amplitude modulation system.
Exp-5. To study pulse amplitude modulation.
i. Using switching method
ii. By sample and hold circuit
Exp-6. To demodulate the obtained PAM signal by 2nd order LPF.
Exp-7. To study pulse width modulation and pulse position modulation.
Exp-8. To study pulse code modulation and demodulation technique.
Exp-9. To study delta modulation and demodulation technique.
Exp-10. To construct a square wave with the help of fundamental frequency and its harmonic
component.
Exp-11. Study of amplitude shift keying modulator and demodulator.
Exp-12. Study of frequency shift keying modulator and demodulator.
Exp-13. Study of phase shift keying modulator and demodulator.
Exp-14. Study of single bit error detection and correction using hamming code.
Exp-15. Study of quadrature phase shift keying modulator and demodulator.
Exp-16. To simulate differential phase shift keying technique using MATLAB/SCILAB software.
Exp-17. To simulate M-ary Phase shift keying technique using MATLAB/SCILAB software
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

(8PSK,16PSK) and perform BER calculations.

Exp-18. Design a front end BPSK modulator and demodulator.

Text/Reference Books:
1. Haykin S., "Communications Systems," John Wiley and Sons, 2001.
2. Proakis J. G. and Salehi M., "Communication Systems Engineering," Pearson Education,2002.
3. Taub H. and Schilling D.L., "Principles of Communication Systems,” Tata McGraw Hill,
2001.
4. Wozencraft J. M. and Jacobs I. M., “Principles of Communication Engineering,” JohnWiley,
1965.
5. Barry J. R., Lee E. A. and Messerschmitt D. G., “Digital Communication,” KluwerAcademic
Publishers, 2004.
6. Proakis J.G., “Digital Communications',' 4th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2000.
7. Abhay Gandhi, “Analog and Digital Communication,” Cengage publication, 2015.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course, students will demonstrate the ability to:
1. Analyze and compare different analog modulation schemes for their efficiency and bandwidth.
2. Analyze the behavior of a communication system in presence of noise.
3. Investigate pulsed modulation systems and analyze their system performance.
4. Investigate various multiplexing techniques.
5. Analyze different digital modulation schemes and compute the bit error performance.
6. Analyze and compare different analog modulation schemes for their modulation factor and power.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Microprocessor & Microcontrollers

Course code ECM06
Category Department Course
Course title Microprocessor & Microcontrollers (Theory and Lab)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+1
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
This subject deals about the basic 8-bit (8085), 16-bit (8086) micrprocessors and an 8-bit (8051) microcontrollers,
their architecture, internal organization and their functions, interfacing an external device with the processors/
controllers.
(i) Microprocessor & Microcontrollers
Unit-1 8085 Microprocessor: History and Evolution of Microprocessor and their Classification, 9 (Lectures)
Microprocessor architecture and its operations, Memory, Input & output devices, The 8085
MPU- architecture, Pins and signals, Address / Data Bus multiplexing and demultiplexing.
Status and Control signal generation, Timing Diagrams, Logic devices for interfacing,
Memory interfacing, Interfacing output displays, Interfacing input devices, Memory mapped
I/O, 8085 Interrupts, Classification of instructions, addressing modes,.
Unit-2 16-bit Microprocessors (8086): Architecture, Pin Description, Physical address, 9(Lectures)
segmentation, memory organization, Addressing modes. Peripheral Devices: 8237 DMA
Controller, 8255 programmable peripheral interface, 8253/8254 programmable
timer/counter, 8259 programmable interrupt controller, 8251 USART and RS232C.
Unit-3 8051 Microcontroller Basics: Inside the Computer, Microcontrollers and Embedded 9(Lectures)
Processors, Block Diagram of 8051, PSW and Flag Bits, 8051 Register Banks and Stack,
Internal Memory Organization of 8051, IO Port Usage in 8051, Types of Special Function
Registers and their uses in 8051, Pins Of 8051. Memory Address Decoding, 8031/51
Interfacing With External ROM And RAM. 8051 Addressing Modes. Classification of
instructions.
Unit-4 Block diagram of Advanced Microprocessor, Memory Hierarchy, Cache memory, Virtual 9(Lectures)
memory, Paging & segmentation, Pipe lining – Pipe line hazards. Features and comparison
of 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium IV.
(ii) Microprocessor & Microcontrollers Laboratory
Exp-1. Write a program using 8085 Microprocessor for Decimal, Hexadecimal addition and subtraction of two
Numbers.
Exp-2. Write a program using 8085 Microprocessor for addition and subtraction of two BCD numbers.
Exp-3. To perform multiplication and division of two 8 bit numbers using 8085.
Exp-4. To find the largest and smallest number in an array of data using 8085 instruction set.
Exp-5. To write a program to arrange an array of data in ascending and descending order.
Exp-6. To convert given Hexadecimal number into its equivalent ASCII number and vice versa using 8085
instruction set.
Exp-7. To write a program to initiate 8251 and to check the transmission and reception of character.
Exp-8. To interface 8253 programmable interval timer to 8085 and verify the operation of 8253 in six different
modes.
Exp-9. To interface DAC with 8085 to demonstrate the generation of square, saw tooth and triangular wave.
Exp-10. Serial communication between two 8085 through RS-232 C port.
Exp-11. Write a program of Flashing LED connected to port 1 of the 8051 Micro Controller
Exp-12. Write a program to generate 10 kHz square wave using 8051.
Exp-13. Write a program to show the use of INT0 and INT1 of 8051.
Exp-14. Write a program for temperature & to display on intelligent LCD display.

