GROUP 6 - PCJ Discussion
GROUP 6 - PCJ Discussion
Even the most developed and progressive countries in the world, with their vast resources, have to
contend with the problem of juvenile delinquency. Although the degrees of the severity of the problem
vary from country to country, the fact remains that juvenile delinquency continues to persist despite all
efforts put into its prevention.
Numerous definitions have been formulated to give meaning to the term “juvenile delinquency”.
Some of these are the following:
Juvenile delinquency is the participation in illegal behavior by a minor who falls under a
statutory age limit (Siegel, Welsh and Senna, 2007); Juvenile delinquency is defined as acts
committed by a juvenile that, if committed by an adult, would be a criminal act (Del Carmen
and Trulson, 2006);
Although there are many definitions of the term, these definitions have the following common
components: the person involved is a juvenile or minor, there is an act committed or behavior
demonstrated, and such act or behavior is against the law or rules of behavior of society.
Therefore, juvenile delinquency may be simply defined as any act in violation of a law or any
form of behavior that does not conform to the standard of acceptable behavior in society
committed by a minor.
These acts or behavior also take the form of status offenses. A status offense is an act or
behavior that is considered wrong or improper when it is committed by a child or minor. The
term status here refers to the condition of the person as being a minor or a child. Status offenses are
not necessarily illegal acts because not all status offenses violate any written law. However, these
acts and behavior do not conform to the standard of acceptable behavior for children, and therefore,
they must be controlled and corrected. Examples of status offenses are running away from home,
cutting classes in school, drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes, swearing or using bad language,
showing disrespect to elders and truancy. Truancy is defined as having unexcused absence from
school for a period exceeding twenty (20) days.
Juvenile delinquency is committed by a child or minor:
The age of majority in the Philippines is eighteen (18) years old. This is provided by Republic Act
6809, the law that lowered the age of majority from twenty-one (21) to eighteen years old (18).
This law took effect on December 13, 1989. This means that when a person reaches the age of
eighteen, he is already an adult and no longer a child. This is called emancipation. Emancipation is
defined as the freedom from parental authority upon reaching the age of majority (18) over both the
person and property with the exemption of the capacity to contract marriage.
EXPLANATION: Ang edad ng mayorya sa Pilipinas ay labingwalong (18) taong gulang. Ito ay
itinatadhana ng Republic Act 6809, ang batas na nagpababa sa edad ng mayorya na dati ay
dalawampu't isa (21) hanggang labing walong taong gulang (18). Nagkabisa ang batas na ito noong
Disyembre 13, 1989. Ibig sabihin, kapag ang isang tao ay umabot sa edad na labing-walo, siya ay
nasa hustong gulang na at hindi na bata. Ito ay tinatawag na emancipation. Ang emancipation ay
tinukoy bilang ang kalayaan mula sa awtoridad ng magulang sa pag-abot sa edad ng mayorya (18)
sa parehong tao at ari-arian na may exemption ng kapasidad na makipagkontrata sa kasal.
Therefore, the term minor refers to any person whose age is seventeen (17) years old and
below. The words juvenile, child and youth are synonymous with the word minor and are used
interchangeably.
EXPLANATION: Samakatuwid, ang terminong menor de edad ay tumutukoy sa sinumang tao na ang
edad ay labimpitong (17) taong gulang pababa. Ang mga salitang juvenile, child at youth ay
magkasingkahulugan ng salitang minor at ginagamit ito nang palitan.
If the person who behaved in an unacceptable manner or who violated the law is a child or minor,
then he is called a delinquent or a child in conflict with the law. But if the person who violated the
law is already an adult, then that person is called an offender.
EXPLANATION: Ang lipunan ay may isang hanay kung saan ay may nakasulat at hindi nakasulat na
mga tuntunin sa kung anong mga aksyon ang pinahihintulutan at hindi pinahihintulutan. Ang mga
nakasulat na tuntunin ay tinatawag nating batas. Sinasabi nito sa atin kung anong mga aksyon ang
dapat iwasan at inuutusan tayo nito kung anong mga aksyon ang dapat gawin. Ang pagkabigong
sumunod sa mga batas ay may kaukulang parusa, na naghihikayat sa mga tao na lumabag dito. Ang
mga batas ay nilikha ng mga awtoridad upang ayusin ang ating mga aksyon upang ang pagkakaisa
at kaayusan ay mapanatili sa ating lipunan sa lahat ng oras.
The unwritten rules, sometimes referred to as social norms, are those rules that are not written
down on paper but are being obeyed because of our traditions, customs, culture and beliefs. Although
they are not laws, people are still expected to obey them because these have been generally
regarded as acceptable and also serve the purpose of maintaining harmony and order. Failure to
obey these rules destroys such oder and the offender must be punished one way or another.
EXPLANATION: Ang hindi nakasulat na mga tuntunin, na kung minsan ay tinutukoy bilang mga
pamantayang panlipunan, ay ang mga tuntuning hindi nakasulat sa papel ngunit sinusunod dahil sa
ating mga tradisyon, kaugalian, kultura at paniniwala. Bagama't hindi ito mga batas, inaasahan pa rin
ng mga tao na sundin ang mga ito dahil ang mga ito ay karaniwang itinuturing na katanggap-tanggap
at nagsisilbi rin sa layunin ng pagpapanatili ng pagkakaisa at kaayusan. Isang halimbawa nito ay wala
namang nakasulat sa batas na bawal magsinungaling pero dahil ito ay nakasanayan na base sa
paniniwala at kultura, nagiging masama ito. Ang pagkabigong sumunod sa mga tuntuning ito ay
sumisira sa naturang oder at ang nagkasala ay dapat parusahan sa isang paraan o iba pa isang
halimbawa na ay ang karma, pagtutuwid o iba pa.
Therefore, a child or minor who violated either the written rule or unwritten rule has committed
an act of juvenile delinquency.
EXPLANATION: Samakatuwid, ang isang bata o menor de edad na lumabag sa alinman sa
nakasulat na tuntunin o hindi nakasulat na tuntunin ay nakagawa ng akto ng juvenile delinquency.
EXPLANATION: Noong May 26, 2003 naman, ang RA 7610 na sinuportahan ng RA 9208 ay
nilagdaan. Ito ay kilala bilang Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003. Ang batas na ito naman ay
tumutukoy sa isang krimen kung saan pinipilit ang isang batang magtrabaho, makisangkot sa sekswal
na gawain at abusuhin ang mga ito. Sa batas na ito isinasakatuparan ang pag-iwas sa mga nasabing
gawain lalo pa’t bata ang biktima rito.
Another important legislation for the protection of children is RA 9262, otherwise known as the
Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004, approved on March 8, 2004. This
law provides protection for children from abuses committed by their own parents and certain relatives.
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EXPLANATION: Isa pa sa mga mahahalagang batas bilang pagprotekta sa mga bata ay ang RA
9262. Ang batas na ito ay kilala bilang Anti-Violence Against Women and their Children Act of 2004.
Ang batas na ito ay naglalayong protektahan ang mga kababaihan at kanilang anak sa mga pang-
aabuso at pananamantala na minsa’y natatanggap pa nila sa sariling magulang o kamag-anak. Ang
batas na ito ay pinagtibay noong March 8, 2004.
Then, in 2006, a new law was enacted which substantially repealed the provisions of PD 603
regarding youthful offenders and juvenile justice. This law is RA 9344, otherwise known as the
Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006. It was approved on April 28, 2006 and became effective
on May 14, 2006.