SULIT 6 4551/

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QUESTION 7

NO. ANSWER SCHEME

(a)(i) p •
Hydrophytes
•

Q : Halophytes
(a)(ii) • Low oxygen content
• Water flow resistance
• (Receive) less light intensity
(b) • Have thin/ (and) s1nall leaves
• Increase total surface area over volume/ TSAI V

S7 • Increase the diffusion of water/ (dissolved)

carbon dioxide/ dissolved gases
• Have small/ (and) hollow stem
• Help the plant float upright
• (To) absorb maxim u m sunlight/ light energy

(c) Protection zone

• Act as natural barrier to re-cure the impact of strong
waves and wind ·
• As a protected site for s1nall aquatic organisms fro1n
predator
• Act as a preserve area for various species of migratory
birds
Accept any correct ans\ver
Fisheries resources
• Beco1ne a conducive area for fish rearing in
floating ages
• Beco1ne source of inco1ne for fishe1inan
• Area for fish/commercial species breed ing

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QUESTION S

NO. ANSWER SCHEME

(a) • Genetic engineering is a techni que used to
manipulate genes/ alter/ modify genetic materials
• To create/ produce new combinations of genes in
organisms/ bacteria .
(b) • Human insulin gene cut/ sliced

SS • Using restrictio11enzyme/ endonuclease

• Plasmid is cut/ sliced
• Using restriction enzyme/ endonuclease
• Insulin gene and are mixed/ combined/ placed
into plasmid
• By using DNA ligase enzyme
(c) • Diabetes mell itus/ Diabetes type I/ Diabetes type II
• (Reject : Diabetes only/ Diabetes insipidus)
• Bacteria can reproduce asexually (very) fast
• Can be produce in large quantities
• The cost is low/ cheaper (and purer)
• (Chemically) the sa1ne as hor111one insulin produce
naturally/ in human body
• Acceptable to people with a range of religious belief

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SECTION B
QUESTION 9

NO.
ANSWER SCHEME
• (Cross) pollination
(a)(i) • transferring the pollen grain from anther/ mal e/
flower P to stigma/ female/ flower Q
• bee as pollinating agent
(ii) Similarities:
89
• Both produce gametes
• Both are located at the flower's (organ)
• Both undergo (mitosis and)
meiosis Differences:
Male flower part/ Female flower part/
Flower A Flower B
Dl (Consist of) stamen (Consist of) carpel

D2 Has filaments and Has stigma, style and

anther ovary
D3 Produce pollen grain Produce embryo sac

D4 Projecting out from Located in the middle

the base of the of the flower
flower

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SULIT 9 4551/
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NO. ANSWER SCHEME
(iii) • (After Process X) pollen grain will germinate
and form a pollen tube
• The pollen tube grows down towards the ovule
through style
• The generative nucleus will move along the
pollen tube towards the ovule
• At the same time, the generative nucleus will divide
by mitosis to fonns two male gametes/ L

S9 • The end of the pol len tube will secrete an enzyme

to digest the tissues of the style/ the tips of pollen
.
tube
will burst
• Pollen tube will penetrate the ovule through the
micropyle
• The tube nucleus will degenerate
• both inales gametes/ L enter the embryo sac
• One of the male gamete fertilises the egg cell/ N
to form a diploid zygote (2n)
• The second male gamete fuses with the two polar
nuclei/ M to form a triploid endosperm nucleus
(3n)
• this process is know11as double fertilization

(b) • (After double fertilisation) the ovule develops into a

• Parthenocarpy
• using phytohor1none treatments
• spray flower with (hormo11e) auxin
• (promotes) ovary undergo repeated cell division/
Mitosis
• for1ns seedless fruit/ fruit without seed
• without (double) fertilization
• doesn't need pollination agent
• time interval (for) fruit ripening become shorter

..

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 SULIT 10 4551/2

QUESTION 10

NO. ANSWER SCHEME

(a)(i) • Ball and socket joint
• Allow rotational movement in all direction/
plane/ axi s
•

• allows leg to swing in a circular motion

• Examples:the shoulderjoints/ between humerus and
pectoral girdle, the hip joi 11t betwee11the femur
S1O and pelvic girdle
(ii) • Muscles act antagonistically
• When the SI quadriceps femoris (muscle) contracts
• produce a pulling force to tibia
• (pulljng force) transmit by tendon
• (at the same time,) RJ biceps femoris (muscle)
will relax
• tibia (and fibula) pulled foxwards
• leg become straighten
• tibialis contract
• to bring/ oull down the heel
(b) • P is pectoralis inajor and Q is pectoralis minor
• QI Pectoralis minor cannot contracts
• Pl Pectoralis major cannot relaxes
• Tendons of pectoralis minor/ Q (passes over
groove on the caracoid) cannot transmit pulling
force to upper side of humerus
• Humerus cannot lift upward
• Wings cannot pulled upwards
• No air pressure to provide upthrust
• Ca11not provide the lift for young bird
!-- --+-
• Youn
_;
pigeon cannot fly
(c) Similarity
• Both have skeletal system
• Enable them to move from one place to
another in search of food, part11er or to escape
from predators and threats '
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• Both have a pair of muscle I
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• Work antagonistically/one muscle contracts, the I
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other one will relaxes I
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Differences:
II