Text Book:
1. Ramesh Gaonkar, “Microprocessor Architecture, Programming, and Applications with the 8085”,
5th Edition, Penram International Publication (India) Pvt. Ltd.,2009
2. D. V. Hall : Microprocessors Interfacing, TMH (2nd Edition),2006
3. Mazidi Ali Muhammad, Mazidi Gillispie Janice, and McKinlay Rolin D., “The 8051
Microcontroller and Embedded Systems using Assembly and C”, Pearson, 2nd Edition,2006
Reference Books:
6. AK Roy & KM Bhurchandi, “Advance Microprocessor and Peripherals (Architecture,Programming
& Interfacing)”, Tata McGraw Hill Publication.
7. Kenneth L. Short, “Microprocessors and programmed Logic”, 2nd Ed, Pearson Education Inc.,2003.
8. Barry B. Brey, “The Intel Microprocessors, 8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286, 80386, 80486,
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Pentium, PentiumPro Processor, PentiumII, PentiumIII, Pentium IV, Architecture, Programming &
Interfacing”, Eighth Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2009.
9. Shah Satish, “8051 Microcontrollers MCS 51 Family and its variants”, Oxford,2010
10. V. Udayashankara, M.S. Mallikajunaswamy, “8051 Microcontroller Hardware, Software and
Applications”, McGraw-Hill, 2017

Course Outcomes:
Students are able to
CO1. Recall and apply a basic concept of digital fundamentals to Microprocessor based personal computer
system.
CO2. Identify a detailed s/w & h/w structure of the Microprocessor.
CO3. Illustrate how the different peripherals are interfaced with Microprocessor.
CO4. Distinguish and analyze the properties of Microprocessors & Microcontrollers.
CO5. Analyze the data transfer information through serial & parallel ports.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Electronics Devices
Course code ECM07
Category Department Course
Course title Electronics Devices (Theory and Lab)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+1
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
• To introduce the concept of Basic crystal properties.
• To introduce the concept of semiconductor physics and its fundamentals.
• To introduce the concept of carrier transport in semiconductors and design resistors.
• To introduce semiconductor devices BJT, MOS capacitor and MOSFET, their characteristics, and operations.
• To analyze and interpret MOSFET circuits for small signal at low and high frequencies.
• To study the different types of optoelectronic devices.
(i) Electronics Devices
Unit-1 Crystal Properties: Elemental and compound semiconductor materials, crystal lattice 8 (Lectures)
structure; Introduction to semiconductor physics: Review of quantum mechanics,
electrons in periodic lattices, E-k diagrams.
Unit-2 Energy bands in intrinsic and extrinsic silicon, carrier transport, diffusioncurrent, drift 8(Lectures)
current, mobility and resistivity, sheet resistance, design of
resistors.
Unit-3 Generation and recombination of carriers, Poisson and continuity equation 10(Lectures)
P-N junction characteristics, I-V characteristics, and small signal switching models,
Avalanche breakdown, Zener diode, Schottky diode, Photodiodes, solar cell, light
emitting diodes, semiconductor lasers, light emitting materials.
Unit-4 Transistors: MOS capacitor: C-V characteristics; MOSFET: I-V characteristics, and small 6 (Lectures)
signal models of MOS transistor; Bipolar Junction Transistor: I-V characteristics, Ebers-
Moll model.
(ii) Electronics Devices Laboratory
EXP-1 Study of Lab Equipment and Components: CRO, multimeter, and function generator, power
supply- active, passive components and bread board.
EXP-2 P-N Junction diode: Characteristics of PN junction diode - static and dynamic resistance
measurement from graph.
EXP-3 Applications of PN Junction diode: Half wave rectifier- Measurement of Vrms, Vdc, and ripple
factor.
EXP-4 Applications of PN Junction diode: Full wave rectifier- Measurement of Vrms, Vdc, and ripple
factor.
EXP-5 Characteristics of Zener diode: V-I characteristics of Zener diode, graphical measurement of
forward and reverse resistance.
EXP-6 Characteristics of Photo diode: V-I characteristics of photo diode, graphical measurement
of forward and reverse resistance.
EXP-7 Characteristics of Solar cell: V-I characteristics of solar cell, graphical measurement of forward
and reverse resistance.
EXP-8 Application of Zener diode: Zener diode as voltage regulator. Measurement ofpercentage
regulation by varying load resistor.
EXP-9 Characteristic of BJT: BJT in CE configuration- graphical measurement of h- parameters
from input and output characteristics. Measurement of Av, AI, Ro and Ri of CE amplifier with
potential divider biasing.
EXP-10 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors: Single stage MOSFET amplifier –plot of gain in
dB Vs frequency, measurement of, bandwidth, input impedance, maximum signal handling capacity
(MSHC) of an amplifier.
EXP-11 Simulation of amplifier circuits studied in the lab using any available simulation software and
measurement of bandwidth and other parameters with the help of simulation software.

Text /Reference Books:

1. G. Streetman, and S. K. Banerjee, “Solid State Electronic Devices,” 7th edition, Pearson,
2014.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

2. D. Neamen , D. Biswas, "Semiconductor Physics and Devices," McGraw-Hill Education.

3. S. M. Sze and K. N. Kwok, “Physics of Semiconductor Devices,” 3rd edition, John Wiley
&Sons, 2006.
4. C.T. Sah, “Fundamentals of Solid State Electronics,” World Scientific Publishing Co. Inc,
1991.
5. Y. Tsividis and M. Colin, “Operation and Modeling of the MOS Transistor,” Oxford univ.
press, 2011.
6. Muhammad H. Rashid, “Electronic Devices and Circuits,” Cengage publication, 2014.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Understand the principles of semiconductor Physics.
CO2. Understand and utilize the mathematical models of semiconductor junctions.
CO3. Understand carrier transport in semiconductors and design resistors.
CO4. Utilize the mathematical models of MOS transistors for circuits and systems.
CO5. Analyze and find application of special purpose devices.
CO6. Understand working of basic electronics lab equipment.
CO7. Understand working of Diode, BJT, FET, MOSFET and apply the concept in designing of
amplifiers.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Digital Electronics & Logic Design

