Clojure Cheat Sheet (Clojure 1.6 - 1.

9, sheet v44) Relations (set of maps, each with same keys, aka rels)
Rel algebra (clojure.set/) join select project union difference intersection index
rename
Documentation
clojure.repl/ doc find-doc apropos dir source pst javadoc (foo.bar/ is namespace Transients (clojure.org/reference/transients)
for later syms) Create transient persistent!
Change conj! pop! assoc! dissoc! disj! Note: always use return value for later changes,
never original!

Primitives Misc
Compare = identical? not= not compare clojure.data/diff
Numbers Test true? false? instance? nil? some?
Literals Long: 7, hex 0xff, oct 017, base 2 2r1011, base 36 36rCRAZY BigInt:
7N Ratio: -22/7 Double: 2.78 -1.2e-5 BigDecimal: 4.2M
Arithmetic + - * / quot rem mod inc dec max min +’ -’ *’ inc’ dec’ Sequences
Compare == < > <= >= compare Creating a Lazy Seq
Bitwise bit-and bit-or bit-xor bit-not bit-flip bit-set From collection seq vals keys rseq subseq rsubseq sequence
bit-shift-right bit-shift-left bit-and-not bit-clear bit-test From producer fn lazy-seq repeatedly iterate
unsigned-bit-shift-right (see BigInteger for integers larger than From constant repeat range
Long) From other file-seq line-seq resultset-seq re-seq tree-seq xml-seq
Cast byte short int long float double bigdec bigint num rationalize iterator-seq enumeration-seq
biginteger From seq keep keep-indexed
Test zero? pos? neg? even? odd? number? rational? integer? ratio?
decimal? float? (1.9) double? int? nat-int? neg-int? pos-int? Seq in, Seq out
Random rand rand-int Get shorter distinct filter remove take-nth for (1.7) dedupe random-sample
BigDecimal with-precision Get longer cons conj concat lazy-cat mapcat cycle interleave interpose
Unchecked *unchecked-math* unchecked-add unchecked-dec unchecked-inc Tail-items rest nthrest next fnext nnext drop drop-while take-last for
unchecked-multiply unchecked-negate unchecked-subtract Head-items take take-while butlast drop-last for
‘Change’ conj concat distinct flatten group-by partition partition-all
Strings
partition-by split-at split-with filter remove replace shuffle
Create str format "a string" "escapes \b\f\n\t\r\" octal \377 hex \ucafe" See Rearrange reverse sort sort-by compare
also section IO/to string Process items map pmap map-indexed mapcat for replace seque
Use count get subs compare (clojure.string/) join escape split split-lines
replace replace-first reverse (1.8) index-of last-index-of Using a Seq
Regex #"pattern" re-find re-seq re-matches re-pattern re-matcher re-groups Extract item first second last rest next ffirst nfirst fnext nnext nth
(clojure.string/) replace replace-first re-quote-replacement Note: \ in #"" nthnext rand-nth when-first max-key min-key
is not escape char. (re-pattern "\\s*\\d+") can be written #"\s*\d+" Construct coll zipmap into reduce reductions set vec into-array to-array-2d
Letters (clojure.string/) capitalize lower-case upper-case mapv filterv
Trim (clojure.string/) trim trim-newline triml trimr Pass to fn apply
Test string? (clojure.string/) blank? (1.8) starts-with? ends-with? includes? Search some filter
Force evaluation doseq dorun doall (1.7) run!
Other
Check for forced realized?
Characters char char? char-name-string char-escape-string literals: \a \newline
(more at link)
Keywords keyword keyword? find-keyword literals: :kw :my.name.space/kw Transducers (clojure.org/reference/transducers)
::in-cur-namespace ::namespace-alias/kw
Off the shelf map mapcat filter remove take take-while take-nth drop
Symbols symbol symbol? gensym literals: my-sym my.ns/foo
drop-while replace partition-by partition-all keep keep-indexed
Misc literals: true false nil
map-indexed distinct interpose (1.7) cat dedupe random-sample
(1.9) halt-when
Create your own (1.7) completing ensure-reduced unreduced See also section Concur-
rency/Volatiles
Collections
Use into sequence (1.7) transduce eduction
Collections Early termination reduced reduced? deref
Generic ops count empty not-empty into conj (clojure.walk/) walk prewalk
prewalk-demo prewalk-replace postwalk postwalk-demo
postwalk-replace (1.9) bounded-count Spec (rationale, guide)
Content tests distinct? empty? every? not-every? some not-any? Operations valid? conform unform explain explain-data explain-str
Capabilities sequential? associative? sorted? counted? reversible? explain-out form describe assert check-asserts check-asserts?
