Chapter

1
1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 RATIONAL NUMBERS

3.0 METHOD TO CONVERT NON-TERMINATING DECIMAL TO

THE FORM P/Q

4.0 IRRATIONAL NUMBERS

4.1 Representation of irrational numbers on the number line

4.2 Method to find x for any given positive real number x geometrically

5.0 REAL NUMBERS

5.1 Representation of real numbers on the number line by means of
magnifying glass
5.2 Operations on real number

6.0 PROPERTIES OF IRRATIONAL NUMBERS

7.0 LAWS OF EXPONENTS

8.0 RATIONALISATION

9.0 SQUARE ROOT OF a + b

Unit One

EXERCISE-1 (ELEMENTARY)
EXERCISE-2 (SEASONED)
EXERCISE-3 (CBSE PATTERN)
EXERCISE-4 (COMPETITIVE ASSESSMENT)
 Nu mber System

NUMBER SYSTEM (NS)

(NS–1)
1.0 INTRODUCTION
We all know the numbers. We are playing with the numbers since our childhood. All the numbers
which we studied till now are rational numbers. We also studied the representation of rational
numbers on number line and about basic algebraic operations like addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division, L.C.M., H.C.F., etc on rational numbers.
In this chapter we shall learn a new type of numbers called Irrational numbers. We will also learn
the represenatation of irrational numbers on the number line and basic operations related to irrational
numbers. All the rational and irrational numbers taken together are known as real Numbers.

2.0 RATIONAL NUMBERS

p
The rational numbers are all numbers that can be expressed in the form of where p and q are
q
integers & co-prime and q ¹ 0.
2
Ex. , – 3, 0, 4.33 etc.
3
Rational numbers between two numbers- One way to find a rational number between two
rational numbers is to find their average, called the mean.
x+y
To find a rational number between x and y, we will find the mean of x and y. i.e. is a rational
2
number lying between x and y. This number will be the mid-value of that two numbers.

Illustration 1. Find 4 rational numbers between 4 and 5.

Solution Let a = 4, b = 5 and n = 4
a(n + 1) 4(4 + 1) 20 b(n + 1) 5(4 + 1) 25 20 é 21 22 23 24 ù 25
= = ; = = ; , , , , ,
(n + 1) (4 + 1) 5 (n + 1) (4 + 1) 5 5 êë 5 5 5 5 úû 5
21 22 23 24
Hence, 4 rational numbers between 4 and 5 are 4, é , , , ù , 5
êë 5 5 5 5 úû

Illustration 2. Find 3 rational numbers between 2 and 5.

Solution Let a = 2, b = 5
2+ 5 7
A rational number between 2 and 5 = =
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

2 2
7
7 2+
Second rational number between 2 and = 2 = 11
2 2 4
7
7 + 5 17
Third rational number between and 5 = 2 =
2 2 4
é 7 11 17 ù
Hence, three rational numbers between 2 and 5 are : 2 ê , , ú 5
ë2 4 4 û

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Class IX : Mathematics

6 7
Illustration 3. Find three rational numbers between and .
5 5
7 6 æ 7 -6ö
6 7 -
æ b - aö 5 5 ç 5 ÷ æ 1 ö
Solution Let a = , b = , n = 3, d = ç = = =
5 5 è n + 1 ø 3 + 1 ç 4 ÷ çè 20 ÷ø
÷
çè ÷ø

6 7
\ 3 rational numbers between and are :
5 5
(a + d), (a + 2d) & (a + 3d)
6 1 24 + 1 25
Ist =a+d= + = =
5 20 20 20

6 1 24 + 2 26
IInd = a + 2d = + 2´ = =
5 20 20 20

6 3 ´ 1 24 + 3 27
IIIrd = a + 3d = + = =
5 20 20 20

6 7
Hence, 3 rational numbers between and are
5 5

24 é 25 26 27 ù 28 6 é 5 13 27 ù 7
,ê , , ú, or , ê , , ú ,
20 ë 20 20 20 û 20 5 ë 4 10 20 û 5

3.0 METHOD TO CONVERT NON-TERMINATING DECIMAL TO THE FORM P/Q

In a non-terminating decimal, we have two types of decimal representations
(a) Pure recurring decimal (b) Mixed recurring decimal
(a) Pure recurring decimal
It is a decimal representation in which all the digits after the decimal point are repeated.
Following are the steps to convert it in the form p/q.
Step-1 : Denote pure recurring decimal as x.
Step-2 : Write the number in decimal form by removing bar from top of repeating digits.
Step-3 : Count the number of digits having bar on their heads.
Step-4 :Multiply the repeating decimal by 10, 100, 1000, ... depending upon 1 place repetition,
2 place repetition, 3 place repetition and so on present in decimal number.
Step-5 : Subtract the number obtained in step 2 from a number obtained in step 4.
Step-6 : Find the value of x in the form p/q.
(b) Mixed recurring decimal
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

It is a decimal representation in which there are one or more digits present before the repeating
digits. Following are the steps to convert it to the form p/q.
Step-1 : Denote mixed recurring decimal as x.
Step-2 : Count the number of digits after the decimal point which do not have bar on them. Let
it be 'n'.
Step-3 :Multiply both sides of x by 10n to get only repeating decimal numbers on the right side
of the decimal point.
Step-4 :Further use the method of converting pure recurring decimal to the form p/q and get the
value of x.

2
 Nu mber System

Illustration 4.Express each of the following pure recurring decimals in the form p/q.

(i) 0.6 (ii) 0.585 (iii) 23.43

Solution : (i) Let x = 0.6 Then, Þ x = 0.666 ... (i)

Here we have only one repeating digit, so we multiply both sides of (i) by 10 to get
Þ 10x = 6.66 ... (ii)
On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get ;
10x – x = (6.66 .......) – (0.66........)
6 2
Þ 9x = 6 Þx= Þx=
9 3

2
Hence 0.6 =
3

(ii) Let x = 0.585 Þ x = 0.585585585 ... (i)

Here we have three repeating digits, so we multiply both sides of (i) by 103 = 1000
to get
Þ 1000x = 585.585585 ... (ii)
On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
1000x – x = (585.585585........) – (0.585585 ......)
Þ 999x = 585
585 195 65
Þ x= = =
999 333 111

65
Hence, 0.585 =
111
(iii) Let x = 23.43 Þ x = 23.434343 ... (i)
Multiplying both sides of (i) by 100, we get
100 x = 2343.4343 ... (ii)
Subtracting (i) from (ii) we get
100 x – x = (2343.4343.........) – (23.4343........)
2320
Þ 99x = 2320 Þ x=
99
Alter method
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

43
We have, 23.43 = 23 + 0.43 = 23 +
99

43
[Using the above rule, we have 0.43 = ]
99

23 ´ 99 + 43 2277 + 43 2320
Þ 23.43 = = =
99 99 99

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Class IX : Mathematics

Illustration 5.Express the following mixed recurring decimals in the form p/q :
(i) 0.32 (ii) 0.123 (iii) 15.712
Solution (i) Let x = 0.32
Clearly, there is just one digit on the right side of the decimal point which is without bar.
So, we multiply both sides of x by 10 so that only the repeating decimal is left on the right
side of the decimal point.
\ 10 x = 3.2 Þ 10x = 3 + 0.2
2
Þ 10 x = 3 +
9
9´3+ 2 29
Þ 10 x = Þ 10 x =
9 9

29
Þ x=
90

(ii) Let x = 0.123

Clearly, there are two digits on the right side of the decimal point which is without bar. So,
we multiply both sides of x by 102 = 100 so that only the repeating decimal is left on the
right side of the decimal point.