Course code ECM08
Category Department Course
Course title Digital Electronics & Logic Design (Theory and Lab)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+1
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
• To introduce the concept of digital and binary systems
• To analyze and design MSI devices.
• To design and analyze sequential logic circuits.
• To design and analyze Logic families and semiconductor memories.
• To design and analyze Logic families and semiconductor memories.
• To understand the different Logic families and semiconductor memories
(i) Digital Electronics & Logic Design
Unit-1 Logic simplification and combinational logic design: Binary codes, codeconversion, 9 (Lectures)
review of Boolean algebra and Demorgans theorem, SOP &
POS forms, Canonical forms, Karnaugh maps up to 6 variables, tabulationmethod.
MSI devices like comparators, multiplexers, encoder, decoder, driver &
multiplexed display, half and full adders, subtractors, serial and paralleladders, BCD adder,
barrel shifter and ALU.
Unit-2 Sequential logic design: Building blocks like S-R, JK and Master-Slave JK FF, edge triggered 9(Lectures)
FF, state diagram, state reduction, design of sequential circuits, ripple and synchronous
counters, shift registers, finite state machines, design of synchronous FSM, algorithmic state
machines charts. Designing synchronous circuits like pulse train generator, pseudo random
binary sequence generator, clock generation.
Unit-3 Logic families and semiconductor memories: TTL NAND gate,specifications, noise margin, 9(Lectures)
propagation delay, fan-in, fan-out, tristate TTL, ECL, CMOS families and their interfacing,
memory elements,
concept of programmable logic devices like FPGA, logic implementation using programmable
devices.
Unit-4 Digital-to-Analog converters (DAC): Weighted resistor, R-2R ladder, resistor string etc. 9 (Lectures)
analog-to-digital converters (ADC): single slope, dual slope, successive approximation, flash
etc. switched capacitor circuits: Basic concept, practical configurations, application in
amplifier, integrator,
ADC etc.
(ii) Digital Electronics & Logic Design Laboratory
EXP-1 Introduction to digital electronics lab- nomenclature of digital ICs, specifications, study of
the data sheet, Concept of Vcc and ground, verification of the truth tables of logic gates using
TTL ICs.
EXP-2 Implementation of the given Boolean function using logic gates in both SOP and POS
forms.
EXP-3 Verification of state tables of RS, JK, T and D flip-flops using NAND & NOR gates.
EXP-4 Implementation and verification of Decoder using logic gates.
EXP-5 Implementation and verification of Encoder using logic gates.
EXP-6 Implementation of 4:1 multiplexer using logic gates.
EXP-7 Implementation of 1:4 demultiplexer using logic gates.
EXP-8 Implementation of 4-bit parallel adder using 7483 IC.
EXP-9 Design, and verify the 4-bit synchronous counter.
EXP-10 Design, and verify the 4-bit asynchronous counter.
EXP-11 Implementation of Mini Project using digital integrated circuits and other components.

Text/Reference Books:
1. R.P. Jain, “Modern Digital Electronics,” Tata McGraw Hill, 4th edition, 2009.
2. A. Anand Kumar, “Fundamental of Digital Circuits,” PHI 4th edition, 2018.
3. W.H. Gothmann, “Digital Electronics- An Introduction to Theory and Practice,” PHI, 2nd
edition, 2006.
4. D.V. Hall, “Digital Circuits and Systems,” Tata McGraw Hill, 1989.
5. A. K. Singh, “Foundation of Digital Electronics & Logic Design,” New Age Int.Publishers.
6. Subrata Ghosal, “Digital Electronics,” Cengage publication, 2nd edition, 2018
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Course outcomes:
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Design and analyze combinational logic circuits.
CO2. Design and analyze modular combinational circuits with MUX / DEMUX, Decoder & Encoder
CO3. Design & analyze synchronous sequential logic circuits.
CO4. Analyze various logic families.
CO5. Design ADC and DAC and implement in amplifier, integrator, etc.
CO6. Design & build mini project using digital ICs.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation

Course code ECM09
Category Department Course
Course title Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation (Theory and Lab)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+1
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
To introduce to the students the operation of various electronic Instruments which are used to measure the electronic
parameters.
(i). Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation
Unit-1 Unit, dimensions and standards: Scientific notations and metric prefixes. SI electrical units, 9 (Lectures)
SI temperature scales, Other unit systems, dimensions and standards.
Measurement Errors: Gross error, systematic error, absolute error and relative error,
accuracy, precision, resolution and significant figures, Measurement error combination, basics
of statistical analysis.
Review of indicating and integrating instruments: PMMC instrument, Galvanometer, DC
ammeter, DC voltmeter, Series ohm meter.
Unit-2 Electronic Instruments : Transistor voltmeter circuits, AC electronic voltmeter, current 9(Lectures)
measurement with electronic instruments, probes
Digital voltmeter systems, Digital multimeter, digital frequency meter System. Instrument
calibration: Comparison method, digital multimeter as standard instrument, calibration
instrument, Recorders: X-Y recorders, plotters Transducers.
Unit-3 Measuring Methods: Voltmeter and ammeter methods, Wheatstone bridge, low resistance 10(Lectures)
measurements, Low Resistance Measuring Instruments, AC bridge theory, capacitance
bridges, Inductance bridges, Q meter.
CRO: CRT, Wave Form Display, Time Base, Dual Trace Oscilloscope, measurement of
voltage, frequency and phase by CRO, Oscilloscope probes, Delay time based
Oscilloscopes, Sampling Oscilloscope, DSO, DSO applications.
Unit-4 Instrumentation: Transducers, classification & selection of transducers, strain gauges, 8(Lectures)
Thermistors, Thermocouples, LVDT, Inductive & capacitive transducers, Piezoelectric and
Hall-effect transducers, Measurement of motion, force, pressure, temperature, flow and liquid
level, basic concepts of smart sensors and application, Data Acquisition Systems
(ii). Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation Laboratory
Exp-1. Study of semiconductor diode voltmeter and its use as DC average responding AC voltmeter.
Exp-2. Study of L.C.R. Bridge and determination of the value of the given components.
Exp-3. Study of distortion factor meter and determination of the % distortion of the given oscillator.
Exp-4. Study of the transistor tester and determination of the parameters of the giventransistors.
Exp-5. Study of the following transducer (i) PT-100 transducer (ii) J- type transducer (iii) K-type
transducer (iv) Pressure transducer
Exp-6. Measurement of phase difference and frequency using CRO (Lissajous Figure)
Exp-7. Measurement of low resistance Kelvin’s double bridge.
Exp-8. To measure unknown capacitance of small capacitors by using Schering’s bridge.
Exp-9. To measure unknown Inductance using Hay’s bridge.
Exp-10. To measure unknown frequency using Wein’s frequency bridge.

