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4 - Linear Queue and Circular Queue

A queue is a linear data structure that follows FIFO (First In First Out) ordering. Elements are inserted at the rear end and deleted from the front end. It can be represented using an array with pointers to track the front and rear positions. Enqueue operations increment the rear pointer while dequeue operations increment the front pointer. Circular queues overcome the limitation of regular queues by wrapping the pointers around to the beginning of the array when they reach the end.

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naveen ds
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77 views

4 - Linear Queue and Circular Queue

A queue is a linear data structure that follows FIFO (First In First Out) ordering. Elements are inserted at the rear end and deleted from the front end. It can be represented using an array with pointers to track the front and rear positions. Enqueue operations increment the rear pointer while dequeue operations increment the front pointer. Circular queues overcome the limitation of regular queues by wrapping the pointers around to the beginning of the array when they reach the end.

Uploaded by

naveen ds
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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QUEUES - FIFO

• Queue is a linear structure in which Deletions can take place


at one end only, called the Front and Insertions can take place
only at other end, called the Rear.

• Three everyday examples of such a structure


– Waiting Automobiles for Fuel
– People Waiting in Line at Bank
– Programs with the same Priority

AAA BBB CCC DDD AAA Front


DDD Rear
Dr. P. Gayathri, Associate Professor, SCOPE 1
Representation of Queues

• FRONT: Containing the Location of the Front Element


• REAR: Containing the Location of the Rear Element
• Deletion: FRONT := FRONT + 1
• Insertion: REAR := REAR + 1
• After N Insertions, the Rear Element of the Queue will Occupy
QUEUE [N]
• Enqueue is the term used to denote insertion and dequeue is
the term used to denote deletion operation

Dr. P. Gayathri, Associate Professor, SCOPE 2


Representation of Queues Cont…

FRONT- 1 AAA BBB CCC DDD ……. ……. ……


REAR - 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 N

FRONT- 2 BBB CCC DDD ……. ……. ……


REAR - 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 N

FRONT- 2 BBB CCC DDD EEE FFF ……


REAR - 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 N

FRONT- 3 CCC DDD EEE FFF ……


REAR - 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 N
Dr. P. Gayathri, Associate Professor, SCOPE 3
ENQ (ITEM)

1. If REAR = N
Then Print OVERFLOW
2. Set REAR=REAR+1
3. Set QUEUE[REAR]=ITEM
4. If FRONT= 0 //queue is initially empty
Then Set FRONT=1

Dr. P. Gayathri, Associate Professor, SCOPE 4


DEQ ()

1. If FRONT=0, then print UNDERFLOW


2. Else Set ITEM=QUEUE[FRONT]
3. If FRONT=REAR, then //Queue has only one element]
Set FRONT=0 and REAR=0
Else Set FRONT=FRONT+1
4. Print ITEM

Dr. P. Gayathri, Associate Professor, SCOPE 5


Queue applications
• Printer
• Device connected to a network
• Client-server communication

Dr. P. Gayathri, Associate Professor, SCOPE 6


Circular Queue
• Queue – Disadvantage is once if rear has
reached the (end)max position, we cannot
insert an element into queue though the
number of elements is lesser than the max
capacity of queue
• Solution – Circular queue – whenever front or
rear reaches the end of the queue, it is
wrapped around to the beginning.
Diagrammatic representation
Diagrammatic representation
Full queue condition
(Rear == max and front ==1) or (rear+1 == front)
Diagrammatic representation
ENQ (ITEM)

1. If (Rear == max and front ==1) or (rear+1 == front)


Then Print OVERFLOW
2. If rear == MAX
rear = 1
else rear = rear +1
3. Set QUEUE[rear]=ITEM
4. If FRONT= 0 //queue is initially empty
Then Set FRONT=1

Dr. P. Gayathri, Associate Professor, SCOPE 12


DEQ ()

1. If FRONT=0, then print UNDERFLOW


2. Else Set ITEM=QUEUE[FRONT]
3. If FRONT=REAR, then //Queue has only one element]
Set FRONT=0 and REAR=0
Else if (FRONT = MAX) Then set Front = 1
else Set FRONT=FRONT+1
4. Print ITEM

Dr. P. Gayathri, Associate Professor, SCOPE 13

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