\ 100 x = 12.3 Þ 100x = 12 + 0.3

3 12 ´ 9 + 3
Þ 100x = 12+ Þ 100x =
9 9

108 + 3
Þ 100x =
9

111
Þ 100x =
9

111 37
Þ x= =
900 300

(iii) Let x = 15.712 ; 10 x = 157.12

Þ 10 x = 157 + 0.12

12 4
Þ 10 x = 157 + Þ 10 x = 157 +
99 33
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

157 ´ 33 + 4 5181 + 4
Þ 10 x = Þ 10 x =
33 33

5185
Þ 10 x =
33

5185 1037
Þ x= =
330 66

4
 Nu mber System

p
1. Express each of the following in form
q

(i) 0.7 (ii) 0.32 (iii) 23.47 (iv) 1.34

p
2. Express 0.34 - 0.2 + 0.6 in form.
q

2 3
3. Insert three rational number between and
7 5

x
4. If = 0.6 + 0.4 , find the value of x.
9

5. If 10x = 0.3 - 0.2 find the value of x.

Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

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Class IX : Mathematics

NUMBER SYSTEM
(NS–2)

4.0 IRRATIONAL NUMBERS

A number is called an irrational number, if it can not be written in the form p/q, where p & q are
integers and q ¹ 0. All Non-terminating & Non-repeating decimal numbers are Irrational numbers.

E.g. 2, 3, 3 2, 2 + 3, 2 + 3 , p, etc....
Decimal expansion of irrational numbers
Every irrational number can be expressed as non-terminating and non-repeating decimal.
E.g. 2 = 1.4142135........

Illustration 1.Insert three irrational number between 1.1 and 1.11

Solution 1.1 = 1.100
1.11 = 1.110
\ Three irrational number between 1.1 and 1.11 are
(i) 1.10101001000.....
(ii) 1.10202002000....
(iii) 1.10303003000....

Illustration 2.Insert three irrational number between 2 and 3

Solution 2 = 1.414....
3 = 1.732...
Three irrational number between 2 and 3 are
(i) 1.51010010001....
(ii) 1.52020020002....
(iii) 1.53030030003.....

4.1 Representation of irrational numbers on the number line

Consider the number line and mark a point O on it and let it represent zero. Let A represent 1 on
the number line. So, OA = 1. At A draw AB perpendicular to OA. Let AB = OA = 1

\ By Pythagoras Theorem, OB = (OA)2 + (AB)2 = (1)2 + (1)2 = 1+1 = 2

B B1 L M
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

Ö4
Ö
Ö2 1
Ö3
Ö Ö5
Ö
1
1 1

0 1 A A1 A2 K A3
Ö2 Ö3
Ö 2 Ö5
Ö

6
 Nu mber System

Taking O as centre and radius = OB = 2 , draw a circle cutting the number line at A1, wheree
OA1 = OB = 2
Þ A1 represents 2 on number line.
Now draw A1B1 perpendicular to number line at A1 and let A1B1 = 1

\ OB1 = (OA1 )2 + (A 1B1 )2

= ( 2)2 + (1)2 = 2+1 = 3

Taking O as centre and OB1 = 3 as radius, draw a circle cutting the number line at A2
where OA2 = OB1 = 3
Þ A2 represents 3 on number line
Continue this process and get the point K on number line where

OK = OL = (OA 2 )2 + (A 2L)2 = ( 3)2 + (1)2 = 3+1 = 4 =2

Þ K represents 2 on number line.
Again, get a point A3 on number line where

OA3 = OM = (OK)2 + (KM)2 = (2)2 + (1)2 = 4 +1 = 5

Þ A3 represents 5 on number line.
In this way, we can show that there exists points on Number Line representing 6, 7, 8 etc.
which are irrational numbers.
Hence, there exist points on number line which represent irrational numbers.
In fact for every irrational number, there exists a unique point on the number line.

Illustration 3. Represent 2 on the number line.

Solution. For representing 2 on the number line we denote 0 (zero) on the line by the point O
and 1 Unit Length by the point A such that OA = 1 Unit Length.
Steps of Construction
(i) Draw the line segment OA = 1 unit.
(ii) Draw AB = 1 unit, perpendicular to OA. (by using compass)
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

2
1
P
2 l
–1 O 1 A
2

7
Class IX : Mathematics

(iii) Join O to B.
Now, also by Pythagoras Theorem, we
have
OB2= OA2 + AB2

OB = OA 2 + AB 2 = (1) 2 + (1)2 = 1 + 1 = 2

(iv) With O as centre and OB as a radius, draw an arc to intersect the number line l at P.
Hence, it is clear that OP = OB = 2

Thus, the point P represent the number 2 on the number line l.

4.2 Method to find x for any given positive real number x geometrically
(i) Let x be a positive real number. Take AB = x units and BC = 1 unit on the real line l.
(ii) Find the mid point O of AC and draw a semicircle with centre O and radius OA or OC.
(iii) At B, draw a line BD ^ AC, where D is a point on the semicircle.
(iv) Join OD.
(v) Further, with centre B and radius BD, draw an arc intersecting the real line l at P.
Therefore, BP = BD = x.

Öx
O Öx
x units l
A B C P
1 unit

Justification : We have, In right triangle OBD,

x +1
OD = OA = OC = units (radius of the semicircle)
2

æ x +1 ö æ x - 1ö
OB = OC – BC = çè - 1÷ units = ç
2 ø è 2 ÷ø units
In right DOBD, we have OD2 = OB2 + BD2
BD2 = OD2 – OB2
and BD = OD 2 - OB 2 [By Pythagoras theorem]

2 2
æ x + 1ö æ x - 1ö
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

= çè ÷ø - çè ÷ units
2 2 ø

æ x + 1 x - 1ö æ x + 1 x - 1ö
= çè + ÷ç - ÷ units [Q A2 – B2 = (A + B)(A – B)]
2 2 øè 2 2 ø

= x ´ 1 units = x units. So, BD = x units.

Thus, x exists for all positive real numbers.
Hence, the point P represents x on the real line.

8
 Nu mber System

Illustration 4. Represent 3.2 geometrically on the number line.

Solution Let l be the number line.

Draw a line segment AB = 3.2 units and BC = 1 unit.
Find the mid point O of AC.
Draw a semicircle with centre O and radius OA or OC.
Draw BD ^ AC intersecting the semicircle at D. Then
BD = 3.2 units.
Now, with centre B and radius BD, draw an arc
intersecting the number line l at P.
Hence, BD = BP = 3.2

1. Find two irrational numbers between 2 and 2.5

2. Find one rational and one irrational number between

0.101001000100001....... and 0.1001000100001......

3. Find two rational numbers between 2 and 3

4. Find two irrational numbers between 2 and 3.

5. Represent the following irrational number on number line

(i) 5 (ii) 10 (iii) 6

6. Represent the following on number line

(i) 9.3 (ii) 11.2
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Class IX : Mathematics

NUMBER SYSTEM
(NS–3)

5.0 REAL NUMBERS

Rational numbers together with irrational numbers are said to be real numbers. That is, a real
number is either rational or irrational.
Eg. 2, – 3/2, 0, 1.5, 2, 3 5, 5 11,p etc. are real numbers.