Text Book:
1. David A. Bell, “Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements”, Oxford UniversityPress.
2. A K Sawhney, “Electrical & Electronic Measurement & Instrument”, DhanpatRai& Sons,
India (1976)
3. BC Nakra& K. Chaudhary, “Instrumentation, Measurement and Analysis,” Tata McGraw
Hill 2nd Edition (2006)
4. Purkait, “Electrical & Electronics Measurement & Instrumentation”, TMH (2004)

Reference Books:
7. Forest K. Harris, “Electrical Measurement”, Willey Eastern Pvt. Ltd. India (2003)
8. M. Stout , “Basic Electrical Measurement”, Prentice Hall of India (1970)
9. WD Cooper, “Electronic Instrument & Measurement Technique”, Prentice Hall International(2001)
10. EW Golding & F.C. Widdis, “Electrical Measurement &Measuring Instrument”, AW sWheeler & Co. Pvt. Ltd.
India(2002)
11. Oliver and Cage, “Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation”, Tata McGrawHill Publication.
12. Alan S. Morris, “Measurement and Instrumentation Principles”, Elsevier (Buterworth Heinmann).
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Course Outcomes:
Students would be able to:
CO1. Understand operation of different instruments.
CO2. Describe different terminology related to measurements.
CO3. Understand the various types of instrument calibration techniques.
CO4. Under the operation of different type of transducers.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Analog Circuits
Course code ECM10
Category Department Course
Course title Analog Circuits (Theory and Lab)
Scheme and Credits Credits 3+1
Pre-requisites (if any) -
Course Objective:
• To describe and analyze the Diode circuits and basic amplifier models
• To understand the various feedback topologies.
• To describe the concept of Oscillators and their types.
• To understand the basic topology and variants of Current mirror circuits.
• To understand the concept of differential amplifiers.
• To understand the basic concept of Op-Amp and its use in various applications.
• To design basic active filters.
(iii) Analog Circuits
Unit-1 Diode circuits, amplifier models: Voltage amplifier, current amplifier, trans-conductance 9 (Lectures)
amplifier and trans-resistance amplifier. biasing schemes for BJT and FET amplifiers, bias
stability, various configurations (such as CE/CS, CB/CG, CC/CD) and their features, small
signal analysis, low frequency transistor models, estimation of voltage gain, input resistance,
output resistance etc., design procedure for particular specifications, low frequency analysis
of multistage amplifiers.
Unit-2 High frequency transistor models, frequency response of single stage and multistage 9(Lectures)
amplifiers, cascode amplifier, various classes of operation (Class A, B, AB, C etc.), their
power efficiency and linearity issues, feedback topologies: Voltage series, current series,
voltage shunt, current shunt, effect of feedback on gain, bandwidth etc., calculation with
practical circuits, concept of stability, gain margin and phase margin.
Unit-3 Oscillators: Review of the basic concept, Barkhausen criterion, RCoscillators (phase shift, 9(Lectures)
Wien bridge etc.), LC oscillators (Hartley, Colpitt, Clapp etc.), non-sinusoidal oscillators.
Current mirror: Basic topology and its variants, V-I characteristics, output resistance and
minimum sustainable voltage (VON), maximum usable load, differential amplifier: Basic
structure and principle of operation, calculation of differential gain, common mode gain,
CMRR and ICMR
Unit-4 Op-Amp design: Design of differential amplifier for a given specification, 9(Lectures)
design of gain stages and output stages, compensation.
Op-Amp applications: Review of inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, integrator and
differentiator, summing amplifier, precision rectifier, Schmitt trigger and its applications,
active filters: Low pass, high pass, band pass and band stop, design guidelines.
(iv) Analog Circuits Laboratory
Exp-1. Characteristic of BJT: Study of BJT in various configurations (such as CE/CS, CB/CG, CC/CD).
Exp-2. BJT in CE configuration: Graphical measurement of h-parameters from input and output
characteristics, measurement of Av, AI, Ro and Ri of CE amplifier with potential divider biasing.
Exp-3. Study of Multi-stage amplifiers: Frequency response of single stage and multistage amplifiers.
Exp-4. Feedback topologies: Study of voltage series, current series, voltage shunt, current shunt, effect
of feedback on gain, bandwidth etc.
Exp-5. Measurement of Op-Amp parameters: Common mode gain, differential mode gain, CMRR,
slew rate.
Exp-6. Applications of Op-Amp: Op-Amp as summing amplifier, difference amplifier, integrator and
differentiator.
Exp-7. Field effect transistors: Single stage common source FET amplifier –plot of gain in dB vs
frequency, measurement of bandwidth, input impedance, maximum signal handling capacity
(MSHC) of an amplifier.
Exp-8. Oscillators: Study of sinusoidal oscillators- RC oscillators (phase shift, Wien bridge etc.).
Exp-9. Study of LC oscillators (Hartley, Colpitt, Clapp etc.),
Exp-10. Study of non-sinusoidal oscillators.
Exp-11. Simulation of amplifier circuits studied in the lab using any available simulation software and
measurement of bandwidth and other parameters with the help of simulation software.
Exp-12. ADC/DAC: Design and study of Analog to Digital Converter.
Exp-13. Design and study of Digital to Analog Converter.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Text/Reference Books:
1. J.V. Wait, L.P. Huelsman and GA Korn, “Introduction to Operational Amplifier theoryand
applications,” Mc Graw Hill, 1992.
2. J. Millman and A. Grabel, “Microelectronics,” 2nd edition, McGraw Hill, 1988.
3. P. Horowitz and W. Hill, “The Art of Electronics,” 2nd edition, Cambridge University
Press, 1989.
4. A.S. Sedra and K.C. Smith, “Microelectronic Circuits,” Saunder's College11 Publishing,4th
edition.
5. Paul R. Gray and Robert G. Meyer, “Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits,”
John Wiley, 3rd edition.
6. Muhammad H. Rashid, “Electronic Devices and Circuits,” Cengage publication, 2014.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
CO1. Understand the characteristics of diodes and transistors.
CO2. Design and analyze various rectifier and amplifier circuits.
CO3. Design sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal oscillators.
CO4. Understand the functioning of OP-AMP and design OP-AMP based circuits.
CO5. Design LPF, HPF, BPF, BSF.
CO6. Design ADC and DAC.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Additional Level Courses for B. Tech Honours

Detailed Syllabus
Course Code : ECH01
Course Title : RF MEMS Circuit
Number of Credits 3+0
Prerequisites : NONE
(Course code)

Course Objective:
To impart knowledge on basics of MEMS and their applications in RF circuit design.