Type tests coll? list? vector? set? map? seq? record? (1.8) map-entry? Generator ops gen exercise exercise-fn
Defn. & registry def fdef registry get-spec spec? spec with-gen
Lists (conj, pop, & peek at beginning)
Logical and or
Create () list list* Collection coll-of map-of every every-kv keys merge
Examine first nth peek .indexOf .lastIndexOf Regex cat alt * + ? & keys*
‘Change’ cons conj rest pop Range int-in inst-in double-in int-in-range? inst-in-range?
Vectors (conj, pop, & peek at end) Other nilable multi-spec fspec conformer
Custom explain explain-printer *explain-out*
Create [] vector vec vector-of mapv filterv (clojure.core.rrb-vector/) vector vec
vector-of Predicates with test.check generators
Examine (my-vec idx) → ( nth my-vec idx) get peek .indexOf .lastIndexOf Numbers number? rational? integer? ratio? decimal? float? zero? (1.9)
‘Change’ assoc assoc-in pop subvec replace conj rseq update-in (1.7) update double? int? nat-int? neg-int? pos-int?
Ops reduce-kv Symbols, keyword? symbol? (1.9) ident? qualified-ident? qualified-keyword?
keywords qualified-symbol? simple-ident? simple-keyword? simple-symbol?
Sets
Other string? true? false? nil? some? (1.9) boolean? bytes? inst? uri?
Create unsorted #{} set hash-set
scalars uuid?
Create sorted sorted-set sorted-set-by (clojure.data.avl/) sorted-set
Collections list? map? set? vector? associative? coll? sequential? seq? empty?
sorted-set-by (flatland.ordered.set/) ordered-set (clojure.data.int-
(1.9) indexed? seqable?
map/) int-set dense-int-set
Other (1.9) any?
Examine (my-set item) → ( get my-set item) contains?
‘Change’ conj disj
Set ops (clojure.set/) union difference intersection select See also section IO
Relations to/from spit slurp (to writer/from reader, Socket, string with file name, URI, etc.)
Test (clojure.set/) subset? superset? ...
Sorted sets rseq subseq rsubseq to *out* pr prn print printf println newline (clojure.pprint/) print-table
to writer (clojure.pprint/) pprint cl-format also: (binding [*out* writer] ...)
Maps
to string format with-out-str pr-str prn-str print-str println-str
Create unsorted {} hash-map array-map zipmap bean frequencies group-by (clo- from *in* read-line (clojure.tools.reader.edn/) read
jure.set/) index from reader line-seq (clojure.tools.reader.edn/) read also: (binding [*in* reader]
Create sorted sorted-map sorted-map-by (clojure.data.avl/) sorted-map ...) java.io.Reader
sorted-map-by (flatland.ordered.map/) ordered-map from string with-in-str (clojure.tools.reader.edn/) read-string
(clojure.data.priority-map/) priority-map (flatland.useful.map/) Open with-open (clojure.java.io/) text: reader writer binary: input-stream
ordering-map (clojure.data.int-map/) int-map output-stream
Examine (my-map k) → ( get my-map k) also (:key my-map) → ( get Binary (.write ostream byte-arr) (.read istream byte-arr)
my-map :key) get-in contains? find keys vals java.io.OutputStream java.io.InputStream GitHub: gloss byte-spec
‘Change’ assoc assoc-in dissoc merge merge-with select-keys update-in Misc flush (.close s) file-seq *in* *out* *err* (clojure.java.io/) file
(1.7) update (clojure.set/) rename-keys map-invert GitHub: Medley copy delete-file resource as-file as-url as-relative-path GitHub:
Ops reduce-kv fs
Entry key val Data readers *data-readers* default-data-readers *default-data-reader-fn*
Sorted maps rseq subseq rsubseq

Queues (conj at end, peek & pop from beginning) Functions

Create clojure.lang.PersistentQueue/EMPTY (no literal syntax or constructor Create fn defn defn- definline identity constantly memfn comp complement
fn) partial juxt memoize fnil every-pred some-fn
Examine peek Call apply -> ->> trampoline as-> cond-> cond->> some-> some->>
’Change’ conj pop Test fn? ifn?