5.1 Representation of real numbers on the number line by means of magnifying glass
The process of visualization of numbers on the number line through a magnifying glass is known as
successive magnification. Sometimes, we are unable to check the numbers like 3.765 and 4.26 on
the number line we seek the help of magnifying glass by dividing the part into subparts and subparts
into again equal subparts to ensure the accuracy of the given number.
Represent 3.765 on the number line. This number lies between 3 and 4. The distance 3 and 4 is
divided into 10 equal parts. Then the first mark to the right of 3 will represent 3.1 and second 3.2
and so on. Now, 3.765 lies between 3.7 and 3.8. We divide the distance between 3.7 and 3.8 into
10 equal parts.
3.76 will be on the right of 3.7 at the sixth mark, and 3.77 will be on the right of 3.7 at the 7th mark and
3.765 will lie between 3.76 and 3.77 and so on.

3.7 3.8
3 4
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.9

3.76 3.77 3.80

3.70
3.71 3.72 3.73 3.74 3.75 3.78 3.79

3.765 3.770
3.760
3.761 3.762 3.763 3.764 3.766 3.767 3.768 3.769

Illustration 1. Represent 3.728 on the number line through successive magnification.

Solution We have to locate the point 3.728 on the number line. This number lies between
3 and 4.
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

You go to 3.7. You divide the portion of the number line between 3 and 4 in 10 equal
parts. Now first mark from the left will give you 3.1, the 2nd mark will give you 3.2 and
so on.
To get 3.7 you reach at 7th mark.
Again to get 3.72, you divide the portion of the number line between 3.7 and 3.8 in
10 equal parts, to get 3.72, you reach 2nd mark from the left.
3.7

0 1 2 3 4

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 Nu mber System

Again to reach 3.728 you further divide the portion of the number line between 3.72
to 3.73 in 10 equal parts.
3.72

3.7 3.8
To get the point 3.728 on the number line you reach 8th point from right to 3.72 on
this subdivision.
3.728

3.72 3.73

Illustration 2. Visualize 4.26 on the number line, up to 4 decimals places.

Solution 4.26 = 4.262626

4 4.2 4.3 5
4.1 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9

4.26 4.27 4.30

4.20
4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.28 4.29

4.260 4.262 4.263 4.270

4.261 4.264 4.265 4.266 4.267 4.268 4.269

4.2620 4.2622 4.2623 4.2630

4.2621 4.2624 4.2625 4.2626 4.2627 4.2628 4.2629

5.2 Operations on real number

5.2.1 Addition and subtraction of Irrational numbers
Two Irrational numbers can be added or subtracted if their irrational part are same.
For example we can add 2 3 and 3 3 as the irrational parts of both the numbers are same. If
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

their irrational parts are same then add their rational parts and write the irrational parts as it is, as
shown
\ 2 3 + 3 3 = 5 3
The same procedure is followed for the subtraction.
We cannot add 5 3 and 2 5 as their irrational part are different.

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Class IX : Mathematics

(
Illustration 3. Add 3 2 + 5 3 and ) ( 2+ 3 )
Solution (3 2+5 3) + ( ) ( ) (
2+ 3 = 3 2+ 2 + 5 3+ 3 = 4 2 + 6 3 )
5.2.2 Multiplication of irrational numbers
To multiply irrational numbers, multiply the rational parts and irrational parts separately.

Illustration 4. Multiply 7 5 and 2 5

Solution : 7 5 ´ 2 5 = (7 ´ 2) ´ ( 5 ´ 5 ) = 14 ´ 5 = 70
5.2.3 Division of irrational numbers
To divide irrational numbers, divide the rational parts and irrational parts separately.

Illustration 5. Divide 10 6 by 5 2

10 6 10 6
Solution 10 6 ¸ 5 2 = = ´ =2 3
5 2 5 2

1. Add ( 4 2 + 6 3 ) and ( 3 2 - 2 3 )

2. Add ( 3 + 7 5 ) and ( 4 3 + 6 5 )

3. Add ( 3 3 + 4 + 2 6 ) and ( 2 + 3 + 5 6 )

4. Subtract ( 3 2 - 5 5 ) from ( 6 2 + 3 5 )

5. Multiply ( 2 5 + 7 3 ) and ( 3 + 2)

6. Multiply ( 2 - 2 ) and ( 3 3 + 6 2 )
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

7. Divide 6 2 by 3 2

8. Simplify ( 4 + 3 )( 4 - 3 )

9. Simplify ( 3 + 2 )( 3 5 - 6 )

10. Simplify ( 5 - 2 )( 2 - 3 )

12
 Nu mber System

NUMBER SYSTEM
(NS–4)

6.0 PROPERTIES OF IRRATIONAL NUMBERS

(a) Negative of an irrational number is an irrational number. Eg:- – 3,– 4 5 are irrational.

(b) Sum and difference of a rational and an irrational number is an irrational number.

For example :
(i) Two numbers are 2 and 3
Sum = 2 + 3 , is an irrational number..
Difference = 2 – 3 , is an irrational number..
Also 3 – 2 is an irrational number..
(ii) Two numbers are 4 and 3
3
Sum = 4 + 3
3 , is an irrational number..
Difference = 4 – 3
3 , is an irrational number..

(c) Sum and difference of two irrational numbers is not necessarily an irrational number.
For example :
(i) Two irrational numbers are 3 , 2 3

Sum = 3 + 2 3 = 3 3 , is an irrational.
Difference = 2 3 – 3 = 3 , is an irrational.

(ii) Two irrational numbers are 2 + 3 and 2 – 3

( ) ( )
Sum = 2 + 3 + 2 – 3 = 4, a rational number

Two irrational numbers are 3 + 3, 3–3

Difference = 3+3– 3 + 3 = 6, a rational number

(d) Product of a rational number with an irrational number is not always irrational.
For example :
(i) 2 is a rational number and 3 is an irrational number..
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

2 × 3 = 2 3 , an irrational
(ii) 0 a rational number and 3 an irrational number
0 × 3 = 0, a rational number

(e) Product of a non-zero rational number with an irrational number is always irrational.
For example :
4 4 4
(i) ´ 3= 3= is an irrational number..
3 3 3

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Class IX : Mathematics

(f) Product of an irrational with an irrational is not always irrational.

For example :
(i) 3 ´ 3 = 3 ´ 3 = 9 = 3 a rational number
(ii) 2 3 ´ 3 2 = 2 ´ 3 3 ´ 2 = 6 6 an irrational number
(iii) 3
3 ´ 3 32 = 3 3 ´ 32 = 3 33 = 3 a rational number

( 2 + 3 )( 2 – 3 ) = (2) – ( 3 ) 2 2
(iv) = 4 – 3 = 1 a rational number

( 2 + 3 )( 2 + 3 ) = ( 2 + 3 ) ( 3) ( 3)
2 2
(v) = (2)2 + + 2(2) ´

=4+3+4 3=7+4 3
an irrational number.
Important Notes :
(i) –2 ¹ – 2, i.e., -2 is not an irrational number..

(ii) –2 ´ –3 ¹ ( –2 ´ –3 = 6 )
a . b = ab if atleast one of a, b is positive real number..
(iii) The set of rational numbers together with all irrational numbers form the set of real
numbers. It is denoted by R.