Unit Topics Lectures

I Introduction to Micromachining Processes. RF MEMS relays and switches. 9
Switch parameters.Actuation mechanisms. Bi-stable relays and micro actuators.
Dynamics of switching operation.
II MEMS inductors and capacitors. Micro machined inductor. Effect of inductor 9
layout. Modeling anddesign issues of planar inductor. Gap-tuning and area-tuning
capacitors. Dielectric tunable capacitors.
III MEMS phase shifters. Types. Limitations. Switched delay lines. Fundamentals of 9
RF MEMS Filters.Micro machined transmission lines. Coplanar lines.
IV Micro machined directional coupler and mixer. Micro machined antennas. Micro 9
strip antennas –design parameters. Micromachining to improve performance. Re
configurable antennas.

Text Book
1. Vijay.K.Varadanetal, “RF MEMS and their Applications”, Wiley-India, 2011.

Reference Books
1. H.J.D.Santos, “RF MEMS Circuit Design for Wireless Communications”, Artech House,2002.
2. G.M.Rebeiz, “RF MEMS Theory, Design, and Technology”, Wiley, 2003.
3. Recent literature in RF MEMS Circuit Design.

Course outcomes
At the end of the course student will be able
CO1: learn the Micro machining Processes
CO2: learn the design and applications of RF MEMS inductors and capacitors.
CO3: learn about RF MEMS Filters and RF MEMS Phase Shifters.
CO4: learn about the suitability of micro machined transmission lines for RF MEMS
CO5: learn about the Micro machined Antennas and Reconfigurable Antennas
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Course Code : ECH02

Course Title : Bio MEMs
Number of Credits 3+0
Prerequisites : NONE
(Course code)

Course Objective:
To train the students in the design aspects of Bio MEMS devices and Systems. To make the students aware of
applications in various medical specialists especially the Comparison of conventions methods and Bio MEMS
usage.

Unit Topics Lectures

I Introduction-The driving force behind Biomedical Applications-Biocompatibility- 10
Reliability Considerations-Regularity Considerations-Organizations-Education of Bio
MEMS-Silicon Micro fabrication-Soft Fabrication techniques
Micro fluidic Principles- Introduction-Transport Processes- Electro kinetic Phenomena-
Micro valves –Micro mixers- Micro-pumps.
II SENSOR PRINCIPLES and MICRO SENSORS: Introduction-Fabrication-Basic Sensors- 10
Optical fibers- Piezo electricity and SAW devices-Electrochemical detection-Applications
in Medicine
MICRO ACTUATORS and DRUG DELIVERY: Introduction-Activation Methods-Micro
actuatorsfor Micro fluidics-equivalent circuit representation-Drug Delivery
III MICRO TOTAL ANALYSIS: Lab on Chip-Capillary Electrophoresis Arrays-cell, 8
molecule and Particle Handling-Surface Modification-Microsphere-Cell based Bioassay
Systems
IV Detection and Measurement Methods-Emerging Bio MEMS Technology-Packaging, 8
Power, Dataand RF Safety-Biocompatibility, Standards

Text Book
1. S.S. Saliterman,” Fundamentals of Bio MEMS and Medical Micro devices”, WileyInterscience,
2006.

Reference Books
1. A. Folch ,”Introduction to Bio MEMS”, CRC Press,2012
2. G.A. Urban, “Bio MEMS”, Springer,2006
3. W. wang, S.A. Soper,” Bio MEMS”, 2006.
4. M. J. Madou, “Fundamental of Micro fabrication”,2002.
5. G.T. A. Kovacs, “Micro machined Transducers Source book”, 1998.
6. Recent literature in Bio MEMS.

Course outcomes
At the end of the course student will be able
CO1: learn and realize the MEMS applications in Bio Medical Engineering
CO2: understand the Micro fluidic Principles and study its applications.
CO3: learn the applications of Sensors in Health Engineering.
CO4: learn the principles of Micro Actuators and Drug Delivery system
CO5: learn the principles and applications of Micro Total Analysis
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Course Code : ECH04

Course Title : Digital Signal Processors and Applications
Number of Credits 3+0
Prerequisites : Digital Signal Processing
(Course code)

Course Objective:
To give an exposure to the various fixed point & a floating point DSP architectures and to develop applications using
these processors.
Unit Topics Lectures
I Fixed-point DSP architectures. Basic Signal processing system. Need for DSPs. Difference 9
between DSP and other microprocessor architectures. Overview of Motorola and Analog
Device DSPs. TMS320C54X, ADSP21XX, DSP56XX architecture details. Addressing
modes. Control and repeat operations. Interrupts. Pipeline operation. Memory Map and Buses.
II Floating-point DSP architectures. TMS320C3X, DSP96XX architectures. Cache architecture. 9
Floating-point Data formats. On-chip peripherals. Memory Map and Buses. On-chip
peripherals. Hardware details and its programming. Clock generator with PLL. Serial
port. McBSP. Parallel port. DMA. EMIF. I2C. Real-time-clock (RTC). Watchdog timer.
III Interfacing. Serial interface- Audio codec. Sensors - Humidity/temperature sensor, flow 9
sensor, accelerometer, pulse sensor and finger print scanner. A/D and D/A interfaces. Parallel
interface Memory interface. RF transceiver interface – Wi-Fi and Zigbee modules.
IV DSP tools and applications. MAC, filter design, implementation of DFT, echo cancellation, 9
spectrum analyzer. QPSK Modem, Speech processing. Video processing, Video
Encoding/Decoding. Biometrics. Machine Vision. High performance computing (HPC).
Text Books
1. B. Venkataramani & M. Bhaskar, “Digital Signal Processor, Architecture, Programming and
Applications”,(2/e), McGraw- Hill,2010.
2. S. Srinivasan & Avtar Singh, “Digital Signal Processing, Implementations using DSP Microprocessors with
Examples from TMS320C54X”, Brooks/Cole, 2004.
Reference Books
1. S. M. Kuo & W. S. S. Gan,” Digital Signal Processors: Architectures, Implementations, and Applications”,
Printice Hall, 2004
2. C. Marven & G. Ewers, “A Simple approach to digital signal processing”, Wiley Inter science, 1996
3. R. A. Haddad & T. W. Parson, “Digital Signal Processing: Theory, Applications and Hardware”,
Computer Science Press NY, 1991
4. http://www.nptelvideos.in/2012/11/embedded-systems.html (NPTEL Video by Dr. Santanu from IIT Delhi)

Course outcomes
At the end of the course student will be able
CO1 understand the architecture of fixed point DSPs.
CO2 explain the architecture of floating point DSPs
CO3 analyze the features of on-chip peripheral devices.
CO4 connect various application devices through interfacing.
CO5 use digital signal processing algorithms for various real time applications.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Course Code : ECH05

Course Title : Advanced Digital Signal Processing
Number of Credits 3+0
Prerequisites : ECE304
(Course code)

Course Objective:
To provide rigorous foundations in discrete-time stochastic process, optimum filter,adaptive filter, power
spectrum estimation and frequency estimation.