Abstractions (Clojure type selection flowchart) Vars and global environment (clojure.org/reference/vars)
Protocols (clojure.org/reference/protocols) Def variants def defn defn- definline defmacro defmethod defmulti defonce
Define ( defprotocol Slicey (slice [at])) defrecord
Extend ( extend-type String Slicey (slice [at] ...)) Interned vars declare intern binding find-var var
Extend null ( extend-type nil Slicey (slice [_] nil)) Var objects with-local-vars var-get var-set alter-var-root var? bound?
Reify ( reify Slicey (slice [at] ...)) thread-bound?
Test satisfies? extends? Var validators set-validator! get-validator
Other extend extend-protocol extenders
Namespace
Records (clojure.org/reference/datatypes)
Current *ns*
Define ( defrecord Pair [h t]) Create/Switch (tutorial) ns in-ns create-ns
Access (:h (Pair. 1 2)) → 1 Add alias def import intern refer
Create Pair. ->Pair map->Pair Find all-ns find-ns
Test record? Examine ns-name ns-aliases ns-map ns-interns ns-publics ns-refers
Types (clojure.org/reference/datatypes) ns-imports
From symbol resolve ns-resolve namespace the-ns
Define ( deftype Pair [h t])
Remove ns-unalias ns-unmap remove-ns
Access (.h (Pair. 1 2)) → 1
Create Pair. ->Pair
( deftype Pair [h t]
Loading
With methods Object Load libs (tutorial) require use import refer
(toString [this] (str "<" h "," t ">"))) List loaded loaded-libs
Load misc load load-file load-reader load-string
Multimethods (clojure.org/reference/multimethods)
Define ( defmulti my-mm dispatch-fn) Concurrency
Method define ( defmethod my-mm :dispatch-value [args] ...) Atoms atom swap! reset! compare-and-set! (1.9) swap-vals! reset-vals!
Dispatch get-method methods Futures future future-call future-done? future-cancel future-cancelled?
Remove remove-method remove-all-methods future?
Prefer prefer-method prefers Threads bound-fn bound-fn* get-thread-bindings push-thread-bindings
Relation derive underive isa? parents ancestors descendants make-hierarchy pop-thread-bindings thread-bound?
Volatiles (1.7) volatile! vreset! vswap! volatile?
Macros Misc locking pcalls pvalues pmap seque promise deliver
Create defmacro definline
Refs and Transactions (clojure.org/reference/refs)
Debug macroexpand-1 macroexpand (clojure.walk/) macroexpand-all
Branch and or when when-not when-let when-first if-not if-let cond condp case Create ref
when-some if-some Examine deref @ (@form → (deref form))
Loop for doseq dotimes while Transaction sync dosync io!
Arrange .. doto -> ->> as-> cond-> cond->> some-> some->> In transaction ensure ref-set alter commute
Scope binding locking time with-in-str with-local-vars with-open with-out-str Validators set-validator! get-validator
with-precision with-redefs with-redefs-fn History ref-history-count ref-min-history ref-max-history
Lazy lazy-cat lazy-seq delay
Agents and Asynchronous Actions (clojure.org/reference/agents)
Doc. assert comment doc
Create agent
Examine agent-error
Special Characters (clojure.org/reference/reader, guide) Change state send send-off restart-agent send-via set-agent-send-executor!
, Comma reads as white space. Often used between map key/value pairs for set-agent-send-off-executor!
readability. Block waiting await await-for
’ quote: ’form → ( quote form) Ref validators set-validator! get-validator
/ Namespace separator (see Primitives/Other section) Watchers add-watch remove-watch
\ Character literal (see Primitives/Other section) Thread handling shutdown-agents
: Keyword (see Primitives/Other section) Error error-handler set-error-handler! error-mode set-error-mode!
