UNIT 6

1. Answers will vary.

2. Answers will vary.
3. 1. I’m drawing a blank
2. it’s a safe bet
3. the way I see it
4. I’m toast
5. we’ll cross that bridge when we come to it
6. no sweat
7. I’m off
4. 1. had taken, wouldn’t be sitting
2. hadn’t been talking, would have heard
3. had slept, wouldn’t be arguing
4. weren’t traveling, wouldn’t need
5. wouldn’t be using, were taking off
5. For some items, other tenses may be possible. Possible answers below.
2. hadn’t been sitting, wouldn’t have met
3. had used, wouldn’t be looking
4. were hanging out, would be watching
5. were traveling, would be
6. had been paying, wouldn’t be getting
7. wouldn’t be eating, had packed
6. Answers will vary.
7. 5 Brian: Thanks so much. I really appreciate it.
2 Amy: What’s that?
1 Brian: Amy, could you do me a favor?
4 Amy: Of course not. I’d be happy to.
3 Brian: I’ve got a horrendous headache. Would you mind getting me some aspirin?
8. 1. If it hadn’t been for
2. if it weren’t for
3. If it hadn’t been for
4. If it hadn’t been for
5. if it weren’t for
9. Note: Clauses can be reversed.
1. If it hadn’t been for your help, I never would have passed this class.
2. This would be a perfect flight if it weren’t for the uncomfortable seats.
3. If it hadn’t been for the confusion at the airport, our bags wouldn’t have gotten lost.

Summit 2, Third Edition

 4. If it weren’t for a scheduling conflict, we would go to your party.
5. We would have gotten lost if it hadn’t been for that stranger’s help.
10. Possible answers
1. Would you mind turning down your music?
2. Would you mind grabbing my bag off the carousel?
3. Would you mind watching my things for a minute?
4. Would you mind pointing me in the right direction?
5. Would you mind helping me put this bag in the overhead bin?
11. Answers will vary.
12. Possible answers
1. She’s a computer security specialist. She uses her computer hacking skills to help
people keep hackers from stealing their information.
2. It allows her to intercept signals from people’s computers and devices.
3. It tells her where they’ve been and what they like to do. She can tell if they are wealthy
by the types of places they’ve been and their interests.
4. Because he is probably wealthy.
5. It’s a hidden wireless access point that impersonates a real access point. It allows
hackers to get information like names and passwords from the people who use it.
6. Encrypted information.
7. Answers will vary.
8. Answers will vary.
13. Answers will vary.
14. 2. stained
3. broken
4. stolen
5. damaged
6. burglarized
15. Possible answers
Things kayo did wrong: She didn’t make a list of what she packed; she packed the
wedding gift in her checked bag; she checked in late; she didn’t fill out an identification tag
for her bag; she didn’t look at the destination label the airline put on her bag; she had a
tight connection in Los Angeles.
Things she should have done: She should have made a list of what was in her bag; she
should have included her contact information and itinerary in her bag; she shouldn’t have
packed the wedding gift in her checked bag; she should have looked at the destination
label the airline put on her bag; she should have scheduled her flights to avoid a tight
connection.

Summit 2, Third Edition

GRAMMAR BOOSTER

A. 1.  F, F  2.  F, T  3.  T, T  4.  F, F  5.  F, T

B. 1.  c  2.  a  3.  d  4.  c  5.  b  6.  a  7.  b  8.  c  9.  d  10.  d
C. Answers will vary.

UNIT 7
1. Answers will vary.
2. Answers will vary.
3. 1. What’s on your mind
2. I may be imagining things, Keep in mind
3. If I were in your shoes
4. Don’t get me wrong
5. the cat’s out of the bag
4. 2. The, unique
3. X, generic
4. an, indefinite
5. The, definite
6. X, indefinite
7. The, definite
5. 1. a, the, an, a, The
2. X, the / a
3. a, the, the, The
4. A, a, The, X, the
6. Answers will vary.
7. Answers will vary.
8. 1. c  2. a  3. c  4. a
9. Answers will vary.
10. 1. It is believed
2. It is said
3. It is estimated
4. It was (once) thought
5. it is believed
6. It used to be said
7. It used to be believed
11. Answers will vary.