Unit Topics Lectures

I Discrete-Time Random Process : Random Process: Ensemble average, Gaussian processes, 9
Stationary process, autocovariance and autocorrelation matrices, ergodicity, white noise, power
spectrum. Filtering random processes. Spectral factorization. ARMA, AR and MA processes.
Harmonic processes. Linear mean square estimation. Parameter estimation Bias and
consistency.
II Optimum Linear filter and linear prediction : FIR Wiener filter. Orthogonality principle 10
in linear mean square estimation. IIR Wiener filter: Non-causal Wiener filter and causal
Wiener filter. Linear prediction. Forward and backward linear prediction. Levinson-Durbin
algorithm.
Adaptive Filters : Adaptive filters. FIR adaptive filter. The steepest decent adaptive filter.
LMS algorithm. Convergence of adaptive algorithms. Normalized LMS algorithm. Adaptive
noise cancellation. Exponentially weighted RLS algorithm
III Power Spectrum Estimation: Spectrum estimation. Estimation of autocorrelation. 9
Periodogram method. Performance of the periodogram. Nonparametric methods: Bartlett’s
method, Welch methodand Blackman-Tukey method. Performance comparisons. Minimum
variance spectrum estimation. Parametric methods: AR spectrum estimation. Model
parameter-Yule Walker equations.
IV Frequency Estimation: Eigen analysis of autocorrelation matrix. Pisarenko Harmonic 8
Decomposition. MUSIC method. ESPRIT method. Minimum variance frequency
estimation. Propagator method.

Text Books
1. M.H.Hayes,” Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modeling”, John-Wiley, 2001.
2. S.Haykin, “Adaptive Filter Theory (4/e)”, Prentice- Hall, 2002.
Reference Books
1. D.G.Manolakis, V. K. Ingle, and S. M. Kogon ,”Statistical and Adaptive Signal Processing”,
McGraw-Hill,2005
2. S.L.Marple,”Digital Spectral Analysis”, 1987.
3. Recent literature in Advanced Digital Signal Processing.
Course outcomes
At the end of the course student will be able
CO1: To understand and analyze discrete-time random processes and employ the concept of stochastic processes to
analyses linear systems.
CO2: To select linear filtering and prediction techniques to engineering problems.
CO3: To describe the most important adaptive filter generic problems and various adaptive filteralgorithms.
CO4: To derive and analyses the statistical properties of the conventional spectral estimators, nonparametric and
parametric estimation method.
CO5: To select an appropriate array processing algorithm for frequency estimation
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Course Code : ECH07

Course Title : Design of ASICs
Number of Credits 4+0
Prerequisites : NONE
(Course code)

Course Objective:
• To prepare the student to be an entry-level industrial standard ASIC or FPGA designer.
• To give the student an understanding of issues and tools related to ASIC/FPGA design and implementation.
• To give the student an understanding of basics of System on Chip and Platform based design.
• To give the student an understanding of High performance algorithms
Unit Topics Lectures
I Introduction to Technology, Types of ASICs, VLSI Design flow, Economics of ASICs, ASIC Cell 9
Libraries, Design and Layout Rules, Programmable ASICs - Antifuse, SRAM, EPROM, EEPROM
based ASICs. Programmable ASIC logic cells and I/O cells - Actel, Altera, Xilinx. Programmable
interconnects - Actel, Altera, Xilinx. Advanced FPGAs and CPLDs and Soft-core processors. Self-
Study: Multi-core processors, High performance computing (HPC), Cache, High speed memories
(DDR4), High speed serdes (56Gbps, PAM4), GPU
II ASIC physical design issues, System Partitioning, Estimating ASIC Size, FPGA Partitioning, 9
Floor planning and Placement. Algorithms: K-L, FM, Look-ahead, Simulated annealing
algorithms. Full Custom Design: Basics, Needs & Applications. Schematic and layout basics, Full
Custom DesignFlow.
Semicustom Approach: Synthesis (RTL to GATE netlist) - Introduction to Constraints (SDC),
Introduction to Static Timing Analysis (STA). Place and Route (Logical to Physical
Implementation):Floorplan and Power-Plan, Placement, Clock Tree Synthesis (clock planning),
Routing, Timing Optimization, GDS generation.
III Overview of Extraction, Logical equivalence and STA: Parasitic Extraction Flow, STA: Timing 9
Flow,LEC. Introduction to Physical Verification flow and Tools used: Introduction, DRC, LVS
and basics of DFM. High performance algorithms for FPGA & ASICs – Multipliers - Serial and
Parallel approaches, Canonic Signed Digit Arithmetic, KCM, Distributed Arithmetic, High
performance digital filters for sigma-delta ADC.
IV System-On-Chip Design - SoC Design Flow, Platform-based and IP based SoC Designs, Basic 9
Concepts of Bus-Based Communication Architectures, Bus Data transfer modes. On-chip bus
architectures, Socket based on-chip bus interface standards. Case study: FSM design, clock domain
crossing, FIFOs. Core (ARM) and IOs (I2C, PWM, GPIO, SPI, NAND, Ethernet, USB, High speed
serdes etc. are interconnected through AXI/APB buses (protocols and interconnects)

