GRADE 12 – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

NAME: GRADE AND STRAND:

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LESSON 6: Media and Information Sources

Citizens require new competencies (knowledge, skills and attitudes) in order to participate in and contribute to society. An understanding of
these terms is necessary before engaging and must first of all begin with a clear comprehension of the concept of information.By that, getting credible
and reliable from a reputable source takes a lot of considerations. This lesson will give us the idea of how important is indigenous media and other
sources of information and the skills on evaluating information.

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Learning objectives
In this lesson, you will:
1. Identify the different sources of information
2. Compare potential sources of media and information. MIL11/12MIMIIIe-13.
3. Determine the accuracy, reliability and value of information by questioning the source of data, limitations of the information
gathering tools or strategies, and the rationale of the conclusions.

WHAT I KNOW
Pretest
Let’s see how much you know before we tackle the lesson. Below is a True or False test. Write T in the space provided if the statement
is true, otherwise F if not.
1. Indigenous media and information are highly credible because they are near the source and are seldom circulated for
profit.
2. Indigenous media are channels for change, education, and development because of its direct access to local channels.
3. Ignoring indigenous media and information can result in development and education programs that are irrelevant and
ineffective.
4. Oral instruction, Records - may be written, carved, or oral , Gatherings and social organizations and Direct observation are few forms of
indigenous media
5. Indigenous Knowledge is unique to a given culture or society.
6. Library exist because of the birth of printing press.

WHAT’S NEW
Activity 6.1 Spot it Out!
Read and understand the directions and answer the given activity.These are news articles, book and magazines by which our current
president was illustrated.

A Published Book A Published Magazine A Published News Article

Retrieved from Retrieved from Retrieved from

https://images-na.ssl-images https://images.gmanews.tv/webpics/2 https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/2/26/Rodrigo

Illustrate the differences and similarities between the information gathered in each source. Write your answer on the space provided.

Similarities Differences

WHAT IS IT?
Discussion
SOURCES OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION
Information can come from virtually anywhere — media, blogs, personal experiences, books, journal and magazine articles,
expert opinions, encyclopedias, and web pages — and the type of information you need will change depending on the question you are
trying to answer.
But, what was the basis for your choice of information source?