7.0 LAWS OF EXPONENTS

Let a > 0 be a real number and p and q be rational numbers.
Then we have
ap
(i) ap · aq = ap+q (ii) (ap)q = apq (iii) q
= ap-q
a
1
(iv) apbp = (ab)p (v) a–p = (vi) ap/q = (ap)1/q = (a1/q)p
ap
p
æ aö ap q

( a)
1 q
(vii) ç ÷ = p (viii) p p (ix) p
=a p
è bø b a=a
(x) If a ¹ 0, 1 and ax = ay Þ x = y {exponential equation}

Illustration 1. Evaluate the following

Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

-1
(i) ( 3 64 ) 2 (ii) ( 25 )
-7
´ ( 5)
-5

7 -5 -3 / 2
æ 4ö æ 5ö æ 121 ö
(iii) ç ÷ ¸ ç ÷ (iv) ç
è 5ø è 4ø è 169 ÷ø
-1
-1 1 -1 -1
é 1ù 2
Solution (i) ( 3 64 ) 2 = ëê(64) 3 ûú =
´
(64)3 2 = (64) 6
-1 æ -1ö
6´ç ÷
è 6ø 1
= (26 ) 6 = 2 = 2-1 =
2

14
 Nu mber System

-7 -5 -7 -5
é 1ù é 1ù é 2´ 1 ù
(ii) ( 25 ) ´ ( 5)
-7 -5
= ëê(25) 2 ûú ´ ëê(5) 2 ûú = ëê(5) 2 ûú ´ (5) 2

-5
1 1 1 1
= (5)-7 ´ (5) 2 = 7
´ 5 = 5
= 19
5 7+
(5) 2 (5) 2 (5) 2

7 -5 7 -5 7 -5 2
æ 4ö æ 5ö æ 4ö æ 4ö æ 4ö æ 4ö 16
(iii) ç ÷ ¸ ç ÷ = ç ÷ ¸ç ÷ = ç ÷ =ç ÷ =
è 5ø è 4ø è 5ø è 5ø è 5ø è 5ø 25

-3 / 2 -3 / 2 -3
æ 11 ´ 11 ö æ 112 ö æ 11 ö
2´
2
(iv) ç = ç 2÷ = ç ÷
è 13 ´ 13 ÷ø è 13 ø è 13 ø

-3 3
æ 11 ö æ 13 ö 2197
= ç ÷ =ç ÷ =
è 13 ø è 11 ø 1331

Illustration 2. Find the value of 'x' in the following :

(i) 25x ÷ 2x = 5 220 (ii) 5x-2 ´ 32x-3 = 135

Solution (i) 25x ÷ 2x = 5 220

Þ 24x = 24 Þ 4x = 4
\ x =1

(ii) 5x-2 ´ 32x-3 = 135

Þ 5x ´ 5-2 ´ 32x ´ 3-3 = 5 ´ 33 Þ 45x = 53 ´ 36
Þ 45x = 453
\ x=3

Illustration 3. Simplify :

( 25)3 / 2 ´ ( 243)3 / 5 16 ´ 2n+1 - 4 ´ 2n

(i) (ii)
(16)5 / 4 ´ ( 8 )4 / 3 16 ´ 2n + 2 - 2 ´ 2n + 2
Solution We have,

(i)
( 25)3 / 2 ´ ( 243)3 / 5
(16)5 / 4 ´ ( 8 )4 / 3
(5 2 )3 / 2 ´ (35 )3 / 5 5 2´ 3 / 2 ´ 35 ´ 3 / 5 53 ´ 33 125 ´ 27 3375
= = = = =
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

(24 )5 / 4 ´ (23 )4 / 3 24 ´5 / 4 ´ 23 ´ 4 / 3 25 ´ 24 32 ´ 16 512

16 ´ 2n+1 - 4 ´ 2n
(ii)
16 ´ 2n + 2 - 2 ´ 2n + 2
24 ´ 2n+1 - 22 ´ 2n 2n+ 5 - 2n+ 2
= =
24 ´ 2n + 2 - 2 ´ 2n+ 2 2n+6 - 2n+ 3
2n+ 5 - 2n+ 2 2n+ 5 - 2n+ 2 1
= n+ 5 n+2
= n+ 5 n+2
=
2.2 - 2.2 2(2 -2 ) 2

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Class IX : Mathematics

-3 / 4 éæ 25 ö -3 / 2 æ 5 ö -3 ù
Illustration 4. Simplify æ 81ö ´ êç ÷ ¸ç ÷ ú
çè ÷ø è ø è 2ø ú
16 ëê 9 û
Solution We have,
-3 / 4 éæ 25 ö -3 / 2 æ 5 ö -3 ù
æ 81ö 4 -3 / 4 éæ 5 2 ö -3 / 2 -3 ù
çè ÷ø ´ êç ÷ ¸ç ÷ ú = æ3 ö ´ ê ¸
æ 5ö ú
16 è ø è 2ø ú çè ÷ø
ëê 9 û ç 24 ÷
è ø êçè 32 ÷ø 2 ú
ë û
-3 / 4 -3 / 2
éæ 3 ö 4 ù éæ 5 ö 2 ù é æ 5 ö -3 ù 4 ´-3 / 4 é æ 5 ö 2 ´-3 / 2 æ 5 ö -3 ù
= ê çè 2 ÷ø ú ´ êç ÷ ú ¸ êç ÷ ú = æ 3 ö ´ ¸ç ÷ ú
è ø è ø çè ÷ø êç ÷
ëê ûú ëê 3 ûú ëê 2 ûú 2 è ø
ëê 3
è 2ø ú
û
-3 éæ 5 ö -3 æ 5 ö -3 ù
æ 3ö 2
3 é 3 3 2 ù
3
= ç ÷ ´ êç ÷ ¸ ç ÷ ú = æç ö÷ ´ êæç ö÷ ¸ æç ö÷ ú
è 2ø êëè 3 ø è 2ø ú è 3ø è ø è 5ø ú
û ëê 5 û
23 é 33 23 ù 23 é 33 5 3 ù
= ´ ê ¸ ú = 3 ´ê 3 ´ 3ú =1
33 ë 53 53 û 3 ë5 2 û

Illustration 5. Assuming that x is a positive real number and a, b, c are rational numbers, show
that :
a b c
æ x b ö æ xc ö æ x a ö
(i) ç c ÷ ç a ÷ ç b ÷ = 1
èx ø èx ø èx ø

1 / ab 1 / bc 1 / ac
æ xa ö æ xb ö æ xc ö
(ii) ç b ÷ ç xc ÷ ç xa ÷ =1
èx ø è ø è ø

a 2 + ab + b2 b 2 + bc + c 2 c 2 + ca + a 2
æ xa ö æ xb ö æ xc ö
(iii) ç b ÷ ç xc ÷ ç xa ÷ =1
èx ø è ø è ø

a+ b b+c c+a
æ xa ö æ xb ö æ xc ö
(iv) ç b ÷ ç xc ÷ ç xa ÷ =1
èx ø è ø è ø
Solution We have,
a b c
æ xb ö æ xc ö æ xa ö
(i) ç c ÷ . ç a ÷ . ç b ÷
èx ø èx ø èx ø

= (x b -c )a .(x c -a )b .(x a - b )c = x ab -ac .x bc - ba .x ac - bc

= x ab-ac + bc - ba + ac - bc = x 0 = 1.
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