Text Books
1. M.J.S. Smith : Application Specific Integrated Circuits, Pearson, 2003
2. Sudeep Pasricha and NikilDutt, On-Chip Communication Architectures System on ChipInterconnect,
Elsevier, 2008.
Reference Books
1. H.Gerez, Algorithms for VLSI Design Automation, John Wiley, 1999
2. Jan.M.Rabaey et al, Digital Integrated Circuit Design Perspective (2/e), PHI 2003
3. David A.Hodges, Analysis and Design of Digital Integrated Circuits (3/e), MGH 2004
4. Hoi-Jun Yoo, Kangmin Leeand Jun Kyong Kim, Low-Power NoC for High-Performance SoCDesign,
CRC Press, 2008
5. An Integrated Formal Verification solution DSM sign-off market trends,
www.cadence.com.
Course outcomes
At the end of the course student will be able
CO1: demonstrate VLSI tool-flow and appreciate FPGA and CPLD architectures
CO2: understand the issues involved in ASIC design. Understand Full Custom Design Flowand Tool used.
CO3: understand Semicustom Design Flow and Tool used - from RTL to GDS and Logicalto Physical Implementation.
CO4: understand about STA, LEC, DRC, LVS, DFM.
CO5: understand the System on Chip Design and On-chip communication architectureswith case studies.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Course Code : ECH08

Course Title : VLSI DESIGN AUTOMATION
Number of Credits 4+0
Prerequisites : NONE
(Course code)

Course learning Objectives

• Understand the concepts of Physical Design Process such as partitioning, Floor planning,
Placement and Routing.
• Discuss the concepts of design optimization algorithms and their application to physical design
automation.
• Understand the concepts of simulation and synthesis in VLSI Design Automation
• Formulate CAD design problems using algorithmic methods
Unit Topics Lectures
I VLSI design automation tools- algorithms and system design. Structural and logic design. 9
Transistorlevel design. Layout design. Verification methods. Design management tools.
Layout compaction, placement and routing. Design rules, symbolic layout. Applications
of compaction. Formulation methods. Algorithms for constrained graph compaction.
II Circuit representation. Wire length estimation. Placement algorithms. Partitioning 9
algorithms.
Floor planning and routing- floor planning concepts. Shape functions and floor planning
sizing. Localrouting. Area routing. Channel routing, global routing and its algorithms.
III Simulation and logic synthesis- gate level and switch level modeling and simulation. 9
Introduction to combinational logic synthesis. ROBDD principles, implementation,
construction and manipulation. Two level logic synthesis.
IV High-level synthesis- hardware model for high level synthesis. Internal representation of 9
input algorithms. Allocation, assignment and scheduling. Scheduling algorithms. Aspects
of assignment. High level transformations.
Text Books
1. S.H. Gerez, “Algorithms for VLSI Design Automation”, JohnWiley, 1998.
2. N.A.Sherwani, “Algorithms for VLSI Physical Design Automation”, (3/e),Kluwer, 1999.

Reference Books
1. S.M. Sait, H. Youssef, “VLSI Physical Design Automation”, World scientific,1999.
2. M.Sarrafzadeh, “Introduction to VLSI Physical Design”, McGraw Hill (IE),1996.
3. Recent literature in Physical Design Automation.

Course outcomes
At the end of the course student will be able
CO1: know how to place the blocks and how to partition the blocks while for designing thelayout for IC.
CO2: solve the performance issues in circuit layout.
CO3: analyze physical design problems and Employ appropriate automation algorithms forpartitioning, floor
planning, placement and routing
CO4: decompose large mapping problem into pieces, including logic optimization withpartitioning,
placement and routing
CO5: analyze circuits using both analytical and CAD tools
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Course Code : ECH10

Course Title : Digital System Design
Number of Credits 4+0
Prerequisites : ECE202
(Course code)

Course Objective:
To get an idea about designing complex, high speed digital systems and how to implementsuch design.

Unit Topics Lectures

I Mapping algorithms into Architectures: Datapath synthesis, control structures, critical path and worst 9
case timing analysis. FSM and Hazards.
Combinational network delay. Power and energy optimization in combinational logic circuit.
Sequential machine design styles. Rules for clocking. Performance analysis.
II Sequencing static circuits. Circuit design of latches and flip-flops. Static sequencing element 9
methodology. Sequencing dynamic circuits. Synchronizers.
III Data path and array subsystems: Addition / Subtraction, Comparators, counters, coding, 9
multiplication and division. SRAM, DRAM, ROM, serial access memory, context addressable
memory.
IV Reconfigurable Computing- Fine grain and Coarse grain architectures, Configuration 9
architectures-Single context, Multi context, partially reconfigurable, Pipeline reconfigurable, Block
Configurable,Parallel processing.

Text Books
1. N.H.E.Weste, D. Harris, CMOS VLSI Design (3/e), Pearson,2005.
2. W.Wolf, FPGA- based System Design, Pearson,2004.

Reference Books
1. S. Hauck, A.DeHon, ”Reconfigurable computing: the theory and practice of FPGA-based
computation”, Elsevier, 2008.
2. Franklin P. Prosser, David E. Winkel, Art of Digital Design, Prentice-Hall,1987.
3. R.F.Tinde,” Engineering Digital Design”, (2/e), Academic Press,2000.
4. C. Bobda, “Introduction to reconfigurable computing”, Springer, 2007.
5. M. Gokhale, ”Paul S. Graham, Reconfigurable computing: accelerating computation withfield-
programmable gate arrays”, Springer,2005.
6. C.Roth, “Fundamentals of Digital Logic Design”, Jaico Publishers, V ed.,2009.
7. Recent literature in Digital System Design.

Course outcomes
At the end of the course student will be able
CO1: identify mapping algorithms into architectures.
CO2: summarize various delays in combinational circuit and its optimization methods.
CO3: summarize circuit design of latches and flip-flops.
CO4: construct combinational and sequential circuits of medium complexity that is based onVLSIs, and
programmable logic devices.
CO5: summarize the advanced topics such as reconfigurable computing, partiallyreconfigurable, Pipeline
reconfigurable architectures and block configurable.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Course Code : ECH11

Course Title : Modeling of Nanoscale Field-Effect Devices
Number of Credits 4+0
Prerequisites : ECE201, ECE303
(Course code)
Course Objective:
1. To Study the various nan-scale Field-Effect Devices.
2. To introduce novel MOSFET devices and understand the advantages of multi-gate FETs.
3. To introduce carbon nanotube & ballistic MOSFET devices.
4. To introduce the concepts of nanoscale MOSFETs and their performance characteristics.

