Transportation

Transportation is one of the most basic human activities linked to almost all daily
routines, from employment and obtaining essential services to recreation and
shopping (S chiller, P. et al. (2 0 1 0 ) An Introduction to Sustainable Transportation:
Policy, P lanning and Im plem entation. E arth scan : L ondon.).Today, the
transportation systems in major cities have shown a bad image because of have
traffic congestion, accidents, lack of access to public transport and carbon emissions to
the atmosphere of space contributes to environmental pollution and imbalance in
terms of quality of life in general mobility. Along with the promising concept of
sustainable transport services to consumers and at the same time ensure the safety of
road users and also help towards the welfare and the environment. Transportation
facilities and activities have significant sustainability impacts, including those listed in
fig.1.(Litman T. and Burwell. (2006). Issues in sustainable transportation, international
Journal of Global Environmen Issues. Vol 6,No. 4,pp.331-347

This table summarizes various benefits to society of smart growth development patterns

Smart Growth Benefits (Burchell, et al. 2002; Litman 1995)

Todd Litman (1995), “Land Use Impact Costs of Transportation,” World Transport
Policy & Practice, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 9-16; an updated version titled Evaluating
Transportation, Land Use Impacts is available at www.vtpi.org/landuse.pdf.

Robert Burchell, et al. (2002), The Costs of Sprawl – 2000, TCRP Report 74, TRB
(www.trb.org); at http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_74-a.pdf.

Non-motorized transportation has increasingly become a vital component of an integrated,

sustainable, and multi-modal transportation policy framework in the United States. An extensive
national campaign over the past two decades has placed greater emphasis on cycling as an
element of a broader, inclusive transportation strategy. A growing body of associated research
suggests that Americans are turning to non-motorized methods of transportation at increasing
rates for all or part of their daily mobility needs. The recent attention to cycling has evolved as a
logical partial solution to a number of emergent domestic concerns, particularly traffic
congestion, climate change, and public health. Transportation planning in the United States is
largely the responsibility of state, regional, and local agencies (Weiner, Edward. Urban
Transportation Planning in the United States: History, Policy, and Practice. Westport, CT:
Springer, 2008. E. Weiner 2008).

Non-Motorized Transportation

Non-Motorized Transportation (NMT) includes all forms of travel that do not rely
on an engine or motor for movement. This include walking and bicycle, and using
small-wheeled transport (skates, skateboards, push scooters and hand carts) and
wheelchair . These modes of transport can provide both recreation and transportation.
For example, some people will choose to walk or bicycle rather than drive because they
enjoy the activity. The concept of sustainable transportation is vital to ensure
environment clean, healthy and high quality. The concept also emphasis on the human
life and the environment, to meet current and future needs.The importance of non-
motorized transport can be summarized asfollows: they provide door-to-door
transport; Non-motorized infrastructure usually has a very high spatial transport stops;
Non-motorized have a favorable environmental performance; they are cheap
transport modes; Non-motorized are essential elements in multimodal transport
chains; Non-motorized are healthy. (activities (Rietveld, P. (2001). Biking and Walking:
The Position of Non-Motorized Transport Modes in Transport Systems, Tinbergen
Institute Discussion Papers 01-111/3, Tinbergen Institute.)

It was found that in the US 70% ofbicycle trips are for recreation, while in Holland and
Germany 60–65% of cycling trips are towork, shopping or school. Social conventions,
public prestige (factors, city size, density, safety, Brewer, A.M., Hensher, D.A., 2000.
Distributed work and travel behavior: the dynamics of interactive agency
choicesbetween employers and employees. Transportation 27, 117–148).

(Cervero, R., 1996. Mixed land uses and commuting: evidence from the American
Housing Survey. TransportationResearch A 30, 361–377.)
This table Summary of Active Transport Benefits and Costs
 (Todd Litman. Evaluating Active Transport Benefits and Costs 2014

Research Rationale

The environmental, social and economic challenges brought about by our current
transportation system require that we reconsider the way in which we travel. .
This research will explore the factors influencing rates of utilitarian cycling in Campus
and will develop a set of strategic options to increase the viability of cycling on
campus .While the focus of this research is limited to a single post-secondary
institution, this approach allows for the development of strategies that are steeped in
local conditions, and that address the unique needs of the community. Further,
research undertaken on this scale allows for meaningful community-based approaches
to data collection and analysis, and limits the extent to which results are generalized
across populations. This approach ensures that strategies to increase the viability
of cycling developed as part of this research arise from the very conditions that
they will be applied, thereby limiting the potential for redundancy and irrelevance
while increasing the potential for community acceptance and participation.
Strategies developed at this scale are also more responsive to changes in local
conditions than strategies developed at a provincial or federal scale and can display
greater resilience over time.The strategic options developed within this study can
serve as a framework for addressing pressing transportation issues in Campus while
at the same time reinforcing Reputation as an environmentally conscious
institution. Additionally, the locally contextualized knowledge gained through this
research study can contribute to the overall effectiveness of local transportation
programming, which can then contribute to a net reduction of vehicular traffic on
campus and , as well as a reduction in the social and environment impacts
associated with our current transportation system

Problem statement

this case study is limited in upm campus because Today must of student in upm campus
prefer vehicles to save tim have shown a bad image because of have traffic
congestion, delay, accidents, lack of access to public transport and carbon emissions to
the atmosphere of space contributes to environmental pollution and imbalance in
terms of quality of life in general
Research Objectives
This research was undertaken in an effort to better understand the factors influencing
rates of utilitarian cycling at the campus and to develop a set of options to increase the
viability of cycling as a mode of transportation in campus. This research has two main
objectives and four sub-goals:

1. To understand factors that influence modal selection, with an emphasis on the barriers
and enablers influencing rates of utilitarian cycling.

a. To capture the past and present conditions that serve to influence rates of utilitarian
cycling both in the Campus

b. To establish an understanding of factors that influence transportation decisions in upm,

and to explore factors influencing cycling in particular.

2. To develop a set of strategic options to increase the viability of utilitarian cycling in campus.

a. To identify a set of best practices for increasing the viability of cycling in University campuses.

b. To develop, in collaboration with key stakeholders and local Organizations, a set of

strategic options to increase the viability of cycling As a mode of transportation in Campus

Scope of study
Thesis Outline