1 / ab 1 / bc 1 / ac
æ xa ö æ xb ö æ xc ö
(ii) ç b ÷ ç xc ÷ ç xa ÷
èx ø è ø è ø

= (x a - b )1 / ab .(x b - c )1 / bc .(x c -a )1 / ac = x (
a - b) / ab
.x (
b - c ) / bc
.x (
c - a ) / ac

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
- - - - + - + -
= xb a .x c b x a c = xb a c b a c = x0 = 1

16
 Nu mber System

a 2 + ab + b2 b 2 + bc + c 2 c 2 + ca + a 2
æ xa ö æ xb ö æ xc ö
(iii) ç b ÷ ç xc ÷ ç xa ÷ [Since Q (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2)] = a3 – b3
èx ø è ø è ø

= x ( a - b ) ( a + ab + b ) .x ( b - c ) ( b + bc + c ) .x ( c - a ) ( c + ca + a )
2 2 2 2 2 2

= x a 3 - b 3 + b3 - c 3 + c 3 - a 3 = x 0 = 1

a+ b b+ c c+a
æ xa ö æ xb ö æ xc ö
(iv) ç b ÷ .ç c ÷ .ç a ÷
èx ø èx ø èx ø

( ) (x ) (x )
a+ b b - c b+ c c -a c + a
= x a-b

= x(a - b)(a + b) .x(b -c)(b+ c).x(c -a)(c + a)

2
= xa - b2 2
-c 2 2
-a2
.x b .x c
2
= xa - b2 + b2 - c 2 + c 2 - a 2
= x0 = 1

1. If a = x q + r y p , b = x r + p y q ,c = x p + q y r prove that a q -r ´ br - p ´ c p -q = 1 :

2. If 22x–y = 32 and 2x+y = 16 then find the value of x2 + y2 :

(25)5 / 2 ´ (243)2 / 5
3. Simplify: :
(16)3 / 4 ´ (8)5 / 3

4. Find the value of x, if 5x – 3 × 32x – 8 = 225

(x a + b )2 (x b + c )2 (x c + a )2
5. Simplify: :
(x a .x b .x c )4

6. Simplify :
-1 / 5 5 / 2
(A) [16 ] (B) (0.001)1/3

9n ´ 3 2 ´ [3- n / 2 ]-2 - (27)n 1

7. If 3m 3
= , prove that m – n = 1 :
3 ´2 27
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

8. If 3x + y = 243 and 22x + y = 128, then find the value of x3 + y3.

a+b b+c a +c
æ x a 2 + b2 ö æ x b2 + c2 ö æ x c2 + a2 ö 3
+ b3 + c 3 )
9. Prove that çç ab ÷÷ ç bc ÷ ç ac ÷ = x 2(a :
è x ø çè x ÷ø çè x ÷ø

a -1 a -1 2b 2
10. Prove that + = :
a -1 + b -1 a -1 - b-1 b 2 - a 2

17
Class IX : Mathematics

NUMBER SYSTEM
(NS–5)

8.0 RATIONALISATION
The process of converting irrational number to a rational number by multiplying it with another
number is called rationalisation. In this process the number with which it is multiplied is known as
rationalising factor (RF)
1. RF is not unique.
2. If one RF of a irrational number is known, then the product of this factor and any non-zero
rational number is also the RF of the given irrational number.
3. It is convenient to use the simplest of all RF's of the given irrational numberto convert it to a
rational number.
Rationalising Factor of Standard Form
1. n
a is a RF of n
a n -1 and vice - versa.
2. n
a m is a RF of n
a n - m and vice - versa.
3. a + b is a RF of a - b and vice-versa.
4. a+ b is a RF of a - b and vice-versa.

Illustration 1. Find the simple RF of

(i) 4
216 and (ii) 5
16

Solution. (i) 4
(23 )(3 3 ) = 23 / 4 ´ 33 / 4
So RF = 21/4 × 31/4 = (2 × 3)1/4 = 4
6
\ 4
6 is the simplest RF of 4
216 .
(ii)16 = 5 24 = 24 / 5
5

\ RF is 21/5 Þ (24/5) (21/5) 25/5 = 1

\ 5
2 is the simplest RF of 5
16

Illustration 2. Express the following with rational denominators.

2 23 3
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

(i) (ii) 3
14 25

2 14 2 14 14
Solution. (i) ´ = =
14 14 14 7

2 3 3 2 3 3 3 5 2 3 3 ´ 5 2 3 15
(ii) 3 = ´ = =
25 3 25 3 5 3 3
5 5

18
 Nu mber System

3
Illustration 3. Given that 2 = 1.414 , find the value of up to three decimal places.
2

3 3 2 3 2
Solution. = ´ = = 1.5 2 = 1.5 (1.414) = 2.121
2 2 2 2

2+ 5
Illustration 4. Rationalize the denominator of .
2- 5

(2 + 5)
2
2+ 5 é2+ 5 ù é2+ 5 ù
Solution =ê úê ú =
( 2) - ( 5 )
2 2
2 - 5 ë2 - 5 û ë2+ 5 û

4+4 5+5 9+4 5

= = = -(9 + 2 5)
4 -5 -1

1
Illustration 5. If x = 3 – 2 2 , find x2 + 2
x
Solution We have, x = 3 – 2 2 .

1 1 1 3+ 2 2
= = ´
x 3-2 2 3-2 2 3+ 2 2

3+ 2 2 3+ 2 2
= =
2
( 3) - (2 2)
2 9-8 = 3 + 2 2

1
Thus,x2 + = (3 – 2 2 )2 + (3 + 2 2 )2
x2
= (3)2 + (2 2 )2 – 2 × 3 × 2 2 + (3)2 + (2 2 )2 + 2 × 3 × 2 2
= 9 + 8 – 12 2 + 9 + 8 + 12 2 = 34

Illustration 6. Between 7 - 3 and 11 - 7 , which is greater ?

Solution. By rationlizing

( 7 - 3)( 7 + 3) 4
7- 3= =
7+ 3 7+ 3

( 11 - 7)( 11 + 7) 4
11 - 7 = =
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

11 + 7 11 + 7

The numerator of each of the irrational number is 4. But 11 + 7 > 7 + 3

4 4
\ >
7+ 3 11 + 7

7 - 3 > 11 - 7

19
Class IX : Mathematics

Illustration 7. Compare the following A = 8 + 7 and B = 10 + 5 .

Solution. Since there is a positive sign, square both the surds, we get,

( )
2
A2 = 8+ 7 = 8 + 7 + 2 56 = 15 + 2 56

( )
2
B2 = 10 + 5 = 10 + 5 + 2 50 = 15 + 2 50

As = 56 > 50, 15 + 2 56 > 15 + 2 50 Þ A > B

i.e., 8 + 7 > 10 + 5

2- 3+x
Illustration 8. Rationalize the numerator of
x -1
Solution Rationalizing factor of 2 - 3 + x is 2 + 3 + x

2 - 3 + x é2 - 3+ x ù é2+ 3 + x ù
\ =ê úê ú
x -1 ë x -1 û ë2+ 3 + x û

(2)2 - ( 3 + x)2 4 - (3 + x)
= =
(x - 1)(2 + 3 + x) (x - 1)(2 + 3 + x)

1-x -1
= =
(x - 1)(2 + 3 + x) 2 + 3 + x

1
Illustration 9. Express E = with a rational denominator..
5+ 3- 8
Solution The denominator is a trinomial surd, when an expression having all the three terms as
irrational number, we group any two of the three terms, say 5 and 3.
Thus 5 + 3 - 8 = ( 5 + 3) - 8
Consider the product

éë( 5 + 3 ) - 8 ùû = 5+ 3+ 8
( 5 + 3 - 8)( 5 + 3 + 8)

( 5 + 3 + 8)
=
2 15
Rationalizing the denominator
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

5 + 3 + 8 æ 15 ö
E= çè ÷
2 15 15 ø

5 3 + 3 5 + 2 30
=
30

20
 Nu mber System

Illustration.10 If both a and b are rational numbers, find the value of a and b in each of the following.