A. Indigenous Knowledge* (IK) is an unconventional source of information. It is also known as local knowledge. According to Warren (1991), it is
the knowledge that is unique to a given culture or society. It may contrast with the international knowledge system generated by universities, research
institutions and private firms.
Examples for IK: Muyongs : Ifugao’s traditional land-use zoning system.
This knowledge is then be transfer through Indigenous Media(IM).
IM is owned, controlled and managed by indigenous peoples in order for them to develop and produce culturally appropriate information in
the languages understood by the community by utilizing indigenous materials and resources, reflecting community needs and interests, visions and
aspirations, and independent from vested interest groups (Indigenous Media, Freedom of Expression and Right to Information: ASEAN Scenario,
2014).
Indigenous Media’s characteristics are as follows:
 oral tradition of communication 
 store information in memories
 information exchange is face to- face
 information are contain within the border of the community
B. Library*. It is a place in which literary, musical, artistic, or reference materials (such as books, manuscripts, recordings, or films) are kept for use
but not for sale. It was existed because of the birth of the printing press. And expected to select and provide content that area easy to access. Its main
role is to organize and provide you access information. And labelled as “steward of good information”. No longer static of limited to purely collecting
physical materials for archiving, but has extended to acquiring new modes of providing information such as the use of digital sources and facilities
that utilize media.
Types of Library
1. ACADEMIC LIBRARY . It serves colleges and universities.
2. PUBLIC LIBRARY. It serves cities and towns of all types.
3. SCHOOL LIBRARY. It serves students from Kindergarten to Grade 12.
4. SPECIAL LIBRARY- These are in specialized environments, such as hospitals, corporations, museums, the military, private business, and the
government.
C. Internet*. It is a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks
using standardized communication protocols.
Unlike similar information found in newspapers or television broadcasts, information available on the Internet is not regulated for quality or
accuracy; therefore, it is particularly important for the individual Internet user to evaluate the resource or information. Keep in mind that almost
anyone can publish anything they wish on the Web. It is often difficult to determine authorship of Web sources, and even if the author is listed, he or
she may not always represent him or herself honestly, or he or she may represent opinions as fact.
How will you evaluate the information found in the internet?
1. Authorship . It is critical to relate the ideas you find at a site to a particular author, organization, or business. In this way, there is a degree
of accountability for any of the ideas expressed. Be especially wary of sites in which the author or sponsoring organization is not clearly stated.
2. Publishing body. Anyone with an Internet Service Provider (AT&T, UP.net, NMU, etc.) can put up a Web page. As a result, you need to
have some idea whether the group claiming responsibility for the information on the Web site is legitimate.
3. Accuracy and Verifiability. A source of information is known to be scholarly when it provides references to the information presented. In
this way, the reader can confirm whether the information is accurate or the author's conclusions reasonable. A page without references still may be
useful as an example of the ideas of an individual, organization, or business, but not as source of factual information.
4. Currency . Some information is very time sensitive. For example, a page talking about the top rate Web search engines in 1997 is going to
be horribly out of date in 2000. There have been incredible changes in search engine technology and new developments appear almost monthly.
However, a page discussing the Civil War is likely still relevant today even if the page was created in 1996 and has not been updated. Regardless, a
site should always provide some indication of when the information was created or the site was last updated.
SKILLS IN DETERMINING THE RELIABILITY OF INFORMATION SKILLS IN DETERMINING THE ACCURATE INFORMATION
 Check the Author  Look for facts.
 Check the Date of Publication or of update  Cross-reference with other source for consistency.
 Check for Citations  Determine the reason for writing and publishing the information.
 Check the Domain or owner of the site/page.  Check for advertising. Advertisers may use related information to
.com – commercial market their product.
. edu - educational
.mil - military
.gov – government
.org - nonprofit organization
Other alternative forms of communication and distribution have become popular. These include social media, blogs, and flash mob
performances. These alternative forms provide greater freedom and power to ordinary individuals and are a quicker way of distributing information.
The downside is that a lot of the information being passed around is biased and inaccurate.

WHAT IS IT?
Activity 6.2 Evaluating Information
Read and understand the given news below and answer the follow up questions.
This is a news article from CNN Philippine website. Retrieved from https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/4/6/arrests-over-
coronavirus-fakenews.html
Fill out the following table on the next page.
Selection Criteria Questions to ponder Your answer
Reliability 1. Which of these details can be verified in other sources?
2. Could these details be true?
Why or why not?
Accuracy 3. Which of these facts are measurable?
4. Is the article written with care?
Value 5. Who would find this article valuable?
Authority 6. Who wrote the article?
7. Are the sources properly cited?
Timeliness 8. When was the article written?

WHAT IS IT?
Discussion
ACCURACY, RELIABILITY AND VALUE OF INFORMATION
Although, the value of information would also depend on the need of the user but these are the key skills to better get the rightful information that you
need to:
1. Reliability of information - Information is said to be reliable if it can be verified and evaluated. Others refer to the trustworthiness of the source in
evaluating the reliability of information.
2. Accuracy of information - Accuracy refers to the closeness of the report to the actual data. Measurement of accuracy varies, depending on the type
of information being evaluated. Forecasts are said to be accurate if the report is similar to the actual data. Financial information is considered accurate
if the values are correct, properly classified, and presented
3. Value of information - Information is said to be of value if it aids the user in making or improving decisions.
4. Authority of the source - Much of the information we gather daily do not come from a primary source but are passed on through secondary sources
such as writers, reporters, and the like. Sources with an established expertise on the subject matter are considered as having sound authority on the
subject.
5. Timeliness - Reliability, accuracy, and value of information may vary based on the time it was produced or acquired. While a piece of information
may have been found accurate, reliable, and valuable during the time it was produced, it may become irrelevant and inaccurate with the passing of
time (thus making it less valuable). Other information may be timeless, proven to be the same in reliability, accuracy, and value throughout history.