Summit 2, Third Edition

 12. Possible answers
1. It is visualizing, or imagining, every aspect of a process or event, including everything
that your body does during the event.
2. They use it to build focus, reduce stress, tune out distractions, and block negative
images.
3. During visualization, athletes tell themselves what to do at every step of the process.
4. It may train the muscles to react more quickly.
5. It is using imagery to get rid of negative images or thoughts.
6. Things such as a balloon popping or an elastic band snapping.
7. By getting rid of negative thoughts, athletes can focus fully on competition.
8. Visualization involves thinking about every little detail, slowing down and imagining or
seeing every single step in an event.
13. Answers will vary.
14. 2. is all in my mind
3. am out of my mind
4. made up my mind
5. change your mind
15. 1. T  2. F  3. T  4. F  5. T  6. T
16. Answers will vary.
17. 1. acrophobe
2. claustrophobia
3. xenophobic
4. aerophobe
5. arachnophobic
6. ophidiophobe
7. agoraphobic

GRAMMAR BOOSTER

A. 1. the, the, X
2. a, the, a
3. a, The, a , a, X, a
4. a, The, the
5. The, a, X
6. a, the, the
B. 1. a time
2. a victory
3. superstition
4. fear

Summit 2, Third Edition

 5. victory
6. a superstition
7. a fear
8. time
C. 1. were reported to be getting close to a deal
2. is said to have never lost a match when wearing his lucky tennis shoes
3. is thought to be one of the best in the country
4. are said to affect elderly people far more than the rest of the population
5. wasn’t thought to have had much effect on physical performance

UNIT 8
1. Possible answers
1. You should think before you speak.
2. You need to examine your own weaknesses.
3. You should practice empathy.
4. Don’t take things so personally.
5. You need to think about how you react under stress.
2. Answers will vary.
3. Answers will vary.
4. Answers will vary
5. 1. F  2. T  3. T  4. T  5. T  6. F  7. T  8. F  9. T  10. F
6. Conversation 1
Diana has a head for figures. / Diana doesn’t have a knack for learning languages.
Conversation 2
Aidan is mechanically inclined. / Aidan doesn’t have a way with words.
Dave has a way with words.
Conversation 3
Darla has an eye for detail.
Emily is good with her hands. / Emily has an eye for detail.
Conversation 4
Andy has an ear for music. / Andy is not mechanically inclined. / Andy is not good with his
hands.
Ethan is mechanically inclined. / Ethan is good with his hands. / Ethan doesn’t have an ear
for music.
Conversation 5
Joseph doesn’t have a way with people.
Barbara has a good intuitive sense. / Barbara has a way with people.

Summit 2, Third Edition

 7. Answers will vary.
8. 2. ü
3. X; The company will insist that people will not smoke on company property.
4. ü
5. ü
not
6. X; If you demand that your daughter doesn’t keep secrets from you, she’ll want to share
things with you even less.
know
7. X; It’s desirable that no one knows the details of the project before it is announced.
remember
8. X; It’s essential that each person remembers his or her role in the process.
9. ü
sleep
10. X; They recommended that everyone be sleeping well the night before the test.
9. Answers will vary.
10. First paragraph: According to the researchers, if we truly want to measure intelligence, it’s
essential that we test for different types of intelligence.
Second paragraph: According to Sternberg, it’s important that we value all three of these
types.
Last paragraph: Based on the results of their studies, the researchers advised that we not
assume that the cognitive skills valued and useful in one culture are the same as those
valued by another. Therefore, they recommend that traditional IQ tests not be the sole
method of assessment in non-Western countries.
11. Answers will vary.
12. Answers will vary.
13. Answers will vary.
14. Possible answers
2. Jennifer would benefit from learning to boost her energy so that she can keep working
when she feels tired.
3. Ana needs to learn the skill of visualization to help her get the confidence to perform
well at her job.
4. If Pietro learned the skill of positive thinking, he might feel better and more satisfied
about his job.
15. Answers will vary.
16. 1. T
2. No information
3. F
4. No information

Summit 2, Third Edition

 5. T
6. F
7. No information
17. Answers will vary.

GRAMMAR BOOSTER

A. Possible answers
2. Amy isn’t good with her hands. She does have an ear for music, though.
3. Gail doesn’t have a knack for learning languages. She is talented in other ways, though.
4. Kyle doesn’t have much confidence. But he does have all the skills he needs to
succeed.
5. Victor doesn’t have a lot of experience. He does have a good intuitive sense, however.
6. Suri hasn’t found a job yet. She is persistent, though.
7. Tara hasn’t been to Africa. But she has traveled to many other countries.
8. Travis doesn’t have a teaching certificate. He would make a great teacher, though.
B. 1. stopping
2. getting
3. to work
4. to get
5. to start
6. arriving
C. 1. exercising
2. to protect
3. to arrive
4. seeking
5. writing
6. to make
D. Answers will vary.

UNIT 9
1. Answers will vary.
2. 1. are going to be relied (on), will have been made
2. will have been (completely) redesigned, will have been harnessed, will be moved, will
be built, are (even) going to be made
3. will have been replaced, will (still) be valued, will be done, will be eliminated
3. Answers will vary.