Unit Topic Lecture

I MOSFET scaling, Short Channel Effects, channel engineering - source/drain 09
engineering, high-k dielectric material, strain engineering, SOI based MOS
Devices, multigate FETs: – single gate, double gate, triple gate, gate all around,
quantum Mechanical effects in Nano scale MOSFETs an their modelling.
II MOS Electrostatics: One-Dimensional, Two-Dimensional Field analysis, Nano- 09
MOSFET I-V Characteristic, CMOS Technology: Ultimate limits, Double gate
MOSFETs: types (Symmetric , Asymmetric) Design principle, Design effects:gate
voltage effect, semiconductor thickness effect, asymmetry effect, oxide thickness
effect. Electron tunnel current, Two dimensional confinement, scattering, mobility.
III Silicon nanowire MOSFETs – Evaluation of I-V characteristics – The I-V 09
characteristics for nondegenerate carrier statistics – The I-V characteristics for
degenerate carrier statistics – Carbon nanotube – Band structure of carbon
nanotube – Band structure of graphene – Carbon nanotube based devices :Carbon
nanotube MOSFETs, Schottky barrier carbon nanotube FETs. Electronic
conduction in molecules, General model for ballistic nano-MOSFETs,
MOSFETs with 0D, 1D, and 2D channels. Molecular transistors: Single electron
charging, Single electron transistors.
IV Radiation effects in MOSFETs, total ionizing dose effects, single event 09
effect, scaling effects.
Digital circuits: impact of device performance on digital circuits, leakage
performance trade off – multi VT devices and circuits – SRAM design, analog
circuit design, transconductance, intrinsic gain, flicker noise, self heating, band
gap voltage reference, operational amplifier, comparator designs, mixed signal
– successive approximation DAC, RF circuits.

Text Books/Reference Books:

1. J P Colinge, "FINFETs and other multi-gate transistors", Springer – Series on
integrated circuits and systems, 2008
2. Mark Lundstrom, Jing Guo, "Nanoscale Transistors: Device Physics, Modeling and
Simulation", Springer, 2006
3. M S Lundstorm, "Fundamentals of Carrier Transport", 2nd Ed., Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge UK, 2000.

COURSE OUTCOME: After completion of the course student will be able to-
CO1: Study the nano-MOS devices used below few tenth of nanometer and beyond with an eye on the future.
CO2: Understand and study the physics behind the operation of multi-gate MOS devices.
CO3: Design circuits using nanoscale MOSFETs transistors with the physical insight of
their functional characteristics.
CO4: Understand and study the physics behind the Radiation effects in SOI MOSFETs.
CO5: Understand the impact of device performance on digital circuits.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Course Code : ECH13

Course Title : Applied Photonics
Number of Credits 4+0
Prerequisites : NONE
(Course code)
Course Objective:
• To prepare the students understand the fundamental principles of light-matter interactionand
photonic band gap structures.
• To enable the students, appreciate the diverse applications of fiber optic sensors.

Unit Topics Lectures

I Introduction to photonics; optical waveguide theory; Interference of light waves -numerical 9
techniques and simulation
II Photonic waveguide components Optical Modulators and Switches Electro-optics - Acousto- 9
optics -Magneto-optics
III Photonic Band gap Structures: Concept of photonic crystal; band gap and band structures in 9
1D, 2D and 3D photonic crystal structures; Photo-refractive materials, non-linear optics,
recent trends in bio and nano-photonics
IV Optical fiber sensors - Sensing using optical fibers - Types:-Amplitude, Inter-ferometric, 9
Wavelength, Polarimetric – Distributed Sensors
Text Books
1. A. Ghatak and K. Thyagarajan, “Introduction to Fiber Optics”, Cambridge University
Press,2006.
2. PochiYeh and AmnonYariv Photonics,” Optical Electronics in Modern
Communications”,2007

Reference Books
1. F. T. S. Yu and S.Yin, “Fiber Optic Sensors”, Marcel Dekker, Inc2002
2. G. W. Hanson, “Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics “,Pearson Education, 1stedition,2008
3. B. Saleh and M. Teich, “Fundamentals of Photonics”, Wiley & Sons, 2007
4. Recent literature in Applied Photonics.

Course outcomes
At the end of the course student will be able
CO1: understand the interference of light and optical waveguide theory.
CO2: understand the significance of photonic band gap structures and their application
CO3: analyze the different types of optical modulators.
CO4: compare the merits and demerits of different types of fiber optic sensors
.CO5: understand the application of nonlinear optics in bio and nano-photonics.
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur

Course Code : ECH14

Course Title : Wavelet Signal Processing
Number of Credits 4+0
Prerequisites : ECEL411
(Course code)

Course Objective:
To expose the students to the basics of wavelet theory and to illustrate the use of waveletprocessing
for data compression and noise suppression.
Unit Topics Lectures
I Limitations of standard Fourier analysis. Windowed Fourier transform. Continuous wavelet 9
transform.Time-frequency resolution.
Multiresolution analysis and properties. The Haar wavelet, Structure of subspaces in MRA
II Haar decomposition-1, Haar decomposition-2, Wavelet reconstruction, Haar wavelet and link 9
to filterbank, demo on wavelet decomposition, Wavelet packets
III Wavelet methods for signal processing. Noise suppression. Representation of noise- 9
corrupted signals using frames. Algorithm for reconstruction from corrupted frame
representation.
IV Wavelet methods for image processing. Burt- Adelson and Mallat’s pyramidal 9
decompositionschemes. 2D-dyadic wavelet transform.

Text Books
1. E.Hernandez & G.Weiss, A First Course on Wavelets, CRC Press, 1996.
2. L.Prasad & S.S.Iyengar, Wavelet Analysis with Applications to Image Processing, CRC Press,1997.

Reference Books
1. A.Teolis, Computational Signal Processing with Wavelets, Birkhauser, 1998
2. R.M. Rao & A.S. Bopardikar, Wavelet Transforms, Addition Wesley, 1998.
3. J.C. Goswami & A.K. Chan, Fundamentals of Wavelets, John Wiley, 1999.
4. Recent literature in Wavelet Signal Processing.

Course outcomes
At the end of the course student will be able
CO1: understand about windowed Fourier transform and difference between windowed Fouriertransform and
wavelet transform.
CO2: understand wavelet basis and characterize continuous and discrete wavelet transforms
CO3: understand multi resolution analysis and identify various wavelets and evaluate their time-frequency
resolution properties
CO4: implement discrete wavelet transforms in signal processing applications
CO5: understand about wavelet methods in image processing.