3+ 5 3+ 2 3
(i) =a+b 5 (ii) =a+b 3
3- 5 5-2 3

3+ 5
Solution. (i)
3- 5

3 + 5 is the rationalizing factor of 3 - 5 .

3+ 5 3+ 5 3+ 5 (3 + 5)2
\ = ´ =
3 - 5 3 - 5 3 + 5 (3)2 - ( 5)2

9 + 5 + 6 5 14 + 6 5 14 6 7 3
= = = + 5= + 5 =a+b 5
9-5 4 4 4 2 2

7 3
\ a= and b =
2 2

3+ 2 3
(ii)
5-2 3

5 + 2 3 is the RF of 5 – 2 3

3+2 3 3+2 3 5+2 3

\ = ´
5-2 3 5-2 3 5+2 3

15 + 10 3 + 12 + 6 3
=
(5)2 - (2 3)2

27 + 16 3 27 + 16 3
= = =a+b 3
25 - 12 13

27 16
Þ a= and b =
13 13

Illustration 11. Find the simplest rationalising factor of : 2 + 3 + 5

Solution. (2 + 3 + 5)(2 + 3 - 5) = (2 + 3)2 - ( 5)2

= 4 + 3 + 4 3 – 5 = 7 + 4 3 – 5 = 2 + 4 3 = 2(1+ 2 3 )
Now, RF of factor 1 + 2 3 is 1 – 2 3
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

= (1 + 2 3 ) (1 – 2 3 ) = 12 – ( 2 3 )2 = 1 – 4 × 3 = –11

\ (2+ 3 + 5 ) (2+ 3 – 5 ) (1– 2 3 )

= 2(1 + 2 3)(1 - 2 3) = 2(12 - (2 3)2 ) = 2(1 - 12) =–22, which is rational

Hence, (2 + 3 - 5)(1 - 2 3) is the simplest rationalising factor of 2 + 3 + 5 .

21
Class IX : Mathematics

6 6 4 3
Illustration 12.Simplify the following : + -
2 3- 6 3+ 2 6- 2
Solution. Rationalising the denominator of each term,
6 6 4 3
we have + -
2 3- 6 3+ 2 6- 2
6(2 3 + 6) 6( 3 - 2) 4 3( 6 + 2)
+ –
(2 3 - 6)(2 3 + 6) ( 3 + 2)( 3 - 2) ( 6 - 2)( 6 + 2)
6(2 3 + 6) 6( 3 - 2) 4 3( 6 + 2)
= 2 2
+ 2 2 –
(2 3) - ( 6) ( 3) - ( 2) ( 6)2 - ( 2)2

12 3 + 6 6 6´ 3- 2´ 6 4 3´ 6+4 3´ 2
= + –
12 - 6 3-2 6-2
12 3 + 6 6 6´3 - 2´6 4 3´6 + 4 3´ 2
= + –
6 1 4
= 2 3 + 6 + 3 2 ´ 2 - 22 ´ 3 - 32 ´ 2 - 6
= 2 3+ 6 +3 2-2 3-3 2- 6 =0

3+ 2 3- 2
Illustration 13.If x = and y = , find x2 + y2.
3- 2 3+ 2

3+ 2 3+ 2 3+ 2
Solution. We have, x = Þx= × [Rationalising the denominator]
3- 2 3- 2 3+ 2

( 3 + 2)
2
3+ 2+ 2 3 2
Þx= = = 5+2 6
( 3) 2
- ( 2)
2
3-2

Similarly, y = 5 – 2 6

Now, xy = (5 + 2 6 ) (5 – 2 6 ) = 52 – (2 6 )2 = 25 – 24 = 1
and, x + y = 5 + 2 6 + 5 – 2 6 = 10.
\ (x + y)2 = 102
Þ x2 + y2 + 2xy = 100
Þ x + y2 + 2 × 1 = 100
2

Þ x2 + y2 = 98

Illustration 14. Arrange 2, 3

3 and 4
5 in ascending order..
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

Solution L.C.M. of 2, 3, 4 is 12.

\ 2 = 2´ 6 26 = 12 64
3
3 = 3 ´ 4 34 = 12 81

5 = 4 ´ 3 5 3 = 12 125
4

as 64 < 81 < 125.

\ 12 64 < 12 81 < 12 125 Þ 2 < 3 3 < 4 5

22
 Nu mber System

9.0 SQUARE ROOT OF a+ b

Consider the real number a + b , where a and b are rational numbers and not perfect squares.
Equate the square root of a + b to x + y , where x and y are rational numbers and not perfect

squares. i.e., a+ b = x + y .

Squaring both sides , a + b = x + y + 2 xy .

Equating the rational number on the two sides of the above equation we get a = x + y...(i)
and equating the irrational numbers, we get
b = 2 xy ...(ii)
By solving (i) and (ii) we get the values of x and y.

Similarly, a- b = x - y (x>y)

Illustration.15 Find the square root of 7 + 4 3 .

Solution. Let 7+ 4 3 = x + y
Squaring both the sides,
7 + 4 3 = x + y + 2 xy Þ x + y = 7 and xy = 2 3 Þ xy = 12
(x–y)2 = (x+y)2– 4xy = 49 – 48
x – y = 1 Þ x = 4 and y = 3
x + y = 4 + 3 = 2+ 3 (x > y)

1. Rationalise the denominator of the following :

1 1
(i) (ii)
7- 6 5+ 2

2. Find the rationalising factor of : ( 3 + 10 - 5)

3. Rationalise the denominator of the following :

Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

1 1
(i) (ii)
3– 2 2+ 3

a2
4. Rationalize the denominator of
a 2 + b2 + b
5. Simplify each of the following by rationalising the denominator :

5+ 6 7- 5
(i) (ii)
5- 6 7+ 5

23
Class IX : Mathematics

3+2 2
6. If = a + b 2 , where a and b are rationals. Find the values of a and b
3- 2

1
7. If x = , find the value of x3 – x2 – 11x + 3
2+ 3

1
8. If x = 2 + 3 , find x2 +
x2
3
æ 1ö
9. If x = 1 – 2 , find the value of çè x - ÷ø .
x

1
10. Rationalise the denominator of
3 - 2 -1

l Numbers which have no common factor other than one are known as co-prime numbers.
E.g. 2,3 , 5, 6; 7,8 etc.

l 'n' rational numbers between two distinct rational numbers x and y are given by {x + d}, {x + 2d},
y-x
{x + 3d} ,..., {x + nd} where d =
n+1

l Between any two distinct rational numbers x and y, there exists infinitely many rational numbers.
This is called Denseness property of Rational Numbers.

l Because p is an irrational number, it's decimal representation is non terminating and non-repeating.
Supercomputer calculations have determined over 1 trillion digits of the decimal representation of p.
The decimal representation of p truncated to 50 decimal places is
p = 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510....

l An irrational number of the type n x , where it is not possible to find exactly the nth root of x, where
x is a positive rational number is called a Surd.

l The product of a real number multiplied by itself is 0 or positive. Therefore, if the solution of the
equation x2 = –1 is desired, a new set of numbers is required called Imaginary Numbers.

ap
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

l (i) ap · aq = ap+q (ii) (ap)q = apq (iii) = a p-q (iv) apbp = (ab)p
aq
p
1 æ aö ap
(v) a–p = (vi) ap/q = (ap)1/q = (a1/q)p (vii) ç ÷ = p
ap è bø b

l (i) x 2 =|x | i.e. square root of a number is always positive, never negative.