Summit 2, Third Edition

 4. 2. would be sold
3. will be made / will have been made, will be taken / will have been taken
4. will be accepted / will have been accepted
5. will have been made
6. would be replaced / would have been replaced
7. would be sent
5. 2. By the year 2050, inventions that seem incredible now will have been accepted (by
people) as a common part of life.
3. I thought the phone would be answered by a secretary, not the boss.
4. At this time tomorrow, the package will have been delivered (by the courier).
5. Because of its global themes, the film is going to be appreciated by audiences all over
the world.
6. After years of war, news of the peace treaty will be announced by government leaders.
6. Answers will vary.
7. 4 Because it’s a slippery slope. No one knows how this new technology is going to be
applied.
1 You know, they say that new technologies are going to totally change the way we live
our lives.
5 True. Sometimes technology develops faster than people can decide how it should be
used.
3 Do you really feel that way? How come?
2 If you ask me, I think that sounds a little frightening.
8. 1. g  2. e  3. c  4. a  5. b  6.  f   7. d
9. Answers will vary.
10. 2. were permitted, might / would be learned
3. had been made, might / would have been warned
4. were developed, might / would be used
5. had been used, might / would have been saved
6. were granted, might / would be created
7. had been informed, might not / wouldn’t have been bought
11. Possible answers
1. were used; fewer people’s identities would be stolen
2. were allowed; it’d be like opening a can of worms, in my opinion
3. hadn’t been developed; information wouldn’t be shared as quickly or easily
4. had been introduced; the train wouldn’t have been used by so many people
12. 1. turned things around
2. absorb / neutralize
3. unregulated

Summit 2, Third Edition

 4. dramatically
5. native
13. 1. c  2. c  3. b  4. b  5. c
14. Answers will vary.
15. 1. T  2. T  3. T  4. F
16. 1. high, high
2. the same as, lower than
3. lower than, the same as
4. third
5. low
6. second

GRAMMAR BOOSTER

A. 1. P; circle - must be passed

2. A
3. P; circle - was interviewed, have been published
4. A
5. P; circle - will be attended
6. A
7. P; circle - have been written
8. P; circle - are made, are constructed
B. 1. had been cut, was taken
2. are picked, wash
3. have reduced
4. will be discussed
5. should be taken, must keep
6. will be announced
C. 1. Numerous studies have been conducted (by researchers) on the topic. / Numerous
studies on the topic have been conducted (by researchers).
2. First onion, basil, and tomatoes are chopped (by the chef). Then, all the ingredients are
combined.
3. This medication should be taken (by patients) with food to avoid stomach discomfort.
4. Patricia Marks was declared winner of the country’s largest singing contest (by the
judges). She was awarded a check for $100,000 and was given a new car.
5. Tickets and identification must be provided (by passengers) before boarding.
6. The Good Table Café was visited by members of the health board, who make sure that
restaurants meet state health standards.

Summit 2, Third Edition

UNIT 10
1. Answers will vary.
2. 1. on the fence
2. it’s bad enough that
3. a fish out of water
4. pulling my leg, how do you like that
5. a losing battle
6. money talks
3. 1. bring about, go without
2. wipe out, carried out
3. comes down with
4. put up with, laying off
4. Answers will vary.
5. The following phrasal verbs should be circled.
cater to
Check out
come across
pick up
find out
Try it out
count on it
go without
6. Answers will vary.
7. 1. start it over
2. counting on us
3. carry it out
4. try it out
5. put up with a crowd
6. put off our visit
7. taking up knitting
8. pick it up
9. talk you into
10. come across anything
8. 1. Globalization
2. exports, infrastructure
3. prosperity
4. outsource
5. homogenization
6. investments

Summit 2, Third Edition

 9. Answers will vary.
10. 1. F  2. F  3. T  4. T  5. F  6. T  7. T  8. T  9. F
11. Answers will vary.
12. Possible answers
Stage 1: new foods, like New York pizza and sushi; huge stores with many items and
choices; people from many cultures
Stage 2: too many people; overwhelming; hard time understanding English / lack of
fluency; not knowing what topics were okay to talk about; too many choices
Stage 3: homesick; missed family and friends; missed communicating easily; hard time
making new friends; withdrawn and depressed
Stage 4: English improved / communication easier; made some friends; discovered some
of her own special places in New York; crowds no longer bothered her
13. Possible answers
1. Positive: There was more variety in food and people in New York than in her
hometown; there was more choice in stores in New York
Negative: New York had large crowds, unlike her hometown; she didn’t have
friends at first in New York; she had a harder time communicating in New York
than in her hometown; she sometimes felt like there were too many choices in New
York compared to at home.
2. Answers will vary.

GRAMMAR BOOSTER

A. 1. I; dress up
2. T; called off
3. T; think back on
4. I; grew up
5. T; cut (someone) off
6. T; look (your essay) over
7. T; go along with
8. I; sit down
9. T; came away with
B. 3. T; fill with air
4. I; suddenly become very angry
5. I; end an argument
6. T; create
7. T; raise, increase
8. I; appear

Summit 2, Third Edition

 C. 1. P; thrown out
2. A; used up
3. P; done over
4. A; passed out
5. A; leaves out
6. P; let off
7. P; filled out

Summit 2, Third Edition