ASSESSMENT
Posttest
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Encircle the letter of your choice. Be wary of options, choose only the best. ONLY THE BEST. You will get
wronged and hurt if you choose the wrong ones. It is only your conscious choice that will dictate your fate. May the God be with you!
1. One of the difficulties of coping with twenty-first-century media is
a. a lack of information. b. a lack of reliable information.
c. the need to sift good information from bad information. d. All these answers are correct.
2. When searching the Internet you should keep in mind...
a. That you can find any information online if you just search long enough
b. That banner ads and chat rooms will often lead you to the best quality information
c. That because of copyright laws, nothing worthwhile is ever published on the Internet
d. That not all online sources provide reliable or authoritative information
3. When working on a research assignment, what is an effective and efficient plan of action to take? Arrange the steps below from start to end for an
effective and efficient plan.
A. Select information resources
B. Cite sources
C. Organize information
D. Conduct effective searches
E. Evaluate information
F. Define topic
G. Review (and repeat)
a. F, A, C, B, D, G, E b. F, A, D, G, E, C, B c. A, B, C, D, E, F, G d. A, F, D, G, E, C, B
4. Which of the following is NOT one of the main ways of evaluating information found online?
a. Looking at the brand name. . .is it a trusted brand?
b. Checking the website's internal information and procedure for fact-checking and mission, as well as what types of web sites it links to
c. Comparing the information on the website with the same information from an established media company or with original source material
d. None of the above
5. In order to assess whether the information you found is biased, which of the following should you consider?
I. Author’s age
II. Author’s organization
III. Author’s academic/professional qualifications
IV. Purpose of the information
V. Tone of language
VI. Type of publication, e.g. scholarly journal, popular magazine, website
a. I, III, IV b. II, III, IV, VI c. II, IV, V d. III, IV, V, VI
6. Eduardo Saverin, the co-founder of Facebook, is heard to be living in Singapore and was seen at local nightspot, The Butter Factory. You googled
and found this website which mentions the news: Facebook Co-Founder, Eduardo Saverin, is in Singapore - Video Within Teh, J., 31 Oct 2010.
Facebook Co-Founder, Eduardo Saverin, is in Singapore – Video Within. TechieLobang.com. Available from:
http://techielobang.com/blog/2010/10/31/facebook-co-founder-eduardo-saverinis-in-singapore-video-within/ [Accessed 10 Mar 2011]. You think the
news is probably true because:
a. Your friend said that he thought he saw Saverin at The Butter Factory last month.
b. You searched the local newspaper The Straits Times and found the article which reported this news.
c. The website says that it was reported in The Straits Times.
d. None of these.
For items below, Refer to the sample Mind Map.
7. Indigenous media and information are highly credible because they are near the source and are seldom circulated for profit.
A. TRUE B. FALSE
8. Indigenous media are channels for change, education, and development because of its direct access to local channels.
A. TRUE B. FALSE
9. Ignoring indigenous media and information can result in development and education programs that are irrelevant and ineffective.
A. TRUE B. FALSE
B. Write T in the space provided if the statement is true, otherwise F if not.
1. Indigenous media and information are highly credible because they are near the source and are seldom circulated for profit.
2. Indigenous media are channels for change, education, and development because of its direct access to local channels.
3. Ignoring indigenous media and information can result in development and education programs that are irrelevant and ineffective.
4. Oral instruction, Records - may be written, carved, or oral , Gatherings and social organizations and Direct observation are few forms of indigenous
media
5. Indigenous Knowledge is unique to a given culture or society.
6. Library exist because of the birth of printing press.