24
 Nu mber System

1. Which is false?
(A) Every natural number is a whole number.
(B) Every integer is a whole number.
(C) Every integer is a rational number.
(D) Every natural number is a rational number.

2. Decimal representation of a rational number cannot be

(A) Terminating
(B) Non-terminating
(C) Non-terminating repeating
(D) Non-terminating non-repeating

3. The rational form of 2.7435 is

27161 27 27161 27161

(A) (B) (C) (D)
999 99 9900 9000

4. The value of 5.2

45 46 47
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
9 9 9

5. Which of the following number is rational :

6 5 6
(A) ( 2+2 )
2
( )(
(B) 5 + 5 5 - 5 ) (C)
2 3
(D)
2

6. The sum of 0.5 + 0.2

7 7 7 7
(A) (B) (C) (D)
10 9 99 11

7. Which is true?
(A) There is no rational number between two irrational numbers.
(B) If x2 = 0.4, then x is a rational number.
(C) The only real numbers are rational numbers.
(D) The reciprocal of an irrational number is irrational.
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

8. The decimal expansion of the number 2 is

(A) A finite decimal (B) 1.4121
(C) Non-terminating recurring (D) Non-terminating non recurring

9. Two irrational numbers between 2 and 2.5 are :-

(A) 5 and 2´ 5 (B) 5 and 2´5 (C) 5 and 2 ´ 13 (D) None of these

25
Class IX : Mathematics

3- 3
10. The number is
3+ 3
(A) Rational (B) Irrational (C) Both (D) Can't say

1 1
11. If a = ,b= then the value of a2 +b2 is
3-2 2 3+ 2 2
(A) 34 (B) 35 (C) 36 (D) 37
1
12. How many repeating digits are there in decimal form of :
9900
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 1 (D) None of these

(
13. The product of 5 + 2 3 5 - 2 3 is )( )
(A) A rational number
(B) An irrational number
(C) Neither a rational nor an irrational number
(D) Either a rational or an irrational number

14. If n is a natural number, then n is

(A) always an irrational number
(B) Always a natural number
(C) Always a rational number
(D) Sometimes a natural number and sometimes an irrational numbers

15. An irrational number between 0.2101 and 0.2222.... is :

(A) 0.21010010001... (B) 0.101001000... (C) 0.21 (D) 0.2

16. The sum of two irrational number is :

(A) An irrational number
(B) A rational number
(C) Neither a rational nor a rational
(D) Either a rational or an irrational number

17. Which of the following is an irrational number ?

p
(A) 2 3 ´ 3 (B) 25 (C) (D) 1157.25
3
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

18. 3
4 × 4
8 is equal to
(A) 7
12 (B) 12
32 (C) 2 · 12 32 (D) 2 · 7 12

19. Value of 4
(81)-2 is

1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) 9 (D)
9 3 81

26
 Nu mber System

20. The exponential form of 2 3 is

(A) 61/2 (B) 61/3 (C) 61/4 (D) 6

1 1
21. If x - = 3 , then x 2 + 2 equals
x x
(A) 6 3 (B) 3 3 (C) 5 (D) 3

(0.6)0 - (0.1) -1
22. The value of -1 is
3 -1 3 æ 1ö
(3 / 2 ) (3 / 2) + ç - ÷
è 3ø

3 3 2 1
(A) (B) - (C) (D) -
2 2 3 2

23. If 9x – 1 = 32x – 1 – 486 then the value of x is

(A) 3.5 (B) 2.5 (C) 1.5 (D) 0

24. If 22x–y = 128 and 2x+y = 32 then x2 + y2

(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 17 (D) 13

25. ( 5 + 8 ) + ( 3 - 2 ) - ( 2 - 6 ) when simplified is :

(A) Positive and irrational (B) Negative and irrational
(C) Positive and rational (D) Negative and rational
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

27
Class IX : Mathematics

1. The value of 5 3 - 3 12 + 2 75 on simplifying is

(A) 5 3 (B) 6 3 (C) 3 (D) 9 3

6
2. If 3 = 1.732, 5 = 2.236, then the value of is
5- 3
(A) 10.905 (B) 11.904 (C) 11.905 (D) None

2+ 3 2- 3
3. If a = ,b= , then the value of a + b is
2- 3 2+ 3
(A) 14 (B) –14 (C) 8 3 (D) – 3

1 1 1 1 1
4. The value of + + + +
3+ 8 8+ 7 7+ 6 6+ 5 5+2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 4 (D) 5

5. Rationalizing factor of 1 + 2+ 3

(
(A) 1 + 2 - 3 ) 2 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 1 + 2 + 3

6. If p and q are natural number, then ( p+ q )( p - q is )

(A) Rational (B) Irrational
(C) Neither rational nor Irrational (D) None of these

2 -1
7. If 2 = 1.4142 , then is equal to
2 +1
(A) 2.4142 (B) 5.8282 (C) 0.4142 (D) 0.1718

a
é 1 ù a +1
a -a -1 a -1
8. The value of ê (x ) ú =
êë úû

1 a 1
(A) x (B) (C) x (D)
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

x xa

9. 4 3
x2 =
1/2 1/3 1/6
(A) x (B) x (C) x (D) x

10. The value of 3

24 + 3 81 - 3 192 , is
(A) 3
3 (B) 3 (C) 3 (D) None of these

28
 Nu mber System

Short answer type questions

1. Express the following in the form of p/q.
(i) .3 (ii) .54 (iii) .05
(iv) 1.3 (v) 0.621

2. Examine, whether the following numbers are rational or irrational :

(i) 7 (ii) 4 (iii) 2 + 3 (iv) 3+ 2

(v) 3+ 5 (vi) ( 2 - 2)2 (vii) (2 - 2)(2 + 2) (viii) ( 2 + 3)2

2
(ix) 5 -2 (x) - 8
5

3. (i) Write two irrational numbers between 0.21 and 0.2222....