; Single line comment Misc *agent* release-pending-sends
ˆ Metadata (see Metadata section)
*foo* ’earmuffs’ - convention to indicate dynamic vars, compiler warns Java Interoperation (clojure.org/reference/java_interop)
if not dynamic General .. doto Classname/ Classname. new bean comparator enumeration-seq
@ Deref: @form → ( deref form) import iterator-seq memfn set! class class? bases supers type
‘ Syntax-quote gen-class gen-interface definterface
foo# ’auto-gensym’, consistently replaced with same auto-generated Cast boolean byte short char int long float double bigdec bigint num cast
symbol everywhere inside same ‘( ... ) biginteger
~ Unquote Exceptions throw try catch finally pst ex-info ex-data (1.9)
~@ Unquote-splicing StackTraceElement->vec
-> ’thread first’ macro ->
->> ’thread last’ macro ->> Arrays
>!! <!! >! <! core.async channel macros >!! <!! >! <! Create make-array object-array boolean-array byte-array short-array char-array
( List literal (see Collections/Lists section) int-array long-array float-array double-array aclone to-array
[ Vector literal (see Collections/Vectors section) to-array-2d into-array
{ Map literal (see Collections/Maps section) Use aget aset aset-boolean aset-byte aset-short aset-char aset-int aset-long
#’ Var-quote #’x → ( var x) aset-float aset-double alength amap areduce
#" #"p" reads as regex pattern p (see Strings/Regex section) Cast booleans bytes shorts chars ints longs floats doubles
#{ Set literal (see Collections/Sets section)
#( Anonymous function literal: #(...) → (fn [args] (...)) Proxy (Clojure type selection flowchart)
% Anonymous function argument: %N is value of anonymous function Create proxy get-proxy-class construct-proxy init-proxy
arg N. % short for %1. %& for rest args. Misc proxy-mappings proxy-super update-proxy
#? (1.7) Reader conditional: #?(:clj x :cljs y) reads as x on
JVM, y in ClojureScript, nothing elsewhere. Other keys: :cljr Zippers (clojure.zip/)
:default
Create zipper seq-zip vector-zip xml-zip
#?@ (1.7) Splicing reader conditional: [1 #?@(:clj [x y] :cljs [w
Get loc up down left right leftmost rightmost
z]) 3] reads as [1 x y 3] on JVM, [1 w z 3] in ClojureScript, [1
Get seq lefts rights path children
3] elsewhere.
‘Change’ make-node replace edit insert-child insert-left insert-right
#foo tagged literal e.g. #inst #uuid
append-child remove
$ JavaContainerClass$InnerClass
Move next prev
foo? conventional ending for a predicate, e.g.: zero? vector?
Misc root node branch? end?
instance? (unenforced)
foo! conventional ending for an unsafe operation, e.g.: set! swap!
alter-meta! (unenforced)
Other
_ conventional name for an unused value (unenforced) XML clojure.xml/parse xml-seq
#_ Ignore next form REPL *1 *2 *3 *e *print-dup* *print-length* *print-level* *print-meta*
*print-readably*
Code *compile-files* *compile-path* *file* *warn-on-reflection* compile
Metadata (clojure.org/reference/reader, special_forms) loaded-libs test
General ˆ{:key1 val1 :key2 val2 ...} Misc eval force hash name *clojure-version* clojure-version
Abbrevs ˆType → ˆ{:tag Type}, ˆ:key → ˆ{:key true} *command-line-args*
Common ˆ:dynamic ˆ:private ˆ:doc ˆ:const Browser (clojure.java.browse/) browse-url (clojure.java.shell/) sh with-sh-dir
Examples (defn ˆ:private ˆString my-fn ...) (def ˆ:dynamic *dyn-var* val) / Shell with-sh-env
On Vars meta with-meta vary-meta alter-meta! reset-meta! doc find-doc test

Special Forms (clojure.org/reference/special_forms)

def if do let letfn quote var fn loop recur set! throw try monitor-enter
monitor-exit
Binding Forms / (examples) let fn defn defmacro loop for doseq if-let when-let
Destructuring if-some when-some