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Membrane Structure and Function Presentation

The document discusses membrane structure and function, including: 1) Membranes are composed of phospholipids arranged in a bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing out and hydrophobic tails in the middle, along with proteins and cholesterol. 2) The fluid mosaic model describes membranes as fluid structures with components that can move laterally, including phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol. 3) Membranes are selectively permeable due to their phospholipid bilayer structure, allowing only small non-polar molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse through.

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70 views

Membrane Structure and Function Presentation

The document discusses membrane structure and function, including: 1) Membranes are composed of phospholipids arranged in a bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing out and hydrophobic tails in the middle, along with proteins and cholesterol. 2) The fluid mosaic model describes membranes as fluid structures with components that can move laterally, including phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol. 3) Membranes are selectively permeable due to their phospholipid bilayer structure, allowing only small non-polar molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse through.

Uploaded by

Unus Annus
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Membrane Structure

and Function
Deschampions AP Biology
Topic 2.4 and 2.5
Plasma Membranes, and Membrane Permeability
★ Learning Objective ENE 2.A: “Describe the roles of each of the components of
the cell membrane in maintaining the internal environment of the cell.”
★ Learning Objective ENE 2.B: “Describe the Fluid Mosaic Model of cell
membranes.”
★ Learning Objective ENE 2.C: “Explain how the structure of biological
membranes influences selective permeability”
★ Learning Objective ENE 2.D: “Describe the role of the cell wall in maintaining
cell structure and function.”
Cell Membrane Intro Question
Question: The membrane is often referred to as a “fluid
mosaic” model. What do you think this means in terms of
its structure and function?
Think about the question
Pair- Share your answer with your shoulder partner
Share- Deschamps will call on someone to share their answer.
★ A lipid membrane that surrounds
the cells of all living organisms.
★ Responsible for controlling what
enters and exits the cell.
★ Composed primarily of
phospholipids, but also contains:
○ Proteins
○ Carbohydrates

What is the Cell ○ Cholesterol


★ Also known as
Membrane? ○ Phospholipid Bilayer
○ Plasma Membrane
Phospholipid Structure
Head Group
★ Contains phosphate, choline and glycerol
Phosphate
★ Polar
★ Hydrophilic
Glycerol
★ Interacts with water :)

Fatty Acid (FA) Tails


Saturated Fatty Acid Tail
★ Contains a saturated and unsaturated fatty acid
Unsaturated
○ Unsaturated FA is bent which prevents
Fatty Acid Tail phospholipids from packing too tightly
together and allows for membrane fluidity
★ Non-polar
★ Hydrophobic
★ Avoids water :(
Membrane Structure
What do you think happens when you put a bunch of phospholipids in a
water based solution?

★ It is energetically unfavorable for the


hydrophobic tails to be exposed to water
★ This drives the formation of the
phospholipid bilayer (cell membrane)
○ Hydrophilic head groups face the
aqueous cell interior and exterior
○ Hydrophobic tails form the dense
hydrophobic core of the membrane.
Cholesterol
Regulates membrane
Membrane Components
Glycolipids
Carbohydrate attached to a
phospholipid.
Glycoproteins
Carbohydrate attached to a
phospholipid. protein
fluidity in response to
temperature changes

Glycolipids facilitate cell-to cell Allow cross linking of cells, which


adhesion and recognition. gives the tissues strength
★ Peripheral Proteins
○ Found attached to the inside or
outside surface of the cell
membrane
○ Usually used for cell signaling
★ Integral Proteins
○ Fully OR Partially embedded in the
membrane.
○ Usually used for cell signaling.
★ Transmembrane Proteins
○ Go all the way through the
membrane
Categories of Membrane ○ Usually found as channel proteins
that move polar/large molecules in
Proteins and out of the cell.
○ Special type of Integral Protein
Transmembrane Used for cell signaling.
proteins with a Channel Protein Ligands bind to the
channel through the receptor and cause the cell
to respond accordingly.
middle.

Channel Proteins vs.


Receptor Proteins

Used for transport of Transmembrane or


large, polar, or Receptor Proteins peripheral proteins that
charged molecules do not have a channel
across the membrane. through the middle.
The Fluid Mosaic Model
The membrane is frequently referred to as a fluid mosaic. This means it
is made of many components that can move laterally in the membrane.
Instructions: Use the word bank below to label the fluid mosaic model of the membrane
Cholesterol Phospholipid Head Transmembrane Protein Phospholipid Bilayer Glycolipid

Peripheral Protein Glycoprotein Carbohydrate Fatty Acid Tail


★ Membrane only lets small,
non-polar molecules diffuse
freely through the spaces
between the phospholipids.
○ Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and
water*
★ Why?
○ It is energetically
unfavorable for molecules
with those properties to
interact with the
Selective Permeability hydrophobic fatty acid tails
at the core of the membrane.
Any Questions?
★ Contact Deschamps

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