5 5
(ii) Find three different irrational numbers between the rational numbers and
9 7

4. Find two irrational numbers between 0.5 and 0.55.

5. In each of the following express the result in the simplest form.

175
(i) 3
-108a 4 b 3 (ii) (iii) 8
512
27

27
(iv) 4
a 8 b6 c7 (v) 3
5 6 4 (vi) 2. 3 40 + 3. 3 625 + 4. 3 320
a b c
(vii) 8. 242 - 5. 50 + 3. 98

6. Find the rationalising factor of

(i) 3
49 (ii) 4
5 (iii) 7+ 3

7. Rationalise the denominator :

1 4 5 3 10
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

3+ 2 5 -1 5 7- 5

8. Find the values of

2 1 2 -2
(i) (125) 3 (ii) (27)3 (iii) (343)3 (iv) (512) 9
-1
(v) (8) 3

29
Class IX : Mathematics

9. If x = 3 – 2 2 , find the value of

1 1 1 2 1
(i) (ii) x + (iii) x+ (iv) x -
x x x x2

10. Determine a and b if

3+ 7 7+ 5 7- 5
(i) =a+b 7 (ii) - = a + 7 5b
3- 7 7- 5 7+ 5

5+ 3 11 - 7
(iii) = 94a + 3 3b (iv) =a– 77b
7-4 3 11 + 7

Long answer type questions

7 3-5 2
11. Simplify by rationalising the denominator : [CBSE]
48 + 18

3- 2 3+ 2
12. If x = and y = , find the value of x2 + y2 + xy [CBSE]
3+ 2 3- 2

1 1 1
13. Simplify : b-a c -a
+ a-b c -b
+ a -c
1+ x +x 1+ x +x 1+ x + x b -c

5- 3 5+ 3
14. If x = and y = , find the value of x2 + y2 – 6xy [CBSE]
5+ 3 5- 3

1 3 4
15. Simplify : - - .
11 - 2 30 7 - 2 10 8+4 3
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

30
 Nu mber System

1. If 2048 = 2× , 2187 = 3 y and 3125 = 5 z then value of x + y – z is :

NTSE STAGE 1 (2009)
(A) 1 (B) 9 (C) 13 (D) 23

æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö
2. The value of çè 1 - ÷ ç1 - ÷ ç1 - ÷ ç1 - ÷ø × × × × × çè 1 - ÷ is : NTSE STAGE I (2010)
2ø è 3ø è 4ø è 5 nø

2
æ 1ö 1
(A) 1 (B) ç 1 - ÷ (C) (D) None of these
è nø n

3. If a = b x , b = c y and c = a z then the value of xyz is- NTSE STAGE 1 (2010)

(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1

4. The value of :

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + + + + + + is :
9+ 8 8+ 7 7+ 6 6+ 5 5+ 4 4+ 3 3+ 2 2+ 1
NTSE STAGE 1 (2010)
(A) 7 (B) 5 (C) 2 (D) 1

5. Find the value of m for which 5 m ¸ 5 -3 = 55 NTSE STAGE 1 (2011)

(A) m = 2 (B) m = – 2 (C) m = 3 (D) m = 8

6. The HCF of any two prime numbers a and b, is NTSE STAGE 1 (2014)
(A) a (B) ab (C) b (D) 1

1 1 1
æ x b ö bc æ x c ö ca æ x a ö ab
7. The value of ç c ÷ ×ç a÷ × ç b ÷ is equal to NTSE STAGE 1 (2014)
èx ø èx ø èx ø

(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 0 (D) abc

Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

2 2
- b2
The square root of x b . xb +2ab . x a
2
8. is NTSE STAGE 1 (2015)
a+ b (a + b)2
2(a+b) a+b
(A) x (B) x 2 (C) x 2
(D) x

9. Expressing 0.23 + 0.23 as a single decimal, we get NTSE STAGE 1 (2016)

(A) 0.465 (B) 0.465 (C) 0.465 (D) 0.4654

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Class IX : Mathematics
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
10. If (1 + 2 + 3 + ...... 12 ) = 650, then the value of (2 + 4 + 6 + ....... + 24 ) is
NTSE STAGE 1 (2016)
(A) 1300 (B) 2600 (C) 2500 (D) 42250

3+2 3
11. If = a + 3 b , then the value of a + b where a and b are rational numbers is
3- 3

NTSE STAGE 1 (2017)

(A) 5 (B) 8 (C) 2 (D) 16

12. Which of the following is not an irrational number ? NTSE STAGE 1 (2018)
7 2 11
(A) 2 + 5 (B) 2 (C) (D)
5 7 11

13. The multiplication of all prime numbers between 1 and 10 is NTSE STAGE 1 (2018)
(A) 105 (B) 945 (C) 210 (D) 1890

Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

32
 Nu mber System

ANSWERS
CHECK POST-1
7 32 2324 121
1. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
9 99 99 90

73 1
2. 3. 0.3, 0.31 and 0.32 4. 10 5.
90 90

CHECK POST-2
3 8
1. 5 and 2 5 2. 0.101 & 0.1002000010001...... 3. and
2 5

4. 2.1 and 2.2

CHECK POST-3
1. 7 2 + 4 3 2. 5 3 + 13 5

3. 6 + 4 3 + 7 6 4. 3 2 + 8 5

5. 2 15 + 2 10 + 7 6 + 21 6. 6 3 - 3 6 + 12 2 - 12
7. 2 8. 13
9. 3 15 - 3 2 + 3 10 - 2 3 10. 10 - 15 - 2 + 6

CHECK POST-4
28125
2. 10 3. 4. 5 5. 1
256

1 1
6. (a) (b) 8. 35
4 10

CHECK POST-5

5- 2
1. (i) 7 + 6 (ii) 2. (3 + 10 + 5)(8 - 2 30)
3

3. (i) 3+ 2 (ii) 2 - 3 4. a 2 + b2 - b
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

31 + 10 6 13 9
5. (i) (ii) 6 - 35 6. a = ,b=
19 7 7
7. 0 8. 14 9. 8

æ 2 + 6 + 2ö
10. - ç ÷ø
è 4

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Class IX : Mathematics

EXERCISE-1 (ELEMENTARY)
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. B D C C B B D D A B
Que. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. A A A D A D C C A C
Que. 21 22 23 24 25
Ans. C B A C A

EXERCISE-2 (SEASONED)
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. D B A B A A C A D A

EXERCISE-3 (CBSE PATTERN)

1 6 5 4 23
1. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)
3 11 99 3 37
2. (i) Irrational (ii) Rational (iii) Irrational (iv) Irrational
(v) Irrational (vi) Irrational (vii) Rational (viii) Irrational
(ix) Irrational (x) Irrational
3. (i) 0.21010010001..., 0.21020020002... (ii) 0.6010010001......, 0.6020020002......
4. 0.5010010001..., 0.5020020002...

5 7
5. (i) –3ab. 3 4a (ii) (iii) 2 8 2 (iv) a2bc 4 b2c3
3 3

3 1
(v) 2
3 (vi) 35 3 5 (vii) 84 2
ab c a 2c

6. (i) 3
7 (ii) 4
125 (iii) 7 - 3

7. (i) 3 - 2 (ii) 5 + 1 (iii) 15 (iv) 5( 7 + 5)

1 1
8. (i) 25 (ii) 3 (iii) 49 (iv) (v)
4 2

9. (i) 3 + 2 2 (ii) 6 (iii) 2 2 (iv) – 24 2

1 1 9 1
10. (i) a = 8, b = 3 (ii) a = 0, b = , (iii) a = , b = 9 (iv) a = , b =
11 2 2 2

114 - 41 6
Allen-Junior wing\ (2019-20) Mathematics\IX\1.Number System

11. 12. 99 13. 1 14. 56 15. 0

30

EXERCISE-4 (COMPETITIVE ASSESSMENT)

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. C C D C A D A C B B
Que. 11 12 13
Ans. C D C

34