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NO. ANSWER SCHEME
• Grasshopper have exoskeleton while earthwor1n
have hydrostatic skeleton
• Exoskeleton to support and protect body
organs/enable insect to moves while hydrostatic
skeleton to maintain a rigid body shape of an
earthworm
SlO • Muscle in grasshopper are flexor and extensor
muscle while muscle in an earthworm are circular
and longitudinal muscle
• Grasshopper movement is jumping/ leaping
while the earthworm movement in a wave of
peristalsis along the body
• Grasshopper use legs while earthworm use
chaetae to anchor tl1e body

(d) Advantages
• Carbon nanotube material is lightweight
• Carbon nanotube material is high mechanical
strength
• Chemical properties similar to collagens, main
component of the extracellular matrix of these
tissues
• Lack of toxicity in patients' body
• Do not experience rejection issues in the patient's
body
• Real bones grow back
• Biodegradable after real bones grow back
• High Elasticity
• Fatigue

resistance
..
Disadvantage
I'
• The cost of materials is expensive
• Need expert to prepare the carbon nanotubes
solution
• High technology machines needed

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 SULIT 12
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SECTION C
QUESTION ll

NO. ANSWER SCHEME

(a) • Quartered of plate comes from carbohydrates/
examples (rice, bread)
• Sufficien t carbohydrate intake for energy
require1nent
• Excess carbohydrates lead to obesity/ diabetes
mellitus/ cardiovascular disease
• Quartered of plate comes from protein/
examples (chicken, fish, egg)
•
• Sufficient protein intake for cell growth/ repat r
(accept other function of protein)
Sll
• Excess protein intake lead to gout/ obesity
• Half of plate comes from vitamin & minerals
• Sufficient vegetable/ fruits/ fibre for body health/
prevent disease
• To prevent constipation colon cancer/
haemorrhoid/ help in peristalsis movement/
stimulate bowel movement
(b) Justify:
Total energy intake no/ does not (satisfy) the woman daily
energy
requirement.

Able to

explain

• Total energy value intake less than total energy

needed
• Total energy value intake:
• Calculation: 800+ 640+ 525+ 63o+7000+
504+500+900
• = 11,499 kJ
• She takes less rice ••
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• Less carbohydrates I
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• Less source of energy '
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• She takes less bread
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• Less carbohydrates l
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• Less of energy !·
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• She takes more butter
• More fat/ lipid I
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NO. ANSWER SCHEME
(c) Justify: Obese person should/ should not undergo gastric
bypass
surgery
Able to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of
gastric bypass surgery.
Advantages
• Get fuller (easier)/ less food intake/ stomach get full
easier due to reduction of stomach size
• Less calorie absorbed
• Become more healthy
• Reduce blood glucose level
S11 • Easy to control blood pressure
• Increase self-confidence level
• Body size become smaller/ decrease in body
weight
Disadvantage s
• Cause acid reflux
• Cause vomiting
• Stomach ulcer
• Increase/ higher concentration of gastric juice
• Malnu trition/ less nutrient being absorbed
• Length of small intestine is shorten
• Costly/ Expensive/ use high technology/ less
affordable
• Cause bacterial infection
• Surgery can cause internal bleedi11g

(d) • Consuming high protein/ white meat/ milk/

fish/ dairy product
• Help in healing and repairing/ replace tissue
• Consuming high calorie food/ high carbohydrates
• To provide sufficient energy during cancer treatment
• For optimum health condition
• Consuming green vegetable/ fruits
containing phytonutrients/ mineral and vita1nins
• To increase immunity
• To stimulate the release of enzymes that break
down cancer - causing chemicals/ inhibit early
tumour growth

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NO. ANSWER SCHEME
• Fruits and vegetables contain high fiber tl1at help
in digestion
• Consuming orange-coloured/ any suitable food
(contain carotenoids, alpha- and beta-carotene)
• To protect body cells from damage caused by
free radicals/ can prevent (lung) cancer
• Avoid food that containing carcinogenic
substances/ Artificial colouring/ artificial
preservatives
• That cru1 increa se tl1e risk of cancer cells
development
• Avoi d preserved food/ flavoured food
• Because high salt intake can cause primary
cellular damage that can increase the risk
factor for (stomach) cancer
• Avoid consuming red meat
• That can increase the risk of (bowel) cancer
• Avoid alcohol
• Can cause liver malfunction

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